This seminal collection gathers the core religious and philosophical texts of the ancient East, offering readers a direct encounter with the sacred literature of India and Persia. The volume opens with the Vedic hymns, ancient Sanscrit poetry dedicated to elemental forces and deities such as Agni and the storm-gods known as the Maruts. These hymns reflect a profound religious awe and the earliest developments of Aryan thought, ranging from polytheistic nature worship to the monotheistic conception of the unknown creator. The work then transitions to the Zend-Avesta, the sacred scriptures of the Zoroastrian tradition.
This section details the dualistic struggle between Ahura Mazda, the creator of life and light, and the destructive spirit Angra Mainyu, alongside elaborate codes for ritual purity, funerals, and agriculture. Another cornerstone of the collection is the Dhammapada, a practical ethical handbook of Buddhism comprising short verses attributed to Buddha. It instructs the reader on the path to Nirvana through earnestness, thought control, self-mastery, and the abandonment of passion and hatred. Finally, the inclusion of the Upanishads introduces early Indian metaphysics and the profound search for the Supreme Being and the human soul. Together, these writings trace the formative stages of eastern philosophy, illustrating how ancient thinkers grappled with existence, morality, and the divine order.