Henry Higgins, an eccentric professor of phonetics, encounters Eliza Doolittle, a dirt-poor flower girl with a harsh cockney accent, outside Covent Garden during a heavy rainstorm. Fascinated by the variations of human speech, Higgins boasts to his colleague Colonel Pickering that he can completely transform Eliza's speech and manners within six months, successfully passing her off as a duchess. Driven by a desire to improve her station and secure a job in a respectable flower shop, Eliza arrives at Higgins's Wimpole Street laboratory the following morning offering to pay for lessons. Higgins and Pickering impulsively accept the challenge, plunging the girl into an intensive regimen of phonetics, etiquette, and personal hygiene.
Meanwhile, Eliza's ne'er-do-well father, Alfred Doolittle, tracks her down, not out of parental concern, but to extract a five-pound note from Higgins through shameless rhetoric. The experiment progresses with astonishing speed, and months later, Eliza is successfully introduced into high society at Mrs. Higgins's at-home day and subsequently triumphs at the ambassador's garden party.
However, upon returning home, Higgins and Pickering congratulate each other and express relief that the tedious ordeal is finally over, completely ignoring Eliza's contribution. Deeply wounded by their callous indifference and realizing she no longer fits into her old life, Eliza flies into a rage, throws Higgins's slippers at him, and flees the house. The narrative resolves as Eliza chooses an independent path, supported by the devoted young Freddy Eynsford Hill, rejecting Higgins's domineering intellectualism in favor of genuine affection and mutual respect.