compared with Mogul institution, 278, 279.
См. Мусульманская институция и Правящая институция.
Intendants, 132.
Interest, lawful only for funds of mosques, 201 note 3.
Interpreters, 130, 183.
Iranians, 13 and notes 3, 4.
Irregular troops, 50, 105-107.
Iskender Chelebi, Defterdar, estate of, taken by Suleiman, 55;
educational system and armed household of, 59.
Issus, battle of, 7.
Janissaries, described, 47, 91-97;
religious character of, 68, 69;
rule against admission of their sons broken down, 69 note 3;
not supposed to marry, 70;
uprisings of, 92;
conquests limited by, 93;
влияние на престолонаследие, 93-95;
number of, 95 and note 3;
organization and officers of, 95, 96;
promotions of, 96;
appearance of, 138, 139;
finances of, 169, 179;
other references, 249, 250, 266, 267.
воспитанники янычар (адзем-огланы), образование, 79-82;
rewards of, 82, 83;
punishments of, 88;
other references, 47, 73, 129, 254, 255, 269, 270.
Jehan-Ara, daughter of Shah-Jehan, 291.
Jehangir, son of Suleiman, 142, 143 note 1.
Jehangir, Mogul emperor, elephants of, 286;
ceremony of weighing of, 288, 289;
harem of, 290;
sense of responsibility of, 292;
in civil war, 293.
Jelal ad-din Rumi, 118.
Jemali, the Mufti, 211, 212.
Jerbé, victory of, 89.
Jewish subjects, not liable to tribute of boys, 34;
have separate organization, 34, 37;
the sultan their legal head, 151;
Ramberti’s testimony regarding, 241.
Судьи —
общее описание, 216-223;
классификация, 216-219;
venality of, discussed, 222, 223;
the law administered by, 223;
power of, over individuals, 224.
Grand vizier, 165, 189-191, 220, 221.
Kaziaskers, in Divan, 167, 189-191;
обязанности, 217-220;
other references, 225, 247, 263.
Special, for endowments, 201, 218.
In Mogul Empire, 297, 300.
Junis Bey, chief interpreter of Suleiman, testimony of, as to Suleiman’s income, 179;
памфлет (с Альвизе Гритти), 262-275.
Jurisconsults or jurists (muftis), 207-215, 225, 303;
their chief (Sheik ul-Islam), 151, 208 ff., 247, 299.
Юриспруденция, мусульманская, 153-155.
Justice, systems of, in general, 34-36, 216;
of the Janissaries, 97;
of the kullar, 116;
of the Ulema, 203;
of the Seids, 206, 207;
Мусульманская институция, 215-224;
in India, 297, 300.
Justinian, 6, 158.
Kara Khalil Chendereli, traditional founder of Janissaries, 63, 64, 117.
Khaireddin Barbarossa, 246.
Khosrew Pasha, 152.
Khurrem (or Roxelana), wife of Suleiman, 56-58, 95, 126, 141-143, 213.
Kitchen service, 129.
Kiuprilis, 165.
Koran, 40, 42, 152, 214, 223, 300.
Koreish, 150, 235.
Kurdistan, 30.
Kurds, 105, 106, 296.
земельная система, очерк, 28-32;
complication of, 32, 175, 176.
Law, classification of, 152;
of Ceremonies, 134;
of Subjects, Fiefs, Egypt, and Fines and Punishments, 159, 160.
См. также Священный закон.
Юридические школы, 203-205.
Lawyers, none in Turkey, 208, 223.
Learned associates of sultans, 128, 129, 218, 225.
Legislation, 27, 150-163;
султанов в целом, 157-158;
of Mohammed II, 158, 159;
of Suleiman, 32, 159-161;
of the jurists through fetvas, 214.
Lepanto, battle of, 95, 143.
Местное самоуправление —
в Османской империи, должностные лица, 103-105, 256-260, 270-272;
правосудие, 216-220.
In Mogul Empire, 294, 296, 297.
Mahmûd of Ghazni, 280, 283.
Malta, 143, 145.
Malversations, 177, 294.
Mamelukes of Egypt: how recruited, 33;
duration of rule, 280.
March, order of, 274, 275.
Master of ceremonies, 184.
Masters of the hunt, 132.
Mediterranean civilization, 7, 279.
Menzikert, battle of, 7.
Заслуги как основа продвижения по службе, 82-86;
also in Mogul Empire, 283.
Mesopotamia, 31.
Michael of the Pointed Beard, 117, 118.
Mihrmah, daughter of Suleiman, 126, 142, 143.
Mines, 132, 171, 176.
Mingrelia, status of, 30;
slaves furnished by, 33, 57, 289.
миссионерский мотив Правящей институции, 62-71.
Mogul emperor’s authority, original feudal bond, 279, 280;
commander-in-chief of army, 283;
despot, 298.
Mogul Empire, less durable than Ottoman, 278, 279;
управление, 278-303;
financial greatness of, 295.
Mohacs, battles of, 177, 278.
Mohammedanism, relation to Christianity, 8, 68;
effect on Turkish character, 8;
bequest of, to Ottoman Turks, 21, 227 ff.;
missionary energy of, 63, 64, 284.
Moldavia, 30, 52 note 1, 106, 129, 178, 297.
Mohammed II, the Conqueror, quotation from letter of, to Uzun Hassan, title page, 64;
his Kanun of fratricide, 94 and note 2, 142;
dined alone, 122 and note 3;
built palace, 123;
adopted ceremonies, 134;
ordered Sacred Law codified, 152;
legislation of, 158, 159;
organized the Treasury, 168;
instituted tax-farming, 177;
regulated education of Moslem Institution, 203;
rule of as to jurisdiction of Kaziaskers, 220.
Mohammed Piri Pasha, grand vizier, 167.
Mohammed Sokolli, grand vizier, 120, 164, 165, 167.
Mohammed the Prophet, tradition of, 152;
descendants of, 206, 225, 300;
completed Sacred Law, 209;
granted toleration to Christian subjects, 212;
represented by judges, 220;
founder of Moslem system, 224, 235;
derivation of ideas, of, 227.
Mongols, relation of, to Turks, 12;
invasion of, 15;
empire of, 280.
См. Татары.
Morocco, 30.
Moslem-born subjects, not admitted to high office, 40-44, 66;
pressure of, to enter Ruling Institution, 69 note 3, 117, 120, 195, 231;
persistent loyalty of, 300.
Moslem Institution of the Ottoman Empire, antecedents of, 21;
general description of, 36, 37, 199, 200, 224-226;
institutions parallel to, 37;
relation of, to Ruling Institution, 38;
современные описания, 38-44;
Suleiman its head, 151;
received sultan’s fifth of booty, 178;
the Divan its cap-stone, 188;
финансовое обеспечение, 200-203;
система образования, 203-206;
clergy, seids, and dervishes, 206, 207;
законоведы и муфтий, 207-215;
democratic spirit of, 225;
сравнение с османской Правящей институцией, 227-236;
cumulative influence of, 234;
needed support of Ruling Institution, 235;
сравнение с мусульманской церковью в Индии, 300-303.
Moslems in India, 283, 284, 299-303;
not in close touch with emperors, 299, 300;
had no powerful chief, 299, 302;
their educational system, 300.
Mosques, 24, 202, 240, 300.
Muhammad Khan, Nawab of Farrukhabad, 281, 282.
Mumtaz-Mahal, empress of India, 281, 291.
Murad II, sultan, appearance, 17 note 4;
simplicity of life, 134.
Mustapha, eldest son of Suleiman, mother of, 57 note 3, 126;
execution of, 89, 94, 95, 142, 213;
character of, 95 note 2;
ceremony at circumcision of, 136.
Nenuphar, or Nilufer, bride of Orchan, 17.
Nobility, of the kullar, 84, 85, 114-120;
of the Seids, 118, 206, 207;
of the Ulema, 118, 119, 203;
in the Mogul Empire, 282.
Noble Guard (Muteferrika), 78, 129, 140, 248.
Non-Moslem subjects, 34.
См. Подданные-христиане, Подданные-иудеи и др.
North Africa, status of, 6, 30, 38;
inhabitants of, 33;
rendering of justice in, 37, 216;
Janissaries of, 95;
Suleiman desires to unify, 113 and note 1.
Notarial work, 219.
Nur-Jehan (or Nur-Mahal), empress of India, 281, 290, 291.
Old Testament, ideas of, in Mohammedanism, 8.
Orchan, sultan, 17 and note 4.
Osman I (Othman), sultan, 4, 6, 16 and note 1, 242, 272, 273;
house of, compared with that of Timur, 278, 281, 299.
Ottoman Empire, based on ideas, not race, 4;
rapidity of growth, 6;
характер и миссия, 7-10;
definition, 25;
lands comprised in, 6, 28-32;
народы, находящиеся под ее управлением, 33-35;
comparison of, with Mogul Empire, 278 ff.
Османская правящая институция, см. Правящая институция.
Османские турки, расовое происхождение, 10-18;
unification of Levant by, 9;
early history of, 15 ff.;
a mixed race, 16, 17;
источники культуры, 18-24.
Внешняя служба, 128-133.
Пажи, коллегии, 73-79;
the three palaces of, 74;
курс обучения, 75-78;
graduation of, 75;
rewards of, 82;
punishments of, 88;
age of their dismissal postponed, 120;
duties of, in the palace service, 126, 127;
Ramberti’s description of, 244.
Palace-guards, 130.
Palaces of Suleiman, principal palace, 74, 79, 123, 124, 243, 262;
palace of the harem (Old Palace), 124, 253, 268, 269;
other palaces, 74, 79, 254, 269;
accounts of the palaces, 128.
Panipat, battles of, 278, 299.
Parthians, 4, 11 note 1, 13 and note 4.
Patriarch of Constantinople, 151.
Pensions, in Ottoman Empire, 32, 183;
in Mogul Empire, 285, 294, 302.
Persian language, 21, 77.
Persians, bequests of, to Ottoman Turks, 4, 20, 21, 23, 33, 175;
blockade of Ottoman trade-routes by, 7;
could not lawfully be enslaved, 29;
wars of, with Ottoman Empire, 112, 113;
support of Mogul emperors by, 280, 281.
Personality of law, 28, 34, 35.
Physicians of sultan, 129.
Plato, 45, 71.
Police, Janissaries as, 93;
minister of, 183;
lieutenants of, 219.
Подушный налог, см. Налог на иноверцев.
Pope, compared with Mufti, 42, 209, 213.
Portuguese, blocked Ottoman sea-trade, 7;
served Mogul emperors, 281;
brought gold and silver to India, 294.
Primary schools, 203, 204.
Printing in Turkey, 223.
Punishments, in Ruling Institution, 88, 89, 197.
Queen mother, 56, 57, 122 note 1, 125.
Ragusa, 30, 178.
Rajputs, in service of Mogul emperors, 281, 282;
at war, 295, 299, 300;
their Rajahs, 281, 286, 297, 301.
Raushan-Ara, daughter of Shah-Jehan, 291.
Reformation, 9, 10, 113.
Religious “communities,” origin of, in Turkey, 20;
when organized, 34 note 5.
См. Подданные-армяне, Подданные-греки и Подданные-иудеи.
Христиане-ренегаты, получившие высшие должности в Османской империи, 39-44, 62-71;
unfavorable view of their character, 42;
counted as Turks, 70;
total number made by Ruling Institution, 70;
Khosrew Pasha learned in Moslem law, 152;
other references, 167, 186.
Доходы Сулеймана, 179-182;
императоров Великих Моголов, 293-295.
Revolution, right of, 26, 157, 209, 233.
Rivalry of Ruling and Moslem Institutions, 38, 233-236.
Roman Empire, 6;
its influence on Turks, 150, 279-281.
См. Византийская империя.
Roumania, 52 note 1.
См. Молдавия и Валахия.
Роксолана, см. Хюррем.
Ruling Institution, antecedents of, 23;
general description of, 36, 45-47, 193-198;
institutions parallel to, 37;
relation of, to Moslem Institution, 38;
not clearly understood by certain historians, 38, 39;
современные описания, 39-44;
component parts of, 47;
number of personnel of, 49 and note 4;
продвижение по заслугам, 82-88;
break-down of system of, 43, 69 note 3, 120;
relation of, to rest of Empire, 133;
influenced by Suleiman’s splendor, 144;
the Divan its cap-stone, 188;
сравнение с Мусульманской институцией, 227-236;
artificiality of, 231;
support of Moslem Institution by, 233, 235.
См. также названия глав.
Rûm, Seljuks of, 6, 16.
Rumelia, 104, 168, 169, 220;
Beylerbey of, 103, 105, 189.
Russia, 29, 57, 74.
Rustem Pasha, grand vizier, armed household of, 59;
liberal religious views of, 68;
wealth of, 87 note 1;
attitude of, toward Janissaries, 97;
sale of offices by, 115, 116;
suspected of influencing Mustapha’s execution, 213;
other references, 53 note 3, 142, 164, 167.
Sacred Law of Islam, scope of, 21, 156, 235;
limitation of despotism by, 25, 26, 157;
характер, 152-157;
sketch of history of, 152, 153;
lack of elasticity of, 27, 156, 157, 215;
Suleiman’s observance of, 163;
how developed by fetvas, 214;
precepts of, both civil and criminal, 216;
relation of, to Moslem Institution, 225;
spirit of freedom in, 230;
not so much regarded in Mogul Empire, 279, 292, 293, 302.
St. Sophia, church of, 24, 202, 239.
Sale of office, 115, 116, 179.
Saracens, Empire of, 5, 6, 14;
наследие для Османской империи, 21-23;
comparison of, with Turks, 231.
Scholasticism, Moslem, 8, 9, 215, 228.
Scouts, 105.
Scythians, 11 note 1, 12, 13 note 3.
Seal, the imperial, 165.
Selim I, the Cruel, or the Grim, not given to sensuality, 56;
said to have executed seven viziers, 88;
circumstances of accession of, 94, 142;
effect of conquests of, 112, 228, 233, 234;
punishment of heresy by, 210;
attempt of, to convert Christian subjects forcibly, 211, 298.
Selim II, the Sot, 95, 111, 136, 143, 165.
Seljuk Empire, 5, 7, 119;
occupation of Asia Minor by, 14 ff.;
bequest of, to Ottoman Turks, 4, 23, 227;
simplicity of life in, 133.
Servians, 34.
Shah-Jehan, Mogul emperor, constructs Peacock Throne, 289;
defeats Nur-Jehan, 291;
civil war of sons of, 293.
Sher Shah, 293.
Simplicity of life among Seljuks and early Ottomans, 133, 134.
Slave-Families of Ottoman subjects, 58, 59;
conversion encouraged in, 67.
Slave-Family of the sultan, 36, 39-44, 47-58;
age of admission to, 48;
методы комплектования, 49-53;
number of members of, 49 and note 4;
status of members of, 55;
faithfulness of, 65;
education of, 71 ff.;
constituted standing army, 90 and note 4;
почести и привилегии, 114-120;
influence of, upon government, 149.
Рабство —
Of Turks in Saracen Empire, 22.
In Ottoman Empire, sources of supply for, 29, 30;
mainly of European Christians, 33;
поставляло высших должностных лиц, 39-44;
character of, 60, 61;
comparison of, with American colonial bondage, 60 note 7;
color line not drawn, 60;
emancipation frequent, 61;
attitude of converted slaves to Sacred Law, 230.
In Mogul Empire, 280-282, 284.
Slavs, Southern, 33, 52, 74.
См. Болгары, Хорваты и Сербы.
Sovereign will of sultan, 162, 163.
Spahis of the Porte, described, 47;
recruiting of, from pages, 78, 98-100;
organization of, 98, 99;
number of, 99 and notes 3, 4;
appearance of, 138, 139;
finances of, 169, 179;
other references, 250, 251, 267.
Пышность —
Of Suleiman, 133-141, 195;
its effect, 144, 145.
императоров Великих Моголов, 287-291;
its effect, 297, 298.
Stable service, 131.
State lands, 31, 32.
Steppe lands, 5, 11, 231.
Stirrup, generals of imperial, 131.
Изучаемые предметы —
In the colleges of pages, 76, 77.
In the imperial harem, 79.
Of the Ajem-oghlans, 81 and note 3.
In schools, 203;
in colleges, 203 and note 4;
in law schools, 204 and note 1.
Of Aurangzeb, 300, 301.
Престолонаследие в Османской империи, 93-95;
in Mogul Empire, 293.
Сулейман Великолепный, ограничения деспотической власти, 26-28;
семейная жизнь, 56-58;
said to have labored at a trade, 76 note 5;
self-command of, 89;
execution of Mustapha by, 89, 94, 142, 312;
execution of Bayezid and Ibrahim by, 89, 94, 111, 141, 142;
reorganization of feudal system by, 102;
appointment of Ibrahim as Seraskier by, 110;
relations of, to Charles V and Ferdinand of Austria, 112, 113;
promotion of Ibrahim and Rustem by favor of, 120;
mother, consorts, and daughter of, 126;
authority of, as caliph, 150;
head of all institutions, 151;
legislation of, 32, 152-163;
attitude of, to Sacred Law, 163;
ceased to preside at Divan, 188;
treatment of criminals by, 221, 222;
relation of, to power of great institutions, 234;
endowments of, 235 and note 1;
head of Moslems of Empire, 299.
Sultan’s authority, head of Ruling Institution, 46;
master of slave-family, 55;
commander-in-chief of the army, 109, 110;
head of state and government, 150, 151;
head of Moslem Institution, 151;
subject to Sacred Law, 157;
legislative power, 157, 158;
unworthiness of character irrelevant, 163 note 1, 233;
консультации с муфтием, 210-214;
comparison of relations to the two great institutions, 229;
supported by Sacred Law, 233.
Syria, 31.
Szigeth, campaign of, 111.
Taj Mahal, 291.
Крымские татары, см. Крымское ханство.
Tatars, definition, 11, 12;
bequests to Ottoman Turks, 18;
political organization, 19;
influence on Mogul Empire, 279, 280.
Налогообложение, 175-182;
inelasticity of, 177.
Tent-pitchers, 132.
Theodosius I, 9, 158.
Тимариоты, см. Феодальная кавалерия.
Timur (Tamerlane), character of, 280;
house of, compared with that of Osman, 272, 281, 299.
См. Бабур, династия.
Tithe lands, 31, 32.
Todar Mal, 281, 293.
Transylvania, 30, 178.
Treasure, of Suleiman, 172;
of Prince of Gujarat, 178;
of Mogul emperors, 295.
Treasurers, of the household, 127;
of the Empire (Defterdars), 167-172, 189, 191, 247, 265;
in Mogul Empire, 294, 297.
Казначейство, двадцать пять бюро, 168-172;
characteristics of, 173, 174;
personnel of, 186, 187.
Tributary provinces, 30;
condition of inhabitants of, 33;
government of, 37.
Tribute, 178.
Tribute boys, increased the number of Turks, 16, 70;
regions from which taken, 34, 51;
process of levying, 51, 52;
estimate of the system, 53, 54;
ultimate effect, 69-71, 231;
not levied by Mogul government in India, 279, 281, 282.
Tribute lands, 31, 32.
Tu-kiu, Empire of, 13, 14, 19.
Turanians, 12, 13 note 3.
Turki followers of Mogul emperors, 280, 281.
Turkish language, 18, 77, 79.
Turks, in Western Asia, 5, 14 ff.;
relation of, to Mongols, 12;
relation of, to Caucasians, 11 and note 2;
comparison of, with Saracens, 231;
Ramberti’s account of origin of, 242;
influence of, on Mogul Empire, 279.
См. Османские турки и Сельджукская империя.
Unification of territories by Ottoman Turks, 9, 10.
United Greek subjects, a separate organization, 34.
United States of America, compared with Ottoman Empire, 3, 28, 45, 58, 209, 213.
Unnatural vices, 75 note 6, 232.
Uses (legal term), 32, 202.
Ushers, 130.
Uzun Hassan, 64.
Vassal states, of Ottoman Empire, 29, 30;
of Mogul Empire, 297.
Venality, of Ottoman officials, 39, 69;
of Ottoman justice, 222.
Venice, 30, 178, 179.
Vienna, siege of, 93, 143.
Визири, 163-167, 189-191;
Ramberti’s account, 246.
Voinaks, 131.
Volunteer soldiers, 102, 106.
Wallachia, 30, 52 note 1, 106, 129, 178, 297.
War, declaration of, 26, 209.
Wealth, accumulation of, discouraged, in private citizens, 59;
allowed to high officers, 86, 87, 260;
of Rustem Pasha, 87 note 1, 161;
of Mogul Empire, 278, 287, 295.
Western Europe, not interested in East after Crusades, 10;
comparison with Ottoman Empire, 35, 36, 74, 94, 121, 157, 179, 204, 222.
Women, had no part at Ottoman Court, 121;
more prominent in Mogul Empire, 281, 290, 291.