«Юность королевы Виктории, том 1»

[102] See ante, p. 54.

[103] John William, Lord Duncannon. A Whig placeman. As Earl of Bessborough (1846) he became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and died in office in 1847.

[104] Hugh, Lord Ebrington, afterwards second Earl Fortescue. Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 1839–41.

[105] Sylvain Van de Weyer (1802–74), Belgian Minister at the Court of St. James’s, a trusted friend of King Leopold and of Queen Victoria. He had been a prominent leader of the Revolution in Belgium, 1830, and a protagonist of the separation of Belgium and Holland. His wit and charming personality gave him a prominent place in London society. He married the daughter of Joshua Bates, senior partner in Barings.

[106] Edward Geoffrey Stanley (1799–1869), the Rupert of debate, at this time Secretary for the Colonies, afterwards (as Earl of Derby) three times Prime Minister. Mrs. Stanley was Emma Caroline, daughter of Edward, first Lord Skelmersdale.

[107] Mr. Ellice (1781–1863), born at Montreal, M.P. for Coventry and Secretary at War. He had been a very successful Government Whip; nick-named “Bear” Ellice from his connection with the Hudson Bay Company. He married a sister of Earl Grey.

[108] James Abercromby (1776–1858), son of the gallant Sir Ralph Abercromby, who died in the moment of victory at Alexandria in 1801. At this time M.P. for Edinburgh. Became Speaker of the House of Commons in 1835, and was created Lord Dunfermline four years later.

[109] The Baroness Späth, Lady-in-Waiting to the Duchess of Kent.

[110] General Sir Robert Gardiner was Principal Equerry to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg at his marriage with Princess Charlotte. In later life he was Governor and Commander-in-Chief at Gibraltar.

[111] William George Maton, M.D., Physician Extraordinary to the Duchess of Kent and Princess Victoria.

[112] George (1819–1904), afterwards Duke of Cambridge and Commander-in-Chief. He was two months older than the Princess, so that he was now fourteen years old.

[113] Arabella, wife of the fourth Earl, a Lady-in-waiting to Queen Adelaide. She was a Miss Mackworth Praed.

[114] Daughters of the eleventh Earl of Pembroke. Lady Emma afterwards married the third Viscount de Vesci, and Lady Georgiana the fourth Marquess of Lansdowne.

[115] Daughters of the fifth Earl of Jersey. Lady Sarah afterwards married Prince Nicholas Esterhazy (see p. 190), eldest son of the famous diplomatist. Lady Clementina died unmarried in 1858.

[116] Younger son of Prince and Princess de Lieven. The Prince had been for over twenty years Russian Minister or Ambassador in London; the Princess was the inveterate correspondent of Earl Grey.

[117] George Guy, afterwards fourth Earl of Warwick, and an A.D.C. to Queen Victoria. Died 1893. At this time he was fifteen years of age.

[118] Charles Henry, Earl of March, afterwards sixth Duke of Richmond and first Duke of Gordon of a new creation. He held several high offices in Conservative Administrations, being Lord President of the Council 1874–80, and Secretary for Scotland 1885–6. He, like Lord Brooke, was about fifteen at this time; and was at Westminster School. In after-years the Queen relied much upon his excellent political judgment.

[119] George, eighth Earl of Athlone (1820–43). The first Earl was Godert de Ginkell, the well-known General of William III.

[120] A younger brother of Lord March; drowned in the President steamer in 1841. He was at this time thirteen years old.

[121] John Frederick, afterwards M.P. for Pembrokeshire and second Earl Cawdor.

[122] Their father was Alexander, Duke of Würtemberg. Prince Alexander afterwards married Princess Marie, daughter of King Louis Philippe; she died in 1839, less than two years after their marriage.

[123] A cousin of the Princess Victoria and of Princes Alexander and Ernst, the mother of the Duchess of Kent, having been a Princess of Reuss-Ebersdorff.

[124] Afterwards Duchess of Argyll.

[125] Afterwards Lady Blantyre.

[126] Lady Caroline Lascelles, and her daughter, afterwards Mrs. Grenfell.

[127] Madame Malibran was now about twenty-five years of age. See post, p. 168.

[128] Henry Lynedoch Gardiner, son of General Sir Robert Gardiner. He was afterwards Equerry in Ordinary to Queen Victoria.

[129] Sir Colin Campbell (1792–1863), afterwards F.-M. Lord Clyde, Commander-in-Chief in India. He saw more active service than any British Field-Marshal before or since. No soldier was ever braver, more merciful, and more modest.

[130] Admiral Williams had rendered valuable services in conjunction with the army in the Low Counties, 1794–5; he was knighted in 1796, and became G.C.B. in 1831.

[131] John George Lambton (1792–1840), the first Baron (and afterwards first Earl of) Durham, son-in-law of Lord Grey, had been Ambassador to St. Petersburg, and was now Lord Privy Seal. Lord Melbourne sent him subsequently to Canada at a critical juncture in the history of British North America. The Ministry afterwards recalled him, but the report which he presented on Canadian affairs is regarded as having laid the foundations of all colonial self-government. He was a statesman of noble, unstained character; but his high-strung temperament made life difficult both for him and his colleagues.

[132] He was sixty-two years of age. See ante, p. 78.

[133] Vice-Admiral Sir Graham Moore (1764–1843), G.C.M.G., afterwards Commander-in-Chief at Plymouth. He had been ordered in 1807–8 to escort the Royal Family of Portugal to Brazil; he married Dora, daughter of Thomas Eden.

[134] Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland (1776–1839). He commanded the Bellerophon when Napoleon surrendered after Waterloo.

[135] Richard (1764–1839), second Earl, Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall.

[136] Sir William Hargood had commanded the Belleisle under Nelson at Trafalgar, becoming an Admiral and G.C.B. in 1831.

[137] Captain Charles Philip Yorke, R.N., then M.P. for Cambs., afterwards fourth Earl of Hardwicke.

[138] Sir John Cameron had had a distinguished record in the Peninsula. From 1823 to 1833 he commanded the Western District.

[139] Adjutant-General, 1830–50.

[140] Donna Maria da Gloria, then aged about fourteen. She was the daughter of Dom Pedro, who had been proclaimed Emperor of Brazil in the lifetime of his father, John VI., and abdicated the throne of Portugal in favour of Donna Maria. Dom Miguel, a younger brother of Pedro, claimed the throne. Pedro had designed a marriage between Donna Maria and Miguel, who in 1827 had been appointed Regent, but, having been himself driven from Brazil by a revolution, Pedro endeavoured to gain the throne decisively for his daughter. His second wife, now known as Duchess of Braganza, was sister to Augustus, Duke of Leuchtenberg, who at the age of twenty-five had married Donna Maria, then barely sixteen, and died two months later. See p. 110.

[141] The death of Ferdinand without male issue caused a disputed succession in Spain. His brother Don Carlos relied on the Salic Law as established by the Pragmatic Sanction of 1711, which Ferdinand had revoked. Don Carlos and Dom Miguel subsequently entered into an alliance, while the young Queens Maria and Isabella mutually recognised each other, and were supported by England and France.

[142] William Charles Macready (1793–1851), afterwards successively manager of Covent Garden and Drury Lane Theatres.

[143] An actress, and mother of Helen Faucit.

[144] Benjamin Webster, an excellent and humorous comedian from about 1819 to 1874.

[145] Frances Maria Kelly (1790–1882), for many years a popular favourite at Drury Lane, and a friend of Charles and Mary Lamb.

[146] This was the first of many Foreign Orders received by Queen Victoria. They have been carefully collected and arranged by King George and Queen Mary, and are displayed in Queen Mary’s audience room in Windsor Castle.

[147] Lady Theresa Fox-Strangways, elder daughter of the third Earl of Ilchester, afterwards wife of the ninth Lord Digby.

[148] Afterwards Lady Ebury. Sister of the first Earl Cowley. See p. 50.

[149] Giulia Grisi (1815–69) made her début at Florence, aged fourteen. Théophile Gautier said of her that under her spell what was only an opera became a tragedy and a poem. She first appeared in London in 1834. She was afterwards married to the Count of Candia (Mario).

[150] Henry Stephen, third Earl (1787–1812).

[151] Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg (1786–1851), uncle of the Prince Consort.

[152] Charles Emich, Prince Leiningen, son of the Duchess of Kent by her first husband, and half-brother of Princess Victoria.

[153] Emmanuel, Count Mensdorff-Pouilly (1777–1862), husband of Princess Sophia, eldest sister of the Prince Consort’s father and of the Duchess of Kent. An emigrant from France in 1793, he attained high rank in the Austrian service. His sons were intimate companions of the Prince Consort.

[154] Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (1784–1844), father of the Prince Consort.

[155] See ante, p. 49.

[156] Eldest daughter of Francis, first Marquess of Hastings, Lady of the Bedchamber to the Duchess of Kent. This unfortunate lady died in 1839.

[157] Charles, fifth Duke (1791–1860). As Lord March he is often mentioned in the Duke of Wellington’s correspondence. He was one of the very few male human beings ever alluded to by the Iron Duke in terms of affection. The Duchess was Caroline, daughter of the Marquess of Anglesey.

[158] George Henry (1760–1844), fourth Duke. An obscure Whig potentate.

[159] Charles, fifth Duke, but fourteenth Earl of Dorset, K.G. Master of the Horse in various Tory Administrations. On his death, unmarried, in 1843, his honours (including the Earldom of Middlesex) became extinct. A favourite of George IV. One of the first gentlemen jockeys. He and his brother Germaine were famous at Newmarket as race riders. He established Bibury races. He was of tiny physique, but smart, and a great favourite with ladies.

[160] William Harry, first Duke of Cleveland, of a new creation, a great-grandson in the male line of a daughter of Barbara Palmer, Duchess of Cleveland. He died in 1842, and his income was computed at £110,000 per annum. See ante, p. 68.

[161] Francis, second Marquess (1797–1876), who, three years later, brought to the Princess at Kensington the news of her accession. Lady Conyngham was a daughter of Lord Anglesey.

[162] Second son of William IV. and Mrs. Jordan. The eldest son was created Earl of Munster, 1831; the younger children (except those who had attained higher rank by marriage) were granted the style of younger children of a marquess. Lady Frederick was a daughter of the Earl of Glasgow.

[163] William Basil Percy (1796–1865), seventh Earl of Denbigh, Chamberlain to Queen Adelaide.

[164] Lady Sophia Fitzclarence, daughter of William IV. She married Sir Philip Sidney, afterwards created Lord De l’Isle and Dudley of Penshurst.

[165] Emily, sister of the second Lord Auckland.

[166] See ante, p. 69.

[167] Edward, fourth son of the first Earl Beauchamp.

[168] Afterwards Sir Charles Wood (1800–85) and first Viscount Halifax. Married the daughter of Charles, Earl Grey. He served in many administrations; finally as Secretary of State for India and Lord Privy Seal. A typical Whig statesman of high probity and wisdom.

[169] See ante, p. 86.

[170] Charlotte, daughter of Robert Adamson of Westmeath and wife of Sir Godfrey Vassal Webster, of Battle Abbey, formerly M.P. for Sussex. Sir Godfrey’s mother, Elizabeth Vassal, eloped from her husband with Lord Holland, and was the famous “Old Madagascar” of Holland House coteries.

[171] He was made a baronet in 1838 for this act. See post, p. 355.

[172] William Frederick (1776–1834), second Duke, was the son of William Henry, first Duke, by Maria, Countess-Dowager Waldegrave, illegitimate daughter of Edward Walpole, a younger son of the great Minister. The Duke was an inoffensive man of quiet and mild disposition, familiarly known as “Silly Billy.” He married his cousin, Princess Mary, daughter of George III. He was proud of his rank, but of little else. See ante, p. 65.

[173] Brother of the Duchess of Braganza. See ante, p. 86.

[174] Princess Elizabeth (1770–1840), daughter of George III., widow of Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg. This Princess settled down into an atmosphere of venerated old age at Homburg. A statue was recently erected there and unveiled by the German Emperor to commemorate her virtues.

[175] Emma Sophia, daughter of the second Earl of Mount Edgecumbe, second wife of John, first Earl Brownlow.

[176] Daughter of William IV. Her husband had been raised to the Peerage in Jan. 1835. See ante, p. 99.

[177] Another daughter of William IV., wife of Lucius, tenth Viscount Falkland.

[178] Richard William Penn (1796–1870), first Earl Howe, Chamberlain to Queen Adelaide. He was believed to have encouraged her in inciting the King against the Ministry of Lord Grey.

[179] William Basil Percy, seventh Earl of Denbigh. See ante, p. 99.

[180] Adelaide Cottage, built for Queen Adelaide, but never occupied by her except as a tea-house. It has been used ever since by successive Sovereigns for a similar purpose. The Cottage stands surrounded by charming gardens in the eastern corner of the private grounds of Windsor Castle.

[181] Luigi Lablache (1794–1858), a first-rate comedian and the finest bass singer of his time. He made his début in London in 1830, in Cimarosa’s opera Il Matrimonio Segreto. He taught Princess Victoria singing, and of all her teachers he was the favourite.

[182] Michael (afterwards Sir Michael) Costa, for many years the conductor of the orchestra at Covent Garden. His musical taste was considerable, but he was famous for his dominating personality, the hauteur of his demeanour, and above all for the perfect fit of his spotless white gloves.

[183] General Sir Frederick Trench had served in Sicily and in the Walcheren expedition, and was afterwards Aide-de-Camp to George IV. He was M.P. for Scarborough at this time. A man of discernment and taste. He advocated a scheme for making an embankment along the Thames from Charing Cross to Blackfriars. He was half a century ahead of his contemporaries!

[184] Augusta, youngest daughter of the Landgrave Frederick of Hesse. She was married to H.R.H. the Duke of Cambridge in 1818. “I am the happiest of men,” wrote the Duke to Lady Harcourt from Cassel, soon after his engagement, and he added, “The Princess is really everything both as to heart, mind and person that I could wish.” There never was a happier marriage. This Princess was the mother of George, Duke of Cambridge, Commander-in-Chief of the British Armies, of the Dowager Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and of Princess Mary, Duchess of Teck. She was the grandmother of Queen Mary, and died, regretted by all, in 1889.

[185] Joseph Goodall (1760–1840), Provost of Eton for thirty-one years. An excellent but obscure scholar. It was his misfortune to be the nominal superior of Dr. Keate. He had the temerity on one occasion at Windsor, in the presence of William IV., to tell Sir Henry Halford, who was vain of his scholarship and fond of quoting Latin, that he ought to be whipped for having made a false quantity.

[186] Dr. Hawtrey (1789–1862), Headmaster of Eton for 18 years, he then presided over the college as Provost for another 10. A profound and elegant scholar, a man of lofty ideals, intrepid soul and warm heart, he raised the tone of masters and boys by sheer force of his delightful personality. He doubled the numbers of the school as well as its efficiency and influence.

[187] Countess Mensdorff was the sister of the Duchess of Kent, a Princess of Saxe-Coburg. See ante, p. 95.

[188] Grand Duchess Marie, daughter of the Emperor Paul I. of Russia, married Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, in 1804.

[189] Dr. Charles James Blomfield (1786–1857), a fine scholar, and a Bishop of unusual administrative capacity. His influence in the Church of England, both as Bishop of Chester and Bishop of London, was second to none, until the day of his retirement in 1856. He died at Fulham Palace in August 1857.

[190] She married in 1856 Duke Frederick of Schleswig-Holstein, and was the mother of the present German Empress.

[191] Fanny Kemble, daughter of Charles Kemble, the actor, after attaining considerable success on the stage in England, went to America, and in 1834 married Pierce Butler. In 1835 she published an indiscreet journal which had considerable success.

[192] Edward Vernon-Harcourt (1757–1847), Archbishop of York, was the third son of the first Lord Vernon. He assumed his mother’s name of Harcourt on succeeding to the family estates of Stanton Harcourt and Nuneham Courtenay. He married Anne, third daughter of first Marquess of Stafford. A most sumptuous prelate. He was the grandfather of Sir William Vernon Harcourt, M.P.

[193] Daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Granville Harcourt, and wife of Montagu, Lord Norreys, M.P. for Oxfordshire, afterwards sixth Earl of Abingdon.

[194] Sir John, second Baronet (1799–1869), father of Lord Derwent. His wife was Louise, second daughter of Archbishop Harcourt.

[195] George Granville Harcourt, M.P. for Oxfordshire and eldest son of the Archbishop. His first wife was Elizabeth, daughter of the second Earl of Lucan. She died in 1838, and in 1847 Mr. Harcourt married Lady Waldegrave, the well-known and much-liked chatelaine of Strawberry Hill. The last of the great Ladies (she was the daughter of John Braham, the singer) who knew how to combine hospitality with fine political and social discernment.

[196] See p. 135.

[197] Owner of Newstead Abbey, bought from Lord Byron in 1818.

[198] Matthew Camidge, organist at York Minster 1799–1842. For five generations the family of Camidge supplied organists in the county of York.

[199] She afterwards married Major-General George A. Malcolm, C.B.

[200] At Nuneham there is a snuff-box, inset with diamonds, given by Queen Victoria to Col. Francis Harcourt, and engraved “for services rendered to her while still at Kensington.”

[201] Rev. William Harcourt (1789–1871), Canon of York. He inherited the Harcourt estates and was the father of Sir William Vernon Harcourt, M.P. His wife was Matilda Mary, daughter of Col. W. Gooch.

[202] Rev. Charles Harcourt, Canon of Carlisle.

[203] Albert Joseph Goblet, Count d’Alviella, a Belgian officer of distinction much esteemed by King Leopold. He was often a guest of M. Van de Weyer, and was well known in London Society. When sent as Belgian Minister to Berlin, the King of Prussia refused to receive him on the ground that he had deserted the King of Holland.

[204] General Comte Baudrand (1774–1848). Originally intended for the Bar, he became, by choice, a soldier, and served with distinction in Italy under the Republic, and under Napoleon at Waterloo he was Chief of Staff of the Army of the North. After the Restoration he was appointed Governor of the Prince Royal, with whom he paid many visits to England.

[205] Afterwards Sir James Clark (1788–1870). He was physician to Princess Charlotte and Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg, and afterwards to the Duchess of Kent and Princess Victoria. He was not only the Queen’s most trusted physician, but an adviser and friend. He recommended Balmoral to the Queen and the Prince as their Highland home. He attended the Prince during his last hours.

[206] This room was in later years the room of Princess Mary, now H.M. the Queen. It forms part of the Palace temporarily appropriated to the London Museum, and is dedicated to the relics of Queen Victoria’s childhood. In this room Queen Mary was born.

[207] The partitions were taken down after the accession of King Edward, and the great gallery restored to the condition in which it was left by William III.

[208] Now occupied as a sitting-room by Princess Henry of Battenberg.

[209] When King Louis Philippe was Duc d’Orléans his eldest son was Duc de Chartres, and the earlier name survived. In later years the Comte de Paris’ younger brother became Duc de Chartres. See p. 72.

[210] Prince Ferdinand was nephew of the Duchess of Kent (the son of her brother Ferdinand), and was married to Maria da Gloria, Queen of Portugal. Their sons Pedro V. and Luis both succeeded to the Throne. Count Lavradio had been sent to Coburg to negotiate the alliance.

[211] Mrs. Anderson was Princess Victoria’s music-mistress. She was a pupil of Felix Mendelssohn’s, and a most beautiful musician. She taught music to all the Queen’s children and died between 1870 and 1880. Her husband was for many years “Master of the Queen’s Musick,” i.e. Private Band.

[212] Fieschi had attempted to assassinate King Louis Philippe.

[213] Ernest (born 1789), brother of the reigning Landgrave.

[214] Son of Count Pozzo di Borgo, Russian Ambassador. This diplomatist was born in Corsica in 1768, and he began life as a Corsican Deputy to the National Assembly. Agent of the Holy Alliance in Europe, he was the most ardent advocate of the Legitimist cause in France. His talents were remarkable, and his causerie was much appreciated in London society.

[215] Henry, Earl of Lincoln (1811–64), afterwards fifth Duke of Newcastle, a Peelite and Secretary for War during the campaign in the Crimea. He was a holder of other high posts in the Government. An able man, but no one except Mr. Gladstone ever thought him capable of holding the highest. His father returned Mr. Gladstone for his close borough of Newark. Lady Lincoln was a daughter of the tenth Duke of Hamilton, and was divorced in 1850.

[216] William Carr Beresford (1770–1854), better known as Marshal Beresford, so called from his supreme command of Portuguese troops in the Peninsula, the hero of Albuera, the bloodiest battle of the war. Created Baron Beresford of Albuera and Dungarvan 1814, and Viscount in 1823. He married Louisa, widow of Thomas Hope of Deepdene.

[217] Daughter of third Earl of Dartmouth.

[218] Miss Joanna Baillie (1762–1851), a writer of many plays, now forgotten. She is remembered as a lady to whom Sir Walter Scott wrote freely. She resided at Hampstead, and was visited by many distinguished men of letters. Sir Walter edited, and Kemble acted, one of her plays.

[219] Charles Kemble (1775–1854), the youngest of the family whose chief ornament was Mrs. Siddons. A meritorious comedian.

[220] Helen Faucit was now nineteen, and had just made her debut as Julia in The Hunchback. The “Margaret” of the present occasion was her first original part. She married Mr. (afterwards Sir) Theodore Martin in 1851, and was as much esteemed by Queen Victoria for her womanly qualities as by the public for her impersonation of Rosalind. She died in 1898.

[221] George John Bennett, an actor never in the front rank. He was associated with Phelps throughout his long management of Sadler’s Wells, and played respectable parts.

[222] When, as Lady Martin, forty years later, she appeared as Rosalind on a special occasion, in the interests of charity, these characteristics were found to be unimpaired.

[223] Madame Vestris (1797–1856), daughter of Bartolozzi the engraver. She married at sixteen Armand Vestris, and secondly Charles Mathews. Her histrionic powers were not remarkable, but her reputation as a singer and producer of extravaganza stood high.

[224] Charles Mathews (1803–78), one of the most delightful comedians of all time. Destined for the Church, educated as an architect, he did not make his debut on the stage until he was thirty-two years old. He married Madame Vestris, and his Autobiography and Letters were edited by Charles Dickens.

[225] He was thirty-three years old.

[226] Priscilla, daughter of William, first Lord Maryborough and afterwards third Earl of Mornington, was the Duke of Wellington’s niece. Her husband, Lord Burghersh, was afterwards eleventh Earl of Westmorland.

[227] This room is now known as “the State Drawing-room.”

[228] Prince Ernest of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeldt. See p. 145.

[229] Anna Maria, wife of second Marquess of Ely. She was the daughter of Sir H. W. Dashwood, Bart. She died in 1857.

[230] See post, p. 297.

[231] A landscape painter.

[232] Olivia Cecilia, daughter of Charlotte, Baroness de Ros. She married (1833) Henry Richard Wellesley, afterwards first Earl Cowley and British Ambassador at Paris. She died in 1885.

[233] King Leopold used Stockmar for the purpose of educating Prince Ferdinand very much as he used him to train Prince Albert and Princess Victoria in the duties of a Sovereign. King Leopold believed that he had reduced the rules of Sovereignty to a science. See p. 196.

[234] In later years Queen Victoria used similar language about the Prince Consort. In her case it was not an altogether accurate description of the facts. Her dominant character occasionally asserted itself.

[235] His portrait by Winterhalter hangs among Queen Victoria’s “friends” in the ante-room to the Corridor at Windsor. See p. 114.

[236] Madame Malibran. See post, p. 168.

[237] This is the first indication in the Journals that Princess Victoria realised her future position. It is known that for many years knowledge of her possible accession to the Throne was withheld from her. When it was determined that she should be enlightened, a Family Tree was inserted by her governess between the pages of an English history. The child examined it minutely for some time, and turning to Baroness Lehzen said, “Then I shall be Queen.”

[238] Daughter of Lieut.-General Francis Grant and widow of Lord George Murray, Bishop of St. David’s and second son of the second Duke of Atholl.

[239] The mutiny and riots in Portugal were, it was contended, the outcome of the appointment of Prince Ferdinand as Commander-in-Chief. This appointment had been made on the advice of the Duc de Terceira, the Prime Minister. See ante, p. 144.

[240] See ante, p. 137.

[241] Madame Malibran (1808–36), daughter of Manuel Garcia. She was a distinguished singer and a woman of considerable talent. Her first husband was a French merchant, M. Malibran. At the time of her death she was married to M. de Bériot.

[242] He was translated to Durham in 1856. In 1860 he became Archbishop of York and in 1862 Primate of All England.

[243] Charlotte, daughter of the fifth Duke of Northumberland, widow of the third Earl of Ashburnham.

[244] Afterwards wife of the Rev. Algernon Wodehouse.

[245] Granville George (1786–1857), second Lord Radstock, Vice-Admiral of the Red.

[246] Charles Noel (1781–1866) had succeeded in his father’s lifetime to his mother’s barony of Barham. He was created Earl of Gainsborough in 1841. In 1833 he married his fourth wife, Frances, daughter of the third Earl of Roden, afterwards a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria.

[247] Hon. Edward Stopford, second son of third Earl of Courtown.

[248] Afterwards Napoleon III.

[249] The Queen had been led to believe that a counter-revolution would be popular, but the movement was a failure.

[250] The Rt. Hon. John Wilson Croker (1780–1857), M.P. for Downpatrick and Secretary to the Admiralty. Immortalised in Coningsby as “Mr. Rigby,” he has remained the type of malignant and meddling politician that Disraeli desired to expose. His title to respect is that he was one of the earliest contributors to The Quarterly Review, which was founded by John Murray in 1809.

[251] William Wemyss, afterwards Lieut.-General and Equerry to Queen Victoria.

[252] Second son of fifth Viscount Torrington, sometime a Commissioner in the Colonial Audit Office.

[253] A gipsy encampment.

[254] One of the gipsies.

[255] Sir John Malcolm’s Life of Clive, a biography now unreadable, but made famous by Macaulay, who took it as a peg upon which to hang his Essay.

[256] Richard James Lane (1800–72) had in 1829 made a well-known portrait of the Princess at ten years old. He was afterwards distinguished for his skill in lithography, reproducing many works of well-known artists. The portrait he was painting at this time now hangs in the Corridor at Windsor.

[257] Lady Blessington (1789–1849) was at the zenith of her career, editing Books of Beauty, writing novels, and entertaining celebrities at Gore House, Kensington. She was married when young and beautiful to Lord Blessington, an elderly and easy-going Peer, whose daughter by his first wife was the wife of Count d’Orsay. This unfortunate young woman was eclipsed in the affections of d’Orsay by her stepmother. After Lord Blessington’s death, d’Orsay and Lady Blessington presided over a brilliant salon at Kensington Gore, principally attended by the male sex. Lady Blessington recorded in several volumes her conversations with Byron. Disraeli, as a young man, flaunted his most elaborate waistcoats at Gore House.

[258] See ante, p. 99.

[259] Eldest daughter of third Earl of Courtown.

[260] Philip Henry, fourth Earl, and Lucy Catherine, daughter of Robert Low Carrington. Lady Wilhelmina married in 1843 Lord Dalmeny, by whom she had a son (the present Lord Rosebery) and three other children. After Lord Dalmeny’s death in 1851, she married in 1854 the fourth Duke of Cleveland. She was one of the Queen’s train-bearers at her Coronation. She died in May 1901.

[261] Daughter of the fifth Earl Cowper, and niece to Lord Melbourne. She afterwards married Lord Jocelyn. She was a great favourite with Queen Victoria. After the Queen’s marriage and her own marriage she became one of the Queen’s Ladies of the Bedchamber, and held that post till shortly before her (Lady Jocelyn’s) death.

[262] Third daughter of the first Earl of Verulam, and afterwards wife of the fourth Earl of Radnor. The three young ladies mentioned here were afterwards train-bearers elsewhere to Queen Victoria at her coronation.

[263] Daughter of Vice-Admiral Josceline Percy, and afterwards wife of Colonel Charles Bagot.

[264] Marie, Countess of Blebelsberg, born 1806, married Prince Charles of Leiningen (see p. 95). She died 1880.

[265] Colonel Sibthorp, the eccentric member for Lincoln, whose personal appearance was much satirised in Punch.

[266] Afterwards Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton and Lord Lytton of Knebworth. He was distinguished as a writer of novels that enjoyed a great vogue, and as a genuine man of letters. His abilities were of a far higher order than his writing. His ability was his own, but he wrote for the public. He earned a considerable fortune by his pen. For a time he chose to be a politician, and was Secretary for the Colonies in Lord Derby’s Government. His marriage was famous for its failure. His son Robert was Viceroy of India, Ambassador in Paris, and a poet of more than average merit.

[267] Grandson of the twelfth Duke of Norfolk who died in 1842. He succeeded as fourteenth Duke and died in 1860.

[268] Son of Prince Paul Esterhazy, Austrian Ambassador. See p. 77.

[269] Charles (1815–88), afterwards sixth Duke of Rutland, K.G.; he died unmarried. A man of grim manners but not unkindly heart.

[270] Arthur Richard (1807–84), afterwards second Duke of Wellington, K.G. Almost better known by his courtesy title of Lord Douro. Had he not been the son of the Great Duke, his uncommon talents might have earned for him a career of distinction. In appearance he singularly resembled his august father, and late in life he was addicted to a style of costume which led people to say that he wore his father’s old clothes. He, however, possessed a pretty wit.

[271] John William (1811–84), seventh Earl of Sandwich, afterwards Master of the Buckhounds.

[272] Thomas Henry, fourth Lord Foley (1808–69).

[273] Louisa, a daughter of the sixth Duke of Bedford, married James, second Marquess and first Duke of Abercorn. This Duke and his Duchess are generally thought to have been meant by the “Duke” and “Duchess” in Lord Beaconsfield’s novel Lothair.

[274] The three remarkable Sheridan sisters (granddaughters of R. B. Sheridan, the dramatist) were Lady Seymour (afterwards Duchess of Somerset and Queen of Beauty at the Eglinton Tournament), Lady Dufferin (the Mrs. Blackwood mentioned above), and Mrs. Norton. They possessed in an uncommon degree the gift of beauty inherited from Miss Linley, their grandmother, and gifts of mind inherited from Sheridan. Not only Mrs. Norton, but also Lady Dufferin, wrote verse and prose with distinction. Stuart of Dunleath, a novel by Mrs. Norton, was much and justly admired. She inspired George Meredith with the conception of Diana of the Crossways.

[275] Baron Stockmar. See p. 196.

[276] Dr. Howley. See ante, p. 68.

[277] Second Marquess. See ante, p. 98.

[278] Baron Christian Stockmar (1787–1863), physician to Prince Leopold, and subsequently his confidential agent. He abandoned medicine for statecraft, in which he became an expert. He was entrusted by King Leopold to superintend the education of Prince Albert and guide Queen Victoria, both of which services he performed with consummate tact and integrity. He was their devoted friend and counsellor to the end of his life. See ante, p. 154.

[279] William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne (1779–1848), was at this time Prime Minister and fifty-eight years old.

[280] Ernest Augustus (1771–1851), fifth son of George III. He was considered unscrupulous, and was certainly most unpopular in this country. He now succeeded William IV. as King of Hanover. Although of autocratic temperament, he granted his subjects a democratic constitution, much to their surprise.

[281] Augustus Frederick (1773–1843), sixth son of George III. His marriage to Lady Augusta Murray was declared void under the Royal Marriages Act. He had by her two children, Sir Augustus d’Este and Mlle. d’Este (afterwards wife of Lord Chancellor Truro). He married, secondly, Lady Cecilia Buggin (née Gore, daughter of the Earl of Arran), and to her was granted the title of Duchess of Inverness.

[282] Henry William Paget, first Marquess of Anglesey (1768–1854). Commanded the Cavalry at Waterloo. When a round shot tore between him and the Duke of Wellington, he turned to the Duke and said, “By God! I have lost my leg,” and the Duke replied, “By God! I believe you have.” This conversation sums up the two men. Lord Anglesey was a Field-Marshal and Viceroy of Ireland, where he displayed a tendency to liberal ideas that were not considered in accordance with his profession or station. There was never a more gallant soldier, and he “had not a fold in his character.”

[283] Chancellor of the Exchequer. An intelligent politician and responsible for the adoption of the penny post. He was anxious for the Speakership, but failed to win the fancy of the House of Commons. He passed to the House of Lords as Lord Monteagle in 1839 and died in 1866.

[284] James, first Lord Wharncliffe. A Yorkshire magnate and Member of Parliament. Created a Peer 1826. See ante, p. 54.

[285] Alexander Baring, first Lord Ashburton (1774–1848). President of the Board of Trade in Lord Grey’s Administration.

[286] Sir William Draper Best (1767–1845), first Lord Wynford, formerly Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.

[287] A distinguished soldier, at this time Lieut.-General and Master of the Ordnance. M.P. for Windsor. Afterwards created Lord Vivian (1841).

[288] Charles Grant, first and only Lord Glenelg (1778–1866), at this time Secretary for the Colonies. Three years before he had been proposed as Governor-General of India, but his nomination was rejected by the Board of Directors.

[289] Afterwards Lord Sydenham (1799–1841). At this time President of the Board of Trade. In 1839 he was appointed Governor-General of Canada. He died there, aged forty-one, from a fall from his horse.

[290] Henry George, afterwards third Earl Grey (1802–94), at this time Secretary-at-War and Colonial Secretary. An honest and fearless statesman, but a difficult colleague.

[291] Gilbert, second Earl of Minto (1782–1859), First Lord of the Admiralty. In 1832 he had been sent on a special mission to Berlin “to mollify the King of Prussia.” This type of mission has always been popular with the Whigs.

[292] Daughter of George III. She lived at Frogmore and at Clarence House. See ante, p. 61.

[293] Robert Cutlar Ferguson had been counsel for one of the defendants in the trial of Arthur O’Connor and others for treason at Maidstone in 1798. O’Connor was acquitted, but the presence in Court of Bow Street runners to arrest him on a second charge caused a scene of much confusion, one consequence being the prosecution of Cutlar Ferguson, Lord Thanet, and others for an attempted rescue. Ferguson was imprisoned for a year and fined £100. Upon his liberation he went to Calcutta, where he established himself in large and lucrative practice. He died in 1838.

[294] Lord John Russell (1792–1878) was at this time forty-five years old. Home Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons. He was at the height of his combative powers as a Parliamentarian, and his zeal for Whig doctrine at home and Liberal statesmanship abroad was undiminished.

[295] Private Secretary to William IV.

[296] Lady C. Jenkinson, daughter of the Earl of Liverpool. See p. 46.

[297] Anna Maria, daughter of the third Earl of Harrington.

[298] Louisa Fox-Strangways, daughter of the second Earl of Ilchester.

[299] He had been executor to the Queen’s father. One of her first acts was to discharge the debts contracted by the Duke of Kent, which the Duchess had never been able to pay off. See ante, p. 69.

[300] Colonel the Hon. H. F. C. Cavendish (1789–1873), son of Lord Burlington. Clerk-Marshal to the Queen. Married as his second wife Frances Susan, sister of Lord Durham.

[301] Queen Adelaide, the Queen Dowager, a Princess of the House of Saxe-Meiningen. Her attitude towards the young Queen was absolutely perfect, in its simple dignity and freedom from every taint of envy.

[302] Georgina Howard, daughter of the sixth Earl of Carlisle.

[303] Anne, wife of Francis William, second Earl of Charlemont.

[304] Second son of the fourth Duke of Grafton.

[305] George Byng, afterwards second Earl of Strafford.

[306] Lord Durham, by his charming manners, had overcome certain prejudice which had been felt in St. Petersburg on his appointment. He was exceedingly popular with the Emperor. He returned to England, it was said, “a greater aristocrat than ever.” See ante, p. 81.

[307] Lord Mulgrave was created Marquess of Normanby in 1838. A member of Lord Melbourne’s Administration in 1834, he was sent to Ireland as Viceroy, and then returned to the Cabinet as Secretary of State. While the Whigs were in office he was never without a place. He was subsequently Ambassador in Paris, and under Lord Palmerston supported Napoleon III. through the stormy days of the coup d’état.

[308] Lady Mulgrave was Maria Liddell, eldest daughter of the first Lord Ravensworth. She had married, in 1818, the second Earl of Mulgrave, who was created Marquess of Normanby in 1838. See p. 205.

[309] Sarah, daughter of the second Earl Spencer and widow of the third Lord Lyttelton. Afterwards Lady Superintendent to the Princess Royal and the Prince of Wales and the other Princes and Princesses. A shrewd observer and a woman of fine judgment and high ideals.

[310] There is no record of any previous Sovereign wearing the robes of the Bath on such an occasion. Certainly they have never been worn since. A little later in her reign the Queen was always reluctant to exchange the red ribbon of the Bath for the blue ribbon of the Garter. By the advice of Lord Melbourne, however, she was in the habit of wearing the red ribbon when holding an investiture of the Order.

[311] He had just been created Earl of Yarborough. Lady Charlotte was the wife of Sir Joseph Copley. He died in 1846.

[312] The Queen always retained a strong sentiment for Kensington Palace. Part of the old building had been condemned by the Office of Works to be pulled down, but the Queen refused her sanction. During the last year of her reign the Queen made an arrangement with Lord Salisbury and Sir M. Hicks-Beach that, in consideration of Her Majesty giving up the use of Bushey House and the Ranger’s House at Greenwich, the Government should purchase and place at her disposal Schomberg House, and should restore Kensington Palace. Parliament voted £36,000 for this purpose, on the understanding that the State Rooms should be opened to the public.

[313] Louisa, daughter of the thirteenth Viscount Dillon, afterwards wife of Sir Spencer Ponsonby Fane.

[314] These are the rooms now occupied by Queen Mary. The “audience” room opened out of the sitting-room.

[315] Hon. Harriet Elizabeth Pitt, younger daughter of the third Lord Rivers. She married in 1841 Charles Dashwood Bruce, nephew of the Earl of Elgin.

[316] Mary Alicia Spring Rice, eldest daughter of the Chancellor of the Exchequer. She afterwards married James Garth Marshall of Headingley and Monk Coniston.

[317] President of the Board of Control. He had enjoyed the friendship of Byron, travelled with him, and was one of his executors. He was created Lord Broughton in 1851. His Recollections of a Long Life, edited by his daughter, Lady Dorchester, throw much light on the political events of his time. He was so strong a partisan that his judgments of statesmen and political events have to be treated with reservations; but he was a type of politician, cultivated, independent, conscientious, and high-minded, that is becoming rarer as constituencies become less fastidious.

[318] The Queen invariably saw her Ministers in an “audience” room and never in her private sitting-room. An exception was made in the case of Lord Melbourne, the Prime Minister.

[319] See ante, p. 53.

[320] George William, sixth Duke of Argyll, son of John fifth Duke, and his wife, one of the beautiful Gunning sisters, Elizabeth, widow of the sixth Duke of Hamilton. This lady was created Baroness Hamilton in her own right, and her husband was also accorded a barony of Great Britain, thus entitling him to a seat in Parliament.

[321] Fourth son of the fourth Duke of Marlborough; a Captain, R.N. Died at Macao in 1840.

[322] Sigismund Thalberg (1812–71) was now in the full flood of success. He wrote many fantasias on operatic themes, e.g. on Robert le Diable, Zampa, etc. In 1845 he married a widow, the daughter of Lablache. As a composer he never succeeded in emulating his success as a pianist. Later in life he abandoned music, and became a professional vine-grower.

[323] Edward Pery Buckley, afterwards General and M.P. See p. 327.

[324] Alexis, Count Orloff, famous both as general and diplomatist. He had fought in the war of 1829 against Turkey, and signed the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829. He had been sent to enlist English sympathies for Holland as against Belgium in 1832. He also was a signatory of the important treaty of Unkiar Skelessi, and represented Russia in the Congress of Paris in 1856.

[325] Lady Salisbury was Frances Mary, daughter and heir of Bamber Gascoyne, grandson of Sir Crisp Gascoyne, Lord Mayor of London 1752. He was the first Lord Mayor who occupied the Mansion House.

[326] Afterwards an intimate counsellor of the Emperor of Austria, Hereditary Great Chamberlain, and President of the Council.

[327] See ante, p. 192: note on the Sheridan sisters.

[328] Wife of Duke Bernard of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, younger brother of Grand Duke Charles Frederick. See p. 125.

[329] At Marlborough House.

[330] Caroline Fanny, daughter of Colonel Cavendish. Maid-of-honour, and Extra Woman of the Bedchamber.

[331] Caroline Margaret, Maid-of-honour, eldest daughter of John, afterwards second Earl Somers. She subsequently married Canon Courtenay, one of the Queen’s chaplains.

[332] Princess Cecile of Sweden, third wife of Grand Duke Augustus of Oldenbourg.

[333] See ante, p. 69.

[334] See ante, p. 145.

[335] King William I., who succeeded his father, Frederic, in 1816.

[336] George, seventh Viscount, a Lord-in-waiting.

[337] Wife of M. de Mérode, who was First Minister in Belgium and a faithful friend to King Leopold.

[338] Lord Broughton (Sir John Hobhouse), in his Reminiscences, refers to this game of chess, and to the slight confusion there was between “the two Queens on the board and the two Queens at the table.”

[339] Sir Jeffrey Wyatt (1766–1840), the architect, whose most important work was the transformation of Windsor Castle, including the addition of thirty feet to the height of the Round Tower. The principal feature of this work is the solid and “fortress-like” appearance, which is conspicuous in the Castle. His name had been originally Wyatt, but George IV., after laying the foundation-stone of the new work, sanctioned the curious addition of “ville” to the surname. Although he was an architect of considerable technical skill, his powers of destructiveness were quite remarkable. He hardly left a stone of Windsor Castle unturned.

[340] Equerry to the Queen, son of the first Marquess of Anglesey by his second marriage with Lady Charlotte Cadogan. Sometime M.P. for Lichfield and Clerk-Marshal of the Royal Household. Lord Broughton described him as “a handsome Calmuck-looking young fellow.”

[341] Prince Aloysius Joseph de Lichtenstein succeeded his father, Jean Joseph, in 1836.

[342] George Villiers (1800–70), British Plenipotentiary at Madrid. In 1838 he became fourth Earl of Clarendon, was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in critical times, 1847–52, and afterwards, with great distinction, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1853, again in 1865 and in 1868. He was not a statesman of very original mind, or of great initiative, but he was honest and prudent and highly regardful of his country’s interests. His manners were delightful and his conversation varied with anecdotes and punctuated by wit. He was one of the principal attractions in London society during the first half of the nineteenth century.

[343] This picture hangs in the Corridor at Windsor Castle. The likenesses are excellent, but the artist has painted the Queen in a white dress, whereas she wore black. The actual dress worn by the Queen is now exhibited in the London Museum at Kensington.

[344] Matilda Susannah, daughter of Hon. Berkeley Paget, fifth son of the first Earl of Uxbridge. She was a Maid of Honour to the Queen, and died in 1871.

[345] Princess Marie of Orleans, daughter of King Louis Philippe. See ante, p. 78.

[346] These rooms, partly remodelled and redecorated, are now occupied by Queen Mary. Up to the death of Queen Victoria no material change was made in them. In 1901 they were much altered, although the main features remain as before.

[347] Sir Moses Montefiore (1784–1885), created a baronet in 1846. His life, prolonged for over a hundred years, was one of flawless generosity and personal kindness to the poor and afflicted of his own race, especially in the eastern provinces of Russia and in Turkey. He obtained consideration for poor Jews from the Russian and Turkish Governments, and his seven pilgrimages to Jerusalem were all undertaken with a view to improving the questionable lot of the Chosen People.

[348] Princess Augusta of Cambridge. See Vol. II., p. 150.

[349] Princess Mary, afterwards Duchess of Teck.

[350] Henry, fourth Duke. He had been so strenuous an opponent of the Reform Bill, that, after its rejection, a mob set fire to Nottingham Castle, his property. Mr. Gladstone was M.P. for Newark owing to the Duke’s influence, which was withdrawn in 1845 when Mr. Gladstone supported Peel on the Corn Laws.

[351] Robert Edward, second son of the second Earl of Kingston, born 1773. He was a Lieut.-General and was created Viscount Lorton in the Irish peerage in 1806. He was a Representative Peer.

[352] See ante, p. 188.

[353] Second daughter of Lord Ilchester, afterwards wife of Sir Edward Clarence Kerrison.

[354] Lady Emily Cowper. She married Lord Ashley, afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury. She, her sister Lady Fanny, and her brothers Spencer Cowper and William Cowper (afterwards Cowper-Temple), were children of the fifth Earl Cowper, whose wife, a sister of Lord Melbourne, married, secondly, Lord Palmerston in 1839. Spencer Cowper married the widow of Count d’Orsay, the step-daughter of Lady Blessington.

[355] Edward Sugden (1781–1875). Afterwards Lord St. Leonards, and Lord Chancellor in the Derby Administration of 1852. A dry but efficient lawyer, an excellent interpreter of any man’s Will but his own, which was disputed.

[356] Henry Hunt had been a great agitator, notably in the years 1816–20. He was elected for Preston in 1830.

[357] Lord Brougham, not having been included in the second Administration of Lord Melbourne, was unsparing in his criticisms of his old colleagues. As Lord Melbourne once pointed out in reply to one of Brougham’s brilliant attacks, the reasons for excluding Lord Brougham from any Ministry must have been very grave, if measured by the obvious reasons for including him.

[358] George, third Lord Boston (1777–1869).

[359] Frederick, second Lord Boston (1749–1825).

[360] Daughter of the second Earl of Chichester; married in October 1837 to the Rev. and Hon. L. J. Barrington.

[361] Lady Melbourne was a daughter of Sir Ralph Milbanke, and William Lamb was her favourite son. When Peniston, her eldest son, died, she encouraged William to devote himself to politics and to abandon the Bar.

[362] The Canadian question was one of the most difficult of the early years of the Queen’s reign. Upper and Lower Canada were totally dissimilar in race, tradition, and natural position. Lower Canada was peopled mainly by French Roman Catholics, Upper Canada by Scottish Protestants, and the mode of Government in both was as cumbrous and inappropriate as it could well be, and afforded unquestionable ground for grievance on the part of the inhabitants. In 1836 a rebellion broke out in the Lower Province headed by Papineau, who had been Speaker of the Assembly. This was followed by an insurrection in the Upper Province, which was quelled in a striking and almost quixotic manner by Sir Francis Head, the Governor, who, dismissing all his regular troops to the Lower Province, trusted to the people to put down the malcontents, and succeeded. Lord Durham was sent out in 1838 as High Commissioner and Governor-General. His report on the proper method of administering the Colony is historical, and ultimately formed the basis of settlement. His acts were not approved by the Whig Government and were annulled by them. He anticipated his recall by resigning and coming home before the end of 1838.

[363] Charles, second son of Lord Grey, the ex-Premier. He was Equerry to the Queen, and had a year or two earlier defeated Disraeli at the High Wycombe election. He became Private Secretary to Prince Albert and later to the Queen. He spent all the years of his life in the Queen’s service, and was always helpful, wise, and unbiassed in the advice he tendered her. The present Earl Grey, Lady Victoria Dawnay, Lady Antrim, and Lady Minto are his surviving children. Many good judges considered his abilities of a higher order than those of his father.

[364] Lady Caroline Ponsonby, daughter of the third Earl of Bessborough, a lady of eccentric mind and habits. She was thrown off her mental and moral balance by her acquaintance with Lord Byron, not perhaps so surprising as the fact that she never recovered either even after Byron’s death.

[365] Lord Melbourne’s brother, afterwards Lord Beauvale, Ambassador Extraordinary at Vienna. As a diplomatist he was irreproachable, handsome, agreeable, and adroit. In private life he was not altogether sans reproche. Without his brother William’s literary acquirements, and with less sarcasm and pungent wit, he yet had a vigorous understanding, much information, and no little capacity for affairs. At sixty years of age, and in broken health, he married a very young lady, the daughter of Count Maltzahn, the Prussian Minister at Vienna.

[366] Henry Richard, third Lord Holland of the 1762 creation, was Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Under the auspices of his wife, Holland House, Kensington, was for many years the Zoar of weary Whig politicians. See ante, p. 101, note.

[367] Amelia, daughter of the Grand Duke of Oldenbourg, married to Otho I., King of Greece.

[368] Uncle of the Emperor.

[369] Nicholas I., reigned 1826–55.

[370] Ferdinand I., born in 1793, succeeded his father, Francis I., in 1835. He was brother to Napoleon’s second wife, Marie Louise.

[371] Charles, fourth Earl of Harrington, married Maria, daughter of Samuel Foote the actor.

[372] William, first Earl of Craven, married Louisa, an undistinguished actress, daughter of John Brunton of Norwich.

[373] Edward, twelfth Earl of Derby, married Elizabeth Farren, a Haymarket actress of considerable beauty and charm.

[374] Afterwards Field-Marshal and first Lord Seaton. He was one of Wellington’s generals in the Peninsula and at Waterloo. He was Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, and on Lord Durham’s recall was nominated to succeed him.

[375] Lord Francis Egerton was the second son of George Granville, first Duke of Sutherland. The immense fortune of Francis, third and last Duke of Bridgewater (the father of English inland navigation and, in conjunction with Brindley, constructor of the canal which bears his name) was devised to the first Duke of Sutherland for life, and thereafter to Lord Francis, who on attaining possession assumed the surname of Egerton, in lieu of Leveson-Gower. A “condition subsequent” tending to divest the property in a certain event was decided to be opposed to “public policy.” Lord Francis was created Earl of Ellesmere in 1846.

[376] Lady Falkland. Amelia Fitzclarence, daughter of William IV. See ante, p. 113.

[377] Edward Berkeley Portman, representative of an old Dorsetshire and Somersetshire family, was created Baron Portman in 1837. In 1827 he married Emma, third daughter of the Earl of Harewood, who was at this time one of the Ladies of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria.

[378] This high Constitutional doctrine was certain to meet with the approval of a Whig like Lord Melbourne. It has been the secret of ministerial responsibility and of executive power in the Constitution of this country, and its working has been admired by many foreign observers.

[379] Baron Alexander von Munchausen, a Hanoverian diplomatist, was then about twenty-five. He was not the hero of a celebrated romance.

[380] That the Queen always retained a sentiment for her dolls may be realised from the care with which they were preserved. They are exhibited in the London Museum at Kensington, arranged and ticketed with the names given to them by Princess Victoria.

[381] Letitia, wife of Sir Hussey (afterwards Lord) Vivian. The child Lalage married, in 1857, Henry Hyde Nugent Bankes, son of the Right Hon. George Bankes.

[382] See ante, p. 73.

[383] Mr. (afterwards Rt. Hon.) John Arthur Roebuck. A Liberal “free lance,” who earned the sobriquet of “Tear-’em.” Lord John Russell had brought in a Bill for suspending the Constitution of Canada, and Mr. Roebuck, who was not at the time in Parliament, claimed to be heard at the bar of both Houses as agent for the Lower Province. He made a very able but bitter speech.