«Римское общество от Нерона до Марка Аврелия»

1126.Ov. Trist. ii. 196; iii. 2, 21, Roma domusque subit, desideriumque locorum; cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 7, 28.1127.Mart. xii. Praef. illam judiciorum subtilitatem, illud materiarum ingenium, bibliothecas, theatra, conventus, quasi destituti desideramus.1128.Juv. iii. 173 sqq.1129.Illustrations may be found in Plaut. Mil. Glor. 653; Captiv. 879; Trinum. 609; Bacch. 24; Cic. Phil. iii. 6, 15, videte quam despiciamur omnes qui sumus e municipiis, id est, omnes plane; Tac. Ann. iv. 3, seque ac majores et posteros municipali adultero foedabat.1130.Juv. x. 100; cf. Cic. post Red. in Sen. 17; Hor. S. i. 5, 34, Insani ridentes praemia scribae, etc.1131.Or. xiv. (223), 391, (Jebb. i. p. 223), μία δὲ αὔτη κατέχει ἔρις, ὅπως ἔτι καλλίστη καὶ ἡδίστη ἑκάστη φανείται· πάντα δὲ μεστὰ γυμνασίων, κρηνῶν, προπυλαίων, νεῶν, δημιουργίων, διδασκάλων.1132.Aristid. Or. xiv. (225), 393-4, ἡ γῆ πᾶσα οἷον παράδεισος ἐγκηκόσμηται.1133.Aelian, V. Hist. ix. 16, ᾤκησαν καὶ πόλεις τὴν Ἰταλίαν πάλαι ἑπτὰ καὶ ἐνηνήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν πρὸς ταῖς χιλίαις; Jos. B. J. ii. 16.1134.Arnold, Rom. Prov. Administration, p. 203.1135.H. N. iii. 4.1136.Momms. Rom. Prov. i. 73.1137.Ib. p. 168; Tac. Ann. i. 36; Marq. Röm. Staatsverw. i. 121; Bury, Rom. Emp. p. 83.1138.C. Theod. xiii. 3, 11.1139.Marq. Röm. St. i. 125.1140.Tac. Hist. i. 67; v. the dedication of a temple to Isis by a magistrate of Baden and his wife and daughter; Or. 457.1141.Marq. i. 155, in keiner andern Provinz lässt sich die Entwickelung der römischen Städteanlagen so genau verfolgen als in Dacien. Arnold, R. Prov. Admin. p. 205.1142.Or. Henz. 5287.1143.Vit. Soph. ii. 3.1144.Arnold, p. 205; Marq. i. 199.1145.Tac. Ann. iv. 55; Strab. xii. 578.1146.H. N. v. 60; Friedl. SG. iii. 110.1147.Aristid. Or. xiv. 223 (392), πόλις ἐγκαλλώπισμα τῆς ὑμετέρας γέγονεν ἡγεμονίας.1148.Cf. Victor, Vit. i. 7; v. 9; Friedl. SG. iii. 110; v. Migne, Patrol. Lat. t. lviii. 270, notitia Africae.1149.C.I.L. viii. 2355; Cagnat, L’Armée Rom. d’Afrique, p. 582; Boissier, L’Afr. Rom. p. 180.1150.Or. Henz. 5326.1151.Boissier, L’Afr. Rom. p. 187.1152.C.I.L. viii. 2388; Hieron. Ep. 107, § 1; Macrob. Sat. i, 2, 15.1153.C.I.L. viii. 2403; Suppl. ii. 17903; Suppl. i. 12058. This inscription, from an obscure place, shows how an original honorarium of HS. 1600 was finally increased by voluntary generosity to HS. 12,000.1154.Ib. 2341, 17838.1155.C.I.L. viii.; Suppl. ii. 17831.1156.Marq. Röm. St. i. 45; Bury, Rom. Emp. p. 77; Arnold, Rom. Prov. Admin. p. 210.1157.Or. Henz. 3720, 3800, 3801, 3056, 3057, 3804.1158.Tac. Ann. i. 15; Momms. Röm. St. ii. 1002; Duruy, v. pp. 336-346; Gréard, Plut. 221, 237; Plut. Reip. Ger. Pr. c. 17, 19. The first curatores civitatum are heard of in the reigns of Nerva and Trajan; cf. Marq. i. 510, n. 10.1159.Suet. Tib. 32; Tac. Ann. iv. 6; Suet. Nero, x.; Otho, iii. provinciam administravit moderatione singulari; Vitell. v. Vespasian had to increase burdens, Suet. xvi.; Tac. Hist. ii. 84; as to Trajan, cf. Plin. Paneg. 20; Suet. Dom. 8. Nero, it is true, is said to have encouraged plunder (Suet. Nero, 32; Plin. H. N. 18, 6). Yet the general prosperity was undisturbed, Boissier, L’Opp. 170; Arnold, Rom. Prov. Admin. 135; Gréard, Plut. 199.1160.See a crowd of inscriptions to Domitian and Commodus in remote places in Africa; cf. C.I.L. viii. 1016, 1019; 10570, 8702, in which Commodus is described as indulgentissimus princeps, etc.1161.Marq. Röm. St. i. 517 sq.; Arnold, p. 212.1162.Henz. iii. Ind. p. 156; Inscr. 2322, 6980, 4983; Marq. Röm. St. i. 477. There were consuls at Tusculum and Beneventum. But the grand style was ridiculed by Cicero, In Pis. xi. 24.1163.Tac. Ann. xiii. 31; xvi. 22, diurna per provincias, per exercitus curatius leguntur. Peter, Gesch. Litt. i. 212; Macé, Suétone, p. 191; Marq. Priv. i. 88; cf. C.I.L. viii. 11813; Lamprid. Com. 15.1164.Plin. Ep. ix. 11, 2; Mart. vii. 88.1165.Sen. Ep. 28, 104; Luc. Tox. 27; De Dips. 6; Philops. 33; Alex. 44; Epict. Dis. iii. 13.1166.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iii. 50, vi.; D. Chrys. Or. 36.1167.Hudemann, Gesch. des röm. Postwesens, p. 8 sq.; Marq. Röm. St. i. 417; Friedl. SG. ii. 8.1168.Or. Henz. 4093, 2413, 5163, 6983.1169.Suet. Jul. Caes. 57.1170.Plut. Galba, 7.1171.Mart. x. 104; cf. Hor. S. i. 5, 104.1172.Friedl. SG. ii. 12 sqq.1173.Aristid. Or. xxiv. 537; cf. Hor. S. i. 6, 105.1174.Sen. Ep. 123, § 7.1175.Cf. Suet. Nero, xliv. xxx.; Sen. Ep. 87, § 9; 123.1176.Plin. Ep. iii. 5, 15; cf. Suet. Claud. xxxiii.; Friedl. SG. ii. 19.1177.Apul. Met. i. 7; i. 17; Sidon. Apoll. Ep. viii. 11. Cf. Rom. Soc. in the Last Century of the Western Empire, p. 172 (1st ed.); Friedl. ii. 20.1178.Marq. Röm. St. i. 17, 199, 214, 317; Arnold, Prov. Adm. 203.1179.Arn. 205, 208; Marq. i. 114, 118.1180.Marq. i. 14.1181.Id. i. 155.1182.Boissier, L’Afr. Rom. p. 104.1183.See the history of this legion in Cagnat, L’Armée Rom. d’Afrique, p. 148 sqq. C.I.L. viii., Momms. Praef. xix. sq. The legion was first stationed at Thevesta.1184.Or. Henz. 5319; C.I.L. viii. 2532, 10048; v. Mommsen, p. 21. For the date of this visit, v. Cagnat, p. 154. Vit. Hadr. 12, 13.1185.Herodian, iii. 8; cf. Cagnat, p. 451.1186.C.I.L. viii. 2611; Or. Henz. 7408.1187.Cagnat, 365, 453; cf. C.I.L. viii. 3015.1188.Cagnat, 481-87; Marq. ii. 544.1189.Marq. Röm. St. i. 499; Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. 29; Plin. Ep. i. 19; Boissier, L’Afr. Rom. p. 195.1190.Or. Henz. 3721; Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. 30.1191.Or. Henz. 6989, 7001, 7199, ob duplam sportulam collatum sibi, 4020, 3703.1192.Hartmann, De Exilio, pp. 58 sq.; Duruy, Hist. Rom. vi. 643.1193.Or. Henz. 946, 3708.1194.Ib. 7192.1195.Or. Henz. 3703, 3706, 4009, 3937, 3704, 3725, 4020; Plin. Ep. x. 111; cf. Ohnesseit, De Jure Municip. 41.1196.Marq. Röm. St. i. 472.1197.Or. Henz. 7421; Lex Mal. §§ 53, 55.1198.Mau, 376, 388-89 (Tr.).1199.Claudium iivir. animula facit, C.I.L. iv. 425, 677, 644.1200.Petron. Sat. 45, ferrum optimum daturus est, sine fuga, carnarium in medio, etc.1201.The title of the highest magistracy varied a good deal: cf. Marq. Röm. St. i. 475, 89, Or. Henz. iii. Ind. 154.1202.Marq. i. 485; Henz. Ind. p. 157. Often described as iivir quinquennalis, or iivir censoria potestate quinq. etc., or shortly quinquennalis; cf. Or. Henz. 3882, 3721.1203.Arnold, Prov. Adm. pp. 225, 226.1204.Or. Henz. 643.1205.Lex Malag. § 51; Or. 7421; Marq. i. 475; C. Th. xii. 5, 1.1206.C.I.L. viii. 2341, 17838.1207.Marq. i. 499 n. 13.1208.Or. Henz. 7080, 7082, 3811, 3817, 3882.1209.Ib. 3817; cf. Spart. Hadr. c. 19.1210.Lex Urson. § 103.1211.Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. 28; Duruy, v. 349 sqq.1212.Lex Malag. § 60 sq.1213.See Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire, bk. iii. c. 2.1214.There is one case in Or. Henz. 2279.1215.v. Or. Henz. vol. iii. Ind. p. 152.1216.Plin. Ep. i. 19; at Como the census was HS.100,000; cf. Petron. Sat. 44.1217.The Curia is sometimes designated as Cviri, Or. Henz. 764, 3737, 1552. Or., however, interprets CV. as Civium universorum in 764.1218.Ohnesseit, De Jure Municip. p. 55; Marq. Röm. St. i. 504.1219.Plin. Ep. iv. 13, 9.1220.e.g. Or. Henz. 3703, 7190.1221.Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. 31.1222.Plin. Ep. iv. 22. This autocratic act was the abolition of the games at Vienne by a duumvir.1223.Lex Urson. § 129.1224.Ib. § 99; Ohnesseit, De Jure Municip. p. 51.1225.Ib. p. 53; Lex Urson. §§ 96, 97, 130.1226.Mart. iii. 29; v. 14; v. 23; Juv. i. 28; iii. 131, 159.1227.Or. Henz. 7002, 7018, 3785, 3789, 3798, 3733, 3747.1228.Ib. 2287, 3714, 3851.1229.Pers. iii. 77; Juv. xvi.1230.In the Inscr. they are mentioned after the decurions and before the plebs; cf. Or. Henz. 4009, 3807, 1167. On the distinction between the Augustales and the Seviri Aug. v. Marq. Röm. St. i. 514; Ohnesseit, De Jure Munic. 46; Nessling, De Seviris Aug. Marq. says, scheinen die Augustales als lebenslängliche Mitglieder des Collegiums, die Seviri als jährlich wechselnde Beamte desselben zu betrachten zu sein.1231.Marq. i. 513; Ohnesseit, p. 46; cf. Or. Henz. 3959, 7089; Tac. Ann. i. 54, 73.1232.Petron. 65, 71.1233.Or. 2983; C.I.L. v. 4482.1234.Or. Henz. 3917, 3924, 1561, 7092, 4077, 3127, 4020, 5655, 2374.1235.Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. 37.1236.Or. Henz. 3787-8; 7103.1237.Petron. Sat. 65.1238.Or. Henz. 6983.1239.Ib. 4044, 7094.1240.Ib. 7112.1241.C.I.L. ix. 58.1242.Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. 42.1243.Plin. Ep. viii. 8, 6.1244.Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. 43.1245.Tac. Ann. xii. 58.1246.Sueton. Vesp. 13; Tac. Ann. ii. 47; cf. Nipperdey’s note referring to the monument erected to Tiberius in A.D. 30, at Puteoli.1247.Petron. 44.1248.Suet. Vesp. xviii. Latinis Graecisque rhetoribus annua centena constituit.1249.Plin. Ep. iv. 13.1250.Herodot. iii. 131.1251.Strab. iv. c. i. 5 (181), σοφιστὰς γοῦν ὑποδέχονται ... κοινῄ μισθούμενοι καθάπερ καὶ ἰατρούς.1252.Marq. Priv. ii. 777.1253.Or. Henz. 3994, 4017.1254.Or. Henz. 3716, 6709, 7146.1255.Friedl. Sittengesch. iii. 116; C.I.L. ii. pp. 89-96.1256.Plin. Ad Traj. 17.1257.Ib. 54, 55, 23.1258.Ib. 47.1259.Ib. 17.1260.Ib. 39.1261.Ib. 37.1262.Plin. Ad Traj. 38.1263.Ib. 33.1264.Ib. 110; cf. Marq. Röm. St. i. 522.1265.Plin. Ad Traj. 112, 114, 116.1266.Ib. 79.1267.Ib. 116.1268.Or. Henz. 7001; Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. 53; corruption, however, by means of hospitality is expressly forbidden by the Lex Urson. § 132; C.I.L. ii. Suppl. p. 852.1269.Plin. Ad Traj. 96.1270.Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. 33; Gréard, Plut. pp. 246-7.1271.The different classes of Curatores, which must be carefully distinguished, are clearly given by Arnold, Prov. Admin. 236. Cf. Or. Henz. 3899, 3902, 3989. For a good example of the function of the Curator, cf. Or. 3787.1272.For the sources of these, cf. Marq. Röm. St. ii. p. 96.1273.Mau, Pompeii (Eng. Tr.), p. 16.1274.Mau, Pompeii (Eng. Tr.), p. 15.1275.Petron. Sat. 38.1276.Mau, p. 143.1277.Id. p. 111.1278.Mau, p. 124.1279.Id. pp. 147, 206.1280.Id. p. 164.1281.Or. Henz. 7008, 7010.1282.Duruy, v. 396.1283.Or. 781.1284.Plin. H. N. xxix. 5.1285.Duruy, v. 396.1286.Plin. l.c.1287.D. Chrys. Or. 46 (519).1288.Tac. Hist. iii. 34, reposita fora templaque munificentia municipum.1289.Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii. 1; Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. p. 120.1290.Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii. 5.1291.Ib. ii. 6.1292.Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii. 3.1293.C. Theod. ix. 17, 5; Nov. Valent. 5.1294.Or. Henz. 6993, 7013, 7190, 6622, 2287, 6985, 3325.1295.Ib. 6994.1296.Ib. 6983.1297.Or. Henz. 7013.1298.C.I.L. viii. 5366; she received the honour of five statues in return.1299.Or. Henz. 2287.1300.Ib. 3325.1301.Ib. 3772.1302.Boissier, L’Opp. p. 44.1303.See Rom. Soc. in the Last Century of the Western Empire (1st ed.), p. 202.1304.Suet. Nero, xvi.1305.Suet. Vesp. ix.; D. Cass. lxvi. 10.1306.Suet. Tit. vii. nemine ante se munificentia minor.1307.Suet. Domit. v.1308.Plin. Paneg. 51.1309.D. Cass. lxviii. 7, 15; Plin. Paneg. 29, 51.1310.Ael. Spart. Hadr. c. 29.1311.Ib. c. 19, § 10, eaque omnia propriis auctorum nominibus consecravit.1312.On the sportula at this time, cf. Suet. Nero, xvi., Dom. vii.; Marq. Pr. i., 207 sq.; Momms. De Coll. p. 109.1313.Plut. Caes. 55, ἑστιάσας μὲν ἐν δισμυρίοις καὶ δισχιλίοις τρικλίνοις ὁμοῦ σύμπαντας: D. Cass. 43, 21, 3.1314.Plin. Ep. i. 3, triclinia illa popularia.1315.Petron. 71.1316.Or. Henz. 7115, 1368, 4088, 4115.1317.Ib. 3882.1318.Or. Henz. 3868.1319.Ib. 6211.1320.Marq. Priv. i. 210; Petron. 45; Or. 842; Momms. Colleg. p. 110.1321.Or. Henz. 3394; cf. Suet. Calig. 18.1322.Or. Henz. 3738.1323.C.I.L. x. 5853; Friedl. Cena Trim. p. 55.1324.Lex Urson. § 132.1325.Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii. 1.1326.Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 142; cf. Jul. Capitol. M. Ant. c. x.1327.Suet. Tit. vii.1328.D. Cass. 68. 15, καὶ θέας ἐν τρισὶ καὶ εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν ἡμέραις ἐποίησεν ... καὶ μονομάχοι μύριοι ἠγωνίσαντο.1329.Salv. De Gub. Dei, vi. § 69.1330.Aug. Conf. vi. 8; cf. Sym. Ep. ii. 46.1331.Tac. Ann. i. 76, vili sanguine nimis gaudens.1332.Suet. Calig. xxxv.1333.Calpurn. Ecl. vii. 24 sqq.

Vidimus in caelum trabibus spectacula textis

Surgere, Tarpeium prope despectantia culmen—

... Sic undique fulgor

Percussit: stabam defixus et ore patenti,

Cunctaque mirabar, etc.

1334.Sen. De Brev. Vit. viii.; Ep. 95, § 33; Plut. Reipubl. Ger. Pr. c. 29; Luc. Dem. c. 57.1335.Plin. Ep. iv. 22.1336.Suet. Nero, iv.1337.D. Cass. 66. 15; cf. M. Aur. vi. 46.1338.D. Cass. 68. 10 and 15, 66. 25; Suet. Nero, xi.; Suet. Dom. iv.1339.D. Cass. 67. 1; cf. Friedl. ii. 202.1340.Plin. Ep. vi. 34; Paneg. 33.1341.Petron. 45.1342.Strabo, v. c. 4, 13.1343.Mau, 206, 207.1344.Tac. Ann. xiv. 17.1345.Mau, 152.1346.Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 206.1347.Mau, 216, 217. The words in one of these, flaminis Neronis Caesaris Aug. fili, fix the date between 50 and 54 A.D.1348.Mau, 217, 218.1349.Ib. 411.1350.Ib. 220; Juv. vi. 82 sqq.; cf. Mart. v. 24.1351.Friedl. ii. 189.1352.Ib. ii. 92.1353.Tac. Ann. iv. 62.1354.Or. Henz. 2532.1355.Ib. 2530.1356.Ib. 6148; C.I.L. x. 1074, 6012. This was given postulante populo.1357.Or. Henz. 5963, 5972, 2531; C.I.L. x. 228.1358.Tac. Hist. ii. 70-72.1359.Ib. iii. 84.1360.Or. Henz. 3725, 6156; Strab. xvii. 1, 10; Friedl. ii. 204, 378 sqq.1361.Apul. Met. x. 18; cf. iv. 13.1362.Plut. Reipubl. Ger. Pr. 30; Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 21.1363.Luc. Dem. 57; cf. Mahaffy, Greek World under Roman Sway, p. 271.1364.Or. Henz. 2373, 7037, 148, 2532.1365.Mart. iii. 59, 16.1366.Or. Henz. 81.1367.Petron. 45.1368.Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 137, Doch diese Summe erscheint gering im Vergleich mit der kolossalen Verschwendung, mit der die Schauspiele in der letzten Zeit der Republik gegeben wurden; cf. C.I.L. ii. 6278 (Suppl. p. 1032).1369.Or. Henz. 2530; 2533; Friedl. Cena Trim. p. 58; Cic. Ad Att. 12, 2.1370.Suet. Tib. vii.1371.Petron. 45.1372.Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 202; Suet. Vitell. xii. circumforaneo lanistae vendidit.1373.Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 192.1374.Petron. 45; D. Cass. 60. 30.1375.D. Cass. 74. 2.1376.Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 196.1377.D. Cass. 66. 15; Spart. Hadr. 14; cf. Suet. Calig. xxxiv.1378.Lamprid. Com. xi.; cf. viii.; Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 150.1379.Suet. Jul. Caes. xxxix.; Juv. vi. 252.1380.Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 198.1381.Or. Henz. 2571, 2572; C.I.L. x. 7364; xii. 5836.1382.Mau, Pompeii, p. 219 sq.1383.Sen. Ep. 70, § 20; Tac. Ann. xv. 46. Sym. Ep. ii. 46; cf. Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 211.1384.Sen. De Prov. iv.1385.Epict. Diss. i. 29, § 37.1386.Friedl. Sittengesch. ii. 204.1387.Or. Henz. 2566.1388.Ib. 2571.1389.Or. Henz. 2572-9; C.I.L. xii. 3329.1390.Or. Henz. 2573-5; D. Cass. 72. 22.1391.Juv. iii. 158.1392.C.I.L. x. 1074.1393.Or. Henz. 3721.1394.Ib. 7008, 7010; cf. 7082, where a youth of twenty had been iivir quinquennalis, and had given a gladiatorial show. Cf. 3714, quaestor designatus est annorum xxiiii., 3745, 3246, 3768.1395.Ib. 3764.1396.Ib. 3773, 4036, 82, 5134; cf. 3744.1397.Or. Henz. 3709, 3750; C.I.L. xii. 3203, 3219.1398.Plut. Reipubl. Ger. Pr. c. 27.1399.Or. Henz. 6992.1400.Ib. 3811, 3722, 6999, 7007, 7004 (honore usus inpensam remisit), 7011, 7190, 4100.1401.Ib. 3865, ex aere collato; 6996.1402.This seems clear from Plut. Reip. Ger. Pr. c. 31, καὶ μὴ δανειζόμενον οἰκτρὸν ἅμα καὶ καταγέλαστον εἶναι περὶ τὰς λειτουργίας.1403.Plut. Reip. Ger. Pr. c. 18; cf. c. 10.1404.Plin. Ep. x. 113; 79.1405.Plut. Reip. Ger. Pr. c. 18.1406.Philostr. Apoll. T. iv. 5.1407.Plut. Reip. Ger. Pr. c. 32; cf. Gréard, Morale de Plut. p. 230.1408.Philostr. Apoll. T. v. 41, 10; cf. Gréard, p. 227.1409.Plut. Reip. Ger. Pr. c. 15.1410.Ib. c. 27, 29, 30, 20.1411.Or. Henz. 4007 (Canusium), 2391 (Praeneste), 4491 (Pisa), 3898 (Bergamum), 3787 (Caere). For places out of Italy, cf. C.I.L. xii. 3212 (datus a Trajano); viii. 2403, 2660 (Timgad and Lambesi); iii. 3485 (Aquincum); ii. 484 (Emerita); 4112 (Tarraco); cf. x.; ii. p. 1158; Capitol. M. Ant. c. 11.1412.Or. Henz. 3787, placuit tibi scribi an in hoc quoque et tu consensurus esses.1413.A.D. 113, as the names of the consuls show.1414.See Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire, p. 208 sqq. (1st ed.).1415.M. Aurel. vi. 46; vii. 3; ix. 30.1416.Or. Henz. Ind. 151; C.I.L. xii. p. 940; Or. Henz. 3763, 7170 (consensus plebis); C.I.L. xii. 3185 (ex postulatione populi); x. 5067, 1030, 8215, 3704.1417.Tac. Ann. xiii. 48; Hi (i.e. plebs) magistratuum et primi cujusque avaritiam increpantes.1418.C.I.L. iv. 202, 710, 787.1419.Marq. Priv. i. 159, 160; Duruy, Hist. des Rom. v. 631; Athen. vi. 272 D.1420.Suet. Octav. 40; D. Cass. 55. 13.1421.Or. Henz. iii. Ind. p. 180.1422.Or. Henz. 4148, 4143, 4268, 4154. For the provinces of C.I.L. ii. Suppl. p. 1171; viii. p. 1102; x. 1163; xii. p. 943.1423.Or. Henz., 4148, Marcia margaritaria de Via Sacra legavit ... libertis libertabusque suis....1424.Juv. i. 24; x. 224; Mart. iii. 16, 59.1425.Duruy, v. 637.1426.S. Hieron. Ep. 108, § 3.1427.Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire (1st. ed.), p. 193.1428.Momms. De Coll. (Morel) p. 28 sq.; Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. 278; Plut. Numa, c. 17, ἦν δὲ διανομὴ κατὰ τὰς τέχνας αὐλητῶν, χρυσοχόων, κτλ.1429.Momms. De Coll. p. 76.1430.Suet. Caes. 42; Octav. 32.1431.Momms. De Coll. p. 84.1432.Plin. Ep. x. 34.1433.Tac. Ann. xiv. 17, re ad patres relata ... collegia quae contra leges instituerant dissoluta.1434.Vop. Aurel. c. 38.1435.Or. Henz. 6086; cf. Momms. De Coll. p. 98; Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. 313; Duruy, v. 408.1436.Momms. De Coll. p. 87.1437.Lamprid. Alex. Sev. c. 33; cf. Duruy, v. 408.1438.Or. Henz. 4841, Elysiis campis floreat umbra tibi; but cf. 4793, manus levo contra deum qui me innocentem sustulit; 4796, Dii irati aeterno somno dederunt.1439.Ib. 4662, Qutia Silvana Uxor virum expecto meum.1440.Ib. 2677, 2655, 4626, 4639, 4848, Domum servavit, lanam fecit. Dixi, abei.1441.Ib. 4775.1442.Ib. 2669, 4653, 2413, 2414.1443.Or. Henz. 2815, 2817, 4687, 4777, 4653.1444.Ib. 4852, effugi crimen longa senecta tuum.1445.Ib. 4816, balnea, vina, Venus corrumpunt corpora nostra, sed vitam faciunt. Vixi; quod comedi et ebibi tantum meum est. Non fui, fui; non sum, non curo; 4807, 7407, 7387.1446.Ib. 4795, 7406.1447.Ib. 4836.1448.Ib. 4416.1449.Ib. 4417.1450.Ib. 4781, 4783, 4.1451.Or. Henz. 4386, 4357, 4360, 4362, 4388, 4396, 4423, 4425, 4427.1452.Ib. 6086. Ex S.C.P.R. quibus coire convenire collegiumque habere liceat qui stipem menstruam conferre volent in funera, in id collegium coeant neque sub specie ejus collegii nisi semel in mense coeant, etc.1453.Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. 313.1454.Momms. De Coll. p. 87.1455.Or. Henz. 2399, 2400.1456.Ib. 4079.1457.Ib. 4093.1458.Ib. 4073, Loc. sep. convictor. qui una epulo vesci solent.1459.Ib. 6086; Momms. De Coll. p. 98; Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. p. 309 sqq.; Duruy, v. 412.1460.Or. Henz. 6086; Col. ii., placuit ut quisquis servus ex hoc collegio liber factus fuerit, etc.1461.Momms. De Coll. p. 99; Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. p. 309.1462.Momms. De Coll. p. 104.1463.Or. Henz. 2417; Junio Rufino Cos. i.e. A.D. 153; Momms. p. 73.1464.Momms. De Coll. p. 93.1465.They have their ordo, plebs, decuriones, quinquennales, curatores, honorati, patroni, quaestores, etc.; v. Henz. Ind. p. 176 sqq.1466.Herodot. v. 66.1467.Tac. Hist. iii. 32, tempus quoque mercatus ditem alioqui coloniam majore opum specie complebat.1468.Friedl. Cena Trim. Einl. p. 63.1469.Apul. Met. i. 5.1470.Momms. Rom. Prov. i. 74.1471.Or. Henz. 178; Tac. Hist. iv. 5.1472.C.I.L. ii. 2423.1473.Ib. iii. 1500.1474.Ib. x. 1634, 1579.1475.Ib. iii. 365, 444, 455, 6051.1476.Suet. Claud. xviii.; cf. Merivale, vi. 126 sq.1477.Juv. xiv. 276.1478.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 34.1479.Or. Henz. 6111, 6835.1480.Ib. 4109.1481.Ib. 6414, 2211, 4095, 4100, 4096; C.I.L. x. 5928, 1493; iii. 4045, 5678.1482.Or. Henz. 2401.1483.C.I.L. iv. 575, 581.1484.Or. Henz. 4063, 4072, 4087, 7007.1485.Or. Henz. 4243, 7205, 6950.1486.Ib. 7007, 7254, 4110, 6950.1487.Ib. 3655, 6029, 3178.1488.Ib. 4093, 7206.1489.Ib. 4105, 2619, 4113, 4112, 2625.1490.Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. p. 286.1491.Dig. L. 7.1492.Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. 287.1493.Or. Henz. 6302.1494.Ib.1495.C.I.L. iii. 2, 6150.1496.Ib. ii. 6004.1497.Or. Henz. 2863, Hilara viva rogavit ut ossa sua in olla Midaes coicerentur cum mort. esset.1498.C.I.L. iii. 6077, v. note.1499.Or. Henz. 2386, 4938, 4123.1500.Such as that in Or. Henz. 6086.1501.Or. Henz. 6010, Colleg. Capitolinorum, etc.; cf. Cic. Ad Quint. Fratr. ii. 5.1502.Rutil. Namat. i. 63.1503.Or. Henz. Ind. p. 154 sqq.1504.Ib. 4068, 4107.1505.Ib. 6127, 7181, 7182, 3217, 4138 (v. Orelli’s note to this Inscription), 4071; C.I.L. x. p. 1163; iii. (2) p. 1180.1506.Or. Henz. 2863, 7183, 5372.1507. Or. 2417, ut ne plures adlegantur quam numerus s. s. etc.; C.I.L. ii. 1167, collegio hominum centum dumtaxet constituto. Cf. Plin. x. 33, where the coll. fabrorum is to be limited to 150.1508.Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. 295.1509.Or. Henz. 4055.1510.Ib. 4054, 2417, 4056.1511.The ranks are mingled, however, in Or. 2394; C.I.L. iii. 633.1512.D. Cass. 60. 6, τά τε καπελεῖα ἐς ἃ συνιόντες ἔπινον κατέλυσε, κτλ.1513.Or. Henz. 4088, 3298, 2279, 3787, 4085.1514.Ib. 2417, solarium tectum junctum in quo populus collegi s. s. epuletur.1515.Ib. 4070.1516.Or. Henz. 65, 900, 4088; cf. 4107, 4366.1517.Ib. 2416, 4057.1518.Ib. 4068.1519.Ib. 2502.1520.Ib. 2400, 4093.1521.C.I.L. iii. 1, 633.1522.Marq. Priv. i. 203.1523.Or. Henz. 4082, 4118.1524.Ib. 4082, 194, 73, 4077, 6654, 4109, 4069; C.I.L. iii. 1, 1209, 1497, 1051; x. 228; 1696; 3910.1525.Or. Henz. 7007, 4109.1526.C.I.L. iii. 1968; Or. Henz. 3927, 3321, 6275.1527.Or. Henz. 4133.1528.Ib. 7116, 3914, 3923, 4080, qui facultates suas coll. reliq.1529.Ib. 4109; 194, 4069, 4071, 4094, 7194.1530.Ib. 4109.1531.Ib. 3724, honore usus impensam remisit; cf. 7011, 6992, 7190, so passim.1532.C.I.L. ii. 2102.1533.Or. Henz. 4371, 4070, 4400, 7365; cf. Marq. Pr. i. 370.1534.Or. Henz. 4456 aediculae in quibus simulacra, etc., 4510, 4400 area quae ante se est maceria cincta long. p. x̅l̅i̅i̅x̅., lat. p. x̅x̅x̅i̅x̅., 7365, 4337, 4070, 4085.1535.Ib. 4366 ejusque mausolei claves duae penes aliquem libertorum meorum ... sint, 4637, 4353.1536.Ib. 6206.1537.Ib. 4366.1538.Or. Henz. 3999, 4076, 4107, 4088.1539.Ib. 3999.1540.Ib. 6085.1541.Ib. 7215 (A.D. 149).1542.Macrob. Sat. iii. 13, 11-13.1543.Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. 319; Marq. Pr. i. 208; Hor. Ep. i. 14, 21.1544.Momms. De Colleg. p. 109; cf. Or. 2385 (panem vinum et sportulas dedit), 3949.1545.Or. Henz. 2417.1546.Fl. Apolloni Proc. Aug. qui fuit a pinacothecis.... Optimi piissimi, etc.1547.Or. Henz. 6086, quisquis ex hoc collegio servus defunctus fuerit, etc.; cf. the composition of the club in Or. 2394.1548.Ib. ut quieti et hilares diebus solemnibus epulemur, etc.1549.Or. Henz. 4107.1550.S. Paul. Nol. Carm. xxvii. 547-585; S. Aug. Ep. 32; Serm. v.1551.De Coll. p. 3.1552.Or. Henz. 2417, 4055, 2392, 3774, 3815, 1485, 4134.1553.Ib. 2417, Item viii K. Mart. die Karae cognationis eodem loco dividerent sportulas, etc.1554.Or. Henz. 2399, 4073, 4093.1555.C.I.L. i. 1406; ii. 5927.1556.Momms. De Coll. p. 102; Plin. Ep. viii. 16.1557.For the contempt for slaves in the fourth and fifth centuries, v. S. Hieron. Ep. 54, § 5; Salv. De Gub. Dei, iv. 26. For humaner sentiment, cf. Macrob. Sat. i. 11, 12 sqq.; C. Theod. ix. 6, 2, 3, vii. 13, 8; ix. 7, 4; ix. 9, 1; ix. 12, 1.1558.Plin. Ep. viii. 16, § 1; on the more humane feeling to slaves, cf. Sen. Ep. 47; De Ira, iii. 24, 32; De Clem. i. 18; De Ben. iii. 18, 19, 20; Juv. xiv. 16; Spart. Hadr. c. 18; Wallon, L’Esclav. i. c. 11; Marq. Pr. i. 177.1559.Cagnat, L’Armée Rom. pp. 457 sqq.1560.Veget. ii. 20.1561.D. Cass. 65. 22; Capitol. M. Ant. c. 7; D. Cass. 73. 8; Cagnat, p. 459; Marq. Röm. St. ii. pp. 136, 543.1562.Cf. Marcian ap. Momms. De Coll. p. 87, neve milites collegia in castris habeant.1563.Cagnat, p. 463.1564.C.I.L. viii. 2552-7.1565.Cagnat, pp. 467, 540; cf. Boissier, L’Afr. Rom. p. 111. C.I.L. viii. 2554, optiones scholam suam cum statuis et imaginibus domus div. ex largissimis stipendiis ... fecerunt, etc.1566.C.I.L. viii. 2552, 3, 4; 2557, iii. 3524; Henz. 6790; Cagnat, p. 472; Marq. Röm. St. ii. 544.1567.Cagnat, p. 474.1568.The Cornicines of the 3rd Legion at Lambesi paid an entrance fee of 750 denarii (Scamnari nomine). The anularium on retirement, and the funeraticium, were each 500 denarii. It would seem that there must have been a considerable surplus. C.I.L. viii. 2557.1569.Or. Henz. 6086, universi consentire debemus ut longo tempore inveterescere possimus; cf. 4357, 4360, 4366, 4386, 4395.1570.The diptych, which has been singularly preserved, was found in a deserted mine or quarry about 1780, along with some other private documents of a commercial character; v. C.I.L. iii. p. 213, and 921. The dates range from 131 to 167 A.D. Cf. Or. Henz. 6087; Schiller, Gesch. der röm. Kaiserzeit, i. 2, p. 643.1571.See Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, 13, 14, Jener dualistische Idealismus, welchen Plato begründet, und auch Aristoteles nicht grundsätzlich überwunden hatte, führt in letzter Beziehung auf nichts anderes zurück, als auf den Gegensatz des Inneren und Aeusseren des Denkens und der gegenständlichen Welt.... Es war nur ein Schritt weiter in dieser Richtung, wenn die nacharistotelische Philosophie den Menschen in grundsätzlicher Abkehr von der Aussenwelt auf sich selbst wies, um in seinem Innern die Befriedigung zu suchen, etc.1572.See Luc. Eun. c. 3, συντέτακται ἐκ βασιλέως μισθοφορά τις οὐ φαύλη κατὰ γένη τοῖς φιλοσόφοις, Στοϊκοῖς λέγω, κτλ. Cf. Capitol. M. Ant. c. 3; Philostr. Apoll. T. i. 7, § 8.1573.Zeller, iii, 1, 16.1574.Ib. 493-5; Überweg, Hist. of Phil. i. 220; Cic. De Nat. Deor. i. c. 17; De Fin. i. c. 9.1575.Bussell, School of Plato, p. 264; Zeller, iii. 1; p. 8, 9.1576.On pessimism in the reign of Augustus, v. Boissier, Rel. Rom. i. p. 241. Cf. Sen. De Ira, ii. 8; De Ben. i. 10; Ad Marc. 20, 22; Tac. Hist. ii. 37; Petron. 88.1577.Cf. Epict. iii. 13, §§ 9, 10, where the contrast between the “pax Romana” and moral unrest is drawn.1578.Zeller, iii. 1, pp. 12, 14, cf. Baur, Ch. Hist. i. p. 14 (Tr.).1579.Cic. Tusc. iii 3, est profecto animi medicina philosophia, Sen. Ep. 22, vena tangenda est; Ep. 53, Epict. iii. 23, § 30, ἰατρεῖόν ἐστι τὸ τοῦ φιλοσόφου σχολεῖον.1580.Sen. Ep. 94, § 5, § 22.1581.Ep. 64, § 8.1582.Plut. De Rect. Rat. Aud. c. 8; Epict. iii. 23, § 23.1583.Plut. De Rect. Rat. Aud. c. 12.1584.Plut. (?) De Lib. Ed. c. 14.1585.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, 487; Plut. Aemil. P. c. vi.; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 135; Polyb. xxxii. 10. But cf. Mahaffy on Zeller’s view, in Greek World under Roman Sway, p. 67.1586.Sen. Ad Marc. 4.1587.Luc. De Merc. Cond. 2, 4, 25.1588.Tac. Ann. xiv. 16, etiam sapientiae doctoribus tempus impertiebat post epulas, utque contraria adseverantium discordia frueretur; Spart. Hadr. 15.1589.Sen. De Tranq. xiv. § 7.1590.Tac. Ann. xvi. 34.1591.Zeller, iii. 1, 656, 663.1592.Epict. iii. 23, §§ 24-34; i. 4, § 9, οὗτος, φησίν, ἤδη δι’ αὐτοῦ δύναται Χρύσιππον ἀναγιγνώσκειν. Εὖ, νὴ τοὺς θεούς, προκόπτεις ἄνθρωπε. Ποίαν προκοπήν;1593.Tertull. De An. c. 20, Seneca saepe noster; S. Hieron. Adv. Jovin. i. 49.1594.S. Hieron, Adv. Jovin. i. 29; De Scrip. Eccl. 12; S. Aug. Ep. 153, cujus etiam ad Paulum apostolum leguntur epistolae.1595.The worst about Seneca is collected in D. Cass. 61. 10. But cf. the attack of P. Suillius, Tac. Ann. xiii. 42 and xiv. 52.1596.Sen. Ad Helv. xix. § 2.1597.Sen. Ep. 108, §§ 13-17.1598.Ep. 108, § 22. He abandoned Pythagorean abstinence, as suspicious, during the persecution of eastern cults; cf. Suet. Tib. 36.1599.D. Cass. 59. 19.1600.Ib. 60. 8; 61. 10; Tac. Ann. xiii. 42, schol. Juv. v. 109.1601.D. Cass. 61. 4; Tac. Ann. xiii. 2. Dion suggests an intrigue with Agrippina, 61. 10.1602.Sen. De Clem. i. 5, 8.1603.Tac. Ann. xiii. 2, quo facilius ... voluptatibus concessis retinerent, etc.1604.Ib. xiii. 42; D. Cass. 61. 10.1605.Tac. Ann. xiv. 52, mors Burri infregit Senecae potentiam, etc.1606.Tac. Ann. xiv. 54.1607.Ib. xv. 56 sqq.1608.Sen. Ep. 55; De Tranq. 1 and 2.1609.Sen. Ep. 108, §§ 17-22.1610.Cf. Baur, Ch. Hist. i. p. 16 (Tr.).1611.D. Cass. 61. 10.1612.Tac. Ann. xiii. 13; xiv. 7; and 11, sed Seneca adverso rumore erat, quod oratione tali confessionem scripsisset.1613.Sen. Ep. 77, § 16, ecquid habes propter quod expectes? Voluptates ipsas quae te morantur consumpsisti.... Nihil tibi luxuria tua in futuros annos reservavit intactum: cf. Ep. 89, § 21; 90, § 42.1614.De Ira, ii. 8.1615.Ep. 90, §§ 38-41.1616.Ep. 49, § 5, non vaco ad istas ineptias: ingens negotium in manibus est; Ep. 75, § 5, non delectent, verba nostra, sed prosint ... non quaerit aeger medicum eloquentem; Ep. 88, § 36, plus scire quam sit satis, intemperantiae genus est. Cf. Ep. 71, § 6.1617.Ep. 89, § 8, nec philosophia sine virtute est, nec sine philosophia virtus.1618.Ep. 66, § 12.1619.Ep. 89, § 13; 117, §§ 30, 31.1620.Ep. 48, § 8; 75, § 6.1621.Ep. 64, § 3; 58, § 26.1622.De Vita B. xiii, where he defends Epicurus.1623.Ep. 64, § 8.1624.Ep. 88, § 37, § 20.1625.Ep. 88, § 2, unum studium vere liberale est quod liberum facit, etc.1626.Ib. § 39; cf. Ep. 88.1627.Ep. 89; 66, § 33; 58, § 8.1628.Ib. 71, § 6, erige te et relinque istum ludum literarium philosophorum qui rem magnificam ad syllabas vocant, etc.1629.Teuffel, ii. § 284, n. 6; cf. Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 623.1630.Zeller, iii. 1, p. 56.1631.Ep. 117, § 19; Nat. Quaest. Prol.; Ep. 65, § 15; cf. Zeller, iii. 1. 622.1632.Nat. Quaest. v. 15; cf. Ep. 88, § 15.1633.Nat. Quaest. Prol. § 11, formicarum iste discursus est in augusto laborantium.... Punctum est istud in quo navigatis, in quo bellatis; Sursum ingentia spatia sunt, etc.; cf. Macrob. Som. Scip. i. 16, § 6.1634.Sen. Ep. 73, § 13, sic deus non vincit sapientem felicitate etiamsi vincit aetate.1635.Cf. Pl. Phaed. 79 D; Arist. Eth. ix 8, § 7.1636.Ep. 102, § 26, dies iste, quem tanquam extremum reformidas, aeterni natalis est ... discutietur ista caligo et lux undique clara percutiet ... nulla serenum umbra turbabit. Cf. De Imit. iii. 48, § 1, O supernae civitatis mansio beatissima! O dies aeternitatis clarissima, quam nox non obscurat, sed summa Veritas semper irradiat! Lucet quidem Sanctis perpetua claritate splendida, sed non nisi a longe et per speculum peregrinantibus in terra.1637.Nat. Quaest. iii. Praef.

, non praeterit me quam magnarum rerum fundamenta ponam senex.1638.Ib. ii. 59, § 2.1639.Ib. iii, § 18.1640.Ib. i. 17, § 8, An tu existimas auro inditum habuisse Scipionis filias speculum cum illis dos fuisset aes grave?1641.Nat. Quaest. ii. 59, § 3.1642.Ib. iii. 1, § 1.1643.Ib. vi. 32.1644.Ib. vii. 30, § 1.1645.Ib. vii. 30, § 3, quam multa praeter hos per secretum eunt nunquam humanis oculis orientia?1646.Ib. § 5, multa venientis aevi populus ignota nobis sciet, multa saeculis tunc futuris, cum memoria nostra exoleverit, reservantur.1647.Ib. vii. 31.1648.De Benef. i. 10.1649.Sen. De Ira, ii. 8, 9; Ad Marc. ii. 11, 17, 20; Tac. Hist. ii. 37; Petron. Sat. 88; M. Aurel. v. 33; v. 10.1650.Sen. Ep. 77, § 6; 24, § 25; 89, § 21; 95, § 16; De Tranq. c. i.1651.Ep. 48, § 8.1652.Ep. 71, § 27; 94, § 50; Ad Marc. 24, § 5; Ep. 79, § 12, tunc animus noster habebit quod gratuletur sibi, cum emissus his tenebris, in quibus volutatur, non tenui visu clara perspexerit ... et caelo redditus suo fuerit; Zeller, iii. i. 637.1653.Ep. 79, § 12; 102, § 22, per has mortalis aevi moras illi meliori vitae longiorique proluditur, §§ 26, 28; Ep. 73, § 15, Deus ad homines venit, etc. But cf. Zeller, iii. 1, 650; and for a different view, Burgmann, Seneca’s Theologie in ihrem Verhältn. zum Stoicismus, etc. pp. 20-32. That Burgmann’s is the truer view appears from Sen. Ep. 95, § 49; 65, § 9; De Clem. i. 5, § 7; De Benef. ii. 29, § 4; De Prov. v. 10; De Ira, ii. 28, § 1; Ep. 41, § 2.1654.Ep. 95, § 10.1655.Ib. § 57, rursus voluntas non erit recta nisi habitus animi rectus fuerit, etc.1656.De Vit. Beat. xii. § 4, nec aestimant, voluptas illa Epicuri quam sobria et sicca sit, sed ad nomen ipsum advolant quaerentes libidinibus suis patrocinium aliquod ac velamentum. Cf. Ep. 18, § 14; 16, § 7; 22, § 13; 28, § 9.1657.Ad Helv. viii. § 3, quisquis formator universi fuit, sive ille deus est potens omnium, sive incorporalis ratio ingentium operum artifex, sive divinus spiritus per omnia aequali intentione diffusus, sive fatum et immutabilis causarum inter se cohaerentium series. Cf. N. Quaest. ii. 45, § 2.1658.Ep. 71, § 14.1659.Ep. 57, § 8; 66, § 12; 117, § 2.1660.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, 122; cf. Nat. Quaest. ii. 45, § 2.1661.De Prov. i. ii. § 6; De Ira, ii. 27; De Benef. ii. 29; Ep. 73, § 16.1662.Ep. 57, § 8, animus qui ex tenuissimo constat, deprehendi non potest, etc.1663.Burgmann, Seneca’s Theologie, p. 41.1664.Ep. 65, § 24, quem in hoc mundo deus obtinet, hunc in homine animus.1665.Pl. Phaed. 83 C, D; 79 B; D; cf. Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 183; iii. 2, p. 634; Sen. Ep. 71, § 27.1666.Nat. Quaest. iii. 30, § 8, sed illis quoque innocentia non durabit—cito nequitia subrepit.1667.Ep. 120, § 14; 65, § 16, nam corpus hoc animi pondus ac poena est; premente illo urgetur, in vinculis est, etc. Ad Polyb. ix. § 6, omnis vita supplicium est; Ad Marc. xx. § 2.1668.Ib. 22, § 3.1669.Ep. 24, § 18, mors nos aut consumit aut eximit; Ep. 36, § 10; 102, § 23; De Prov. vi. § 6; Ad Marc. 25, § 1; ib. 19, § 5; 20, § 2, quae efficit ut nasci non sit supplicium; cf. Epict. ii. 1; iii. 10; iii. 13; iv. 1; M. Aurel. viii. 18; vi. 28; iii. 3; ix. 3.1670.Ep. 53, § 11, est aliquid quo sapiens antecedat deum; cf. Ep. 59, § 16, talis est sapientis animus, qualis mundus super lunam; semper illic serenum est; 72, § 8.1671.Ep. 74, § 1; 62, § 3, brevissima ad divitias per contemptum divitiarum via est; 59, § 14.1672.Ep. 74, §§ 6-12; cf. M. Aurel. v. 15, νῦν δὲ ὅσῳ περ πλείω τις ἀφαιρῶν ἑαυτοῦ τούτων ἢ καὶ ἀφαιρούμενός τι τούτων ἀνέχηται, τοσῷδε μᾶλλον ἀγαθός ἐστι: Epict. ii. 16, § 18; iii. 3, § 14.1673.Sen. Ep. 31, § 10; 74, § 14 aut ista bona non sunt, quae vocantur, aut homo felicior deo est, etc.1674.Ep. 67, § 14.1675.Ep. 66, § 12, ratio autem nihil aliud est quam in corpus humanum pars divini spiritus mersa.1676.Nat. Quaest. ii. 36; De Prov. 5, § 8, eadem necessitate et deos adligat ... ille ipse omnium conditor scripsit quidem fata, sed sequitur; semper paret, semel jussit.1677.Ep. 95, § 57; cf. 116, § 7, satis natura dedit roboris si illo utamur.1678.Ep. 73, § 15, non sunt di fastidiosi: adscendentibus manum porrigunt; Ep. 83, § 1, nihil deo clusum est; Ep. 43, § 5, O te miserum si contemnis hunc testem.1679.Ep., 90, § 38 sqq. avaritia omnia fecit aliena et in angustum ex immenso redacta paupertatem intulit, et multa concupiscendo omnia amisit.1680.Ib. § 46, non fuere sapientes;... ignorantia rerum innocentes erant.1681.Sen. Ep. 66, § 13 sqq.; 113, § 14, Cic. Tusc. iv. 15, 34; Plut. Virt. Mor. c. 2; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 224.1682.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 235; Plut. De Prof. in Virt. i. ὥστε τὸν πρωΐ κάκιστον ἑσπέρας γεγονέναι κράτιστον κτλ.; Adv. St. c. x.; cf. Sen. Ep. 76, § 19.1683.Hor. Sat. i. 3, 124; Sen. Ep. i. 1, 106; cf. Ep. 73, § 13; Aelian, Var. Hist. iv. 13; Luc. Vit. Auct. c. 20, μόνος οὗτος σοφός, μόνος καλός, μόνος ανδρεῖος βασιλεὺς ῥήτωρ, κτλ.1684.Sen. De Benef. i. 10, § 1, hoc majores nostri questi sunt, hoc nos querimur, hoc posteri nostri querentur, eversos mores regnare nequitiam, in deterius res humanas labi. Cf. Ad Polyb. c. iv.1685.De Ira, ii. 8, § 1, istic tantumdem esse vitiorum quantum hominum.1686.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 637; cf. p. 249. Cf. Martha, Mor. sous l’Emp. p. 62. On Seneca’s relation to the old Stoic theology, v. Burgmann, Seneca’s Theologie, p. 42 sq.1687.Sen. De Vit. Beat. c. 22.1688.Ep. 74, § 17; 87, § 29 sq.: De Ben. v. 13, § 1 sq.; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 638.1689.εὐπάθειαι, cf. De Brev. Vit. xiv. § 2; De Ira, ii. 2-4; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 216.1690.De Tranq. vii. § 4, ubi enim istum invenies quem tot seculis quaerimus? Pro optimo est minime malus. Ep. 42, § 1.1691.Ep. 90, § 44 sqq.1692.Ep. 72, §§ 6-11.1693.Ep. 75, § 8 sqq.1694.Ep. 72, § 8 sapiens laetitia fruitur maxima, continua, sua.1695.Ep. 57, § 3, non de me loquor, qui multum ab homine tolerabili, nedum a perfecto absum: cf. Ep. 89, § 2.1696.Ad Polyb. ii. § 1; Ep. 53, § 4; 56 §§ 1-3.1697.Ep. 24; esp. § 14.1698.Ep. 53, § 7, quo quis pejus se habet, minus sentit.1699.Ep. 94, §§ 55, 56.1700.Ep. 112, vitia sua et amat simul et odit.1701.Ep. 29.1702.Ep. 28, § 1.1703.Ep. 13, § 4 sq.; Ep. 24, § 11.1704.Ep. 117, § 31; 75, § 6.1705.Ep. 13, § 17, quid est turpius quam senex vivere incipiens?1706.Ep. 24.1707.Ep. 95, § 49.1708.Ep. 94, § 5, digiti puerorum tenentur et aliena manu per literarum simulacra ducuntur.1709.Ep. 11, § 8; Plut. De Pr. Virt. xv.1710.Ep. 25, § 1.1711.S. Hieron. Ep. 127, §§ 5-7; Ep. 118, § 5; Sulp. Sev. ii. 13, § 7.1712.Sen. Ep. 36, § 1, illum objurgant quod umbram et otium petierit; Ep. 123, § 15, illos quoque nocere nobis existimo, qui nos sub specie Stoicae sectae hortantur ad vitia: hoc enim jactant solum sapientem et doctum esse amatorem.1713.Sen. Ep. 123, § 10. Cf. Inscr. Or. Henz. 4806, 4807, 4816.1714.De Tranq. i.1715.Ib. i. §§ 13-15, nec aegroto nec valeo;... In omnibus rebus haec me sequitur bonae mentis infirmitas. Ib. § 17, rogo, si quod habes remedium quo hanc fluctuationem meam sistam, dignum me putes qui tibi tranquillitatem debeam.1716.Ep. 7, § 8; 19, § 2.1717.Ep. 68, ipsum otium absconde; jactandi autem genus est nimis latere.1718.Ep. 43, § 4; cf. 83, § 1; 10, § 2, mecum loquor ... cave ne cum homine malo loquaris.1719.Ep. 10, § 5, turpissima vota dis insusurrant; cf. Pers. Sat. ii. 7-18; Sen. Ep. 41, § 1.1720.Ep. 11, § 8; 104, § 21, vive cum Chrysippo, cum Posidonio.1721.Ep. 6, § 1; Ep. 28; Ep. 50, § 4; Plut. De Prof. in Virt. c. xi. τὸ πάθος λέγειν καὶ τὴν μοχθηρίαν ἀποκαλύπτειν οὐ φαῦλον ἂν εἴη προκοπῆς σημεῖον.1722.De Ira, iii. 36, § 3.1723.Ep. 32, § 2, in tanta brevitate vitae quam breviorem inconstantia facimus, etc.; Ep. 99, § 11, intelleges etiam in longissima vita minimum esse quod vivitur.1724.Ep. 56, § 15; 51, § 5.1725.Ep. 51, § 4; 104, § 20, si vis peregrinationes habere jucundas, tuum comitem sana.1726.Ep. 17, § 5; 18, § 8; Ep. 87, § 1; cf. Martha, p. 42.1727.Ep. 96, § 5.1728.Ep. 78, § 16, 4, nos quoque evincamus omnia, quorum praemium non corona nec palma est, etc.1729.De Vit. Beat. vii. § 4; Ep. 83, § 27.1730.Ep. 37.1731.Ep. 96; 98, §§ 2, 7.1732.De Prov. iii. § 4.1733.Ep. 24, § 13, rebus persona demenda est.1734.Ib. § 18; cf. Ep. 36, § 10; Ep. 30, § 17; Ep. 58, § 27; cf. Epict. ii. 1.1735.De Prov. vi. § 6; Ad Marc. 25; Ep. 102, §§ 23-26, Per has mortalis aevi moras illi meliori vitae longiorique proluditur.1736.Ep. 24, § 11.1737.Ep. 24, § 20; Ep. 36.1738.Ep. 93, § 2, longa est vita si plena est; cf. 101, § 10, singulos dies singulas vitas puta.1739.De Brev. Vit. viii. § 1.1740.Ib. x.1741.Ib. ix. § 4, pueriles adhuc animos senectus opprimit.1742.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 329, der Stoiker ist zu gebildet ... um den Werth der wissenschaftlichen Weltbetrachtung zu verkennen.1743.Cf. Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 277, die Philosophie immer nur die geschichtlich vorhandenen Zustände abspiegele.1744.Burgmann, Seneca’s Theologie, p. 26.1745.Ep. 109, § 10; 9, § 15.1746.De Otio, iv.; Ep. 68, § 2; cf. S. Aug. De Civ. Dei, xi. 1.1747.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 274; Stob. Flor. 45, 29; Sen. Ep. 29, § 11.1748.Ep. 19, § 6, subduc cervicem jugo tritam.1749.De Otio, iii. § 2, accedet ad rempublicam nisi si quid impedierit.1750.Ib. viii. § 1, interrogo ad quam rempublicam sapiens sit accessurus, ad Athenas in qua Socrates damnatur, etc.; cf. Diog. Laert. v. 1.1751.Ib. vii. § 131.1752.Sen. Ep. 9, § 13.1753.Ep. 109, § 3 sqq.1754.Epict. Diss. iii. 22, § 69.1755.Epict. Diss. i. 9, § 1 sqq. ἢ τὸ τοῦ Σωκράτους, μηδέποτε πρὸς τὸν πυθόμενον, ποδαπός ἐστι, εἰπεῖν ὅτι Ἀθηναῖος ἢ Κορίνθιος, ἀλλ’ ὅτι Κόσμος.1756.M. Aurel. iii. 11; vi. 44, πόλις καὶ πατρὶς ὡς μὲν Ἀντωνίνῳ μοι ἡ Ῥώμη, ὡς δὲ ἀνθρώπῳ ὁ Κόσμος.1757.Sen. Ep. 95, § 52; cf. M. Aurel. iv. 4, ὁ κόσμος ὡσανεὶ πόλις ἐστί: Epict. Diss. i. 13, § 3; Cic. De Leg. i. 7, 23, ut jam universus hic mundus una civitas sit communis deorum atque hominum existimanda.1758.Sen. Ep. 47, § 2, alteri vivas oportet, si vis tibi vivere; Ep. 55, non sibi vivit qui nemini.1759.De Otio, iii. § 5.1760.De Benef. iv. 18, § 2, nudum et infirmum societas munit.1761.De Ira, i. 5, § 2.1762.De Ira, ii. 10, § 5 sqq.1763.Ib. ii. 8 and 9; Ep. 90, § 9 sqq.; N. Quaest. v. 15.1764.Ib. ii. 10, §§ 6-8.1765.De Clem. i. 6, § 3, peccavimus omnes.1766.De Ira, ii. 28, § 8, aliena vitia in oculis habemus, a tergo nostra sunt.1767.De Ben. iv. 4 and 5; iv. 28; De Ira, iii. 26.1768.De Ira, ii. 28.1769.Ib. iii. 5, ingens animus et verus aestimator sui non vindicat injuriam quia non sentit.... Ultio doloris confessio est.1770.Ib. iii. 6.1771.Ep. 65, § 24; Ad Helv. viii. § 3; Ep. 41, § 2; De Ben. iv. 4 and 7; Ep. 10, § 5, sic vive tamquam deus videat; Siedler, De Sen. Phil. Mor. p. 14; Burgmann, Seneca’s Theologie, p. 32.1772.De Prov. vi. § 6, hoc est quo deum antecedatis.1773.De Ira, iii. 26; De Ben. i. 10.1774.De Ben. vii. 28, § 2.1775.De Ira, iii. 26; ii. 28; ii. 31.1776.De Ben. iii. 28, unus omnium parens mundus est. Cf. Ep. 47; De Ira, iii. 24; iii. 35; De Clem. i. 18.1777.De Ben. iii. 18.1778.De Ben. iii. 19 and 26; cf. Macrob. Sat. i. 11, § 16.1779.De Ben. iii. 20, interior illa pars mancipio dari non potest.1780.Ad Helv. xvi. § 3; Ep. 95, § 21, libidine vero ne maribus quidem cedunt.1781.Ad Helv. xix. § 2, § 6; Marcia’s husband, probably Vitrasius Pollio, was governor of Egypt.—Teuffel, R. Lit. § 282, 1.1782.Ad Helv. xv.-xvii. § 3.1783.Ad Marc. xvi. par illis, mihi crede, vigor, etc.1784.Tac. Ann. xv. 63, 64; Sen. Ep. 104, §§ 1-6.1785.De Ben. iii. 28; iii. 20.1786.Ad Polyb. xii. xiii. § 4; D. Cass. lxi. 10; Tac. Ann. xiii. 42.1787.Ep. 94, § 73, quae aliis excelsa videntur, ipsis praerupta sunt.1788.De Otio, iv. duas respublicas animo complectamur, etc.1789.Sen. Frag. ap. Aug. De Civ. Dei, vi. 10; Ep. 41, § 1, non sunt ad caelum elevandae manus, nec exorandus aedituus, ut nos ad aurem simulacri quasi magis exaudiri possimus admittat.1790.Sen. Ad Polyb. iv.1791.De Brev. Vit. xv. § 3 sq.1792.Sen. Ep. 77, § 6, cogita quamdiu jam idem facias: cibus, somnus, libido; per hunc circulum curritur; Ep. 24, § 25, quosdam subit eadem faciendi videndique satietas; Ep. 89, § 21; 95, § 20; 13, § 4; 24, §§ 11-14; 91, § 5, 6; De Tranq. ii. § 13; x. § 5, 6.1793.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, pp. 46, 47; cf. Sen. Ep. 88, § 20; 117, § 20.1794.Sen. Ep. 48, § 8, omnes undique ad te manus tendunt, etc.1795.M. Aurel. ix. 34; v. 33, γυμνὰ νόμιζε βλέπειν τὰ ψυχάρια αὐτῶν. ὅτε δοκοῦσι βλάπτειν ψέγοντες ἢ ὠφελεῖν ἐξυμνοῦντες, ὅση οἴησις; ... καὶ κυνίδια διακναιόμενα καὶ παιδία φιλόνεικα, γελῶντα, εἶτα εὐθὺς κλαίοντα. Πίστις δὲ καὶ αἰδὼς καὶ δίκη καὶ ἀλήθεια πρὸς Ὄλυμπον ἀπὸ χθονὸς εὐρυοδείης. Petron. Sat. 88; Sen. De Ira, ii. 8; D. Chrys. xiii. § 13, 33; vii. 133.1796.Pers. ii. 4 sqq.; cf. Herod. vi. 86; Luc. Icaromen. 25.1797.Bernays, Lucian und die Kyniker, p. 34.1798.v. p. 231 of this work. Yet cf. Luc. Somn. seu Gallus, 22, οἱ δὲ πλούσιοι φρίττουσι καὶ διανομαῖς ἱλάσκονταί σε κτλ.1799.Croiset, Lucien, p. 164, il a subi fortement leur influence en écrivant les Dialogues des morts.1800.Luc. Menip. c. 21.1801.Luc. Vit. Auct. 11; Traj. 24; Dial. Mort. x. 9.1802.Cf. Luc. Char. 15, 20; Dial. Mort. i. 3; Somn. 21.1803.Luc. Traj. 15; Necyom. 12.1804.Traj. 19; Cyn. 7; Menip. 11, χωρὶς δὲ οἵ τε πλούσιοι προσῄεσαν ὠχροί κτλ. Cf. Somn. 14, 15, οἱ δὲ (πλούσιοι) εὖ ἴσθι πολὺ ὑμῶν ἀθλιώτερον τὸν βίον βιοῦσι, cf. 22.1805.Char. 23, ἀποθνήσκουσι γάρ, ὦ πορθμεῦ, καὶ πόλεις ὥσπερ ἄνθρωποι.1806.As in Icaromen. 15; Char. 17.1807.Char. 3; cf. a saying of Plato, quoted in M. Aurel. vii. 48, καὶ δὴ περὶ ἀνθρώπων τοὺς λόγους ποιούμενον ἐπισκοπεῖν δεῖ καὶ τὰ ἐπίγεια, ὥσπερ ποθὲν ἄνωθεν, κατὰ ἀγέλας ... γάμους, γενέσεις, θανάτους, δικαστηρίων θόρυβον, ἑορτάς, θρήνους, κτλ.1808.Luc. Char. 17, ἀπίασιν ὥσπερ ἐξ ὀνείρατος πάντα ὑπὲρ γῆς ἀφέντες.1809.Luc. Vit. Auct. 3, 13, 16.1810.Epict. Diss. iv. i. 138, Ἆρον ἐκεῖνα τὰ τῶν σχολαστικῶν καὶ τῶν μωρῶν κτλ. M. Aurel. vii. 67; cf. Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 2, p. 203; Hatch, Hibbert Lec. p. 142.1811.M. Aurel. vi. 15; vii. 19; vi. 24, 42, 47; viii 6; xi. 20; viii. 3; vii. 67.1812.Epict. Fr. 175; cf. Diss. iii. 21, § 23, ἀλλά, εἴ σε ψυχαγωγεῖ τὰ θεωρήματα, καθήμενος αὐτὰ στρέφε αὐτὸς ἐπὶ σεαυτοῦ· φιλόσοφον δὲ μηδέποτ’ εἴπῃς σεαυτόν: cf. M. Aurel. ii. 17, τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου βίου ὁ μὲν χρόνος στιγμή ... τί οὖν τὸ παραπέμψαι δυνάμενον; ἓν καὶ μόνον, φιλοσοφία.1813.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. v. 26; D. Chrys. Or. xxxii.1814.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 41; iv. 24; D. Chrys. xxxvi, § 17.1815.Luc. Fug. c. 12.1816.Hermot. c. 2, 25.1817.D. Chrys. Or. lxxviii.; Martha, Mor. sous L’Emp. rom. p. 300.1818.Luc. (?) Dem. c. 7, 8.1819.Luc. (?) Dem. c. 63.1820.Sen. Ep. 89, § 6; cf. A. Gell. xvii. 19, 4.1821.Luc. Hermot. c. 5.1822.Ib. c. 7, καὶ οὗτοι δὴ ὑπὸ φιλοσοφίας ὥσπερ ὑπό τινος πυρὸς ἅπαντα ταῦτα περιαιρεθέντες κτλ.1823.Luc. Bis Acc. c. 11.1824.Ib. c. 6, ἁπανταχοῦ πώγων βαθὺς καὶ βιβλίον ἐν τῃ ἀριστερᾳ καὶ πάντες ὑπὲρ σοῦ φιλοσοφοῦσι κτλ.1825.Fug. c. 12; Vit. Auct. c. 10; D. Chrys. xxxii. 9; xxxiv. 3.1826.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. v. 37.1827.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 483. Renan, Les Év. p. 384, les différences des écoles étaient à peu près effacées. Un éclecticisme superficie était à la mode.1828.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. i. 7.1829.Capitol. M. Ant. c. 3.1830.Martha, Moralistes sous l’Emp. p. 275; Capes, Univ. Life, p. 58 sqq.1831.Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire (1st ed.), p. 355.1832.Capes, Univ. Life, p. 69.1833.Epict. ii. 19; iii. 23; Plut. De Recta Rat. Aud. vii. viii.; A. Gell. v. i.; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 657.1834.Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. 3.1835.Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. iv. ἔθελγε τῇ τε ἠχῇ τοῦ φθέγματος καὶ τῷ ῥυθμῷ τῆς γλώττης. A. Gell. v. 1, 3; Sen. Ep. 108, § 6, non id agunt ut aliqua illo vitia deponant sed ut oblectamento aurium perfruantur. Cf. Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. 7.1836.Epict. iii. 23, ἀλλ’ ἐπαίνεσόν με· εἰπέ μοι Ούᾶ καὶ Θαυμαστῶς. Plut. De Recta Rat. Aud. c. viii.; cf. Hatch, Hibbert Lec. p. 95.1837.Plin. Ep. i. 10.1838.Epict. iii. 21; ii. 1; ii. 23; Sen. Ep. 108, § 6.1839.A. Gell. v. 1, 2, tum scias neque illi philosophum loqui sed tibicinem canere. Philostr. Vit. Soph. iii. 3, ῥυθμούς τε ποικιλωτέρους αὐλοῦ καὶ λύρου ἐσηγάγετο ἐς τὸν λόγον. D. Chrys. Or. xxxv. §§ 7, 8.1840.For a comparative estimate see Capes, Univ. Life in Ancient Athens, p. 90; Hatch, Hibbert Lec. p. 105.1841.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 3; iv. 42; D. Chrys. xxxiii. § 28; xxxiv. § 4; xl. § 31.1842.Cf. A. Gell. xii. 1, nihil, inquit, dubito quin filium lacte suo nutritura sit.1843.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iii. 41 sqq.; iv. 24; iv. 18, 20; i. 11; i. 31.1844.Ib. iv. 13, 16, 19, 20, 33; vi. 40.1845.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. v. 25, τὸ δὲ τῶν ταύρων αἷμα καὶ ὁπόσα ἐθύετο, οὐκ ἐπῄνει τὰ τοιάδε, κτλ.1846.Ib. iv. 3.1847.Ib. iv. 8.1848.Ib. iv. 31.1849.Ib. iv. 41.1850.Ib. i. 11; iv. 40, ὦδε εὔχομαι, ὦ θεοὶ δοίητέ μοι τὰ ὀφειλόμενα.1851.Diog. Laert. iv. 3, 1, καί ποτε ... μεθύων καὶ ἐστεφανωμένος εἰς τὴν Ξενοκράτους ᾖξε σχολήν κτλ.: Epict. iii. 1, § 14; Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 253, quaero, faciasne, quod olim Mutatus Polemon? Cf. the conversion of Isaeus, Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. 217.1852.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 20; cf. i. 13.1853.Ib. vii. 16; cf. Tac. Ann. xv. 71; D. Cass. lxii. 27.1854.Tac. Ann. xv. 71; xiv. 59; Epict. i. 1, 27. The Rufus is Musonius Rufus.1855.D. Cass. lxvi. 13, πάντας τοὺς φιλοσόφους ὁ Οὐεσπασιανὸς πλὴν τοῦ Μουσωνίου ἐκ τῆς Ῥώμης ἐξέβαλε.1856.Zeller. Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, pp. 651-658.1857.Tac. Hist. iii. 81.1858.Max. Tyr. v. viii. §§ 3, 10; xi.; xiv. § 8; xvii. For the little known of him, v. Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 2. p. 182, n. 3.1859.D. Chrys. Or. xxxii. § 9, οὗτοι δὲ (οἱ Κυνικοὶ) ἔν τε τριόδοις καὶ στενωποῖς καὶ πυλῶσιν ἱερῶν ἀγείρουσι καὶ ἀπατῶσι παιδάρια καὶ ναύτας, κτλ.1860.Sen. Ep. 5, § 1; 29, § 1; Mart. iv. 53, cum baculo peraque senem ... cui dat latratos obvia turba cibos; Epict. iii. 22; D. Chrys. Or. xxxiv. § 2; Athen. iii. 113; Petron. 14; Aleiphr. iii. 55; Caspari, De Cynicis, p. 10.1861.Luc. Conviv. c.