16, 35, etc.1862.Fug. c. 5, 15.1863.Ib. c. 12, κατεῖδον τὴν αἰδῶ ὅση παρὰ τῶν πολλῶν ἐστι τοῖς ἑταίροις τοῖς ἐμοῖς, ... ταῦτα πάντα τυραννίδα οὐ μικρὰν ἡγοῦντο εἶναι.1864.Luc. Fug. c. 17-21, οἱ ἰδιῶται δὲ ταῦτα ὁρῶντες καταπτύουσιν ἤδη φιλοσοφίας, κτλ.1865.Bernays, Die Kyniker, p. 39. Roheit und arbeitsscheues Vagabundenthum ... mussten die Kynische Lebensweise sehr bequem finden.1866.Plut. (?) De Plac. Phil. ii. 8; iv. 5; Luc. (?) Demon. 4, ποιηταῖς σύντροφος ἐγένετο ... καὶ τὰς ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ προαιρέσεις ... ἠπίστατο: cf. Caspari, De Cyn. p. 6; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 685.1867.Cf. Luc. (?) Dem. 14 sqq.; Caspari, p. 6.1868.Epict. iii. 22, § 80, εἰς τοὺς νῦν ἀποβλέπομεν τοὺς τραπεζῆας πυλαωροὺς κτλ., Luc. Fug. 14, καὶ οὐ πολλῆς πραγματείας δεῖ τριβώνιον περιβαλέσθαι.1869.Luc. Ver. Hist. ii. 18; Athen. iv. 158; xiii. 588.1870.S. Aug. Civ. D. xiv. 20, nemo tamen eorum audet hoc facere.1871.D. Chrys. Or. lxxii. 2; Pers. v. 189; Petron. Sat. 71; Tac. Agr. 4; Hist. iv. 5; Plin. Ep. i. 22; Quintil. xi. 1, 35; xii. 2, 6.1872.Capitol. Avid. Cass. 1, § 8, in a letter of Verus, te philosopham aniculam, me luxuriosum morionem vocat: cf. c. 14.1873.Bernays, Die Kyniker, p. 31, sie sind die am reinsten deistische Sect, welche das hellenisch-römische Alterthum hervorgebracht hat.1874.Ib. p. 30; cf. D. Cass. lxxvii. 19, for the favours showered on the Cynic Antiochus by Severus.1875.On Lucian’s Peregrinus, v. Caspari, De Cyn. p. 24 sq.; Bernays, p. 42 sqq.1876.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 5, 10 sq.1877.Ib. c. 11, 12.1878.Ib. c. 14.1879.Ib. c. 17, 18; cf. the rudeness of Demetrius to Vespasian, Suet. Vesp. xiii.; D. Cass. lxvi. 13.1880.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 19, κακῶς ἠγόρευεν ὡς καταθηλύναντα τοὺς Ἕλληνας.1881.Caspari, De Cyn. p. 16; Bernays, Luc. u. die Kyniker, p. 16.1882.Ib. p. 54.1883.This offended Demonax, cf. Luc. (?) Dem. c. 21, Περεγρῖνε οὐκ ἀνθρώπιζεις.1884.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 13.1885.Ib. 10, 14, 37; Bernays, p. 54.1886.Cf. Aristid. Or. xlvi. (Dind. vol. ii. p. 402), τοῖς ἐν τῇ Παλαιστίνῃ δυσσεβέσι παραπλήσιοι τοὺς τρόπους. Bernays, p. 36, Übertritte aus dem einen in das andere Lager vorkamen; Hatch, Hib. Lec. p. 166; cf. Caspari, De Cyn. p. 25; Jul. Or. vii. 224. C. τὰ δὲ ἄλλα γε πάντα ἐστὶν ὑμῖν τε κἀκείνοις (i.e. Χριστιανοῖς) παραπλήσια. καταλελοίπατε τὴν πατρίδα ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνοι.1887.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 36, ἐς τὴν μεσημβρίαν ἀποβλέπων: c. 25, ὅπως τὴν καρτηρίαν ἐπιδείξηται ὥσπερ οἱ Βραχμᾶνες, ἐκείνοις γὰρ αὐτὸν ἠχίου Θεαγένης εἰκάζειν.1888.Ib. c. 2.1889.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 7 sqq.1890.Ib. c. 4, εἰς κενοδοξίαν τινὲς τοῦτο ἀναφέρουσι.1891.Sen. Ep. 58, § 36; 70, § 8; De Prov. ii. 10; vi. § 7; De Ira, iii. 15; De V. Beat. 19; Epict. i. 24. Cf. Plin. Ep. i. 12; i. 22; iii. 7; iii. 9; vi. 24; Boissier, L’Opp. p. 212 sqq.1892.D. Cass. lxix. 8, καὶ ὁ Εὐφράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος ἀπέθανεν ἐθελοντής, ἐπιτρέψαντος αὐτῷ καὶ τοῦ Ἁδριανοῦ κωνεῖον διὰ τὸ γῆρας καὶ διὰ τὴν νόσον πιεῖν.1893.Ael. Spart. Hadr. c. 24.1894.Diog. Laert. vi. 18; cf. vi. 77, for the death of Diogenes himself.1895.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 29.1896.Ib. c. 33.1897.Ib. c. 34, ἐγὼ δέ, εἰκάζεις, οἶμαι, πῶς ἐγέλων. v. Baur’s view of this piece (Ch. Hist. ii. 170). He thinks the self-immolation of Peregrinus pure fiction, and that Lucian’s object throughout was to discredit Christianity.1898.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 36.1899.Ib. c. 38.1900.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 39.1901.Ib. c. 40.1902.A. Gell. xii. 11, virum gravem atque constantem vidimus ... deversantem in quodam tugurio extra urbem.1903.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 685; Bernays, Luc. u. die Kyniker, p. 27 sq.1904.Epict. Diss. iii. 22, § 23, ἀλλ’ εἰδέναι δεῖ ὅτι ἄγγελος ἀπὸ Διὸς ἀπέσταλται πρὸς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, περὶ ἀγαθῶν καὶ κακῶν ὑποδείξων αὐτοῖς ὅτι πεπλάνηται καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ ζητοῦσι τὴν οὐσίαν τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ὅπου οὐκ ἔστιν, ὅπου δ’ ἔστιν οὐκ ἐνθυμοῦνται κτλ.1905.Ib. iii. 22, §§ 28-30.1906.Ib. § 38, ὅπου οὐ δοκεῖτε οὐδὲ θέλετε ζητῆσαι αὐτό. εἰ γὰρ ἠθέλετε, εὕρετε ἂν ἐν ὑμῖν ὄν κτλ.1907.Epict. Diss. iii. 22, § 47, ἴδετέ με, ὅτι ἄπολίς εἰμι, ἄοικος, ἀκτήμων, ἄδουλος.1908.Ib. § 56, Κυνικῷ δὲ Καῖσαρ τίς ἐστιν ἢ ὁ καταπεπομφὼς αὐτὸν καὶ ᾧ λατρεύει, ὁ Ζεύς.1909.Ib. § 52.1910.Ib. § 67.1911.Ib. § 81, πάντας ἀνθρώπους πεπαιδοποίηται, τοὺς ἄνδρας υἱοὺς ἔχει, τὰς γυναῖκας θυγατέρας.1912.Ib. § 84.1913.Ib. § 100.1914.Epict. iii. 22, §§ 86, 87.1915.Ib. § 93, πρὸ πάντων δὲ τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν αὐτοῦ δεῖ καθαρώτερον εἶναι τοῦ ἡλίου.1916.Bernays, Luc. u. die Kyniker, pp. 36-38.1917.Ib. p. 99.1918.Ib. p. 37; Caspari, De Cyn. p. 25.1919.Ib. p. 5.1920.Luc. (?) Dem. c. 16-21.1921.Sen. Ben. vii. 11; Philostr. Apoll. T. vii. 42.1922.Sen. Ben. vii. i. 3, vir meo judicio magnus etiamsi maximis comparetur; vii. 8, 2.1923.Id. Ep. 20, 9; Vit. B. xviii. 3.1924.Id. De Ben. vii. 1, § 3, egregia hoc dicere solet, Plus prodesse, si pauca praecepta sapientiae teneas, sed illa in promptu tibi sint, etc.1925.Luc. Adv. Indoct. 19.1926.Sen. De Ben. vii. 8, 2.1927.Tac. Ann. xvi. 34.1928.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 25, 42; vi. 13; viii. 10; vii. 42.1929.Epict. Diss. i. 25, § 22, ἀπειλεῖς μοι θάνατον σοὶ δ’ ἡ φύσις.1930.Suet. Vesp. xiii. philosophorum contumaciam lenissime tulit; Dom. x.; D. Cass. lxvi. 13.1931.Bernays, Luc. u. die Kyniker, p. 29.1932.D. Cass. lxvi. 15.1933.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 19; the attempt of Peregrinus in Greece is probably referred to in Jul. Capitol. Ant. P. 5, § 5; cf. Bernays, p. 30; Caspari, De Cyn. p. 15.1934.Bernays, p. 31.1935.Sen. De Prov. 5, §§ 5-7.1936.Luc. Dem. c. 11; Oenom. Fr. 13, οὐκ ἀθάνατοι, ἀλλὰ λίθινοι καὶ ξύλινοι δεσπόται ἀνθρώπων, 14; cf. Julian, Or. vii. 204, a.1937.Caspari, De Cyn. p. 12; Bernays, p. 35; Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 690.1938.Plut. De Def. Or. vii.1939.Julian, Or. vii. 209.1940.Jul. vii. 209, 210, διαφέρουσι γὰρ οὗτοί τι τῶν ἐπ’ ἐρημίας λῃστευόντων καὶ κατειληφότων τὰς ἀκτὰς ἐπὶ τῷ λυμαίνεσθαι τοῖς καταπλέουσι.1941.Bernays, Luc. u. die Kyniker, p. 104, agrees with Bekker that the Demonax can hardly be a genuine work of Lucian. But its author was a contemporary and friend of Demonax (c. i. ἐπὶ μήκιστον συνεγενόμην).1942.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 691, n. 6.1943.Luc. Dem. c. 3 sqq.1944.Ib. c. 3, 24, 31.1945.Ib. c. 62.1946.Luc. (?) Dem. c. 5, 6.1947.Ib. c. 14.1948.Ib. c. 7.1949.Ib. 6.1950.Ib. 9, 10.1951.Ib. c. 11, τραχύτερον ἢ κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ προαίρεσιν ἀπελογήσατο.1952.Ib. c. 37.1953.Ib. 32.1954.Ib. c. 12, 24.1955.Luc. (?) Dem. c. 14, οὗτος, ἔφη, προσειπὼν τὸ ὄνομα, καλεῖ σε Πυθαγόρας.1956.Ib. c. 26, σὺ δὲ μοι ὡς ἐπ’ Ἀγαμέμνονος ἀποκρίνῃ.1957.Ib. c. 55.1958.Ib. c. 57.1959.Ib. c. 63 sqq.1960.D. Chrys. Or. xxxiv. § 2; lxxii. § 2.1961.Cf. Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. 7. For other authorities v. Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 729, n. 1. Martha, Moralistes sous l’Emp. rom. 294, gives a good sketch of Dion’s career.1962.D. Chrys. Or. xiii. § 1.1963.Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. 7.1964.Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. 2; ἔλεγε θαμὰ ἐπιστρεφόμενος ἐς τὸν Δίωνα “τί μὲν λέγεις, οὐκ οἶδα, φιλῶ δέ σε ὡς ἐμαυτόν.”1965.D. Chrys. Or. xiii. § 6, 9, 10, στολήν τε ταπεινὴν ἀναλαβὼν καὶ τἆλλα κολάσας ἐμαυτὸν ἠλώμην πανταχοῦ.1966.Ib. § 12, πολλοὶ γὰρ ἠρώτων προσιόντες, ὅ τι μοι φαίνοιτο ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακόν. ὥστε ἠναγκαζόμην φροντίζειν ὑπὲρ τούτων ἵνα ἔχοιμι ἀποκρίνεσθαι τοὶς ἐρωτώσιν. With the conversion of Dion cf. of that of Isaeus and Polemon, etc., Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. p. 218; Apoll. Tyan. i. 13; iv. 20; Epict. iii. 1; Diog. Laert. iv. 3, § 1.1967.D. Chrys. Or. xxxvii. § 25; iv. § 1; vi.1968.Or. liv.; xiii. § 13, 14, ἐνίοτε ὑπὸ ἀπορίας ᾖα ἐπί τινα λόγον ἀρχαῖον λεγόμενον ὑπό τινος Σωκράτους κτλ.: cf. xviii. § 14, πάντων ἄριστος ἐμοὶ καὶ λυσιτελέστατος πρὸς ταῦτα πάντα Ξενοφῶν.1969.D. Chrys. Or. lxx. § 1, 7; καθόλου βίος ἄλλος μὲν τοῦ φιλοσοφοῦντος, ἄλλος δὲ τῶν πολλῶν ἀνθρώπων; cf. xiii. § 33.1970.Ib. xiii. § 28; xxiii. § 7, οὐκοῦν τὸν τυχόντα ἀγαθοῦ δαίμονος ἡγῇ δικαίως ζῆν καὶ φρονίμως καὶ σωφρόνως; cf. Epict. i. § 14, ἐπίτροπον ἑκάστῳ παρέστησε, τὸν ἑκάστου δαίμονα κτλ. M. Aurel. v. 27.1971.D. Chrys. Or. xxxii. § 9; xxxv. § 2, 3; xxxiv. § 2.1972.Or. xvi. § 2, 3; xxxv. § 8; cf. xiii. § 11, οἱ μὲν γὰρ πολλοὶ τῶν καλουμένων φιλοσόφων αὐτοὺς ἀνακηρύττουσιν κτλ.1973.Or. xiii. § 13, 34, ἐδόκουν δέ μοι πάντες ἄφρονες, φερόμενοι τάντες ἐν ταὐτῷ καὶ περὶ τὰ αὐτά, περί τε χρήματα καὶ δόξας καὶ σωμάτων τινὰς ἡδονάς κτλ.1974.Or. xxxiii. § 17, 23, 32; cf. the ghastly exposure in Or. vii. § 133.1975.Or. xxxiii. §§ 24-28, εἴ τις διέρχοιτο Πέλλαν οὐδὲ σημεῖον ὄψεται πόλεως, οὐδὲν δίχα τοῦ πολὺν κέραμον εἶναι συντετριμμένον ἐν τῷ τόπῳ. Cf. xiii. §§ 33, 34.1976.A good example is the opening of Or. xxxii.1977.Or. xiv. § 2; xiii. § 13, ἐδόκουν δέ μοι πάντες ἄφρονες, κτλ.: cf. Zeller, Phil. der Gr. iii. 1, p. 730, er zeigt mit den Stoikern, dass die wahre Freiheit mit der Vernünftigkeit, die Sklaverei mit der Unvernunft zusammenfalle; cf. Or. xvi. § 4.1978.Or. xvii. 2, 3.1979.Or. xx. § 8, μὴ οὖν βελτίστη καὶ λυσιτελεστάτη πασῶν ἡ εἰς αὐτὸν ἀναχώρησις κτλ. Hatch, Hib. Lec. p. 150.1980.Plin. Ep. x. 17, 23, 24, 58; Bury, Rom. Emp. p. 439.1981.D. Chrys. Or. xxxiv. § 10, 14, 48; xxxviii. § 11; xxxiv. § 16, 19, 29, 31.1982.Ib. xxxvi.1983.D. Chrys. Or. xxxvi. § 15, 8, 9, πάντες οἱ Βορυσθενῖται περὶ τὸν ποιητὴν ἐσπουδάκασιν κτλ. Cf. § 20, 23.1984.Momms. Rom. Prov. i. pp. 326, 354; cf. Aristid. Or. xiv. xv. 223-230 (Dind.).1985.Momms. Rom. Prov. i. p. 362; cf. Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. i. 7; Vit. Soph. i. p. 220, καὶ προβήσεσθαι ἐπὶ μέγα τὰς Κλαζομενὰς ἡγουμένων εἰ τοιοῦτος δὴ ἀνὲρ ἐμπαιδεύσοι σφισίν κτλ.1986.Momms. Rom. Prov. i. pp. 329, 330; cf. Aristid. Or. xv.; Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 7, φρονεῖν ἐκέλευεν ἐφ’ ἑαυτοῖς μᾶλλον ἢ τῷ τῆς πόλεως εἴδει. D. Chrys. Or. xxxiv. 48; Friedl. Sitteng. iii. p. 111.1987.D. Chrys. Or. xxxviii. § 7, 31, 36.1988.Ib. xl. § 27, ἡ δὲ τῶν ἐγγὺς οὕτως καὶ ὀμόρων διαφορὰ καὶ τὸ μῖσος οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἔοικεν ἢ στάσει μιᾶς πόλεως ὅπου καὶ γάμων κοινωνία, κτλ.1989.Ib. xxxviii. §§ 26-31.1990.Ib. xxxiv. §§ 44-48, αἱ μὲν οὖν θῖνες καὶ τὸ πρὸς τῇ λίμνῃ χωρίον οὐδενὸς ἄξια.1991.Ib. xl. § 35.1992.Ib. xxxviii. §§ 42-46.1993.Plin. Ep. x. 96, § 7.1994.Mahaffy, Greek World under Roman Sway, p. 242; Merivale, viii. p. 239; Momms. Rom. Prov. ii. p. 264.1995.Momms. ii. p. 263; D. Chrys. xxxii.; Tac. Hist. iv. 81; Ael. Spart. Hadr. c. 12, 14; D. Cass. lxix. 11; Petron. 31, 68.1996.D. Chrys. Or. xxxii. § 57, 41, 51, 55; Pl. Rep. iii. 399; Arist. Pol. viii. 5.1997.D. Chrys. Or. xxxii. § 75.1998.Ib. § 31, οἷς μόνον δεῖ παραβάλλειν τὸν πολὺν ἄρτον.1999.Ib. § 40.2000.See an excellent analysis of this piece (vii.) in Mahaffy’s Greek World under Roman Sway, pp. 277-288.2001.D. Chrys. Or. vii. § 34 sqq.2002.Ib. §§ 105-108.2003.Ib. §§ 82-89, αἱ γὰρ δὴ φιλοφρονήσεις καὶ χάριτες, ἐὰν σκοπῇ τις ὀρθῶς, οὐδὲν διαφέρουσιν ἐράνων καὶ δανείων.2004.D. Chrys. Or. vii. § 133; Musonius, Stob. Flor. vi. 61; cf. on this subject Denis, Idées Morales, etc. ii. p. 134.2005.D. Chrys. Or. vii. § 139.2006.Ib. x. § 13; xv. § 5; 6, 31; cf. Juv. xiv. 16; Sen. Ben. iii. 21; Ep. 47; cf. Denis, ii. 152; Boissier, Rel. Rom. ii. p. 354.2007.Cf. Newman’s Politics of Aristotle, Introd. p. 144.2008.D. Chrys. Or. xv. § 31.2009.D. Chrys. Or. i. § 13; ii. §§ 75-77; iii. § 39, 62, 107; iv. § 63; cf. Plin. Paneg. 72, 80, 67; Sen. De Clem. i. 13, § 4; i. 19, § 2.2010.D. Chrys. Or. i. § 79; cf. iii. §§ 5, 6.2011.Ib. i. § 52.2012.Ib. § 56.2013.Ib. § 66.2014.Or. iv. § 39.2015.Ib. iii. §§ 51, 62, τὸ ἄρχειν οὐδαμῶς ῥᾴθυμον ἀλλ’ ἐπίπονον κτλ.2016.D. Chrys. Or. iii. §§ 38, 88, 107.2017.Sueton. Dom. xxxiii.; Calig. lx. abolendam Caesarum memoriam ac diruenda templa censuerunt; cf. Or. 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Peregr. c. 29; Friedl. Sittengesch. iii. pp. 454-456. Thiersch, Pol. u. Phil. in Verhältn. zur Rel. p. 10.2043.Luc. Alex. 19; Friedl. Sitteng. iii. p. 470; Thiersch, p. 19.2044.Luc. Deor. Conc. 12, ἀλλὰ ἤδη πᾶς λίθος καὶ πᾶς βωμὸς ... χρησμῳδεῖ.2045.Friedl. Sitteng. iii. pp 474-478; Wolff, De Nov. Orac. Aetate, p. 29 sq.2046.Petron. Sat. 61, 62.2047.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. v. 12; iv. 5; iv. 10; vii. 5.2048.C.I.L. xii. 3070, 4316; viii. 9195; viii. 4578, Jovi, Junoni, Minervae, Soli Mithrae, Herculi, Marti, Genio loci, Diis, Deabusque omnibus; cf. viii. 4578; vi. 504.2049.Luc. Jup. Trag. 8, 9; Deor. Conc. 8 sqq.2050.Philostr. Apoll. T. vi. 40; Baumgart, Aristides als Repräsentant der Soph. Rhet. pp. 62, 84; cf. Apul. Met. xi. c. 5; Macrob. Sat. i. 17.2051.Apul. Met. xi. cc. 3-6.2052.Lamprid. Alex. Sev. c. 29.2053.Apul. Apol. c. 64 (536), totius naturae causa et ratio, summus animi genitor, aeternus animantum sospitator ... neque tempore neque loco neque vice ulla comprehensus, nemini effabilis; cf. Met. xi. c. 25; Denis, Hist. des Idées Morales, ii. p. 264.2054.Thiersch, Pol. u. Phil. in ihrem Verhältn. zur Rel. p. 21, man nennt den Marcus einen Stoiker.... Aber seine Dogmatik und seine ganze Seelenbestimmung gehört schon weit mehr dem Neoplatonismus an. Cf. Bussell, School of Plato, pp. 278-290.2055.Sen. De Ben. iv. 7.2056.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 649. Cf. Sen. Ep. 10, § 5; Ep. 73, § 16; Ep. 41, § 2; Ep. 63, § 7; Ep. 83, § 1; Ep. 95, § 50; Ep. 102, § 28, nulla serenum umbra turbabit; De Prov. iv. 7; De Ira, ii. 27; De Clem. i. 7; De Ben. 1. 29.2057.Epict. i. 9, § 7, τὸ δὲ τὸν θεὸν ποιητὴν ἔχειν καὶ πατέρα καὶ κηδεμόνα, οὐκέτι ἡμᾶς ἐξαιρήσεται λυπῶν καὶ φόβων: cf. i. 3, § 3; Denis, Hist. des Idées Morales, ii. p. 241.2058.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, pp. 179, 184.2059.James, Varieties of Religious Belief, pp. 511, 512.2060.Bussell, School of Plato, p. 296.2061.Sen. Ep. 41, § 2, sacer intra nos spiritus sedet.2062.Yet cf. Zeller, iii. 1, p. 649, der göttliche Beistand, welchen er verlangt, ist kein übernatürlicher. Seneca had broken away unconsciously from the old Stoic idea of God, more than Zeller will admit, or his words have no meaning.2063.Sen. Ep. 95, §§ 51, 52.2064.Ib. 107, § 9; Epict. Diss. iii. 24.2065.Epict. Diss. iii. 20, § 11, κακὸς γείτων; Αὑτῷ· ἀλλ’ ἐμοὶ ἀγαθός· γυμνάζει μου τὸ εὔγνωμον, τὸ ἐπιεικές: iv. 1, § 89; M. Aurel. vi. 44.2066.Epict. i. 16, § 20, τί γὰρ ἄλλο δύναμαι γέρων χωλὸς εἰ μὴ ὑμνεῖν τὸν θεόν; κτλ.2067.M. Aurel. iv. 23.2068.Ib. ix. 40; Sen. Ep. 10, § 5.2069.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 40, ὦδε εὔχομαι, ὦ θεοί, δοίετέ μοι τὰ ὀφειλόμενα. Max. Tyr. Diss. xi. 8, ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν ἠγεῖ τὴν τοῦ φιλοσόφου εὐχὴν αἴτησιν εἶναι τῶν οὐ παρόντων· ἐγὼ δὲ ὁμιλίαν καὶ διάλεκτον πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς περὶ τῶν παρόντων καὶ ἐπίδειξιν τῆς ἀρητῆς.2070.Frag. preserved in S. Aug. De Civ. Dei, vi. 10.2071.D. Chrys. Or. xii. § 24 (412 R); Max. Tyr. Diss. viii. 10.2072.Max. Tyr. Diss. viii. §§ 5-10; Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. vi. 19.2073.Max. Tyr. viii. 10, οὐ νεμεσῶ τῆς διαφωνίας, ἴστωσαν μόνον, ἐράτωσαν μόνον, μνημονευέτωσαν μόνον.2074.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 299 sqq.; S. Aug. De Civ. Dei, vi. 5.2075.Mommsen, Hist. of Rome, i. p. 183 (Tr.); Preller, Rom. Myth. p. 2.2076.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, pp. 18-20.2077.Sen. Ep. 117, §§ 19-30; Epict. Diss. i. 17; M. Aurel. vii. 67. But cf. viii. 13; xii. 14; viii. 3.2078.Luc. Hermot. c. 25, 34, 37 sqq.2079.Überweg, Hist. Phil. i. p. 232; Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 2, p. 83; Thiersch, Politik u. Phil. etc., pp. 15, 16.2080.Flav. Vop. Vit. Saturn. c. 8, § 2, illic qui Serapem colunt Christiani sunt, et devoti sunt Serapi, qui se Christi episcopos dicunt, etc.2081.Max. Tyr. Diss. xiv. 8, ἦ γὰρ ἂν τῷ διὰ μέσου πολλῷ τὸ θνητὸν πρὸς τὸ ἀθάνατον διετειχίσθη τῆς οὐρανίου ἐπόψεώς τε καὶ ὁμιλίας ὅτι μὴ τῆς δαιμονίου ταύτης φύσεως, κτλ. Cf. xvi. 9.2082.Macrob. Som. Scip. i. 8; ii. 17.2083.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 2, pp. 57-62.2084.Sen. Nat. Q. vii. 32, 2, Pythagorica illa invidiosa turbae schola praeceptorem non invenit.2085.Sen. Ep. 49, § 2; 108, § 17.2086.Zeller, iii. 2, p. 85.2087.Überweg, Hist. Phil. i. p. 228; cf. Hatch, Hibbert Lec. p. 148.2088.Überweg, Hist. Phil. i. p. 252; cf. Eunapius, Vit. Iambl.2089.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. i. 3, 1; cf. Ael. Spart. Vit. Sev. 18.2090.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. i. 7.2091.Ib. ii. 38.2092.Ib. i. 11, § 16; i. 31; iv. 19, 20; iv. 41.
Самуэль Дилл
«Римское общество от Нерона до Марка Аврелия»
2093.Ib. iii. 41.2094.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 13; iv. 16.2095.Ib. iv. 1, λόγοι τε περὶ αὐτοῦ ἐφοίτων οἱ μὲν ἐκ τοῦ Κολοφῶνι μαντείου κοινωνὸν τῆς ἑαυτοῦ σοφίας καὶ ἀτεχνῶς σοφὸν τὸν ἄνδρα ᾄδοντες, οἱ δὲ ἐκ Διδύμων.2096.Ib. iv. 41.2097.Ib. iii. 35, τὴν δὲ (ἔδραν ἀποδοτέον) ἐπ’ ἐκείνῃ θεοῖς, οἱ τὰ μέρη αὐτοῦ κυβερνῶσι: cf. Max. Tyr. Diss. xiv. § 6 sqq.2098.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. ii. 37; vi. 11; vii. 26; Max. Tyr. Diss. xiii. § 5.2099.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. vi. 10; iv. 40; v. 12; iv. 18; iv. 44.2100.Ib. iv. 13; iii. 25.2101.Ib. vi. 19.2102.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 40.2103.Ib. iv. 22; iv. 41; v. 26.2104.Gréard, De la Morale de Plutarch, p. 32; Volkmann, Leben, etc. p. 37.2105.For the apocryphal accounts, v. Gréard, p. 3 sqq.2106.Vit. Anton. c. 68, ὁ γοῦν πρόπαππος ἡμῶν Νίκαρχος διηγεῖτο κτλ.: Volkmann, p. 21.2107.Plut. De ΕΙ ap. Delph. c. 1; cf. 17; Vit. Themist. c. 32; Sympos. iii. 1, § 1; ix. 14, § 2; ix. 14, § 7; i. 9; Eunap. Vit. Soph. Prooem. 5, ἐν οἷς Ἀμμώνιός τε ἦν Πλουτάρχου τοῦ θειοτάτου γεγονὼς διδάσκαλος.2108.Sympos. v. 5, § 1, Vit. Agesil. c. 19; Volkmann, pp. 34, 63.2109.Praec. Ger. Reipub. c. 20.2110.Sympos. viii. 7, § 1, Vit. Dem. c. 2. In this passage he says, οὐ σχολῆς οὔσης γυμάζεσθαι περὶ τὴν Ῥωμαικὴν διάλεκτον ὑπὸ χρειῶν πολιτικῶν ... ὀψέ ποτε καὶ πόρρω τῆς ἡλικίας ἠρξάμεθα Ῥωμαικοῖς γράμμασιν ἐντυγχάνειν. Cf. Frat. Am. 4.2111.Suet. Dom. c. xx.; Spart. Vit. Hadr. c. 16, § 5, Aul. Gell. xii. 2; Luc. Lexiph. c. 20; Friedl. Sittengesch. iii. p. 278; Macé, Suétone, p. 96; Gréard, Morale de Plut. p. 33; cf. Sen. Ep. 114, § 13, multi ex alieno seculo petunt verba: duodecim tabulas loquuntur.2112.Friedl. Sittengesch. iii. p. 360.2113.Plut. De Curios. c. 15, ἐμοῦ ποτε ἐν Ῥώμῃ διαλεγομένου Ῥούστικος ἐκεῖνος ὃν ἀπέκτεινε Δομιτιανὸς ... ἠκροᾶτο κτλ.2114.Plut. De Tranq. c. 1; Sympos. i. 9; v. 7, § 10; viii. 1; De Cohib. Ira, c. 1; Sympos. ii. 3; i. 5; cf. Plin. Ep. i. 9; iv. 5; Ep. i. 13; iv. 4; Tac. Agr. c. 2; cf. Suet. Vesp. c. xxii.2115.For a description of this society, see Mahaffy’s Greek World under Rom. Sway, c. xliv.2116.Plut. Consol. ad Ux. c. iv. x.; Conj. Praec. c. xliv.2117.Plut. Praec. Ger. Reipub. c. 15; cf. Sympos. vi. 8, § 1.2118.Plut. An Seni Sit Ger. Resp. c. 17, οἶσθά με τῷ Πυθίῳ λειτουργοῦντα πολλὰς πυθιάδας. Suidas, Πλούταρχος: cf. Volkmann, p. 91.2119.De Def. Orac. c. v. viii.2120.Ib. c. ii.2121.Trench, Plutarch, p. 22; Volkmann, p. 58.2122.Plut. Sympos. ii. 2, § 1 (Eleusis); v. 8, § 1 (Athens); i. 10, § 1; ii. 1, § 1 (Patrae); iii. 1, § 1; iv. 4, § 1 (Aedepsus), χωρίον κατεσκευασμένον οἰκήσεσι ... μάλιστα δ’ ἀνθεῖ τὸ χωρίον ἀκμάζοντος ἔαρος. πολλοὶ γὰρ άφικνοῦνται τὴν ὥραν αὐτόθι, καὶ συνουσίας ποιοῦνται μετ’ ἀλλήλων ἐν ἀφθόνοις πᾶσι, καὶ πλείστας περὶ λόγους ὑπὸ σχολῆς διατριβὰς ἔχουσι: cf. Volkmann, p. 57.2123.Vit. Anton. c. 28, διηγεῖτο γοῦν ἡμῶν τῷ πάππῳ Λαμπρίᾳ Φιλώτας ὁ Ἀμφισσεὺς ἰατρὸς εἶναι μὲν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρεῖᾳ τότε μανθάνων τὴν τέχνην, κτλ.2124.Sympos. ii. 2, § 1; ix. 15, § 1; viii. 6, § 5.2125.De Fr. Am. c. 16.2126.Sympos. iv. 1, 1; iv. 4, 1; v. 10, 1; v. 5, 1.2127.Ib. ix. 4, § 1; Mahaffy, Greek World, etc. p. 338.2128.Plut. Sympos. viii. 2; viii. 7.2129.Vit. Alex. c. 1, οὔτε γὰρ ἱστορίας γράφομεν ἀλλὰ βίους οὔτε ταῖς ἐπιφανεστάταις πράξεσι πάντως ἔνεστι δήλωσις ἀρετῆς ἢ κακίας. So Vit. Nic. c. 1, οὐ τὴν ἄχρηστον ἀθροίζων ἱστορίαν ἀλλὰ τὴν πρὸς κατανόησιν ἤθους καὶ τρόπου παραδιδούς.2130.Vit. Pericl. c. 12.2131.Vit. Cat. Min. c. 70.2132.Gréard, Morale de Plut. pp. 36, 52, 67.2133.Cf. A. Gell. xviii. 2.2134.Plut. De Tranq. c. xx. ἀνὴρ δὲ ἀγαθὸς οὐ πᾶσαν ἡμέραν ἑορτὴν ἡγεῖται; κτλ. 2135.Sen. Ep. 88, ad virtutem nihil conferunt liberalia studia; cf. Ep. 94, 95, § 41.2136.M. Aurel. vii. 35; ix. 41; Epict. Frag. lii.2137.Zeller, Phil. der Gr. iii. 1, p. 720 n.2138.A. Gell. i. 10; ii. 26; vii. 13; xii. 1; Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 20; v. 16.2139.Oakesmith, Rel. of Plutarch, p. 64.2140.Plut. Cic. c. 4.2141.Zeller, Phil. der Gr. iii. 1, p. 534, in der Hauptsache die bedeutendsten Philosophenschulen übereinstimmen, etc.2142.Ib. p. 503.2143.Ib. iii. 2, pp. 144, 145.2144.Sen. Nat. Qu. vii. 32, 2; Academici et veteres et minores nullum antistitem reliquerunt.2145.Epict. Fr. liii.2146.Sympos. vii. 1; Consol. ad Apoll. xxxvi.2147.e.g. De Gen. Socr. xxii. sqq.; De Ser. Num. Vind. xxii.2148.Non posse Suav. vivi sec. Epic. c. ii. τὰ γὰρ αἴσχιστα ῥήματα, βωμολοχίας, ληκυθισμούς, ἀλαζονείας, ἡεταιρήσεις, ἀνδροφονίας ... συνάγοντες Ἀριστοτέλους καὶ Σωκράτους καὶ Πυθαγόρου καὶ τίνος γὰρ οὐχὶ τῶν ἐπιφανῶν, κατεσκέδασαν: Adv. Col. c. ii.2149.Trench, Plut. p. 93.2150.Plut. De Virt. Mor. c. vii. sqq.2151.Adv. Stoicos, c. x. ἀλλὰ ὥσπερ ὁ πηχύν ἀπέχων ἐν θαλάσσῃ ἐπιφανείας οὐδὲν ἥττον πνίγεται τοῦ καταδεδυκότος ὀργυιὰς πεντακοσίας, κτλ. Cf. Sen. Ep. 66, § 10; Zeller, Phil. der. Griech. iii. 1, p. 230.2152.M. Aurel. ix. 32; xii. 32; ix. 14; xi. 1; vii. 1; vi. 46; ix. 14.2153.De Tranq. c. iii., iv., xiv., xvii.; De Cup. Div. iii., iv.; De Exil. v.; De Alex. Virt. c. vi.; ad init.; Zeller, iii. 1. p. 281.2154.Zeller, Phil. der Gr. iii. 1, p. 208; cf. iii. 2, p. 163; Plut. De Virt. Mor. c. viii.2155.De Virt. Mor. l.c.2156.Zeller. iii. 2, p. 154.2157.De Virt. Mor. vii.2158.Ib. iv. sq.; De Cur. i.2159.De Virt. Mor. vi.; Gréard, p. 78.2160.Pl. Phaed. 82 B; cf. Archer-Hind, App. i. to Phaed.2161.Plut. De Cohib. Ira, i. ii.; De Prof. in Virt. xiii. xi. iii.2162.De Prof. iv.; De Cohib. Ira, ii.2163.De Prof. xvii. ἀλλ’ οἵ γε προκόπτοντες, οἷς ἤδη καθάπερ ἱεροῦ τινος οἰκοδομήματος καὶ βασιλικοῦ τοῦ βίου κεκρότηται χρυσέα κρηπὶς οὐδὲν εἰκῆ προσίενται τῶν γινομένων, κτλ. 2164.Adv. St. iv. vii.2165.De Fato, c. ix. (572). (Plut.?)2166.Ib. c. iv. v. οὐ πάντα καθαρῶς οὐδὲ διαρρήδην ἡ εἱμαρμένη περιέχει, ἀλλ’ ὅσα καθόλου.2167.Ib. c. iv. οὕτω καὶ ὁ τῆς φύσεως νόμος τὰ μὲν καθόλου συμπεριλαμβάνει προηγουμένως, τὰ δὲ καθ’ ἕκαστα ἐπομένως.2168.De Fort. c. iii. iv.2169.Gréard, p. 68 sq.2170.Plut. De Rect. Rat. Aud. c. vi. διὸ δεῖ ἀκροάσθαι τοῦ λέγοντος ἴλεων καὶ πρᾷων ὥσπερ ἐφ’ ἑστίασιν ἱερὰν καὶ θυσίας ἀπαρχὴν παρειλημμένον κτλ.: cf. viii. ἀλλ’ εἰς διδασκαλεῖον ἀφῖκται τῷ λόγῳ τὸν βίον ἐπανορθωσόμενος: c. xii.2171.Ib. c. vii. viii.; cf. Sen. Ep. 108, § 6, magnam hanc auditorum partem videbis cui philosophi schola diversorium otii sit, etc.; Epict. Diss. ii. 23.2172.De Rect. Rat. Aud. c. ix. ὅμοιός ἐστι μὴ βουλομένῳ πιεῖν ἀντίδοτον ἂν μὴ τὸ ἀγγεῖον ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς κωλιάδος ᾖ κεκεραμευένον.2173.Ib. c. xii.2174.De Cohib. Ira, c. i. τὸ δὲ σφοδρὸν ἐκεῖνο καὶ διάπυρον πρὸς ὀργὴν ὁρῶντί μοι πρᾷον οὕτω καὶ χειρόηθες τῷ λογισμῷ γεγενημένον ἐπέρχεται πρὸς τὸν θυμὸν εἰπεῖν κτλ. 2175.De Rect. Rat. Aud. c. xii.; cf. De Prof. c. xv. τίθεσθαι πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν τοὺς ὄντας ἀγαθοὺς ἢ γεγενημένους καὶ διανοεῖσθαι τί δ’ ἂν ἔπραξεν ἐν τούτῳ Πλάτων κτλ.2176.Trench, Plut. p. 33.2177.De Tranq. c. xvi. xvii. xiv. xv.2178.Ib. c. xix. ἀγνοουντες ὅσον ἐστὶ πρὸς ἀλυπίαν ἀγαθὸν τὸ μελετᾶν καὶ δύνασθαι πρὸς τὴν τύχην ἀνεῳγόσι τοῖς ὄμμασιν ἀντιβλέπειν.2179.Plut. De Tranq. c. xi. xiii. xiv. ὅτι ἕκαστος ἐν ἑαυτῷ τὰ τῆς εὐθυμίας καὶ τῆς δυσθυμίας ἔχει ταμεῖα.2180.De Prof. c. xiv. δήμωμα δὲ αὐτοῦ πρῶτα μὲν ὁ πρὸς τὰ ἐπαινούμενα ζῆλος καὶ τὸ ποιεῖν εἴναι προθύμους, ἃ θαυμάζομεν, κτλ.2181.Ib. c. i.-iv.2182.Ib. c. x. ὁ δὲ ἐτὸς γενομένος καὶ φῶς μέγα ἰδὼν οἷον ἀνακτόρων ἀνοιγομένων, ὥσπερ θεῷ τῷ λόγῳ ταπεινὸς συνέπεται κτλ.2183.Ib. c. xvii.2184.Ib. c. xv.; cf. Sen. Ep. 11, § 8; aliquis vir bonus nobis eligendus est ... ut sic tanquam illo spectante vivamus, et omnia tanquam illo vidente faciamus.2185.Plut. (?) Consol. ad Apoll. c. vi. vii. sqq.2186.M. Aurel. vii. 1; vii. 19; vi. 15; ἐν δὴ τούτῳ τῷ ποταμῷ τί ἄν τις τούτων παραθεόντων ἐκτιμήσειεν ἐφ’ οὗ στῆναι οὐκ ἔξεστιν: ix. 32; cf. Consol. ad Apoll. c. x. καὶ ᾗ φησιν Ἡράκλειτος, ταὐτό τ’ ἔνι ζῶν καὶ τεθνηκός.2187.Consol. ad Apoll. c. xvii. τό τε πολὺ δήπυθεν ἢ μικρὸν οὐδὲν διαφέρειν δοκεῖ πρὸς τὸν ἄπειρον ἀφορῶσιν αἰῶνα.2188.Ib. c. xiv.2189.Ib. c. xv.; cf. Sen. Ep. 99, § 30; Ep. 36; Ep. 24.2190.Consol. ad Apoll. c. xxxiv. xxxv. καὶ χῶρός τις ἀποτεταγμένος ἐν ᾧ διατρίβουσιν αἱ τούτων ψυχαί: Pind. Ol. ii. 106 sqq.2191.Plut. De Virt. Mor. c. vi.2192.S. Aug. De Civ. Dei, iv. 27; vi. 2.2193.Macrob. Sat. i. c. 17; cf. Roman Society in the Last Century of the W. Empire, p. 77 (1st ed.).2194.De Def. Or. c. 2.2195.De Is. et Osir. c. lxxix.2196.De ΕΙ ap. Delph. c. xix. ὅθεν οὐδ’ ὅσιόν ἐστιν οὐδὲν τοῦ ὄντος λέγειν ὡς ἦν ἢ ἔσται.2197.De Is. et Osir. c. 54, 78; De ΕΙ ap. Delph. c. 20; Def. Or. c. 9, ad fin.; Oakesmith, Rel. of Plut. p. 88; Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 2, p. 148; De Is. et Osir. c. 40, 66; non p. Suav. c. 22, βοηθεῖν πέφυκεν, ὀργίζεσθαι δὲ καὶ κακῶς ποιεῖν οὐ πέφυκεν: De Ser. Num. Vind. c. iv. v. xviii.; Nitsch, De Plut. Theologo, p. 8; Gréard, Morale de Plut. p. 263; cf. Burgmann, Seneca’s Theologie, pp. 14-20.2198.Zeller, iii. 2, p. 152; De Is. c. 45-49; De St. Rep. c. 33.2199.Plut. De An. Procr. c. 6.2200.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 2, p. 155; Plat. Tim. 29, 30.2201.Diog. Laert. ix. § 18, γέγραφε δὲ καὶ [Ξενοφάνης] ἰάμβους καθ’ Ἡσιόδου καὶ Ὁμήρου ἐπισκώπτων αὐτῶν τὰ περὶ θεῶν εἰρημένα: v. extracts in Ritter and Preller, Hist. Phil. p. 82; Plat. Rep. ii. pp. 378-380.2202.Plut. De Is. c. xxiii. ὃς (Εὐήμερος) ... πᾶσαν αθεότητα κατασκεδάννυσι τῆς οἰκουμένης.2203.Plut. De Def. Or. c. 18, 21.2204.Sen. Ep. 10, § 5; Ep. 41, § 1; Pers. ii. 73; Max. Tyr. Diss. xi. § 8, σὺ μὲν ἡγεῖ τὴν τοῦ φιλοσόφου εὐχὴν αἴτησιν τῶν οὐ παρόντων· ἐγὼ δὲ ὁμιλίαν καὶ διάλεκτον πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς περὶ τῶν παρόντων, κτλ.: Martha, Moralistes sous l’Emp. p. 163; Denis, Idées Morales, ii. p. 245 sqq.2205.Of the life of Maximus of Tyre little is known. He began his career as a teacher probably about 155 A.D. Like other philosophers of his time, he had travelled widely. See the references to Arabia and Phrygia in Diss. viii., e.g. § 8, Ἀράβιοι μὲν σέβουσι μὲν ὅντινα δὲ οὐκ οἶδα· τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα εἶδον, λίθος ἦν τετράγωνος. Cf. Zeller, iii. 2, p. 183 n.2206.Max. Tyr. Diss. iv. § 7.2207.Ib. xvi. § 1, § 8.2208.Ib. xvii. § 8.2209.Ib. § 10.2210.Max. Tyr. Diss. xvii. § 11.2211.Ib. xi. § 2, § 7.2212.Ib. viii. § 2, ἀλλ’ ἀσθενὲς ὃν κομιδῇ τὸ ἀνθρωπεῖον καὶ διεστὸς τοῦ θείου ὅσον οὐρανοῦ γῆ, σημεῖα ταῦτα ἐμηχανήσατο.2213.Chrys. Or. xii. § 59 (404 R).2214.Max. Tyr. Diss. x. § 3, ἡ ψυχὴ ... ἐδεῖτο φιλοσοφίας μουσικῆς τινος κτλ. Cf. § 5, πάντα μεστὰ αἰνιγμάτων καὶ παρὰ ποιηταῖς καὶ παρὰ φιλοσόφοις.2215.Ib. x. § 3.2216.Plut. De Is. lxviii.; xx.; Max. Tyr. x. §§ 5-7; cf. Macrob. Som. Scip. i. 2, 7-19; Hatch, Hibbert Lec. p. 55 sq.2217.Plut. De Is. lxvi. ad fin.2218.Plut. De Is. c. lxvii. ὥσπερ ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη καὶ οὐρανὸς καὶ γῆ κοινὰ πᾶσιν, ὀνομάζεται δ’ ἄλλος ὑπ’ ἄλλων, οὕτως ἑνὸς λόγου τοῦ ταῦτα κοσμοῦντος καὶ μιᾶς προνοίας ἐπιτροπευούσης, καὶ δυνάμεων ὑπουργῶν ἐπὶ πάντας τεταγμένων, ἕτεραι παρ’ ἑτέροις κατὰ νόμους γεγόνασι τιμαὶ καὶ προσηγορίαι, κτλ.2219.Ib. c. lxi.; xxxv.; cf. Herodot. ii. c. 50.2220.Plut. De Is. c. xxxv.2221.Ib. c. xx.2222.Plut. De Is. c. xxiii. πᾶσαν ἀθεότητα κατασκεδάννυσι τῆς οἰκουμένης.2223.Ib. c. lxvi.2224.Apul. De Deo Socr. c. vi. (133).2225.Max. Tyr. Diss. xiv. §§ 7, 8.2226.Cf. Rohde, Psyche, ii. 361, 1. M. Aurel. v. 10, 27, ὅτι ἔξεστί μοι μηδὲν πρᾶττειν παρὰ τὸν ἐμὸν θεὸν καὶ δαίμονα: vii. 17; Epict. i. 14, § 12, καὶ (ὁ θεὸς) ἐπίτροπον ἑκάστῳ παρέστησε, τὸν ἑκάστου δαίμονα, καὶ παρέδωκε φυλάσσειν αὐτὸν αὐτῷ, κτλ.2227.Plut. De Sera Num. Vind. c. xxii.2228.Apul. De Deo Socr. c. xiii.; Max. Tyr. xv. § 4; Plut. De Def. Or. c. x.2229.Plut De Def. Or. c. xvii.2230.Max. Tyr. xv. § 3.2231.Plut. De Def. Or. c. xviii.2232.Ib. c. xxi.2233.Plut. De Is. c. xxv.; De Def. Or. c. x.2234.Hes. Op. et D. 125; cf. Rohde, Psyche, i. p. 96.2235.For the spiritual influences at work v. Lobeck, Aglaoph. p. 312; Grote, i. p. 23; Bury, Hist. of Greece, p. 312; Hardie, Lectures, p. 57.2236.Diog. Laert. i. 27, ἀρχὴν δὲ τῶν πάντων ὕδωρ ὑπεστήσατο, καὶ τὸν κόσμον ἔμψυχον καὶ δαιμόνων πλήρη.2237.Heracl. Reliq. p. 26 Bywater, Ἀθάνατοι θνητοί, θνητοὶ ἀθάνατοι ζῶντες τὸν ἐκείνων θάνατον, τὸν δὲ ἐκείνων βίον τεθνεῶντες. ὁ δὲ Ἡράκλειτός φησιν ὅτι καὶ τὸ ζῆν καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν καὶ ἐν τῷ ζῆν ἡμᾶς ἐστι καὶ ἐν τῷ τεθνάναι, κτλ. Cf. ἀνὴρ νήπιος ἤκουσε πρὸς δαίμονος ὅπωσπερ παῖς πρὸς ἀνδρός. Ritter and Preller, Hist. Phil. p. 23; Diog. Laert. ix. 1, § 7.2238.Ritter and Preller, Hist. Phil. pp. 126, 7; Hild, Étude sur les Démons, p. 228.2239.Diog. Laert. viii. 1, § 30 sqq.2240.Pind. Ol. ii. 105 sqq. ἔνθα μακάρων νᾶσος ὠκεανίδες αὖραι περιπνέοισιν· ἄνθεμα δὲ χρυσοῦ φλέγει τὰ μὲν χερσόθεν ἀπ’ ἀγλαῶν δενδρέων, ὕδωρ δ’ ἄλλα φέρβει.2241.Sympos. 202 E; Polit. 271 D; Phaed. 107 D, 108 B; Tim. 90 A.2242.Max. Tyr. Diss. xiv. § 8.2243.Plat. Rep. ii. 377-380.2244.Plut. De Is. c. xlv. αἰτίαν δὲ κακοῦ τἀγαθὸν οὐκ ἂν παράσχοι, δεῖ γένεσιν ἰδίαν καὶ ἀρχήν, ὥσπερ ἀγαθοῦ καὶ κακοῦ, τὴν φύσιν ἔχειν: cf. Hatch, Hibbert Lec. p. 218.2245.De Is. c. xxvi. ὡς τῶν δαιμόνων μικτὴν καὶ ἀνώμαλον φύσιν ἐχόντων καὶ προαίρεσον: De Def. Or. c. x., c. xvi.2246.De Is. c. xxv.2247.Mr. Oakesmith thinks that Plutarch tended to identify them, Rel. of Plut. p. 127.2248.Tatian, Adv. Gr. 20; Clem. Alex. Ad Gent. 26; Cypr. Ep. 75, 10; Min. Felix, c. 26, 27, isti igitur impuri spiritus daemones, ... sub statuis et imaginibus delitescunt, et adflatu suo auctoritatem quasi praesentis numinis consequuntur, dum inspirant interim vates, dum fanis immorantur ... sortes regunt, oracula efficiunt, falsis pluribus involuta, etc. Cf. Tertull. Apol. c. xxii. operatio eorum est hominis eversio.... Itaque corporibus quidem et valitudines infligunt et aliquos casus acerbos, etc. Cf. De Idol. c. ix; Maury, La Magie, p. 99 sqq.2249.Aug. De Civ. Dei, viii. 14-22.2250.Cic. De Div. ii. 57, 117, cur isto modo jam oracula Delphis non eduntur ... ut nihil possit esse contemptius? Strab. vii. 7, 9, ἐκλέλοιπε δέ πως καὶ τὸ μαντεῖον τὸ ἐν Δωδώνῃ καθάπερ τἆλλα.2251.Herodot. viii. 134.2252.Plut. De Def. Or. c. v. viii.2253.D. Cass. lxiii. 14, καὶ τὸ μαντεῖον κατέλυσεν, ἀνθρώπους ἐς τὸ στόμιον, ἐξ οὗ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα ἀνῄει, σφάξας.2254.Plut. De Def. Or. c. ii.2255.De Pyth. Or. c. xxix.; v. Gréard, p. 252.2256.De Pyth. Or. c. x. τοῦτό γε μᾶλλον ῥίψαι καὶ διασπεῖραι λόγους ... οἷς πλανωμένοις ἀπῄντῃσε πολλάκις ἡ τύχη, κτλ.2257.De Pyth. Or. c. xi.2258.Ib. c. v. xvii.2259.Ib. c. xix.2260.Ib. c. xxiii.2261.Ib. c. xxiv.2262.Ib. xxii. τραφεῖσα ἐν οἰκίᾳ γεωργῶν πενήτων κτλ.2263.De Pyth. Or. c. xxv. πλείστης μέντοι ποιητικὴν ἐνέπλησεν ἀδοξίας τὸ ἀγυρτικὸν καὶ ἀγοραῖον καὶ περὶ τὰ μητρῷα καὶ σεράπεια βωμολόχον καὶ πλανώμενον γένος κτλ.2264.De Def. Or. c. viii.2265.Ib. c. ix. εὐηθές γὰρ κομιδῇ τὸ οἴσεθαι τὸν θεὸν αὐτὸν ... ἐνδυόμενον εἰς τὰ σώματα τὼν προφητὼν ὑποφθέγγεσθαι; c. xlviii.; De Pyth. Or. c. xxi.2266.De Def. Or. xlii. ψυχῆς τὸ μαντικὸν ὥσπερ ὄμμα δεῖται τοῦ συνεξάπτοντος οἰκείου καὶ συνεπιθήγοντος.2267.Ib. c. x. xii. φύσεις εἰσί τινες ἐν μεθορίῳ θεῶν καὶ ἀνθρώπων, δεχόμεναι πάθη θνητά, οὗς δαίμονας ὀρθῶς ἔχει κατὰ νόμον πατέρων σέβεσθαι: cf. Plat. Sympos. 202 E; Apul. De Deo Socr. c. vi.; Max. Tyr. Diss. xiv. §§ 2-8.2268.De Def. Or. c. xliii. τῶν δὲ περὶ αὐτὴν (τὴν γῆν) δυνάμεων πῆ μὲν ἐκλείψεις πῆ δὲ γενέσεις ... εἰκὸς ἐστι συμβαίνειν, κτλ.2269.Ib. c. xxxviii.; Maury, p. 149.2270.Plut. De Def. Or. c. xlvi.2271.De Gen. Socr. c. xi. xx.; cf. Hild, Étude sur les Démons, p. 263 sqq.2272.De Gen. Socr. c. xi. ἀκούω δὲ καὶ τὴν ἐν Σικελίᾳ τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως φθορὰν προειπεῖν αὐτόν κτλ.2273.Plut. De Gen. Socr. c. xx.2274.Philostr. Apoll. T. vi. 11.2275.De Gen. Socr. c. xx. αἱ δὲ τῶν δαιμόνων φέγγος ἔχουσαι τοῖς δυναμένοις ἐλλάμπουσιν, οὐ δεόμεναι ῥημάτων οὐδ’ ὀνομάτων κτλ. οὕτως οἱ τῶν δαιμόνων λόγοι διὰ πάντων φερόμενοι μόνοις ἐνηχούσι τοῖς ἀθόρυβον ἦτος καὶ νήμενον ἔχουσι τὴν ψυχήν· οὓς δὲ καὶ ἱεροὺς καὶ δαιμονίους ἀνθρώπους καλοῦμεν; cf. De Def. Or. c. xxxvii.2276.De Def. Or. c. xxxix.2277.De Def. Or. c. xxxix.2278.Cic. De Nat. Deor. i. 17, 42, § 117; ii. 28, § 70; De Div. ii. 72; Sen. Ep. 123; Boissier, Rel. Rom. i. 23.2279.Lamprid. Com. c. 9.2280.Vop. Aurelian. c. 35, § 3.2281.Plut. De Superst. c. 5, 6, ἡ μὲν ἀθεόθης ἀπάθεια πρὸς τὸ θεῖόν ἐστι ... ἡ δὲ δεισιδαιμονία πολυπάθεια κακὸν τὸ ἀγαθὸν ὑπονοοῦσα.2282.De Superst. c. 3, μόνη γὰρ οὐ σπένδεται πρὸς τὸν ὕπνον ... εἴδωλα φρικώδη καὶ τεράστια φάσματα καὶ ποινάς τινας ἐγείρουσα καὶ στροβοῦσα τὴν ἀθλίαν ψυχήν.2283.Ib. c. 4, συνάπτουσα τῷ θανάτῳ κακῶν ἐπίνοιαν ἀθανάτων.2284.Ib. c. 6, φοβοῦνται τοὺς θεοὺς καὶ καταφεύγουσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς θεούς, κολακεύουσι καὶ λοιδοροῦσιν. Cf. Bacon’s Essays, Of Superstition, “It were better to have no opinion of God at all, than such an opinion as is unworthy of Him.”2285.Gréard, p. 269.2286.Luc. i. 65; iii. 991; cf. Cic. De Div. ii. 72.2287.Apul. Met. xi. c. 24.2288.Juv. vi. 523, 547; Mart. vii. 54; Luc. Philops. c. 7-13.2289.Eurip. Ion, 104.2290.Liv. xliii. 13.2291.Cic. De Div. ii. 24.2292.Tac. Ann. xi. 15, rettulit deinde ad senatum super collegio haruspicum, ne vetustissima Italiae disciplina per desidiam exolesceret.2293.Warde Fowler, Rom. Festivals, p. 343.2294.D. Cass. lii. 36, τοὺς δὲ ξενίζοντάς τι περὶ τὸ θεῖον καὶ μίσει καὶ κόλαζε.2295.Suet. Octav. xxxi.2296.Cic. De Leg. ii. 9; Fowler, Rom. Fest. p. 233.2297.Ov. Fast. iii. 285; Lucr. i. 131; Liv. i. 20.2298.Val. Max. i. 3, 3; cf. Cic. De Div. ii. 43.2299.Aul. Gell. iii. 10.2300.Cic. In Catil. iii. 4; cf. Plut. Vit. Cic. c. 17.2301.Suet. Octav. xciv. xcvii.2302.Cf. D. Cass. lxvi. 9, τούς τε ἀστρολόγους ἐκ τῆς Ῥώμης ἐξώρισεν (Οὐεσπασιανὸς) καίτοι πᾶσι τοῖς ἀρίστοις χρώμενος.2303.Suet. Dom. x. interemit Met. Pompeianum quod habere imperatoriam genesin vulgo ferebatur.2304.Tac. Ann. xii. 52; ii. 32, 75; D. Cass. xlix. 43; Suet. Vitell. xiv.2305.Suet. Tib. lxix., circa deos negligentior quippe addictus mathematicae, etc.2306.Ib. xiv. Yet cf. his love of mythical nugae, ib. lxx.2307.Juv. x. 94. See the remarkable chapters in Tac. Ann. vi. 21-22.2308.Tac. Ann. xii. 52.2309.Suet. Ner. lx.; xxxiv., facto per magos sacro evocare manes et exorare tentavit.2310.Ib. xl.2311.Suet. Galb. xviii.2312.Suet. Otho, iv.2313.Tac. Hist.
i. 22.2314.Suet. Otho, vii. viii.2315.Tac. Hist. ii. 50.2316.Suet. Vitell. iii. xi. xiv.2317.Tac. Hist. ii. 62.2318.D. Cass. lxv. 1, ἀντιπαρήγγειλαν ἀπαλλαγῆναι ἐκ τοῦ βίου ἐντὸς τῆς ἡμέρας κτλ.2319.Ib. lxvi. 9, 10.2320.Tac. Hist. ii. 78.2321.Suet. Titus, v. viii. ix.2322.Id. Dom. xiv. xv.2323.Suet. Dom. x. xiv. xv. xvi.; D. Cass. lxvii. 15, πάντως γὰρ καὶ ὁ Δομιτιανὸς τῶν πρώτων τάς τε ἡμέρας καὶ τὰς ὥρας ἐν αἷς ἐγεγένητο διασκοπῶν ... προανήλισκε.2324.Spart. Hadr. c. 16; cf. Renan, L’Égl. Chrét. c. 2.2325.Spart. Hadr. c. 2, § 4.2326.D. Cass. lxix. 11, μαντείαις μαγγανείαις τε παντοδαπαῖς ἐχρῆτο κτλ.2327.Spart. Hadr. c. 16, § 7.2328.Id. M. Anton. c. 19.2329.D. Cass. lxxi. 8.2330.Luc. Alex. c. 35, 47.2331.M. Aurel. x. 5; ix. 27: on the Stoic belief in divination, v. Cic. De Div. i. 38 (82); Zeller, Phil. der Griechen, iii. 1, p. 313 sqq.2332.Plin. Ep. iii. 5, § 4.2333.Plin. Ep. vii. 27.2334.Ib. i. 18, v. 5, 5; cf. Mayor’s learned note on iii. 5, 4; Gregorovius, Hadrian, p. 229 sqq.2335.Suet. Jul. Caes. lxxvii.2336.Id. Octav. xciii.2337.Cf. Macé, Suétone, p. 59 sqq.2338.Apul. Met. iv. 27; i. 8; cf. Petron. Sat. 62, 63.2339.v. Fabian, Quid Tac. de num. div. judicaverit, pp. 7, 13, 16, 21, 24, 29; Nipperdey, Einleitung, xiv. xxvi.; Tac. Hist. v. 5; ii. 38; Ann. iii. 18; vi. 22; xiv. 12; cf. Peter, Die Gesch. Litt. ii. p. 221.2340.Tac. Agric. c. 2, 4; Hist. iv. 5; Ann. xiv. 12.2341.Agric. c. 45; Hist. i. 2; iii. 37; Ann. i. 7.2342.Ann. i. 1.2343.Hist. i. 3 ad fin.2344.Ann. xvi. 33, aequitate deum erga bona malaque documenta.2345.Ib. vi. 22; cf. Mackail, Rom. Lit. p. 210.2346.Hist. i. 22, genus hominum potentibus infidum sperantibus fallax, quod in civitate nostra et vetabitur semper et retinebitur; cf. Hist. v. 4; Ann. vi. 28; iv. 58; cf. Fabian, p. 19.2347.Hist. ii. 50.2348.Ib. iv. 81; cf. Nipperdey, Einl. xxvi.2349.Hist. ii. 50; iv. 81; i. 6; i. 18; v. 13; Ann. i. 65; ii. 14; Hist. iii. 56; iv. 83; cf. Fabian, Quid Tac. de num. div. judicaverit, p. 19.2350.Peter, Gesch. Litt. ii. p. 42.2351.Tac. Hist. iii. 83, simul cruor et strues corporum, juxta scorta et scortis similes, etc.2352.Suet. Nero, c. iv. vi.2353.Id. Calig. xxi. xxii. xxix. xxxiv. xxxvii.; cf. Mackail, Rom. Lit. p. 213.2354.Suet. Nero, lvii.2355.Epict. Diss. ii. 7, § 10, τί οὖν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὸ συνεχῶς μαντεύεσθαι ἄγει; Ἡ δειλία, τὸ φοβεῖσθαι τὰς ἐκβάσεις.2356.Ib. ὡς ὁ ὁδοιπόρος πυνθάνεται ... ποτέρα τῶν ὁδῶν φέρει ... οὕτως ἔδει καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν θεὸν ἔρχεσθαι, ὡς ὁδηγόν. Cf. Ench. 32.2357.Warde Fowler, Roman Festivals, p. 72; Preller, Rom. Myth. (Tr.), p. 381.2358.Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii. p. 273, ἐθαύμαζε δὲ τὸν Ἡρώδην ὡς ποικιλώτατον ῥητόρων: cf. Praef. Jac. Perizonii ed. Aeliana, Gronov.; Suid. καὶ ἐσοφίστευσεν ἐν Ῥώμῃ αὐτῇ ἐπὶ τῶν μετὰ Ἁδριανὸν χρόνων.2359.Ael. Var. Hist. xi. 13.2360.v. Fragm. Ael. ap. Gronov. p. 1014.2361.Ib. p. 1022.2362.Ib. p. 1024.2363.Ib. p. 1023.2364.Ib. p. 1011.2365.Ib. p. 1030.2366.Fragm. Ael. pp. 1009, 1034.2367.Ib. p. 1013.2368.Ib. p. 1049.2369.Ib. p. 1051.2370.v. Jebb’s Aristides, Collect. Hist. § vi.2371.Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii. p. 253.2372.Friedl. Sittengesch. iii. p. 440 sqq.; Baumgart, Ael. Aristides als Repräsentant der Soph. Rhet. pp. 68, 96.2373.Baumgart rejects Welcker’s view of the essentially religious character of Aristides, pp. 112, 113.2374.Baumgart, pp. 62, 102, Bald ist in der ganzen Heilungsgeschichte dies die Hauptsache, dass nun sein Rhetorentum die höchste Weihe erhalten habe.2375.Id. p. 62.2376.Baumgart, pp. 60, 61.2377.Id. p. 64.2378.v. c. iii. of Pater’s Marius the Epicurean.2379.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iii. 44; D. Cass. lxix. 22, Ἁδριανὸς δὲ μαγγανείαις μέν τισι καὶ γοητείαις ἐκενοῦτό ποτε τοῦ ὑγροῦ.2380.Caton, Temples and Ritual of Asklepios, p. 27.2381.Baumgart, p. 97; cf. Aristid. Or. p. 574 (Jebb’s Ed.), 531.2382.Aristid. Or. p. 530 (Jebb).2383.Caton, p. 29.2384.Maury, La Magie, p. 231.2385.S. Hieron. in Is. c. lv. p. 482.2386.Pausan. ix. 39, § 4; Max. Tyr. Diss. xiv. 2.2387.Plut. De Def. Or. c. 41-46; Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. i. 8; cf. Maury, La Magie, p. 237.2388.Apul. Met. xi. c. 22.2389.Max. Tyr. xvi. i.; Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. ii. 37; vi. 11.2390.See a list in Tertullian, De Anima, c. 46.2391.Strab. xvii. 17 (1052).2392.Diod. Sic. i. 25.2393.Cic. De Div. i. 58.2394.Wolff, De Nov. Orac. Aet. p. 29.2395.Caton, p. 28.2396.Diod. Sic. i. 25.2397.Wolff, De Nov. Orac. Aet. p. 31, Ejus sacerdotes fraudibus famosi opportune Isidis templo Pompeiano culpae convicti sunt; ubi ipse scalinam vidi secretam, etc. Maury, La Magie, pp. 237-8.2398.Cf. Maury, p. 240.2399.See a list in Caton, p. 36 sq.2400.Caton, p. 28; Pausan. ii. 27, § 5; cf. Strab. viii. 6, § 15.2401.Caton, pp. 40, 38.2402.Baumgart, p. 101.2403.Cf. Aristid. Or. 536-538 (Jebb, t. i.).2404.Aristid. Or. 537, Ἕβρος πᾶς ἠπείρωτο ὑπὸ κριστάλλου, πεδία δὲ λιμνάζοντα.2405.Ib. 538, καὶ τέλος, οἱ ἰατροὶ κατέτεμνον ἐκ τοῦ στήθους ἀρξάμενοι πάντα ἑξῆς ἄχρι πρὸς τὴν κύστιν κατω. κτλ.2406.Ib. 541, οὔτε βοηθεῖν εἴχον οὔτε ἐγνώριζον τὴν ποικιλίαν τῆς νόσου. τοσοῦτον δ’ οὖν συνέδοξεν εἰς τὰς πηγὰς τὰς θερμὰς κομίσαι. Cf. 514, κτλ., and Collect. Hist. ad an. 160, in Jebb’s Ed.2407.Ib. 504.2408.Ib. 554, τὸ δὲ στῆθος ἔξω παρεωθεῖτο καὶ τὸ νῶτον εἰς τοὔπισθεν ἀντεσπᾶτο ἠρέμει δὲ οὐδὲν τοῦ σώματος, κτλ.2409.Arist. Or. 501-3, 506, 531, 532.2410.Aristid. Or. 521.2411.Ib. 504-5, 541-2.2412.Baumgart, p. 101; Aristid. Or. p. 550 (Jebb, t. i.).2413.Aristid. Or. 553; Baumgart, p. 99.2414.Aristid. Or. 506, 515; cf. Baumgart, p. 122.2415.Aristid. Or. 505, οἱ δὲ ἐνεκάλουν ὡς λίαν ἅπαντα ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀνείρασι ποιουμένῳ, κτλ.2416.Ib. 529.2417.Baumgart, p. 64, und dabei entwickelte sich der Glaube, dass er dem Asklepios alles verdanke, Leib, Leben, und speciell die Gabe der Rede, etc.; cf. p. 68, erhebt er ihn auch als den eigentlichen Verleiher und Spender seiner rednerischen Gaben, etc., p. 69, er dem Gotte einen stärkeren und bleibenden Einfluss auch auf die Gestaltung seines inneren Lebens zuschreibt.2418.Id. p. 69.2419.Aristid. Or. 512, εὐθὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς προεῖπεν ὁ θεὸς ἀπογράφειν τὰ ὀνείρατα.2420.Baumgart, pp. 112, 123.2421.On his vanity v. Baumgart, p. 110. The most glaring example is in Or. Sac. 4, 591-2, ἐξεβόησα, εἶς, λέγων τὸν θεόν, καὶ ὅς ἔφη, σὺ εἶ.2422.Artemid. Oneirocrit. iii. 66.2423.Ib. i. 1, διὰ τὴν εὐχρηστίαν οὐ μόνον τὴν ἡμῶν αὐτῶν ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν μετέπειτα ἐσωμένων ἀνθρώπων.2424.Ib. Cf. Tertullian, De An. 46, 47.2425.Artemid. Oneirocrit. οὐ γὰρ ἀπὸ πείρας ἀλλ’ αὐτοσχεδιάζοντες ... οὕτως ἔγραφον. Praef.2426.Ib. ii. 70, ad fin.2427.Ib. i. Praef., οὐκ ἔστιν ὅ τι βιβλίον οὐκ ἐτησάμην ὀνειροκριτικόν.2428.Artemid. Oneirocrit. iv. 71.2429.Ib. ἀλλὰ ποτὲ μὲν ἁπλῶς λέγουσι, ποτὲ δὲ αἰνίσσονται ... ἐπειδὴ καὶ σοφώτεροι ὄντες ἡμῶν αὐτῶν οὐδὲν ἡμᾶς ἀβασανίστως βούλονται λαμβάνειν.2430.Ib. ii. 69.2431.Maury, p. 241.2432.Artemid. Oneirocrit. iv. Praef.2433.Ib. ii. 4.2434.Ib. i. 13, 17.2435.Ib. i. 22.2436.Ib. i. 37, 39.2437.Ib. i. 51.2438.Ib. i. 66.2439.Ib. v. 18.2440.Artemid. Oneirocrit. v. Praef.2441.Luc. Concil. Deor. c. 12, ἀλλ’ ἤδη πᾶς λίθος καὶ πᾶς βωμὸς χρησμῳδεῖ, κτλ. Cf. Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 14.2442.Cic. De. Div. ii. 57, cur isto modo iam oracula Delphis non eduntur non modo nostra aetate, sed jamdiu, jam ut nihil possit esse contemptius?2443.Strab. ix. 3, 4, (419), ὠλιγώρεται δ’ ἱκανῶς καὶ τὸ ἱερόν, κτλ.: vii. 7, 9, (328) (Dodona); xvii. 1, 43 (Ammon).2444.Plut. De Def. Or. c. 5.2445.Plut. De Def. Or. c. 8, 38.2446.Id. Cic. c. 5.2447.Tac. Ann. ii. 54.2448.Suet. Tib. c. xiv.2449.Id. Calig. c. lvii.2450.Id. Nero, xl.2451.Tac. Hist. ii. 78.2452.Suet. Tit. c. v.2453.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 24.2454.Luc. Alex. c. 29.2455.Friedl. Sittengesch. iii. p. 469.2456.D. Cass. lxiii. 14.2457.v. Wolff. De Nov. Orac. Aet. p. 5.2458.Ib. pp. 6, 52.2459.Luc. Alex. c. 3, ὀφθαλμοὶ πολὺ τὸ γοργὸν καὶ ἔνθεον διεμφαίνοντες, κτλ.2460.Luc. Alex. c. 4, 5.2461.Ib. c. 8, ῥᾳδίως κατενόησαν τὸν τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίον ὑπὸ δυοῖν τούτοιν μεγίστοιν τυραννούμενον.2462.Ib. c. 9.2463.Ib. c. 12.2464.Ib. c. 15-18.2465.Ib. c. 20.2466.Luc. Alex. c. 23, ἐτέτακτο δὲ καὶ μισθὸς ἐφ’ ἑκάστῳ χρησμῷ δραχμὴ καὶ δύ’ ὀβολώ.2467.If I am right in interpreting Lucian’s statement, ἀλλ’ εἰς ἑπτὰ ἢ ὀκτὼ μυριάδας ἑκάστου ἔθους ἤθροιζεν.2468.Luc. Alex. c. 23, ἅπασιν ἔνεμεν ἑκάστῳ τὸ κατ’ ἀξίαν.2469.Ib. c. 24.2470.Ib. c. 51, ἀλλὰ καὶ βαρβάροις πολλάκις ἔχρησεν ... Συριστὶ ἢ Κελτιστί.2471.Ib. c. 30, ἀλλόκοτα περὶ τῶν θεῶν πεπιστευκώς, κτλ.2472.Ib. c. 31.2473.Ib. c. 32.2474.Ib. c. 30, ἐν πολλαῖς τάξεσι ἐξητασμένος.2475.Luc. Alex. c. 35.2476.Ib. c. 38, εἴ τις ἄθεος ἢ Χριστιανὸς ἢ Ἐπικούρειος ἥκει κατάσκοπος τῶν ὀργίων, κτλ.: cf. 25, λέγων ἀθέων ἐμπεπλῆσθαι καὶ Χριστιανῶν τὸν Πόντον, κτλ.2477.Ib. c. 46.2478.Ib. cc. 53 sqq.2479.Jul. Capitol. M. Ant. cc. 22, 17.2480.Luc. Alex. cc. 36-48.2481.Luc. Alex. c. 38.2482.Friedl. Sittengesch. iii. 456.2483.Or. Henz. 1810, 5320; cf. Preller, Rom. Myth. (Tr.), p. 415.2484.D. Cass. lxix, 11; cf. Gregorov. Hadrian, p. 128.2485.Luc. De Morte Peregr. c. 29.2486.Jul. Capitol. M. Ant. c. 18, hodieque in multis domibus M. Antonini statuae consistunt inter deos penates ... sacrilegus judicatus est qui ejus imaginem in sua domo non habuit.2487.Max. Tyr. Diss. xiv. 8.2488.Petron. Sat. 17.2489.Herod. i. 60.2490.Preller, Myth. Rom. p. 65, 66, 387.2491.Cf. Or. Henz. Ind. pp. 27, 28; v. especially 1730 (genius Jovis), 1812 (Neronis), 193 (Arvernorum), 2204 (Col. Ostiensis), 689 (municipii), 1704 (legionis), 4113 (pavimentariorum), 6628 (fontis).2492.Or. Henz. 2135, Sei Deo Sei Deivae Sac. etc.; 1580, Aesculapio et Hygiae caeterisque diis deabusque hujus loci Salutaribus; 5902, Hospitibus diis Mauricis et genio loci, etc.2493.Cf. Tertull. Apol. c. 24.2494.Or. Henz. 1997-2001; cf. D. Cass. lxxvii. 15.2495.Or. Henz. 823, 1967.2496.Ib. 1959, 1986, 1954; cf. C.I.L. xii. 1556, 3097; viii. 9195, 4578, 8834.2497.Friedl. Sittengesch. iii. pp. 482-4.2498.Or. Henz. 1580.2499.Or. Henz. 5689.2500.Ib. 1560.2501.Ib. 1632, 4, 7; Nymphis ob reditum aquarum, etc.2502.Ib. 5758.2503.Philostr. Apoll. Tyan. iv. 16, Θετταλοὶ γὰρ τὰ ἐναγίσματα χρόνον ἤδη πολὺν εκλελοίπασί μοι.2504.Friedl. Sittengesch. iii. p. 479.2505.Orig. C. Celsum, lib. iii. p. 124, ed. Spencer; lib. vii. p. 334, Friedl. iv. p. 458; S. Aug. De Civ. D. xix. 23, quis ita stultus est qui non intelligat ... consilio simili ab impuris daemonibus ita fuisse responsa, etc.; cf. viii. 22, mirabilibus et fallacibus signis sive factorum sive praedictorum deos se esse persuaserunt.2506.Herodot. vi. 86.2507.Plut. Non posse suav. vivi, etc. c. 26 sq.; De Ser. Num. Vind. c. 18.2508.Plat. Phaed. 85 D, εἰ μή τις δύναιτο ἀσφαλέστερον ἐπὶ βεβαιοτέρου ὀχήματος [ἢ] λόγου θείου τινὸς διαπορευθῆναι.2509.Soph. O.C. 1055.2510.Sellar’s Virgil, p. 367; cf. Boissier, Rel. Rom. i. 367.2511.Cic. Tusc. i. 16, sub terra censebant reliquam vitam agi mortuorum; cf. F. de Coulanges, La Cité Ant. p. 8.2512.Or. Henz. 4525.2513.Ib. 4433, posticum cum apparitorio, et compitum a solo pecun. sua fecerunt, etc.; cf. 4353; Petron. c. 71.2514.Marq. Priv. i. 367.2515.Cf. Duruy, Hist. Rom. v. 637.2516.Aesch. Choeph. 92, 488; F. de Coulanges, La Cité Ant. p. 16.2517.Or. Henz. 7364, 7338, 4076, 4417, 4422.2518.Ib. 4428, somno aeterno sacr. ... fecerunt sibi et suis libertis libertabusque, etc., 4631, 4435.2519.Ib. 4781, 3, 5, 6, 4790, quisquis hoc sustulerit aut laeserit ultimus suorum moriatur.2520.Or. Henz. 4775, 4419, 4420, 4415, 4737; T. Lollius positus propter viam ut dicant praeterientes, Lolli ave, cf. 4745.2521.Fowler, Rom. Festivals, p. 307.2522.Or. Henz. 4414, 4417, nam curatores substituam qui vescantur ex horum hortorum reditu natali meo et praebeant rosam in aeternum. Hos neque dividi neque alienari volo.2523.Ib. 4084, 4100, 4420.2524.Marq. Priv. i. 362; Mau, Pompeii, p. 421 sqq.; cf. Cic. Tusc. i. 16.2525.Or. Henz. 4737.2526.Ib. 7396, 7402, vivite felices qui legitis.2527.Cic. Tusc. i. 12, 27, quas (caeremonias sepulcrorum) ingeniis praediti nec tanta cura coluissent, nec violatas tam inexpiabili religione sanxissent, nisi haereret in eorum mentibus mortem non interitum esse omnia tollentem, etc.2528.Aelian, Fr. p. 1023 (Gronov.).2529.S. Paulin. Nol. Carm. 27; S. Aug. Ep. 22, Serm. v. xvii.; cf. Sidon. Apoll. v. 17; Bingham, Antiq. of Chr. Church, ii. p. 1165.2530.Fowler, Rom. Festivals, p. 108.2531.Or. Henz. 4775, horis nocturnis ut eum videam, et possim dulcius et celerius aput eum pervenire.2532.Ib. 7346.2533.Marq. Priv. i. pp. 438-9; Preller, Rom. Myth. (Tr.), p. 331.2534.Momms. Rom. Hist. i. p. 189; Tertull. Apol. xv. vidimus et Jovis fratrem gladiatorum cadavera cum malleo deducentem.2535.Fowler, Rom. Festivals, p. 211.2536.Luc. Philops. c. 6.2537.Ib. c. 16.2538.Ib. cc. 22-24.2539.Ib. c. 27.2540.Plut. Cim. c. 1, ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον εἰδώλων τινῶν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ προφαινομένων, ὡς οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν λέγουσι, κτλ.2541.Plin. Ep. vii. 27.2542.Suet. Calig. c. 59.2543.D. Cass. lxii. 17.2544.Lobeck, Aglaoph. i. p. 221.2545.D. Cass. lvii. 15.2546.Suet. Nero, c. xxxiv.2547.Max. Tyr. xv. 7.2548.Boissier, Rel. Rom. i. p. 316.2549.Ib. p. 279; cf. Conington, Introd. Aen. vi. p. 419; Rohde, Psyche, ii. p. 165.2550.Grote, ii. p. 518 (ed. 1862).2551.Mommsen, R. Hist. i. p. 187; Preller, Rom. Myth. pp. 197, 407, 438.2552.Aen. vi. 289.2553.Ib. 313, 416.2554.Ib. 441.2555.Ib. 472.2556.Ib. 555.2557.Ib. 600.2558.Ib. 608.2559.Aen. 640; cf. Pind. Ol. ii. 130.2560.Aen. vi. 645.2561.Ib. 748; cf. Conington’s Virg. Introd. Aen. vi. p. 419; Lobeck, Aglaoph. ii. 798.2562.Diog. Laert. Vit. Pythag. viii. 1, § 14; πρῶτόν τέ φασι τοῦτον ἀποφῆναι τὴν ψυχὴν κύκλον ἀνάγκης ἀμείβουσαν ἄλλοτ’ ἄλλοις ἐνδεῖσθαι ζῴοις: S. Aug. De Civ. D. vii. 6; cf. Liebaldt, Theolog. Varr. i. p. 14; Cic. Rep. vi. 15-25; Macrob. Som. Scip. i. 14.2563.Rohde, Psyche, ii. 161, n. 1, 34, 312; Cic. De N. D. i. 11, 27; Pythagoras qui censuit animum esse per naturam rerum omnem intentum et commeantem, ex quo nostri animi carperentur, etc.2564.Aen. vi. 756 sqq.2565.C.I.L. iv. 2361, 1982; Mau, Pompeii, 486-8; Friedl. iii. p. 300.2566.Sen. Ad. Marc. xix. 4; Cic. Tusc. i. 21, 48; Juv. xiii. 48; Plut. De Superst. c. 4.2567.Luc. De Luctu, cc. 1-10.2568.Plut. Non p. Suav. c. 27.2569.Id. De. Ser. Num. Vind. iv. 44; De Gen. Socr. c. 22.2570.Luc. De Luctu, c. 10; Friedl. iii. p. 632; Rohde, Psyche, i. p. 306, n. 3; Maury, La Magie, p. 158.2571.Or. Henz. 4443.2572.Ib. 1197.2573.Ib. 2982.2574.Ib. 4433, 4416, 4417.2575.Ib. 4662, 4755.2576.Or. Henz. 4581, 4841, 4849, 4701, 7352.2577.Ib. 7392.2578.Rel. Rom. i. 342.2579.Or. Henz. 1192.2580.Ib. 7387, 4809, 4810, 4811, 4807, 4813, vixi dum vixi bene; jam mea peracta mox vestra agetur fabula; velete et plaudite, 7411.2581.Or. Henz. 4806, 7; 4; 4816, hic secum habet omnia. Balnea, vina, venus corrumpunt corpora nostra, set vitam faciunt.2582.Ib. 7407.2583.C.I.L. ii. 1877.2584.Or. Henz. 6674, dum vixi bi(bi) libenter; bibite vos qui vivitis.2585.Ib. 7410—miscete Lyaeum, etc., caetera post obitum tellus consumit et ignis.2586.Boissier, Rel. Rom. i. 312-316; Thiersch, Politik und Phil. in ihrem Verhältn. zur Rel. p. 13.2587.Boissier, Rel. Rom. i. 310.2588.Lucret. iii. 952, 991.2589.Ib. 844 sqq.2590.Plut. (?) De Plac. Phil. iv. 7, οἱ Στωικοὶ ἐξιοῦσαν ἐκ τῶν σωμάτων ὑποφέρεσθαι, τὴν μὲν ἀσθενεστέραν ἅμα τοῖς συγκρίμασι γενέσθαι· τὴν δὲ ἰσχυροτέραν, οἵα ἐστὶ περὶ τοὺς σοφούς, καὶ μέχρι τῆς ἐκπυρώσεως.2591.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 185; Cic. Tusc. i. 32, 79.2592.Zeller, iii. 1, p. 711, keine Seelenthätigkeit ist ohne körperliche Bewegung möglich; Renan, Averroès, pp. 128 sq., 418; Rohde, Psyche, ii. p. 309.2593.Cf. Graham, Creed of Science (2nd ed.), p. 183, “The poets must count for much in the argument, since they possess in higher degree than others the great creative faculty of imagination which outlines the province of the possible”; Jowett, Plato, i. pp. 389 sqq., etc.2594.Sall. Catil. c. 51.2595.Plin. H. N. vii. 55, 188.2596.Cf. Plut. (?) Cons. ad Apoll. c. xii. xiii.2597.Sen. Ad Marc. c. xix.2598.Sen. Ep. 54, 99, § 30; De Prov. vi. § 6; Ad Marc. 25.2599.Quint. Inst. v. 14, 13, cum, soluta corpore anima an sit immortalis vel ad tempus certe maneat, sit in dubio.2600.Tac. Agric. c. 46; cf. Rohde, Psyche, ii. p. 318, n. 3.2601.Spart. Hadr. c. 13, § 3; 14, § 3; 17, § 9; cf. Gregorovius, p. 303.2602.Spart. Hadr. 13, § 1.2603.Ib. c. 15, § 12; 16, § 8.2604.Zeller, Phil. der Griech. iii. 1, p. 660 n.2605.Epict. Diss. iii. 6, § 10.2606.A. Gell. xv. 11.2607.Ael. Spart. Hadr. c. 16.2608.Epict. Diss. iv. 5, § 17.2609.M. Aurel. i. 7, καὶ τὸ ἐντυχεῖν τοῖς Ἐπικτητείοις ὑπομνήμασιν ὧν οἴκοθεν μετέδωκε.2610.Epict. Diss. ii. 1, § 17.2611.Ib. iii. 24, § 93; cf. M. Aurel. iv. 14, 21, and Rohde, Psyche, ii. 330.2612.Epict. Diss. iii. 13, § 15.2613.Ib. § 14, ὅταν δὲ μὴ παρέχῃ τἀναγκαῖα, τὸ ἀνακλητικὸν σημαίνει, τὴν θύραν ἤνοιξε, καὶ λέγει σοι, Ἔρχου, Ποῦ; Εἰς οὐδὲν δεινόν· ἀλλ’ ὅθεν ἐγένου, εἰς τὰ φίλα καὶ συγγενῆ, εἰς τὰ στοιχεῖα.2614.Diss. i. 9, § 14, ἄφες ἡμᾶς ἀπελθεῖν ὅθεν ἐληλύθαμεν κτλ.2615.Überweg, Hist. Phil. i. p. 237.2616.Zeller, iii. 1, p. 735.2617.Phaedo, 86 B.2618.Zeller, iii. 1, p. 740; Überweg, Hist. Phil. i. p. 237.2619.Jul. Capit. M. Ant. c. 13; c. 21; cf. Merivale, Rom. Hist. viii. pp. 335-6.2620.M. Aurel. vii. 67; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 677.2621.M. Arnold, Essays in Criticism, p. 427.2622.M. Aurel. iii. 3, εἰ δὲ ἐν ἀναισθησίᾳ, παύσῃ πόνων καὶ ἡδονῶν ἀνεχόμενος, καὶ λατρεύων τοσούτῳ χείρονι τῷ ἀγγείῳ ἢ περίεστι τὸ ὑπηρετοῦν: Rohde, Psyche, ii. pp. 327-28.2623.ix. 3, οὕτως ἐνδέχεσθαι τὴν ὥραν ἐν ᾓ τὸ ψυχάριόν σου τοῦ ἐλύτρου τούτου ἐκπεσεῖται.2624.xii. 30-32.2625.vi. 42, 47; ix. 29, 32; vi. 15; vii. 19; vi. 36, πᾶν τὸ ἐνεστὼς τοῦ χρόνου, στιγμὴ τοῦ αἰῶνος: Rohde, Psyche, ii. p. 147.2626.M. Aurel. vi. 49, μήτι δυσχεραίνεις ὅτι τοσῶνδέ τινων λιτρῶν εἶ καὶ οὐ τριακοσίων; οὕτω δὲ καὶ ὅτι μέχρι τοσῶνδε ἐτῶν βιωτέον σοι καὶ οὐ μέχρι πλείονος.2627.M. Aurel. ix. 32, ἀχανὲς δὲ τὸ πρὸ τὴς γενέσεως ὡς καὶ τὸ μετὰ τὴν διάλυσιν ὁμοίως ἄπειρον.2628.Ib. vi. 36, ἡ Ἀσία, ἡ Εὐρώπη, γωνίαι τοῦ κόσμου ... Αθως βωλάριον τοῦ κόσμου.2629.Ib. vii. 35.2630.Ib. x. 33; v. 11; v. 27.