«Миннесота: Штат Северной Звезды»

Акт Конгресса 1873 года прямо вывел Миннесоту из-под действия горных законов США, оставив все ее минеральные земли открытыми для заселения или покупки в рамках легальных подразделений, подобно сельскохозяйственным или лесным землям, тем самым фактически подарив удачливым спекулянтам эти бесценные рудные залежи. До 1889 года штат придерживался той же политики, продавая свои школьные и болотные земли, содержащие руду, на ежегодных аукционах и получая за них обычные цены пахотных земель. В 1889 году легислатура предусмотрела сдачу рудных объектов в аренду сроком на пятьдесят лет с роялти в размере двадцати пяти центов за тонну. При такой ставке, составляющей менее одной трети от той, что получали частные владельцы рудников, школьный фонд получит прекрасное пополнение. Поступления от роялти и контрактов в 1907 году составили 273 433 доллара.

К концу 1907 года общая протяженность железных дорог Миннесоты увеличилась до 8023 миль, почти удвоившись за двадцать лет. Верховный суд США в деле Блейка, рассмотренном в 1876 году, подтвердил право штата Миннесота регулировать железнодорожные тарифы и ставки по усмотрению легислатуры. В 1890 году последовало решение того же трибунала по другому делу в Миннесоте, согласно которому любое регулирование, будь то посредством статута или через комиссию, должно подлежать судебному пересмотру. Легислатура не могла лишить железнодорожную компанию ее собственности — включая арендную плату, доходы и прибыль — без надлежащей правовой процедуры, и тем более не могла этого сделать комиссия. Это решение наряду с другими решениями того периода существенно смягчило эффект «дел фермерского движения». Другое судебное разбирательство, возникшее в штате, имело общегосударственное значение. Небольшая клика капиталистов, выкупившая контроль над железнодорожными системами «Грейт-Нортерн» и «Нортерн-Пасифик», каждая из которых насчитывала по восемь тысяч и более миль, желая управлять ими как единым имуществом или предприятием, образовала третью корпорацию под названием «Нортерн Секьюритиз Кампани». Она была зарегистрирована в Нью-Джерси 13 ноября 1900 года с уставным капиталом в 400 000 000 долларов. После надлежащего оформления эта компания приступила к обмену собственных акций на акции «Грейт-Нортерн» и «Нортерн-Пасифик» и поглотила более трех четвертей их объема. Эта консолидация, приведшая к монополизации всех перевозок между Миссисипи и тихоокеанским побережьем в полосе пяти градусов широты, вызвала сильнейшую тревогу. Губернатор Ван Сант использовал все имевшиеся в его распоряжении средства для предотвращения ее завершения. Иск, поданный штатом в один из своих окружных судов с обвинением в нарушении статута, запрещающего объединение параллельных и конкурирующих дорог, был передан в Федеральный окружной суд США, где был решен не в пользу штата на том основании, что «Нортерн Секьюритиз» не является железнодорожной компанией, а представляет собой лишь «холдинговую компанию». Была подана апелляция в Верховный суд США, однако этот суд отказался пересматривать решение нижестоящей инстанции, поскольку дело было ненадлежащим образом передано из суда Миннесоты. Не дожидаясь результатов этого иска, генеральный прокурор США обратился в Федеральный окружной суд США по Миннесоте с иском, обвиняя ответчика в нарушении «антимонопольного закона Шермана» 1890 года. Этот суд после детальных слушаний признал «Нортерн Секьюритиз Кампани» незаконным объединением, ограничивающим торговлю, и приказал распустить ее. Как и ожидалось, была подана апелляция в Верховный суд, где в марте 1904 года решение нижестоящей инстанции было оставлено в силе, причем председатель суда и три члена выразили несогласие. Под судебным руководством «Нортерн Секьюритиз Кампани» приступила к возврату акций, полученных при обмене, и в конце концов прекратила свое существование. Те же самые люди до сих пор владеют обеими дорогами.

В начале 1908 года Верховный суд США счел, что Федеральный окружной суд по округу Миннесота имеет право наказать генерального прокурора Миннесоты за попытку вопреки его предписанию обеспечить исполнение закона штата, регулирующего железнодорожные тарифы, который был признан противоречащим конституции страны.

Миннесота пользуется большим преимуществом в плане транспортного сообщения с обоими океанами благодаря конкуренции канадских дорог, ветви которых проникают в ее главные города. Водный маршрут на восток из Дулута смягчил расходы по вывозу ее основных продуктов — зерна, руды и леса — и обеспечил ей выгодные тарифы на ввозимые обратно товары.

Новые штаты Северо-Запада далеко отошли от консервативной доктрины о том, что правительства существуют исключительно для защиты личностей и собственности. Можно упомянуть два примера такого отхода в Миннесоте. В 1899 году легислатура создала Комиссию по публичным библиотекам Миннесоты. В ее обязанности входит содержание (1) информационного бюро по библиотечным вопросам, (2) библиотеки выдачи и (3) расчетно-распределительного центра периодики. Из библиотеки выдачи «передвижные библиотеки» в двадцать пять или пятьдесят томов направляются в небольшие города и сельские общины за небольшую плату. Также высылаются пособия для домашнего обучения и детские библиотеки, а также небольшие подборки на пяти разных иностранных языках. Никакая мера по общему культурному развитию не могла бы быть более популярной.

Столь же благосклонно была встречена деятельность Общества искусств штата Миннесота, организованного в соответствии с актом 1903 года. Этот орган организует периодические художественные выставки, учреждает и присуждает премии за достижения в области искусства, а в конечном итоге сформирует постоянную коллекцию. Выставки, проходившие в Сент-Клауде, Манкато и Виноне, имели большую образовательную ценность.

Миннесота лежит между 43 градусами 30 минутами и 49 градусами северной широты и 89 градусами 29 минутами и 97 градусами 15 минутами западной долготы. Таким образом, ее предельные размеры составляют около 380 миль с севера на юг и 350 миль с востока на запад. Ее расположение находится недалеко от географического центра североамериканского континента, и сток с плато Итаска попадает в Гудзонов залив, залив Святого Лаврентия и Мексиканский залив. Самая низкая точка находится в верховьях озера Верхнее, поверхность которого расположена на высоте 602 фута над уровнем моря. Самая высокая точка, гранитный пик холмов Мисква в округе Кук, находится на высоте 2230 футов над уровнем моря. Среднегодовая температура составляет 44 градуса по Фаренгейту; в летние месяцы — 70 градусов. Климат оказался благоприятным для здоровья и производительного труда.

Согласно переписи штата 1905 года, общая численность населения Миннесоты составляла 1 979 912 человек, включая 10 920 индейцев, 171 китайца и 50 японцев. Родившихся в стране было 1 424 333 человека. Из 537 041 уроженца других стран 262 417 прибыли из скандинавских королевств, 119 868 — из Германии, 84 022 — из англоязычных стран. Средний годовой прирост за десятилетие, завершившееся в 1905 году, составлял 40 529 человек; за пятилетний период — 22 852. Городское население составляло 1 048 922 человека, что равняется 53 процентам от общего числа. За то же десятилетие городское население увеличилось на 38 процентов, в то время как сельское возросло лишь на 14,5 процента. Наиболее заметные примеры городского развития наблюдаются в «городах-близнецах» Миннеаполисе и Сент-Поле, их совокупное население в 1905 году составило 458 997 человек. Если добавить жителей пригородов, находящихся в пределах легкой поездки на трамвае, это число возрастает до более чем полумиллиона. Хотя оба муниципалитета уже давно срослись границами, они могут оставаться политически раздельными еще долгие годы, если не бессрочно.

POPULATION OF MINNESOTA FOR TWELVE CENSUS YEARS.

Federal Census. State Census.

18506,077 1857150,037 1860172,028 1865250,099 1870439,706 1875597,407 1880780,773 18851,117,798 18901,301,826 18951,574,619 19001,751,394 19051,979,912

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ

Accault leads expedition to upper Mississippi, 18.

Acton murders, 197.

Agricultural college, established at Glencoe (1858), 160.

Agricultural school at Lake Calhoun, 67.

Aldrich, Cyrus, M. C., and candidate for U. S. senator, 248;

champions homestead act, 253.

Allen, Lieut. James, commands Schoolcraft’s escort, 75.

Allouez, Père, at La Pointe (1665), 14;

at convocation of 1671, 15.

American Fur Company, organized, 54;

policy of, 54;

chief stations, 55;

control of Indians, 58;

factors of, 59.

Anderson, Capt. Joseph, in battle of Birch Coulie, 213.

Andrews, C. C., votes against surrender of Third Minnesota, 183;

in command at Fitzhugh’s Woods, 243;

accepts nomination for M. C., 264;

state forest commissioner, 358.

Astor, John Jacob, organizes the American Fur Co., 52.

“Atlantis,” written by Ignatius Donnelly, 318.

Attorney-General of Minnesota enjoined by U. S. courts from enforcing state law, 362.

Auguelle, associate of Accault and Hennepin, 18.

Austin, Horace, nominated, 265;

inaugurated governor, 265;

antecedents, 276;

proposes constitutional amendments, 268;

vetoes bill to squander internal improvement lands, 268;

recommends regulation of railroads, 279.

Australian ballot system, 342.

Bancroft, George, mentioned, 121.

Banking, see Railroads.

Banks issue notes on deposit of special state railroad bonds, 166.

Battle of Big Mound, 235;

Birch Coulie, 213;

Dead Buffalo Lake, 235;

Kaposia, 65;

Skakopee, 157;

Rum River, 63;

Stillwater, 63;

Wood Lake, 218.

Becker, George L., mentioned, 154.

Bee, Capt. Alexander, pursues Inkpaduta, 146.

Beltrami, Constantino Giacomo, aspires to discover the true source of the Mississippi, 73;

starts out with Major Long, 73;

at “Lake Julia,” 74;

publishes his “Discovery,” 74;

publishes his “Pilgrimage,” 74;

charts Lac la Biche, 75.

Biennial sessions of legislature, 336;

elections, 337.

Bierbauer, Capt. William, comes to relief of New Ulm, 208.

Big Mound, battle of, 235.

Birch Coulie, battle of, 213;

dispute as to command, 215.

Bishop, Gen. J. W., at Mission Ridge, 243.

Blake case, the, 283;

modified by later decision, 361.

Blizzard, the, of 1873, 289.

Board of Pardons, constitutional amendment, 346.

Bonanza farming, 273.

Boom of 1857, 141.

Boucher, Réné, see La Perrière.

Boundaries, 86, 98, 135.

Boutwell, Rev. W. T., missionary, 64;

helps Schoolcraft with his Latin, 76.

Brackett’s Cavalry Battalion, in Tennessee, 186;

with Sully at Killdeer Mountain, 187.

Brass kettle campaign, the, 316.

British control lasts till 1815, 52.

British hold the Northwest, 38.

British proposal in 1814, 52.

Brower, J. V., discovers the “ultimate bowl” of Mississippi, 78.

Brown, Joseph R., drummer boy, arrives with troops (1819), 84;

lays out town (1840), 81;

J. P. of Crawford County, Wis., 84;

in Wisconsin legislature, 85;

fathers Minnesota Northwestern Railroad bill in legislature of 1854, 122;

member of constitutional convention, 138;

appointed Sioux agent, 168;

plan to civilize the Sioux, 168;

superseded as Sioux agent, 169;

commands detachment at Birch Coulie, 213;

commands scouts in 1863, 234.

Browning, O. H., permits further issues of Chippeway half-breed scrip, 114.

Brulé, Etienne, report of Lake Superior, 5.

Burger, Capt. Emil, mentioned, 224.

Burt, Rev. D., superintendent of public instruction, 320.

Butler, Sergeant William, shot in Pillager outbreak, 352.

Cadillac builds fort at Detroit (1701), 29.

“Cæsar’s Column,” by Ignatius Donnelly, 319.

Camp Coldwater, 56.

Cantonment at Mendota (1819), 55.

Capital of Minnesota, located in St. Paul, 91;

attempt to remove (1857), 132;

attempt to remove (1869), 265.

Capitol, old, burned, 325;

rebuilding of, 343.

Capitol, new, building of, 343;

account of, 344.

Carleton College, mentioned, 354.

Cartier, Jacques, two voyages, 3.

Carver, Jonathan, expedition, 33;

travels, 35;

claim, 36.

Cass, Gov. Lewis, exploring expedition 71;

induces Sioux and Chippeways to make a treaty at Fort Snelling, 72.

Catlin, John, Secretary of Wisconsin Territory, calls an election in the rump, 87.

Cavanaugh, James M., seated as representative from Minnesota, 154.

Chamberlain, Selah, holder of special state railroad bonds, 326;

sues railroad company (1873), 328;

offers to take half of face value of bonds (1887), 329.

Chambers, Gov. John, commissioner for treaty with Sioux (1849), 93, 111.

Champlain, Samuel, two exploring voyages, 3;

founds Quebec, 3;

discovers Lake Champlain, 4;

defeated by Iroquois, 5;

emissaries of, 5;

“Father of New France,” 6.

Charlevoix, on the Mississippi (1720), 26.

Chase, Charles L., territorial secretary and delegate to constitutional convention, 138;

acting governor, 155.

Chatfield, Andrew G., appointed territorial justice (1853), 108.

Chippeway half-breed scrip, story of, 112.

Chippeways, immigration of, 44;

drive Sioux south and west, 44;

characteristics, 45;

still on reserves, 112;

disquiet of, 1862, 224.

Chippeway treaties (1826, 1851, 1854, 1855, 1863), 11.

Christian, George H., pioneer in patent milling, 274.

Church, first organized, 67.

Civil War, First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Infantry regiments, 178;

Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth regiments, raised, 188;

batteries, sharpshooters, and cavalry battalion raised, 186;

Eleventh Infantry regiment raised, 247;

First Heavy Artillery raised, 247;

whole number of Minnesota volunteers, 247.

Clapp, Moses E., elected U. S. senator, 342.

Claim Association of Hennepin Co., 130.

Clark, Gen. George Rogers, mentioned, 37.

Clough, David M., governor (1895-99), 340;

his judgment on treatment of the Pillagers, 352.

Code of 1851, 91.

Cody, Capt. John S., killed by Sioux, 237.

Colbert, recommends a colonial system, 13.

College of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota, slow development, 354.

College of St. Thomas, mentioned, 354.

Colville, Col. William, commands First Minnesota in Gettysburg charge, 241.

Compulsory school attendance, 337.

Conquest of Canada by British, 30.

Constitution of state, framing of, 139;

adopted, 141;

ratified, 148.

Constitutional amendments:

authorizing state officers to act before admission to Union, 156;

five million loan, 158;

expunging amendment of 1858, 173;

requiring referendum of special railroad bonds, 173;

fixing official year, 345;

loan of school fund, 345;

forbidding special legislation, 346;

ninety-day sessions, 346;

forbidding monopolies, 346;

ten jurors to render verdict, 346;

creating board of pardons, 346;

declarants not to vote, 347;

“wide open” tax power, 347;

woman suffrage in school and library matters, 347;

majority of whole vote to ratify amendment, 347;

creating highway commission, 348;

home rule charters, 348;

investment of school fund, 348.

Constitutional convention, election for, 135;

delegates, 135;

result of election, 137;

the split, 137;

efforts to unite the two bodies, 139;

conferees appointed, 139;

report of conferees, 140.

Convocation of 1641, 15;

1825, 61.

County government, change in, 175.

Crooks, William, appointed colonel of Sixth Minnesota, 189.

Cullen, Major, Sioux agent, mentioned, 148.

Dairy industry, development of, 356.

Dakota Indians, see Sioux Indians.

Daumont, see St. Lusson, 15.

Davis, Cushman K., antecedents of, 294;

secures governorship, 295;

balks Senator Ramsey of reëlection, 296;

fails to secure nomination for U. S. senator, 297;

address at celebration of two hundredth anniversary of discovery of falls of St. Anthony, 325;

recommends arbitration of railroad bonds, 329;

elected U. S. senator (1887), 341;

reëlected U.S. senator, 341;

Spanish treaty commissioner (1898), 341;

address at laying corner-stone of new capitol, 343;

death, 341.

Davis, Jefferson, mentioned, 123.

Dead Buffalo Lake, battle of, 235.

Death penalty, changes in, 314.

Declarants for naturalization deprived of suffrage, 347.

Delano, Columbus, investigates Chippeway half-breed scrip, 115.

Detroit occupied by British, 32.

Dodd, Capt., killed in battle of New Ulm, 209.

Dodge, Henry, mentioned, 87.

Donnelly, Ignatius, antecedents, 170;

elected lieutenant-governor, 170;

reëlected lieutenant-governor, 177;

elected to Congress (1862), 248;

aspires to U. S. senatorship, 262;

attack on Representative E. B. Washburne, 262;

fails to receive nomination for U. S. senator, 264;

withdraws from senatorial contest, 297;

nominee for Congress (1878), 316;

contests W. D. Washburn’s election, 317;

turns to authorship, 318;

champions free school-books, 321.

Douglas, Stephen A., expedites Minnesota organic act, 89.

Douglass, Capt., engineer of Cass’s expedition, 71.

Draft, the, in Minnesota, 246.

Duluth, on Lake Superior, 16;

on Pigeon River, 17;

on Mille Lacs, (1679), 17;

at Point Douglass (1680), 19;

meets Accault’s party, 19.

Dunnell, Mark H., superintendent of public instruction, 256.

Dustin murders, 238.

East and west line, 139.

Edgerton, Gen. A. J., appointed state railroad commissioner, 280.

Eleventh Minnesota Infantry, raised, 247.

Emmegabowh, missionary, mentioned, 225.

Enabling act:

opposition to, 134;

passage of, 134;

land grants of, 134.

Execution of Sioux convicts, 231.

Expedition to upper Mississippi (1680), 18.

Farley, J. P., sues associates, 311.

Fifteenth Minnesota Volunteers, in Spanish War, 351.

Fifth Minnesota Infantry, raised, 185;

leaves three companies in Indian forts, 185;

at Corinth, 185;

at Nashville, 244.

Fillmore, Ex-President, mentioned, 121.

First Battery of Minnesota Light Artillery at Shiloh, 187.

First claim at St. Anthony’s Falls, 81.

First Minnesota Heavy Artillery, 247.

First Minnesota Infantry, called, 178;

mustered, 179;

enlists for three years, 179;

leaves for the South, 180;

at first Bull Run, 180;

at Antietam, 180;

charge at Gettysburg, 240.

First Minnesota Sharpshooters, mustered, 186;

merged into Second regiment of U. S. Sharpshooters, 186.

First white child in Minnesota, 56.

Fiscal year, 337.

Fish, Daniel, reviser of laws, 344.

Five million loan, story of, 156;

expunged, 173;

investigation of, 325;

efforts for settlement, 325;

redeemed, 331.

Flandrau, Charles Eugene, Sioux agent, causes pursuit of Inkpaduta, 146;

summoned by the people of New Ulm, 207;

marches to their relief, 208;

placed in command, 208, 209;

appointed colonel, 213.

Flour mill, first, in Minnesota, 56.

Flour, patent, 274.

Ford, John W., champions normal schools, 257.

Forsyth, Major, pays lower Sioux for the land bought by Pike, 57.

Fort Abercrombie, location, 190;

attacked, 224.

Fort Beauharnois, described, 26.

Fort Ridgely, location, 190;

description, 205;

first attack on, 206;

second attack on, 206;

relieved, 212.

Fort Ripley, garrisoned, 225.

Fort St. Anthony, changed to Fort Snelling, 56.

Fort St. Antoine, built by Perrot (1686), 22.

Fort Snelling, occupied (1822), 56.

Fort Snelling reservation, delimited, 128;

reduced (1852), 129;

occupied by squatters, 129;

part east of Mississippi sold, 130;

preëmption right granted by Congress (1855), 131;

clandestine sale, 132.

Foster, Dr. Thomas, account of Indian tribes of Minnesota, 91.

Franklin, Benjamin, his Canada pamphlet, 31.

French, abandon western trade (1699), 25;

reëstablish it (1714), 25;

fortify frontier, 30;

build Fort Duquesne, 30;

lose Quebec (1759), 30;

lose Fort Duquesne (1759), 30;

lose Montreal (1760), 30;

cede to Spain territory west of the Mississippi (1762), 31;

cede to England territory east of the Mississippi (1763), 31.

French dominion, proclaimed at Sault, 15;

proclaimed on upper Mississippi, 22;

proclaimed at mouth of Mississippi by La Salle, 22.

French, early discoveries, 2.

Frontenac, governor (1672), 16;

commissions Duluth, 16;

dispatches Joliet, 16;

death (1689), 24.

Frontier dangers, 1863, 237.

Fourteenth Minnesota Volunteers, in Spanish war, 350.

Fourth Minnesota Infantry, recruited, 184;

at Corinth and Iuka, 184;

at Altoona, 244.

Free school-books, 321.

Fur-trade, organization of, 7;

expands in seventeenth century, 7;

revived under English, 32;

effect on Indians, 45;

effect of act of 1816, 54;

in politics, 106.

See American Fur Company, and Northwest Company.

Fur-traders, two unknown (1656), 7.

Galbraith, Thomas F., succeeds J. R. Brown as Sioux agent, 169;

recruits volunteers, 197.

Galtier, Rev. Lucius, missionary at Mendota (1840), 83;

builds chapel of St. Paul, 83.

Gardiner, Miss, rescued from Inkpaduta, 147.

Geological survey, 303.

Gilbert, Cass, architect of new capitol, 344.

Goodrich, Aaron, first territorial chief justice, 90.

Gorman, Willis A., antecedents, 108;

appointed territorial governor, 108;

recommends construction of one railroad, 122;

approves charter of Minnesota and Northwestern R. R. Co. (1854), 122;

vetoes Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad bill (1855), 126;

denounces jugglery of the railroad company, 126;

proposes formation of constitution without enabling act, 133;

calls special session of legislature, 135;

resigns, 136;

appointed colonel of the First Minnesota, 179.

Gonor, de, missionary, 26.

Grain elevators, use of, 273.

Grand convocation of 1825, 61.

Grant, Capt. H. P., in battle of Birch Coulie, 213.

Grasshoppers, see Rocky Mountain locust.

“Great Cryptogram, The,” by Ignatius Donnelly, 319.

Green, Corporal, makes heroic defense, 183.

Griggs, Lieut.-Col., votes against surrender of Third Minnesota, 183.

Groseilliers, first mentioned, 8.

Groseilliers and Radisson, voyages, 8;

first French in Minnesota, 11.

Guinas, missionary at Fort Beauharnois, 26.

Hamline University, mentioned, 354.

Harlan, James, forbids further issues of Chippeway half-breed scrip, 114.

Hart, H. H., secretary of state board of charities and corrections, 334.

Hazlewood republic, 169.

Hendricks, Capt. Mark, handles battery at Wood Lake, 219.

Hennepin, Father Louis, member of expedition to upper Mississippi, 18;

discovers falls of St. Anthony, 19;

a subordinate to La Salle, 21;

his “Description of Louisiana,” 21;

his “New Discovery,” 21.

Hewitt, Dr. C. N., secretary of state board of health, 334.

High School Board, 322;

effectiveness, 337.

High schools, feed university, 321.

Hill, J. J., an associate for purchase of the St. Paul and Pacific, 309;

becomes general manager of St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba R. R., 311.

Hinckley forest fire (1894), 349.

Hoag, Charles, proposes the name Min-ne-ha-polis, 131.

Holcomb, William, first lieutenant-governor, 160.

Home rule for cities; constitutional amendment, 348.

Homestead act, operation of, 252.

Hopperdozers, described, 305.

Hospital for insane at St. Peter, fire in 1880, 325.

Hotchkiss, William A., captain of Second Light Battery, 187.

Hubbard, Lucius Fairchild:

in command of Fifth Minnesota, 185;

gallantry at Corinth, 185;

wounded at Nashville, 245;

brevetted brigadier, 245;

declines nomination for member of Congress, 264;

member of special commission on special state railroad bonds, 326;

elected governor (1881), 333;

fosters state institutions, 333;

advises public school for neglected and dependent children, and reformatory for youthful convicts, 334;

recommends “covering in” of moneys into county treasuries, 335;

recommends railroad law (1885), 335.

Huggins, Alexander, mentioned, 66.

Indian forts, location and object, 190.

Indian treaties:

commissioners to be appointed from Indian officials, 94;

price of, 101;

with Chippeways (1837), 80;

with Sioux (1837), 80;

abortive with Sioux (1849), 92;

with Sioux (1851), 95;

with Chippeways (1854, etc.), 111;

with Sioux (1858), 169.

Indian tribes of Minnesota, account of, 94.

Indians, how affected by traders, 45.

Indians, see Chippeways, Sioux, etc.

Inkpaduta:

murders by, 146;

rescue of captives, 146;

fruitless efforts to capture, 147;

effect of failure to capture, 193.

Interest, rate of (1860), 176.

Internal improvement lands, devoted to redemption of bonds, 331.

Ireland, Archbishop, chaplain of Fifth Minnesota, at Corinth, 186;

speaks at celebration of two hundredth anniversary of discovery of falls of St. Anthony, 325.

Iron ore of Minnesota:

nature of, 359;

ranges, discovery and location, 358;

marketable, amount of, 359;

properties, valuation for taxation, 360;

land of state,—royalties, 360;

lands excepted from mineral laws of United States, 360.

Iroquois, subjects of England, 29.

Itasca, Lake, discovered, 76;

making of the word, 76.

Jefferson plans expeditions to west, 47.

Jennison, Lieut.-Colonel, wounded at Nashville, 245.

Jogues, at Sault Ste Marie (1641), 6.

Johnson, John A., governor (1905), 340.

Joliet, on Lake Superior (1669), 14;

at convocation (1671), 15;

discovers the Mississippi (1673), 16.

Jones commission, 116.

Jones, John, sergeant, in charge of artillery at Fort Ridgely, 205.

Keating, Prof. William H., geologist and historian of Long’s expedition, 7.

Kiehle, David L., state superintendent of public instruction (1881-1893), 337;

works out plan for school of agriculture, 355.

Kingsbury, W. W., not recognized as delegate from the rump of Minnesota, 154.

Kittson, N. W., trades at Pembina, 112;

an associate for purchase of Saint Paul and Pacific, 309.

Knox, H. M., first public examiner, 314;

his administration commended, 314.

La Framboise, Joseph, rescues whites at upper agency, 201.

Lampson, Nathan, kills Little Crow, 238.

La Perrière, Sieur de, builds Fort Beauharnois (1727), 26.

La Salle, in Canada (1663), 17;

authorized to explore, 17;

at Peoria, Ill. (1680), 18;

plans expedition to upper Mississippi, 18;

at the mouth of the Mississippi (1682), 22.

Lea, Luke, commissioner for Sioux treaties of 1851, 94.

Leavenworth, Lieutenant-Colonel Henry, leads troops to St. Peter’s, 55;

appoints officers of Crawford County, Mich., 58.

Legislative sessions, limited by constitutional amendment, 346.

Legislative steal of 1858, 165.

Legislature, first, doubtful status, 150.

Lester, Henry A., colonel of the Third Minnesota, 182;

surrenders, 182;

dismissed, 184.

Le Sueur, Pierre, on Prairie Island (1694), 23;

gets leave to mine copper, 23;

builds Fort l’Huillier (1700), 24;

his copper mine, 24.

Lincoln, President, examines record of Indian trials, 229;

writes out order for execution of Sioux murderers, 230;

recommends reëlection of M. S. Wilkinson as U.S. senator, 251.

Lind, John, governor (1899-1900), 340.

Little Crow:

apparently peaceable, 197;

character, 198;

assumes command of Sioux, 199;

plans attack on Fort Ridgely, 205;

leads Indians in battle of New Ulm, 209;

retires behind the Yellow Medicine, 210;

plans ambush for Sibley, 218;

takes flight after battle, 220;

killed, 238.

Lochren, William, candidate for U. S. senator, 297.

Long, Major S. H., examines site for Fort Snelling (1817), 55;

expedition to Pembina, 72;

marks international boundary, 72;

see Keating.

Loras, Bishop, visits Mendota, 83.

Louisiana, under Spanish rule, 42;

retroceded to France by Spain, 43;

bought of France, 43;

delivered to United States, 43.

Lugger, Dr. Otto, investigates locusts, 349.

Macalester College, mentioned, 354.

Mackinac, British garrison at, 32.

Mackubin, C. N., state senator, advises payment in full of the special state bonds, 172.

McGill, Andrew R., governor (1887-89), 340.

McGillis, Hugh, agrees to Pike’s demands, 51.

McLean, Nathaniel, mentioned, 97.

McLeod, Martin, bill for free schools, 90.

McMillan, S. R. J., elected United States senator (1875), 297.

McPhail, Samuel, leader of relieving party at Birch Coulie, 214.

Maine Law, 137.

Majority to amend constitution, 347.

Marine, first American settlement (1839), 81.

Markle, Mrs., taken prisoner and killed by Inkpaduta, 146.

Marquette, at La Pointe, 14;

to accompany Joliet, 16.

Marsh, Capt. John S., marches to rescue of victims of Sioux massacre, 200;

drowned after battle of Redwood Ferry, 200.

Marshall, William R.:

defeated by Rice (1855), 110;

Republican leader, 136;

candidate for Congress, 137;

commands Seventh Minnesota at Wood Lake, 219;

commands brigade at Nashville, 245;

brevetted brigadier, 245;

leads Seventh at capture of Fort Blakely, 246;

elected governor (1865), 254;

vetoes bill to remove state capital (1869), 266;

recommends oversight of corporations, 279;

elected state railroad commissioner, 284;

recommends use of internal improvement lands for redemption of bonds, 327.

Medary, Samuel, appointed territorial governor, 136;

leaves Minnesota, 155.

Medawakantons, country of, 96;

see Sioux Indians.

Meeker, B. B., appointed territorial justice, 90.

Mendota, first settlement, mostly French, 81;

treaty of, 96.

Merriam, William R., governor (1889-93), 340.

Merriman, O. C., member of special board of regents, 259.

Merritt Brothers, explore for iron, 358.

Mesabi iron range, mines of, 358.

Militia companies form nucleus of First Minnesota, 178.

Militia law of 1858, 160.

Mill explosion in Minneapolis (1878), 324.

Miller, Stephen, appointed colonel of Seventh Minnesota, 189;

military career, 250;

brevetted brigadier, 251;

elected governor, 251.

Minneapolis and Cedar Valley Railroad Co. chartered, 162.

Minneapolis, meaning of name, 131;

founded, 131;

united with St. Anthony, 131;

absorbs St. Anthony, 275;

a milling centre, 275;

increase of population, 1880-85, 333.

Minneapolis Millers’ Association, 316.

Minnesota, meaning of word, 1.

Area east of the Mississippi (“Minnesota East”):

ceded by France to England (1763), 2, 31;

effect of proclamation of George III (1763), 36;

operation of the Quebec act of 1774, 37;

claim of Virginia, 37;

becomes part of the Northwest Territory (1787), 38;

remains in control of the Northwest Company of Montreal, 39;

British control ends (1815), 52;

part of successive territories, 58;

excluded from the State of Wisconsin (1848), 86;

treated by Congress as the Territory of Wisconsin, 86.

Area west of the Mississippi (“Minnesota West”):

ceded by France to Spain (1762), 31, 42;

retroceded (1801), 43;

bought of France by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase, 43.

As Territory:

bill to organize in 1846, defeated, 88;

created (1849), 88;

proclaimed, 89;

boundaries and area, 89;

laws of Wisconsin remain in force, 90;

provisional counties and judicial districts, 90;

first census, election, and legislature, 91;

capital located at St. Paul, 91;

code of 1851, 91;

population, 90, 120, 149.

As State:

enabling act (1857), 133;

boundaries and area, 135;

constitutional convention in two bodies, 137;

they agree on one constitution, 141;

ratified, 148;

opposition in Congress to admission to the Union, 151;

admitted, 153;

state officers qualified, 157;

latitude and longitude, 363;

“Heart of the Continent,” 364;

elevation and temperature, 364;

population, 175, 252, 270, 307, 333, 364.

Minnesota colleges, 353.

Minnesota Historical Society incorporated, 91.

Minnesota River, course of, 1.

Minnesota state railroad adjustment bonds, 331.

See Five million loan.

Minnesota troops, in Civil War, 178, 186, 188, 247;

in Spanish War, 350.

Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad Company, incorporated (1854), 122;

land grant before Congress, 123;

bill for land grant repealed, 125;

act of 1854 held repealed by Supreme Court of United States, 127.

Minnesota and Pacific Railroad Co., chartered, 161;

superseded by the St. Paul and Pacific, 285.

Missions, first, in Minnesota, 27;

beginning of Chippeway, 64;

first to Sioux, 65;

at Kaposia, 68;

Methodist, at Redwing, 68;

Catholic, at Lac qui Parle and Chaska, 68;

why unfruitful, 68.

Mississippi, the, rumors of, 14;

discovered (1673), 16.

Monopoly of markets forbidden, constitutional amendment, 346.

Munch, Emil, Captain of First Light Battery, 187;

wounded at Shiloh, 187;

state treasurer, 298.

Natural history survey, 303.

Neal commission, 114.

Neill, Rev. E. D., draws bill for free schools, 91;

chaplain of First Minnesota, 179;

superintendent of public instruction, 255.

Nelson, Knute, governor (1893-95), 340;

elected to United States Senate, 340.

New France, a royal province (1663), 13.

New Ulm, first attack on by Sioux, 201;

battle of, 209.

Nicollet, Jean, at Green Bay (1634), 6;

locates Lake Michigan, 6.

Nicollet, Joseph N., confirms work of Schoolcraft and Allen, 77;

discovers the “infant Mississippi,” 78.

Nicols, John, member of special board of regents, 259;

member of state commission on special state railroad bonds, 326.

Ninth Minnesota Infantry, at Nashville, 244.

Nix, Capt. Jacob, commands defense of New Ulm, first attack, 201.

Normal schools, establishment, 257.

Northern Securities Company, organized, 361;

dissolution of, 362.

Northfield murders (1876), 315.

Northrop, Cyrus, president of University of Minnesota, 337.

Northwest Company, organization and policy, 39;

posts of, 39.

Norton, Daniel A., elected United States senator, 252;

death, 292.

Official year fixed by constitutional amendment, 345.

Olmstead, David, mentioned, 110.

Other Day, John, rescues whites at upper agency, 201.

Otis, George L., defeated by Austin for governor, 267.

Ozawindib, Schoolcraft’s Chippeway guide, 76.

Panic of 1857, 142;

of 1873, 288.

Parker, Ely F., forbids issue of Chippeway half-breed scrip, 114.

Parrant, Pierre, mentioned, 82.

Peck, Louis, discovers cause of mill explosion, 324.

Pembina, French and half breed town, 84;

treaty of, 112.

Perrot, Nicholas, at convocation of 1671, 15;

builds Fort St. Antoine, 22;

proclamation, 22.

Phelps, William F., organizes Winona Normal School, 257.

Phelps, William W., seated as representative from Minnesota, 154.

Picard du Gay, a title of Auguelle, companion of Accault, 18.

Pinchon, trades on Minnesota River, 32.

Pike, Zebulon Montgomery, personal appearance, 47;

expedition, 47;

treaty with the Sioux, 48;

at upper sources of Mississippi, 50;

asserts dominion of United States, 51.

Pillager band of Chippeways, outbreak of, 351;

suffer injustice, 352.

Pillsbury, C. A., heads relief committee, 350.

Pillsbury, John S., becomes regent of university, 259;

characteristics, 304;

governor for three terms, 304;

advises farmers how to fight “hoppers,” 305;

visits devastated counties, 305;

appoints day of fasting and prayer for “hoppers,” 306;

praises operation of public examiner law, 314;

urges payment of “dishonored bonds,” 330;

regent for life, 332;

death, 332.

Pine on the St. Croix, 79.

Pine forests, exhaustion of, 357.

Pine land operations, see Chippeway half-breed scrip, Sioux half-breed scrip.

Plympton, Major, mentioned, 128.

Pokegama mission broken up, 65.

Pond brothers, first missionaries to Sioux, 65;

build on Lake Calhoun, 65;

invent the Pond alphabet, 66.

Pope, General John, takes command of department of the northwest, 222;

protests against the appointment of H. M. Rice as brigadier-general, 223;

proposes to exterminate the Sioux, 226.

Population of Minnesota, in 1849, 90;

increase of, in Gorman’s administration, 120;

in 1860, 175;

in 1865, 252;

in 1870, 269;

in 1875 and 1880, 307;

in 1880 and 1885, 333;

in 1905, 364;

1850 to 1905, 365;

of the Twin Cities, 1905, 364.

Porter, Edward A., conceives school of agriculture, 354.

Prairie du Chien supply station, 32;

garrisoned, 55.

Presbyterian church at Fort Snelling, 67.

Prescott, Philander, teaches in agricultural school at Lake Calhoun (1839), 67.

Primary elections, 342.

Prohibitory liquor law, 91.

Public examiner, office created (1878), 314.

Public lands, grants of, 135;

grants for railroads, 143.

Public Library Commission, 363.

Quebec act, the, 37.

Quinn, Peter, killed by Sioux, 201.

Radisson, see Groseilliers.

Radisson manuscript discovered, 9.

“Ragnarök,” by Ignatius Donnelly, 318.

Railroad excursion of 1854, 121.

Railroads, land grant of 1857, 143;

four companies chartered (1857), 143;

five million loan for, 155;

the four land grant companies of 1857, 161;

loan of credit to the four companies, 162;

special Minnesota state railroad bonds, 162;

work stops, 164;

work of the four companies, 165;

special bonds not regarded as state obligations, 164;

banking on special bonds, 166;

special bonds repudiated, 173;

the four companies revived, 173;

they default, 173;

they give up, 174;

four new companies chartered, 174;

mileage, 174, 175, 271, 307, 360;

beginnings of construction, 175;

extension in late ’60’s, 255;

extensions in ’70’s, 270;

extend cultivation, 272;

welcomed, 276;

multiply new towns, 272;

extortion and discrimination, 276;

ignore legislation, 280;

state commissioner appointed, 280;

debts of 1873, 281;

evade taxes, 281;

reports of slight service, 281;

slight construction, 282;

finances in 1873, 282;

failure of companies (1873), 282;

litigate right to regulate, 282;

state board of commissioners created (1874), 283;

elective commissioner (1875), 284;

grants and gifts, 291;

law of 1885, 335;

competition of Canadian, 362.

Ramsey, Alexander:

antecedents, 89;

appointed territorial governor, 89;

commissioner for Sioux treaties (1849), 93;

investigation of his conduct in Sioux treaties (1851), 100;

exonerated by Senate, 101;

protests against Rice’s Winnebago contract, 105;

superseded as territorial governor, 108;

negotiates Pembina treaty, 112;

director of Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad Co., 126;

elected governor of state, 170;

inaugural address (1860), 170;

rescues the school lands, 171;

recommends settling with holders of special state railroad bonds, 172;

reëlected governor (1862), 177;

in Washington on day of attack on Fort Sumter, 178;

tenders a regiment of infantry, 178;

appoints colonels, 189;

appoints Sibley to command the Indian expedition, 211;

elected United States senator (1863), 249;

recommends sale of university lands to pay debt, 258;

reëlected senator, 265;

fails to secure nomination again, 297;

secretary of war, 297;

lays corner-stone of new capitol, 298;

death, 298.

Ravoux, Monsignor, Catholic missionary, 68;

succeeds Père Galtier, 83;

baptizes thirty condemned Sioux, 231.

Raymbault, at Sault Ste. Marie (1641), 6.

Reeve, Col. C. McC., commands Thirteenth Minnesota, 350.

Registration of voters, 175.

Renville, Joseph, trader at Lac qui Parle, invites Dr. Williamson, 67;

guide and interpreter for Major Long, 72.

Renville Rangers, help defend Fort Ridgely, 205.

Republican party, organized, 136.

Revised laws of 1905, 344.

Rice, Henry M., birth and education, 102;

in Indian trade, 102;

personal qualities, 103;

settles in St. Paul, 103;

his Winnebago contract, 103;

selects new home for Winnebagoes, 103;

elected delegate to Congress, 107;

in Congress, 110;

reëlected delegate, 110;

secures issue of additional Chippeway half-breed scrip, 113, 118;

director of Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad Co., 126;

assists in sale of Snelling reserve, 132;

reëlected delegate, 136;

introduces bill for enabling act, 133;

causes retirement of Governor Gorman, 136;

elected United States senator, 150;

seated as senator, 153;

declines to change politics, 252;

defeated for governor by Marshall (1865), 254;

plans double land grant for the university, 301.

Riggs, Rev. Stephen Return, joins Sioux mission, 67;

edits Dakota grammar and dictionary, 68;

escape from upper Sioux, 202;

chaplain of Sibley’s Indian expedition, 227;

assists military commission, 227.

Rocky Mountain locust, scourge of, 290;

devastations of (1876), 305;

suddenly vanish (1877), 307;

appear in Otter Tail County (1886), 349.

Rolette, Joseph, absconds with capital removal bill, 132.

Root River and Southern Minnesota Railroad Co. chartered, 161.

St. Anthony’s Falls, discovered, 19;

two hundredth anniversary celebrated, 325.

St. Anthony’s Falls, city of, laid out (1847), 84;

united with Minneapolis, 131.

St. John’s University, mentioned, 354.

St. Lusson, at convocation of 1671, 15.

St. Michael the Archangel, mission of, 27.

St. Paul, Hennepin at site of (1680), 19;

Carver visits site (1767), 34;

first inhabitant, 82;

settled by evicted Swiss, 82;

how named, 83;

a French village till 1845, 83;

gets post-office (1846), 84;

capital of territory, 91;

remains the capital, 132, 265.

St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Co., financing of, 285;

bankruptcy of, 308;

sold to associates (1878), 310;

litigation following sale of, 311.

St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railroad Co. organized 1879, 311.

Saint Pierre, Capt. Legardeur, at Fort Beauharnois, 27.

Sanborn, John A., appointed colonel of the Fourth Minnesota, 184.

Sandy Lake and post, 40.

San Ildefonso, treaty of, 43.

Savanna portage. 40.

Sawmill, near Menominee, Wis., 80;

first in Minnesota, at Marine, 81;

first at falls of St. Anthony, 84.

School, agricultural, at Lake Calhoun, 67.

School-books, free, 321.

Schoolcraft, Henry R., mineralogist of Cass’s expedition, 71;

narrative of same, 71;

expedition of 1832, 75;

at Lake Itasca, 76;

conceals discovery in report to War Department, 77;

announces discovery in published narrative, 77.

School fund, increase of, 352;

may be loaned for erection of school buildings, constitutional amendment, 346;

may be invested in municipal bonds, constitutional amendment, 348.

School of Agriculture of University of Minnesota, evolution of, 354.

School tax, 337.

Schools, common, development of, 255.

Second Battery of Light Artillery, 187.

Second Minnesota Infantry, recruited, 181;

at Mill Springs, 181;

gallant stand at Chickamauga, 242;

at Mission Ridge, 243.

Second Minnesota Sharpshooters at Antietam, 181.

Seeger, William, impeachment of, 298.

Selkirk, Earl of, plans colony, 78;

plants settlements in Canada, 78.

Selkirk colonists migrate to the States, 78.

Selkirk refugees, squat about Fort Snelling, 79;

evicted from Fort Snelling reservation, 82;

settle at St. Paul, 82.

Seventh Minnesota Infantry, at Nashville, 244;

at Wood Lake, 219.

Seven Years’ War, effect of, 31.

Sheehan, Timothy J., recalled to Fort Ridgely, 200;

commands there, 205;

gallantry at Nashville, 245;

U. S. marshal, 351.

Sherburne, Moses G., appointed territorial justice (1853), 108;

presents plan of union of two factions of constitutional convention, 139;

reports constitution to democratic body, 140.

Sherman, Gen. W. T., speaks at celebration of two hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the falls of St. Anthony, 325.

Sherman, John, opposes the admission of Minnesota, 153.

Shields, James, elected U. S. senator, 150;

seated as senator, 153.

Sibley, Henry Hastings:

birth and education, 59;

arrives at Mendota (1834), 59;

Dakota name, 60;

chosen delegate by the Stillwater convention, 86;

delegate from Wisconsin Territory, 87;

secures passage of act creating Minnesota Territory, 88;

protests against Rice’s Winnebago Contract, 105;

elected delegate to Congress from Minnesota Territory, 105;

his notable Indian speech, August 2, 1850, 107;

secures double land grants for common schools and for a university, 107;

speech for reform of Indian policy, 107;

retires from American Fur Company, 197;

drafts new bill for land grants to Minnesota railroads, 124;

in legislature of 1855, 126;

frames report on Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad, 126;

draws memorial to Congress praying for disapproval of Minnesota and Northwestern Railroad bill, 127;

chairman and president of Democratic end of constitutional convention, 138;

elected first state governor, 149;

sworn in as governor, 157;

inaugural address, 159;

notifies the four companies as to prior lien, 163;

appointed to Command Indian expedition, 211;

corresponds with Little Crow, 216;

moves against the Sioux, 218;

commands in battle of Wood Lake, 218;

releases captives, 220;

promoted brigadier-general, 222;

appoints military commission, 227;

commands Sioux expedition of 1863, 234;

in legislature of 1871, favors payment of bonds of 1858 in full, 328;

honorary banquet to, 339;

receives degree of LL. D., 339;

death, 339.

Sioux and Chippeways exchange murders, 62.

Sioux campaign of 1864, 236;

expedition of 1863, 234.

Sioux half-breed scrip, story of, 117;

placed on iron ore properties, 119.

Sioux Indians:

first heard of, 7;

seen by Allouez, 14;

early habitat, 44;

immigration of, 44;

characteristics, 45;

tribes and numbers of, 94;

move to reserves (1853), 120, 167;

uneasy on reserves, 167;

become farmers, 168;

effect of concentration, 191;

character of reservations, 192;

prey of whiskey-sellers, 192;

disturbances at upper agency, 194;

delay of payments, 195;

soldiers’ lodge, 196;

late arrival of gold, 196;

murders at Acton, 197;

council at upper agency, 201;

depopulation, 203;

losses in outbreak, 211;

removal from Minnesota, 232.

Sioux outbreak, 190.

Sioux prisoners, trial of, by military commission, 227;

disposition of principal body of, 228, 232;

maltreated by whites, 228;

protests against leniency, 229;

Bishop Whipple’s letter to President, 230;

President Lincoln’s scrutiny, 230;

executions, 231;

mistakes in identification, 231;

become Christians, 231, 232;

disposition of convicts not executed, 232.

Sioux reservations:

granted in treaties of 1851, 96;

annulled by Senate, 1852, 98;

ratified by Indians, 1853, 98;

nevertheless occupied, 167;

permitted by Congress to be held, 167;

reduction, 169, 192;

forfeited, 232.

Sioux treaties:

abortive treaty of 1849, 92;

treaties of 1851, 93;

of 1858, 169, 192;

abrogation of, 232.

Sissetons, 94;

country of, 96.

Sixth Minnesota Infantry, decimated in Arkansas, by disease, 246;

at Wood Lake, 219;

gallantry at Fort Blakely, 246.

Smith, Donald A., an associate for purchase of St. Paul and Pacific, 308.

Smith, Robert, gets lease at falls of St Anthony, 129.

Snelling, Col. Joseph, takes command, 56;

builds Fort St. Anthony, 56.

Soldiers’ Home, 335.

Source of rivers, the true, 70.

Spain retrocedes Louisiana to France, 43.

Special legislation forbidden, constitutional amendment, 346.

Special state railroad bonds, authorized, 155;

intended employment of, 164;

discredit of, 164;

amount of issue, 165;

legislative reports on, 172;

tribunal for, 330;

redeemed (1881), 331.

Springer, William, mentioned, 317.

Spring wheat, adapted to Minnesota, 273.

State agricultural college, located at Glencoe, 261;

merged with university, 261.

State Agricultural Society, mentioned, 356.

State Art Society, 363.

State Board of Charities and Corrections, 334;

Board of Health, 334;

Board of Control, 344;

Board of Visitors, 345.

State capital, efforts to remove, 132, 265.

State capitol, burned (1881), 325;

rebuilt, 343;

new, built, 343.

State Forestry Board, mentioned, 358.

State highway commission; constitutional amendment, 348.

State Public School for neglected and dependent children, 335.

State Reformatory, 335.

Steele, Franklin, gives site for university preparatory school, 144;

defeated by Shields for U. S. senator, 151.

Stephen, George, takes an interest in St. Paul and Pacific purchase, 310.

Stevens, Rev. J. D., missionary, opens school at Lake Harriet, 66;

pastor of Snelling church, 67.

Stevens, J. H., gets lease at falls of St. Anthony, 130.

Stillwater, laid out (1843), 81;

convention, 86.

Stone, George C., explores for iron ore, 358.

Stuart, Robert, mentioned, 64.

Sully, Gen. Alfred, commands expedition, 1863, 236.

Supreme Court of Minnesota holds “five million loan” amendment of 1860 unconstitutional, 331.

Supreme Court of United States, validates Sioux half-breed scrip, 120;

in obiter dictum holds Minnesota responsible for railroad bonds, 329.

Swift, Henry A., becomes governor for six months, 249.

Taliaferro, Lawrence, first Sioux agent, 61;

opposes issue of individual patents to Sioux half-breeds, 117.

Talon, intendant of New France, 13;

orders post at the Sault, 14;

plans expedition to the west, 15;

chooses Joliet to lead, 16.

Taxation, system, changed by constitutional amendment, 347.

Tenth Minnesota Infantry, at Nashville, 244.

Terms of office, 337.

Third Minnesota Infantry, recruited, 181;

at Murfreesboro, 182;

at Wood Lake, 219;

in battle of Fitzhugh’s Woods, 243.

Thomas, M. T., appointed colonel of Eighth Minnesota, 189.

Thompson, David, on Turtle Lake, 70.

Tornado, at St. Cloud (1886), 348;

in southern counties (1891), 349.

Traders’ paper, 95.

Transit Railroad Co., chartered, 161.

Transportation to seaboard, see Windom.

Traverse des Sioux, treaty of, 95.

Treaty, see Indian treaties.

Tweedy, John H., mentioned, 87.

Twelfth Minnesota Volunteers, in Spanish War, 350.

Tyler, Hugh, attorney-in-fact, 100.

University of Minnesota, created, 144;

land grant of 1851, 144;

first board of regents, 144;

preparatory school of 1851, 144;

campus purchased on credit, 145;

regents borrow money, 145, 160, 257;

erect building, 145;

state board appointed, 175, 258;

state board recommend sale of land, 258;

Congress donates lands reserved in 1851, 258;

properties turned over to state auditor, 258;

special board appointed, 259;

“extrication” by same, 259;

new charter, 260;

preparatory and academic departments opened, 260;

novel plan of organization proposed by the first president, the author of this book, 300;

first commencement, 300;

double land grant, 302;

fed by high schools, 338;

late prosperity, 353.

Van Cleve, Horatio P., colonel of Second Minnesota, 181.

Van Cleve, Mrs. Charlotte Ouisconsin, born, 55.

Van der Horck, Capt. John, commands at Fort Abercrombie, 223.

Van Sant, Samuel R., governor (1901-05), 340;

opposes railroad consolidation, 340.

Verendrye, Sieur de la, explorations, 28.

Vermilion Iron Range, 358.

Vilas, William F., secretary of state, endeavors to prevent use of Sioux scrip, 119.

Wabashaw sends letter to Sibley, 217.

Wabashaw reservation, 117.

Wahpékutes, see Sioux Indians.

Wahpétons, see Sioux Indians.

Walker, Lucius C., Chippewa agent, mentioned, 225.

Washburn, William D., declines nomination for Congress, 264;

becomes nominee in 1878, 316;

service as congressman, 318;

elected U. S. senator, 342.

Washburne, E. B., reply to Ignatius Donnelly, 263.

Weiser, Dr. J. S., shot by Sioux, 235.

Welch, Major A. E., gallantry at Wood Lake, 219.

Welch, William H., appointed territorial chief justice, 1853, 108.

Western fur-trade suspended, 25.

Wheat crops of 1875 and 1880, 307;

grading and inspection, 336.

Whipple, Henry Benjamin, protests against wholesale executions, 229.

Whitman, Allen, report on locusts, 304.

Wilkin, Alexander, defeated for delegate, 1855, by Rice, 107;

appointed colonel of Ninth Minnesota, 189.

Wilkinson, Major M. C., shot in Pillager outbreak, 352.

Wilkinson, Morton S., elected U. S. senator, 171;

defeated for Senate by D. S. Norton, 252.

Williamson. Miss Jane, missionary work, 67, 233.

Williamson, Thomas Smith, missionary of American Board (1835), 66;

translates Bible into Dakota, 67;

organizes the Hazlewood republic at Yellow Medicine, 169;

escapes from upper Sioux, 202;

ministers to Sioux convicts, 233.

Wilson, Eugene M., elected M. C., 264.

Wilson, Horace B., state superintendent of public instruction, 299.

Winchell, N. H., state geologist, 303;

reports on iron ore find (1878), 358.

Windom, William, reëlected to Congress (1862), 248;

elected U. S. senator, 292;

personal qualities, 292;

report of, on “transportation routes to the seaboard,” 292;

defeated for reëlection to U. S. Senate (1883), 338;

Secretary of the Treasury, 339;

death, 339.

Winnebagoes, established on Long Prairie reservation, 104;

stray from reserve, 104;

Rice contract, 104;

moved to new reserve, near Mankato, 120;

removed from Minnesota, 232.

Woman suffrage on school and library measures, 320, 347.

Wood Lake, battle of, 218.

Younger brothers, 315.

AMERICAN STATESMEN

Биографии деятелей, прославившихся в политической истории США. Под редакцией Джона Т. Морза-младшего. Каждый том с портретом, 16mo, с золотым обрезом, 1,25 долл. Комплект из 31 тома, 38,75 долл.; в полукожаном переплете, 85,25 долл.

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BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. By John Bach McMaster.

WASHINGTON IRVING. By Charles Dudley Warner.

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EDGAR ALLAN POE. By George E. Woodberry.

GEORGE RIPLEY. By O. B. Frothingham.

WILLIAM GILMORE SIMMS. By William P. Trent.

BAYARD TAYLOR. By Albert H. Smyth.

HENRY D. THOREAU. By Frank B. Sanborn.

NOAH WEBSTER. By Horace E. Scudder.

NATHANIEL PARKER WILLIS. By Henry A. Beers.

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JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER. By Geo. R. Carpenter.

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Transcriber’s note:

Все упоминания «Ramsay» заменены на «Ramsey».

Все упоминания «per cent» заменены на «per cent».

Все упоминания «re-election» заменены на «reëlection».

Все упоминания «pre-emption» заменены на «preëmption».

Все записи указателя приведены к единому стандарту.

Страница 75, исправлено «noteworty» на «noteworthy», «Примечательно, что Бельтрани».

Страница 221, добавлена точка, «воображение читателя».

Страница 225, «Emmegabowgh» изменено на «Emmegabowh», «миссионер Эммегабоу».

Страница 270, «promotors» исправлено на «promoters», «энтузиасты-организаторы во многих областях».

Страница 354, «but» перенесено, «не для того, чтобы изучать сельское хозяйство, а чтобы практиковать его».

Страница 364, добавлена запятая, «Самая высокая точка, гранитный пик».

Указатель: запись о «Кавалерийском батальоне Бракетта» перенесена со страницы 1862 на страницу 186.

Указатель: запись для «Хоуга» изменена с «Min-ne-ha-po-lis» на «Min-ne-ha-polis», «Хоуг, Чарльз, предлагает название Миннеаполис, 131».

Указатель: запись для «Жога» перенесена перед записью для Джонсона.

Указатель: запись для «Жога» изменена со страницы 9 на страницу 6.

Указатель: запись для «Сент-Мишель» изменена на «Сент-Майкл», «Святой Михаил Архангел, миссия, 27».

Указатель, добавлена точка, «Уэлч, майор А. Е.»

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