Десмонд Маккарти, Агата Расселл

«Леди Джон Расселл: Мемуары с подборкой дневников и писем»

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PEMBROKE LODGE, May 9, 1878

Great day. Nonconformist deputation presented address to John on the fiftieth anniversary of Repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts. Alas! that he could not see them. All cordial and friendly, and some with strikingly good countenances. Edmond Fitzmaurice happened to call, stayed, and spoke admirably. Lord Spencer also called just before they came to congratulate him, but I stupidly did not think of asking him to stay. Those of the deputation who spoke did so extremely well. It was a proud and a sad day. We had hoped some time ago that he might perhaps see the deputation for a moment in his room, but he was too ill for that to be possible.

Лорд Расселл скончался 28 мая 1878 года в Пембрук-Лодже.

Queen Victoria to Lady Russell

BALMORAL, May 30, 1878

DEAR LADY RUSSELL,--It was only yesterday afternoon I learnt through the papers that your dear husband had left this world of sorrows and trials peacefully, and full of years, the night before, or I would have telegraphed or written sooner! You will believe that I truly regret an old friend of forty years' standing, and whose personal kindness in trying and anxious times I shall ever remember. "Lord John," as I knew him best, was one of my first and most distinguished Ministers, and his departure recalls many eventful times. To you, dear Lady Russell, who were ever one of the most devoted of wives, this must be a terrible blow, though you must have for some time been prepared for it. But one is such trials and sorrows of late years that I most truly sympathize with you. Your dear and devoted daughter will, I know, be the greatest possible comfort to you, and I trust that your grandsons will grow up to be all that you could wish.

Believe me always, yours affectionately,

V. R. I.

Page 253.

Mr. John Bright to Lady Russell

June 1, 1878

DEAR LADY RUSSELL,--... What I particularly observed in the public life of Lord John--you once told me you liked his former name and title--was a moral tone, a conscientious feeling, something higher and better than is often found in the guiding principle of our most active statesmen, and for this I always admired and reverenced him. His family may learn from him, his country may and will cherish his memory. You alone can tell what you have lost....

Ever very sincerely yours,

JOHN BRIGHT

Lady Minto to Lady Russell

June 4, 1878

I have been thinking of you all day, and indeed through many hours of the night.... I rather wished to hear that the Abbey was to have been his resting place--but after all it matters little since his abiding place is in the pages of English history.... What none could thoroughly appreciate except those who lived in his intimacy was the perfect simplicity which made him the most easily amused of men, ready to pour out his stores of anecdote to old and young--to discuss opinions on a level with the most humble of interlocutors, and take pleasure in the commonest forms of pleasantness--a fine day, a bright flower. Nor do I think that the outside world understood from what depth of feeling the tears rose to his eyes when tales of noble conduct or any high sentiment touched some responsive chord--nor how much "poetic fire" lay under that calm, not cold manner.... I remember often going down to you when London was full of some political anger against him--when personalities and bitterness were rife--and returning from you with the feeling of having been in another world, so entire was the absence of such bitterness, so gentle and peaceful were the impressions I carried away.

Леди Расселл вместе с семьей в начале июля отправилась в Санкт-Филланс в Пертшире, чтобы провести несколько месяцев в абсолютной тишине среди шотландских озер и гор. Доброта королевицы Виктории, просившей ее остаться в Пембрук-Лодже, стала для нее большим утешением.

Page 254.

Lady Russell to Lady Charlotte Portal

PEMBROKE LODGE, June 30, 1878

Just a word with you, my own Lotty, before leaving home. Oh the blessing of being still able to call it home, darkened for ever as it is, for the multiplying memories with which it is thronged make it dearer as well as sadder every day of my life! Lotty, shall I ever believe that he has left me, quite left me, never to return? Will the fearful silence ever cease to startle me? Whenever I came in from a walk or a drive I used to know almost before I opened his door, by the sound of his voice, or of something, whether all was well with him, and now there is only that deadly silence. And yet, I often feel if I had but courage to go in, surely I must find him, surely he must be waiting for me and wanting me. But how foolish to talk of any one form of this unutterable blank, which meets me at every turn, intertwined with everything I say or do, and taking a new shape every moment, and the yearning and the aching which have been my portion for four years--the yearning for my other lost loved ones, for my dear, dear boys, seems more terrible than ever now that this too has come upon me.... I pass my husband's sitting-room window--there are the roses he loved so well, hanging over them in all their summer beauty, but he does not call me to give him one. I come in, and there on the walls of my room are pictures of the three, but not one of them answers me--silence, nothing but deadly silence! I know all is well, and I feel in my inmost heart that this last sorrow is a blessed one, saving us from far worse, and taking him to his rest, and I never for a moment forget what treasures beyond price are left to my old age still.

ГЛАВА XIII

1878–98

Page 255.

Леди Расселл пережила мужа почти на двадцать лет. С момента смерти лорда Расселла в мае 1878 года и до 1890 года она не вела дневник, но незадолго до смерти написала для своих детей несколько воспоминаний о некоторых событиях тех двенадцати лет.

В мае 1880 года скончалась леди Виктория Вильерс, оставив овдовевшего мужа и многочисленных детей. Ее смерть стала тяжелой утратой для леди Расселл, которая отзывалась о ней как об «идеальной жене и матери».

Летом 1883 года ее сын Ролло купил имение — Данрозел — возле Хаслмира, и с этого времени до 1891 года леди Расселл проводила в Данрозеле по нескольку месяцев ежегодно. В 1891 и 1892 годах она на несколько месяцев снимала дом на Хиндхеде — в нескольких милях от Хаслмира. Она наслаждалась прекрасной дикой местностью, поросшей вереском, которая напоминала ей Шотландию, но после 1892 года она почувствовала, что дома ей лучше всего, и больше никогда не покидала Пембрук-Лодж.

В 1885 году женитьба ее сына Ролло на мисс Элис Годфри принесла ей огромную радость. Но чуть более чем через год, вскоре после рождения сына, миссис Ролло Расселл скончалась, и леди Расселл снова глубоко страдала, поскольку чужие горести — особенно горести ее детей — она всегда переносила тяжелее собственных.

Page 256.

Ей было легко всё дальше отходить от мира многочисленных обязанностей и важных дел — легче, чем это удается многим из тех, кто фигурировал в нем с меньшим блеском. Играть заметную роль в этом мире не делает людей счастливыми; но, как правило, это мешает им быть довольными чем-либо иным. С ней было иначе; в дни, наиболее насыщенные успехами и волнениями, ее мысли устремлялись домой. Она всегда чувствовала, что тихая, занятая семейная жизнь — самая естественная для нее. Когда она была девочкой в Минто, помогая воспитывать младших братьев и сестер, она записала в своем дневнике:

August 26, 1836

Chiefly unto children, O Lord, do I feel myself called; in them I see Thy image reflected more pure than in anything else in this sinful though beautiful world, and in serving them my love to Thee increases.

Ее желание исполнилось в необычайной степени. Будучи одной из многочисленных детей в семье братьев и сестер, она еще помогала в воспитании младших, когда вышла замуж, а ее замужество сразу принесло ей заботу о молодой семье; вскоре появились и собственные дети, а старость принесла ей попечение о сменяющих друг друга внуках. При жизни лорда и леди Эмберли их дети часто проводили во Пембрук-Лодже по многу месяцев, пока их родители находились за границей, а когда оба родителя скончались, два мальчика переехали жить к дедушке с бабушкой. Десять лет спустя внук ее младшего сына был привезен к ней в день смерти матери, когда ему исполнилось два месяца, и оставался с ней до второй женитьбы ее сына в 1891 году. Дети ее падчериц также были для нее любящими внуками и часто приезжали погостить в Пембрук-Лодж надолго.

Леди Расселл иногда думала, что когда настанут дни досуга, она уделит часть времени литературному труду и напишет воспоминания о многих интересных мужчинах и женщинах, которых знала, и о бурных событиях, очевидцем которых ей довелось быть; однако неожиданные и ежедневные заботы и обязанности, обрушившиеся на нее, сделали это невозможным. Она принадлежала к числу тех, кто никогда не пренебрегал насущными нуждами окружающих, и отдавала свое время и мысли заботе о внуках с радостной и любящей преданностью.

Page 257.

Одним из ее величайших удовольствий было видеть собственные идеалы и устремления отраженными в молодежи; и после заботы о семье благополучие деревенской школы в Петершеме, пожалуй, ближе всего лежало к ее сердцу. Школа росла и процветала благодаря ее самоотдаче. В 1891 году ее великодушно взяло на попечение Британское и иностранное школьное общество, но эти перемены ничуть не отразились на ее интересе к школе и на времени, которое она ей уделяла. Теплая привязанность жителей Петершема была для нее огромным счастьем; после продолжительной болезни и вынужденного отсутствия в деревне она писала своей дочери: «Ты не представляешь, какое благотворное влияние оказало на меня снова увидеть деревенского друга».

Настроения среди сельских жителей можно понять по двум коротким отрывкам из писем, написанных после ее кончины: один садовник из Петершема назвал ее «нашим горячо любимым другом, графиней Расселл», а другой местный житель, учившийся в Петершемской школе, писал: «Она была поистине матерью для многих из нас, «старых учеников»».

Письма леди Расселл показывают, что ее интерес к политике оставался столь же живым до самого конца; она с трепетом следила за переменами, затрагивавшими Ирландию. До конца своих дней она сохранила пыл юношеского радикализма, и с преклонными годами ее религиозные взгляды становились все более и более широкими. Для нее не существовало никакой непогрешимости ни в какой Библии, ни у какого пророка, ни в какой церкви. Сохраняя все более глубокое благоговение перед жизнью и учением Иисуса, она тем не менее чувствовала, что «Высшее Откровение исходит не от Христа, а приходит непосредственно от Универсального Разума к нашему разуму». Последнее ее публичное появление в Ричмонде состоялось на открытии новой Свободной церкви 16 апреля 1896 года, к которой она присоединилась несколькими годами ранее как к общине, разделяющей взгляды, более близкие к ее собственным, чем любые другие.

Существует сторона внутреннего мира леди Расселл, которую ее письма отражают не вполне адекватно. Она была страстной читательницей, но в своих письмах (написанных с поразительной быстротой) нечасто распространялась о книгах, которые так любила обсуждать в беседах. Среди романистов сэр Вальтер Скотт был, пожалуй, тем, кого она перечитывала чаще всего; Джейн Остин также была среди ее фаворитов; но она также с большим удовольствием читала многих более поздних авторов, особенно Чарльза Диккенса и Джордж Элиот.

Page 258.

В поэзии ее вкус в некоторых отношениях соответствовал вкусу более раннего поколения; она, например, не могла присоединиться к осуждению Байрона и не разделяла безграничного восхищения Китсом, которое встречала среди молодежи. Мильтон, Купер, Бёрнс, Байрон и Лонгфелло были среди тех, кого читали чаще всего, но Шекспир всегда оставался непревзойденным, и по мере того, как шли годы, ее удивление и восхищение, казалось, лишь крепли и углублялись с каждым новым чтением его величайших пьес; и периоды без чтения Шекспира — вслух или про себя — были короткими и редкими. Она не была близко знакома с Шелли, но в последние годы жизни на нее глубоко повлияли красота и музыкальность его поэзии, которую она предпочитала слушать в чтении вслух.

Она любила Теннисона, а в последние годы также Браунинга, несмотря на протесты против его неясности и временами крайне немелодичного английского языка. Она сильно ощущала вдохновение его мудрой и оптимистичной философии. Она страстно любила читать Данте и разбиралась в немецкой и итальянской поэзии лучше большинства образованных женщин. Но хотя она читала много и часто труды знаменитых авторов, это не мешало ей идти в ногу с литературой своего дня. Ее сильно влекло к спекулятивным книгам, не слишком техничным, и к трудам теологов, чьи взгляды отличались широтой и терпимостью к сомнениям. В 1847 году она упоминает о чтении некоторых сочинений доктора Ченнинга «с величайшим наслаждением»; а несколько лет спустя она писала: «Начала «Жизнь Ченнинга»; интерес высочайшей степени — эхо всех тех возвышенных и благородных мыслей, которых эта земля еще не достойна, но которые, я твердо верю, однажды будут царить на ней безраздельно». В более поздние годы она находилась под глубоким впечатлением от сочинений доктора Мартино и прочла много его книг. Однако ее не привлекали философские изыскания ради них самих; ее привлекала значимость нравственных и религиозных вопросов, стоявших на кону в таких дискуссиях. Естественно, что она с жадностью читала историю и биографии, и для нее было характерно оценивать поступки давно минувших дней с такой интенсивностью, какую обычно вызывают события современности. До последних лет своей жизни она вставала рано, чтобы выкроить время для чтения и размышлений до начала дневных хлопот. Если только не было причин для плохого самочувствия, художественная литература и легкое чтение исключались из утренних часов. Она верила в неукоснительное соблюдение подобных самоналоженных норм воздержания, касались ли они тела или радостей разума.

Page 259.

В течение своей долгой жизни она познакомилась лично почти со всеми ведущими писателями викторианской эпохи, и некоторых из них знала близко.

Среди самых ранних друзей лорда и леди Джон Расселл были Сидней Смит, Томас Мур и Маколей. Сохранилась шутливая записка в стихах, написанная леди Джон Сэмюэлю Роджерсу, которая служит по крайней мере иллюстрацией того, как легко ее фантазия и хорошее настроение могли вылиться в рифму по случаю какого-нибудь семейного торжества или детского спектакля.

To Mr. Rogers, who was expected to breakfast and forgot to come

CHESHAM PLACE, 1843

When a poet a lady offends

Is it prose her forgiveness obtains?

And from Rogers can less make amends

Than the humblest and sweetest of strains?

In glad expectation our board

With roses and lilies we graced;

But alas! the bard kept not his word,

He came not for whom they were placed.

Sad and silent our toast we bespread,

At the empty chair looked we and sighed;

All insipid tea, butter, and bread,

For the salt of his wit was denied.

Now in wrath we acknowledge how well

He the "Pleasures of Memory" who drew,

For mankind from his magical shell

Gives the "Pains of Forgetfulness" too.

Page 260.

Роджерс ответил в стихах:

CARA, CARISSIMA, CRUDELISSIMA,--If such is to be the reward for my transgressions, what crimes shall I not commit before I die? I shall shoot Victoria to-day, and Louis Philippe to-morrow.

But to be serious, I am at a loss how to thank you as I ought. How I lament that I have hung my harp upon the willow!

Yours ever,

S. R.

В более поздние годы Теккерей и Чарльз Диккенс были желанными гостями, а сердечная дружба между лордом и леди Джон и Диккенсом продолжалась вплоть до его кончины в 1870 году. Диккенс заявил в своей речи в Ливерпуле в 1869 году, что «в Англии не было человека, которого он уважал бы больше в его общественном качестве, любил больше в его частной жизни или от которого получал бы более яркие свидетельства его уважения и любви к литературе, чем лорд Джон Расселл».

Среди поэтов Теннисон и Браунинг были ее верными друзьями; Лонгфелло также навещал Пембрук-Лодж и поразил леди Расселл своей мягкой и духовной натурой, а Лоуэлл был одним из самых приятных ее гостей. С сэром Генри Тейлором, чьей поэмой «Филипп ван Артевельд» она восхищалась, ее связывали близкие и теплые отношения с юности до преклонных лет.

Мистер Леки, преданный друг, оставил описание царившей в Пембрук-Лодже атмосферы, которое можно привести здесь:

В течение нескольких лет после ухода лорда Расселла от дел в Пембрук-Лодже собирался круг людей, равного которому едва ли можно было сыскать — и уж точно нельзя было превзойти — во всей Англии. Летними воскресными днями в тени этих величественных дубов можно было увидеть почти всех видных деятелей британской политики и многих представителей английской литературы, и немногие выдающиеся иностранцы приезжали в Англию, не совершив паломничества к старому государственному деятелю. 99

Мистер Фредерик Харрисон был одним из лучших друзей леди Расселл в последние годы ее жизни, а ее живой интерес к ирландскому вопросу сблизил ее с мистером Джастином Маккарти, который знал ее столь близко в те дни ее хлопотной и уединенной старости, что его воспоминания, приведенные в последней главе этой книги, представляют большую ценность.

Page 261.

Среди ученых, с которыми она была ближе всего знакома, были сэр Ричард Оуэн, ее близкий сосед по Ричмонд-парку, сэр Джозеф Хукер и профессор Тиндаль — один из самых обаятельных и восхитительных ее гостей.

В автобиографии сэра Генри Тейлора есть отрывок, в котором рассказывается о ней в более ранние годы, но в нем выражено то впечатление, которое она до самой своей смерти производила на многих из тех, кто с ней встречался:

I have been rather social lately, ... and went to a party at Lord John Russell's, where I met the Archbishop of York.... A better meeting was with Lady Lotty Elliot, the one of the Minto Elliots who is now about the age that her elder sisters were when I first knew them some sixteen or eighteen years ago.... They are a fine set of girls and women, those Minto Elliots, full of literature and poetry and nature; and Lady John, whom I knew best in former days, is still very attractive to me; and now that she is relieved from the social toils of a First Minister's wife, I mean to renew and improve my relations with her, if she has no objection.... She is very interesting to me, as having kept herself pure from the world with a fresh and natural and not ungifted mind in the world's most crowded ways. I recollect some years ago going through the heart of the City, somewhere behind Cheapside, to have come upon a courtyard of an antique house, with grass and flowers and green trees growing as quietly as if it was the garden of a farm-house in Northumberland. Lady John reminds me of it.

Page 262.

Обаяние ее общества, помимо любезности ее манер, заключалось в мгновенной отзывчивости ко всему происходящему вокруг и в том ощущении, которое ее речь и присутствие производили: ощущение жизни, управляемой простым, достойным и суровым преданием. Именно спонтанность ее сочувствия привлекала к ней на протяжении всей ее жизни защитников павших духом или полных надежд борцов за правое дело, а также столь многих идеалистов — уверенных в себе или смирившихся, оборванных или признанных. Каждый, кто болел за какое-то дело, кто стремился к цели, выходящей за рамки личных интересов, находил в ее лице собеседника, который словно сразу понимал, сколь горьки были неудачи или сколь важны одержанные победы, и для таких людей ее общество становилось поистине живительным источником и вдохновением посреди вежливого или нескрываемого равнодушия света. Она умела слушать с пылом; и если такое сочувствие доставалось сравнительно малознакомым людям, то тем в большей степени оно принадлежало тем, кто владел ее сердцем. Она мгновенно откликалась на их радости и беды; более того, она принимала чужие заботы так близко к сердцу, что те, кого она любила, поначалу часто пытались скрыть от нее свои невзгоды. Подобные натуры обычно не умеют скрывать свои эмоции, и хотя она могла утаивать собственные физические страдания так, что почти вводила в заблуждение тех, с кем жила, ее чувства читались без труда. Если в ее присутствии говорилось что-то, что ее ранило, ее огорчение становилось заметно в тот же миг; и как прекрасное следствие этой прозрачной выразительности, ее жизнерадостность была заразительной, а привязанность озаряла тех, кого она любила, нежнейшим сиянием.

После смерти лорда Расселла политические события больше не могли служить связующей нитью для ее писем и других записей; однако следующие отрывки, отобранные за многие годы, дают, будем надеяться, тем, кто никогда не знал ее, некоторое представление о ней такой, какой ее помнят те, кому довелось с ней общаться.

В первый день рождения леди Джорджианы Пиль после смерти ее отца леди Расселл послала ей следующие стихи:

To GEORGY

For her Birthday, February 6, 1879.

TUNE: "Lochnagar."

What music so early, so gently awakes me,

And why as I listen these fast falling tears;

And what is the magic that so swiftly takes me

Far back on my road, o'er the dust of dead years?

Voice of the past, in thy sweetness and sadness

Thy magic enthralling, thy beauty and power,

Oh voice of the past! in thy deep holy sadness,

I know thee and yield to thee one little hour.

Page 263.

Once more rings the birthday with merry young laughter,

Our bairnies once more are around us at play;

Their little hearts reck not of what may come after,

As lightly they weave the fresh flowers of to-day.

Now to thy father's loved hand gaily clinging,

To ask for the kiss he stoops fondly to gi'e;

To his care-laden spirit once more thou art bringing

The freshness of thine, bonny winsome wee Gee!100

Thy rosy young cheek to my own thou art pressing,

Thy little arms twining around me I feel.

And thy Father in Heaven to thank for each blessing,

I see thee beside me in innocence kneel.

When the dread shadow of sickness is o'er me,

I see thee, a lassie all brightness and bloom;

Still, still through thy tears strewing blossoms before me,

Still watching beside me through silence and gloom.

Hushed now is the music! and hushed be my weeping

For days that return not and light that hath fled.

No more from their rest may I summon the sleeping,

Or linger to gaze on the years that are dead.

Fadeth my dream--and my day is declining,

But love lifts the gloamin' and smooths the rough way;

And I hail the bright midday o'er thee that is shining,

And think of a home that will ne'er pass away.

В начале 1879 года леди Расселл вновь стала чаще общаться со своими лондонскими друзьями, а в мае вместе с сыном и дочерью отправилась в отель «Александра» для короткого пребывания в городе. В своих «Воспоминаниях» она пишет:

In May (1879) we spent ten days at the Alexandra Hotel, in the midst of many kind friends and acquaintances. It was strange to be once more in "the crowd, the hum, the shock of men" as of old--and all so changed, so solitary within.... We there first saw Mr. Justin McCarthy--he has since become a true friend, and his companionship and conversation are always delightful; as with so warm a heart and so bright an intellect they could not fail to be.

Page 264.

В апреле 1880 года, когда выдвижение кандидатуры мистера Гладстона в Мидлотиане вызывало величайшее волнение и энтузиазм, леди Расселл получила это письмо от миссис Гладстон.

120, GEORGE STREET, EDINBURGH, April 4, 1880

MY DEAR LADY RUSSELL,--We are so much touched by your letter and all the warmth and kindness you have shown to ourselves and Mary and Herbert. How can I thank you enough? I see in your letter all the memories of the past, and that you can throw your kind heart into the present moment lovingly. The old precious memories only make you more alive to what is going on, as you think of him who had gone before and shown so noble an example to my husband. No doubt it did not escape you, words of my husband about Lord Russell.... All here goes on splendidly; the enthusiasm continues to increase, and all the returns have thrown us into a wild state of ecstasy and thankfulness. It is, indeed, a blessing passing all expectations, and I look back to all the time of anxiety beginning with the Bulgarian horrors, all my husband's anxious hard work of the past three or four years--how he was ridiculed and insulted--and now, thank God, we are seeing the extraordinary result of the elections, and listening to the goodness and greatness of the policy so shamefully slandered; righteous indignation has burst forth.... I loved to hear him saying aloud some of the beautiful psalms of thanksgiving as his mind became overwhelmed with gratitude and relieved with the great and good news. Thank you again and again for your letter.

Yours affectionately,

CATHERINE GLADSTONE

Sir Mount Stuart Grant Duff101 to Lady Russell

June 8, 1883

As to the public questions at home--alas! I can say nothing but echo what you and some other wise people tell me. One is far too much out of the whole thing. I do not fear the Radical, I greatly fear the Radical, or crotchet-monger.... Your phrase about the division on the Affirmation Bill102 rises to the dignity of a mot, and will be treasured by me as such. "The triumph of all that is worst in the name of all that is best."

Page 265.

Lady Russell to Lady Agatha Russell

PEMBROKE LODGE, June, 1883

... I have been regaling myself on Sydney Smith's Life and Letters--the wisdom and the wit, the large-hearted and wide-minded piety, the love of God and man set forth in word and deed, and the unlikeness to anybody else, make it delightful companionship.... I long to talk of things deep and high with you, but if I once began I should go on and on, and "of writing of letters there would be no end." That is a grand passage of Hinton's [on music]. I always feel that music means much more than just music, born of earth--joy and sorrow, agony and rapture, are so mysteriously blended in its glorious magic.

Lady Russell's Recollections

In July, 1883, I went with Agatha to see Dunrozel for the first time ... I was simply enchanted--it was love at first sight, which only deepened year after year.... We had a good many pleasant neighbours; the Tennysons were more than pleasant, and welcomed us with the utmost cordiality, and we loved them all.

At that time Professor Tyndall and Louisa103 were almost the only inhabitants of Hindhead. They were not yet in their house, but till it was built and furnished lived in their "hut," where they used to receive us with the most cheering, as well as cheerful, friendliness.

Lady Russell to Miss Lilian Blyth104[Mrs. Wilfred Praeger]

DUNROZEL, HASLEMERE, November 16, 1883

Your letter is just like you, and that means all that is dear and good and loving.... Indeed, past years are full of happy memories of you all, not on marked days only, but on all days. At my age, however, it is better to look forward to the renewal of all earthly ties and all earth's best joys in an enduring home, than to look back to the past--to the days before the blanks were left in the earthly home which nothing here below can ever fill, and this it is my prayer and my constant endeavour to do. We go home to dear Pembroke Lodge next Tuesday ... going there must always be a happiness to us all, yet this lovely little Dunrozel is not a place to leave without many a pang.

Page 266.

Lady Russell to Miss Bühler105

PEMBROKE LODGE, December, 1883

... I find my head will not bear more than a certain amount of writing without giddiness and dull headache ... and there are so many correspondents who must be answered; friends, relations, business people, that I am often quite bewildered; ... so, please, understand that I shall always write when I can, but not nearly always when I would like to do so. Go on letting yourself out whether sadly or happily, or in mingled sadness and happiness, and believe how very much I like to see into your thoughts and your heart as much as letters can enable me to do so.... As for Scotland, oh! Scotland, my own, my bonny Scotland! if you associate that best and dearest of countries with your present ennui and unhappiness, I shall turn my back upon you for good and all and give you up as a bad job! So make haste and tell me that you entirely separate the two things, and if you don't admire "mine own romantic town" and feel its beauty thrill through and through you, you must find the cause in anything rather than in Edinburgh itself! Such are my commands.... In the meantime let it be a consolation and a support to you to remember that it is by trials and difficulties that our characters are raised, developed, strengthened, made more Christ-like.... Good-bye, good-bye. God bless you.

Lady Russell to Sir Henry Taylor

February 29, 1884

I have just been reading with painful interest "Mémoires d'un Protestant condamné aux Galères" in the days of that terribly little great man Louis XIV. I ask myself at every page, "Did man really so treat his fellow-man? or is it all historical nightmare?" I never can make the slightest allowance for persecutors on the ground that "they thought it right to persecute." They had no business so to think.

Mr. Gladstone to Lady Russell

December 14, 1884

I thank you for and return Dr. Westcott's interesting and weighty letter.... A very clever man, a Bampton lecturer, evidently writing with good and upright intention, sends me a lecture in which he lays down the qualities he thinks necessary to make theological study fruitful. They are courage, patience, and sympathy. He omits one quality, in my opinion even more important than any of them, and that is reverence. Without a great stock of reverence mankind, as I believe, will go to the bad....

Page 267.

В разгар споров и накала страстей вокруг гомруля леди Расселл получила от мистера Гладстона следующее письмо:

10, DOWNING STREET, WHITEHALL,

June 10, 1886

MY DEAR LADY RUSSELL,--I am not less gratified than touched by your most acceptable note. It is most kind in you personally to give me at a critical time the assurance of your sympathy and approval. And I value it as a reflected indication of what would, I believe, have been the course, had he been still among us, of one who was the truest disciple of Mr. Fox, and was like him ever forward in the cause of Ireland, a right handling of which he knew lay at the root of all sound and truly Imperial policy. It was the more kind of you to write at a time when domestic trial has been lying heavily upon you. Believe me,

Very sincerely yours,

W. E. GLADSTONE

Lady Russell to Lady Agatha Russell

DUNROZEL, HASLEMERE, August 30, 1886

... Our Sunday, mine especially, was a peaceful, lovely Sabbath--mine especially because I didn't go to any church built with hands, but held my silent, solitary worship in God's own glorious temple, with no walls to limit my view, no lower roof than the blue heavens over my head. The lawn, the green walk, the Sunday bench in the triangle, each and all seemed filled with holiness and prayer--sadness and sorrow. Visions of more than one beautiful past which those spots have known and which never can return, were there too; but the Eternal Love was around to hallow them....

Page 268.

Lady Russell to Miss Bühler

PEMBROKE LODGE, November 24, 1886

MY DEAREST DORA,--I am afraid you will say that I have forgotten you and your most loving and welcome birthday letter, but as I know you will not think it, I don't so very much mind. Nobody at seventy-one and with many still to love and leave on earth, can hail a birthday with much gladness.... The real sadness to me of birthdays, and of all marked days, is in the bitterly disappointing answer I am obliged to make to myself to the question: "Am I nearer to God than a year ago?" ... I never answered your long-ago letter about your doubts and difficulties and speculations on those subjects which are of deepest import to us all, yet upon which it sometimes seems that we are doomed to work our minds in vain--to seek, and not to find--to exult one moment in the fullness of bright hope and the coming fulfilment of our highest aspirations, and the next to grope in darkness and say, "Was it not a beautiful dream, and only a dream? Is it not too good to be true that we are the children of a loving Father who stretches out His hands to guide us to Himself, who has spoken to us in a thousand ways from the beginning of the world by His wondrous works, by the unity of creation, by the voices of our fellow-creatures, by that voice, most inspired of all, that life and death most beautiful and glorious of all, which 'brought life and immortality to light,' and chiefly by that which we feel to be immortal within us--love--the beginning and end of God's own nature, the supreme capability which He has breathed into our souls?" No, it is not too good to be true. Nothing perishes--not the smallest particle of the most worthless material thing. Is immortality denied to the one thing most worthy of it?

I sent you "The Utopian," because I thought some of the little essays would fall in with all that filled your mind, and perhaps help you to a spirit of hopefulness and confidence which will come to you and abide with you, I am sure. You will soon receive another book written by several Unitarians, of which I have only read very little as yet, but which seems to me full of strength and comfort and holiness.... Good-bye, and God bless you.

Your ever affectionate,

F. RUSSELL

Page 269.

Lady Charlotte Portal to Lady Russell

January 26, 1887

DEAREST FANNY,--I wonder if you are quite easy in your conscience, or whatever mechanism takes the place with you of that rococo old article. Do you think you have behaved to me as an elder ought?--to me, a poor young thing, looking for and sadly requiring the guidance of my white-headed sister? Our last communications were at Christmas-time--a month ago. Are you all well? Are you all entirely at the feet of the dear baby boy?106 Or have your republican principles begun to rebel against his autocratic sway? ... I have been amusing myself with an obscure author named William Shakespeare, and enjoying him immensely. Amusing myself is not the right expression, for I have been in the tragedies only. I had not read "Othello" for ages. How wonderful, great, and beautiful and painful it is (oh dear, why is it so coarse?). Then I also read "Lear" and "Henry VIII," and being delightfully ignorant I had the great interest of reading the same period (Henry VIII) in Holinshed, and in finding Katharine's and Wolsey's speeches there! Then I have tried a little Ben Jonson and Lord Chesterfield's letters. What a worldling, and what a destroyer of a young mind that man was. Can you tell me how the son turned out? I cannot find any information about him. The language is delightful, and I wish I could remember any of his expressions.... Now give me a volume of Pembroke Lodge news in return for this. Public matters, the fear of war, the arming of all nations, make me sick at heart. How wonderful and admirable the conduct of that poor friendless little Bulgaria has been. Then Ireland, oh me! but on that topic I won't write to the Home Ruler!

Your affectionate sister,

C. M. P.

Lady Russell to Lady Charlotte Portal

PEMBROKE LODGE, January 27, 1887

DEAREST LOTTY,--It was but yesterday that there rose dimly to my memory the vision of a lady with the initials--C. M. P., and who knows how long I might have remained in the dark as to who and what she might be but for this letter, in which she claims me as a sister! and moreover an elder and a wiser sister! one therefore whose doings and not-doings, writing and not-writing, must not be questioned by the younger....

We have imagined ourselves living in a state of isolation from our fellow-creatures, but yours far exceeds ours and makes it almost into a life of gaiety. I'm most extremely sorry to hear of it, though most extremely glad to hear that your minds to you a kingdom are. What good and wholesome and delightful food your mind has been living on. Isn't that Shakespeare too much of a marvel to have really been a man? "Othello" is indeed all you say of it, and more than anybody can say of it, and so are all the great plays. I am reading the historical ones with Bertie.... Alas, indeed, for the coarseness! I never can understand the objections to Bowdlerism. It seems to me so right and natural to prune away what can do nobody good--what it pains eyes to look upon and ears to hear--and to leave all the glories and beauties untouched.... The little Autocrat is beginning to master some of the maxims of Constitutional Monarchy--for instance, to find out that we do not always leave the room the moment he waves his hand by way of dismissal and utters the command of "Tata." I waste too much time upon him, in spite of daily resolutions to neglect him.... I don't at all know whether Lord Chesterfield succeeded in making his son like his own clever, worldly, contemptible self, but will try to find out. Have you read "Dean Maitland"?107 Now, Fanny, do stop, you know you have many other letters to write....

Ever thine,

F. R.

Page 270.

Lady Russell to Lady Georgiana Peel

DUNROZEL, HASLEMERE, SURREY, September 9 [1887]

... Your account of the Queen and her visit interested us much.... I often wish she could ever know all my gratitude to her and the nation for the unspeakable blessing and happiness Pembroke Lodge has been, and is; joys and sorrows, hopes fulfilled, and hopes faded and crushed, chances and changes, and memories unnumbered, are sacredly bound up with that dear home. Will it ever be loved by others as we have loved it? It seems impossible....

Lady Russell to Lady Charlotte Portal

DUNROZEL, HASLEMERE, September 12, 1887

DEAREST LOTTY,--I don't think I am writing because your clock is on the stroke of Sixty-three, for these clocks of ours become obtrusive, and the less they are listened to the better for our spirits. I wonder whether it's wrong and unnatural not to rejoice in their rapid movements as regards myself. I often think so. There is so much, or rather there are so many, oh, so many! to go to when it has struck for the last time, and the longing and the yearning to be with them is so unspeakable--and yet, dear Lotty, I cling to those here, not less and less, but more and more, as the time for leaving them draws nearer. God grant you many and many another birthday of happiness, as I trust this one is to you and your home.... Your letter was an echo of much that we had been saying to one another, as we read our novel--not only does nobody, man or even woman, see every change and know its meaning in the human countenance, and interpret rightly the slight flush, the hidden tremor, the shade of pallor, the faint tinge, etc.; but we don't think there are perceptible changes to such an extent except in novels.... I think a great evil of novels for girls, mingled with great good, is the false expectation they raise that somebody will know and understand their every thought, look, emotion.... How glad I am that you have a rival baby to worship--ours is beyond all praise--oh, so comical and so lovely in all his little ways and words....

Your most affectionate sister,

F. R.

Page 271.

Lady Russell to Lady Georgiana Peel

PEMBROKE LODGE, November 28, 1887

... We have been having such a delightful visit from Lotty ... we did talk; and yet it seems as if all the talk had only made me wish for a great deal more. Books and babies and dress and almsgiving and amusements and the nineteenth century, its merits and its faults, high things and low things, and big things and trifles, and sense and nonsense, and everything except Home Rule, on which we don't agree and couldn't spare time to fight. We did thoroughly agree, however, as I think people of all parties must have done, in admiration of a lecture, or rather speech, made at our school by a very good and clever Mr. Wicksteed, a Nonconformist (I believe Unitarian) minister on Politics and Morals. The principle on which he founded it was that politics are a branch of morals; accordingly he placed them on as high a level as any other duty of life, and spoke with withering indignation of the too common practice, and even theory, that a little insincerity, a little trickery, is allowable in politics, whereas it would not be in other matters.108 We were all delighted.

Lady Russell to Lady Charlotte Portal

PEMBROKE LODGE, March 7, 1888

"Adam Bede" was as interesting a sofa companion as you could have found; a very lovely book--wit and pathos almost equally good, pathos quite the best though, to my mind. We are reading aloud another charming book of Lowell's, "Democracy," and other essays in the same volume; and I flutter about from book to book by myself, and have still two books of "Paradise Lost" to read, and am wondering what is going to happen to Adam and Eve. I was very miserable when I found she ate the forbidden fruit. She had made such fair promises to be good. Alas, alas! why did she break them? That story of the Fall, though I suppose nobody thinks it verbally true, is always to me most full of deep meaning, and seems to be the story of every mortal man and woman born into this wondrous world.

Lady Russell to Lady Charlotte Portal

DUNROZEL, HASLEMERE, October 3, 1888

Agatha gone yesterday to Pembroke Lodge--Rollo gone to-day to join her, so my wee bairnie and I are "left by our lone," as you used to say. "Einsam nein, dass bin ich nicht, denn die Geister meiner Lieben, Sie umschweben mich."109 I think it's good now and then to let the blessed and beautiful memories of the past have their way and float in waking dreams before our eyes, and not be forced down beneath daily duties and occupations and enjoyments, till the pain of keeping them there becomes hard to bear. Yet, "act, act in the living present" is very, very much the rightest thing; though I don't think I quite like the past to be called the dead past, when it is so fearfully full of keenest life.

Page 272.

Lady Russell to Lady Georgiana Peel

DUNROZEL, HASLEMERE, SURREY, October 8, 1888

... We have had Rollo's old Oxford friend, Dr. Drewitt, here for two nights--the very cheerfulest of guests. He is head of the Victoria Hospital for Children, and what with keen interest in his profession, and intense love of nature, animate and inanimate, I don't think he would know how to be bored. Hard-worked men have far the best of it here below, although we are accustomed to look upon "men of leisure" as those to be envied; but how seldom one finds a man or woman, who lives a life in earnest, and who has eyes to see and observe, taking a gloomy view of human nature and its destinies. I wonder what you have been reading? I have taken up lately that delightful book, Lockhart's "Life of Sir Walter Scott," and dipping into many besides.... Some of our pleasantest neighbours have paid us good-bye visits; Frederic Harrisons, and the charming and wonderful old Miss Swanwick110....

Lady Russell to Lady Charlotte Portal

PEMBROKE LODGE, March 13, 1889

How could you, could you, could you think that my mental vow not to write on the all-absorbing political catastrophe was because I sing "God save, Ireland" in one sense, and you in another! The vow was made because if once the flood-gates of my eloquence are let loose on that subject, there is a danger that the stream will Tennysonially "go on for ever." It is, however, a vow made to be broken from time to time, when I allow a little ripple to flow a little way and make a little noise, and then return to the usual attitude towards non-sympathizers; and, like David, keep silence and refrain even from good words, though it is pain and grief to me, and my heart is hot within me. I am speaking of the mere acquaintance non-sympathizers, or those known to be too bitter to bear difference of opinion; but don't be afraid, or do be afraid, as you may put it, and be prepared for total removal of the flood-gates when you come. Don't you often feel yourself in David's trying condition, knowing that your words would be very good, yet had better not be spoken? I don't like it at all.

Page 273.

Lady Russell to Lady Charlotte Portal

DUNROZEL, September 4, 1889

DEAREST LOTTY,--It was nice to hear from you from Minto. What a strange sensation it always gives me to write or to hear that word of Minto.111 I am sure you know it too--impossible to define, but like something beautiful and holy, not belonging to this world. I like to hope that such memories have been stored up by the younger spirits who have succeeded us, while "children not hers have trod our nursery floor." But in this restless, fly-about age can they ever be quite the same? ... I see that luckily I have no room to go on about lovely, lovable, sorrowful Ireland. Alas! that England has ever had anything to do with her; but better times are coming, and she will be understood by her conquerors at last, and be the better for them. Hush! Fanny, no more; even that is too much. God bless thee.

Ever thine,

F. R.

В 1889 году была опубликована «Жизнь лорда Джона Расселла» пера мистера Спенсера Уолпола.

Mr. Gladstone to Lady Russell

HAWARDEN CASTLE, CHESTER, October 30, 1889

MY DEAR LADY RUSSELL,--The week which has elapsed since I received from Mr. Walpole's kindness a copy of his biography has been with me a busy one; but I have now completed a careful perusal of the first volume. I cannot help writing to congratulate you on its appearance. It presents a beautiful and a noble picture. Having so long admired and loved your husband (and the political characters which attract love are not very numerous), I now, with the fuller knowledge of an early period which this volume gives me, both admire and love him more. Your own personal share in the delineation is enviable. And the biographer more than vindicates the wisdom of your choice; his work is capital, but it could not have been achieved except with material of the first order. O for his aid in the present struggle, which, however, is proceeding to our heart's content. Believe me always most sincerely yours, W. E. GLADSTONE

Page 274.

Чуть позже мистер Гладстон прислал леди Расселл гранки своей статьи о министерстве Мельбурна, 112 отрывки из которой приводятся ниже:

... He [Lord John Russell] brought into public life, and he carried through it unimpaired, the qualities which ennoble manhood--truth, justice, fortitude, self-denial, a fund of genuine indignation against wrong, and an inexhaustible sympathy with human suffering.... With a slender store of physical power, his life was a daily assertion of the superiority of the spirit to the flesh. With the warmest domestic affections, and the keen susceptibilities of sufferings they entail, he never failed to rally under sorrow to the call of public duty. There were no bounds to the prowess or the fellow-feeling with which he would fling himself into the breach on behalf of a belaboured colleague; ... in 1852 an attack upon Lord Clarendon's conduct as Viceroy of Ireland stirred all the depths of his nature, and he replied in a series of the noblest fighting passages which I have ever heard spoken in Parliament ... At the head of all these qualities stands the moral element. I do not recollect or know the time in our own history when the two great parties in the House of Commons have been led by men who so truly and so largely as Lord John Russell and Sir Robert Peel identified political with personal morality. W. E. GLADSTONE

Lady Charlotte Portal to Lady Russell, after reading Mr. Walpole's "Life of Lord John Russell" December 26, 1889

... I long that every one should know as we do what the extraordinary beauty of that daily life was. I always think it was the most perfect man's life that I ever knew of; and that could better bear the full flood of light than any other.

В январе 1890 года, после почти двенадцатилетнего перерыва в ведении дневника, леди Расселл снова принялась записывать по нескольку слов изо дня в день. 6-го числа она упоминает «крайне приятный» визит мистера Фруда; в тот же день она принимала за обедом мистера Джона Маккарти и добавляет, что разговор шел «больше о Шекспире, чем об Ирландии».

Page 275.

Lady Russell to Mr. Justin McCarthy113

November 19, 1890

DEAR MR. MCCARTHY,--I hardly know why I write to you, but this terrible sin and terrible verdict make us very, very unhappy, and we think constantly of you, who have been among his closest friends, and of all who have trusted him and refused to believe in the charge against him. You must, I know, be feeling all the keenness and bitterness of sorrow in the moral downfall of a man whose claims to the gratitude and admiration of his country in his public career nothing can cancel. It is also much to be feared that the great cause will suffer, at least in England, if he retains the leadership. It ought not, of course; but where enthusiasm and even respect for the leader can no longer be felt, there is danger of diminution of zeal for the cause. Were he to take the honourable course, which alone would show a sense of shame--that of resignation--his political enemies would be silenced, and his friends would feel that although reparation for the past is impossible, he has not been blinded by long continuance in deception and sin to his own unworthiness, and to the fact that his word can no longer be trusted as it has been, and as that of a leader ought to be. I dare not think of what his own state of mind must be; it makes me so miserable--the unlimited trust of a nation not only in his political but in his moral worth must be like a dagger in his heart. Were he to retire, the recollection of the great qualities he has shown would revive, and the proof of remorse given by his retirement would draw a veil over his guilt, and the charity, which we all need, would not be withheld from him. I know that numerous instances can be given of men in the highest positions who have retained them without opposition in spite of lives tainted with similar sin; but this has not been without evil to the nation, and I think there is a stronger sense now than there used to be of the value of high private character in public men, in spite of a great deal of remaining Pharisaism in the difference of the measure of condemnation meted out to different men. I think too that the unusual and most painful amount of low deception in this case will be felt, even more than the sin itself, by the English people. Pray forgive me, dear Mr. McCarthy, for writing on this sad topic; but I have got into the habit of writing and speaking freely to you, even when it can, as now, do no earthly good to anybody.

Page 276.

There is one consolation in the thought that should he retire Ireland is not wanting in the best and highest to succeed him. Pray do not write if you prefer not, though I long to hear from you, or still better see you.

Yours most sincerely,

F. RUSSELL

Lady Russell to Mr. Justin McCarthy

PEMBROKE LODGE, November 22, 1890

DEAR MR. MCCARTHY,--I cannot rest without telling you how very sorry I shall be if my letter gave you one moment's pain. I knew how close and true a friend you were of Mr. Parnell, and how unchanging your friendship would be; but I did not know which course that unchanging friendship would lead you to take. Not a doubt can ever cross our minds of the patriotism which has dictated your action and that of your Irish colleagues. Do not allow any doubt to cross yours or theirs, that it is the intensity of love for the great cause which led many in England to wish for a different decision. Nothing would be more terrible, more fatal, than any coldness between the friends of Ireland on the two sides of the Channel. May God avert such a misfortune, and whatever happens, believe me always most sincerely yours,

F. RUSSELL

Mr. Justin McCarthy to Lady Russell

November 24, 1890

DEAR LADY RUSSELL,--I ought to have answered your kind letter before, for I value your sympathy more--much more--than I can tell you in words. I am afraid the prospect is dark for the present. Mr. Gladstone sent for me to-day and I had some talk with him. He was full of generous consideration and kindness, but he thinks there will be a catastrophe for the cause if Parnell does not retire. The Irish members cannot and would not throw over Parnell, but he may even yet decide upon retiring. All depends on to-morrow, and we have not seen him. I have the utmost faith in his singleness of public purpose and his judgment and policy, but it is a terrible crisis.

With kindest regards, very truly yours,

JUSTIN MCCARTHY

Page 277.

Lady Russell to Mrs. Warburton

PEMBROKE LODGE, November 23, 1890

MY DEAREST ISABEL,--... Yes, dearie, it was a delightful visit, leaving delightful memories of all kinds; chats gay and grave trots long and short, drives, duets--will they ever come again? I am very glad this heart-breaking Irish thunderclap did not fall while you were here. It makes us so unhappy. Poor Ireland! her hopes are always dashed when about to be fulfilled. Nothing can palliate the fearful sin and almost more fearful course of miserable deception; but he might, by taking the one right and honourable course of resigning his leadership--if only for a time--at least have given a proof of shame, and have saved England and Ireland from the terrible pain of discussion and disagreement, and from the danger to Home Rule which his retention of the post must cause. His Parliamentary colleagues have done immense harm by their loud protestations in his favour. There is much to excuse them, but not him, for this course. Our poor Davitt is miserable, and is braving a storm of unpopularity by writing strongly against his (Parnell's) retention of the leadership. His whole thought is for Ireland, and he knows that his advice is that of a true friend to her--as well as to the wretched man himself....

Your ever affectionate,

MAMA

Мистер Майкл Давитт снял дом в Ричмонде и жил там в то время. Несколькими годами ранее леди Расселл прочитала его «Тюремный дневник» и написала следующее стихотворение. В то время она была с ним не знакома.

Written after reading Michael Davitt's "Leaves from a Prison Diary"

DUNROZEL, September, 1887

Man's justice is not Thine, O God, his scales

Uneven hang, while he with padlocked heart

Some glittering shred of human tinsel sees

Outweigh the pure bright gold of noblest souls,

Who from the mists of earth their eyes uplift

And seek to read Thy message in the stars.

Thou hearest, Lord, beneath the felon's garb

The lonely throbbing of no felon's heart,

The cry of agony--the prayer of love

By agony unconquered--love, heaven-born,

That fills with holy light the joyless cell,

As with the daybreak of his prayer fulfilled,

The glorious dawn of brotherhood for man,

And freedom to the sorrowing land that bore him,

For whose dear sake he smiles upon his chains.

Thou gatherest, Lord, his bitter nightly tears

For home, for face beloved and trusted hand,

For the green earth, the freshly blowing breeze,

The heaven of Liberty, all, all shut out.

Page 278.

His vanished dreams, his withered hopes Thou knowest,

The baffled yearnings of his heart to snatch

From paths unhallowed childhood's tottering feet,

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