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РУКОПИСНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

Аллен, Этан, Опись государственных документов Мэриленда. В библиотеке Исторического общества Мэриленда.

Бумаги Банкрофта, касающиеся Каролины. В Нью-Йоркской городской библиотеке.

Метрическая книга крещений Мобила, штат Алабама, с 1704 по 1740 год. В соборе Мобила.

Журнал Совета по торговле. В Государственном архиве, Лондон.

Копии документов Исторического общества Луизианы. Новый Орлеан, шт. Луи.

Рукописные записи Массачусетса. В Капитолии штата в Бостоне.

Рукописные записи Миссисипи. Джексон, шт. Мисс.

Заметки и исторические документы о Луизиане. Копия в библиотеке Исторического общества Луизианы. Новый Орлеан, шт. Луи.

Записи Ежегодного собрания квакеров Пенсильвании и Джерси. Молитвенный дом Филадельфии.

Записи Общества распространения Евангелия в иностранных частях. В здании Общества. Лондон.

Подборка христианских и братских наставлений, время от времени даваемых Ежегодным собранием квакеров Пенсильвании и Нью-Джерси, заседающим поочередно в Берлингтоне и Филадельфии: в алфавитном порядке систематизированная по надлежащим рубрикам. Молитвенный дом Филадельфии.

Рукописные записи Южной Каролины. Колумбия, шт. Ю. К.

Копии документов в библиотеке г-на Питера Дж. Гамильтона из Мобила, шт. Алабама.

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ

Acolapissa, Indian tribe, attacked and enslaved by Chickasaw and English, 185

Abnaki, Indian tribe, take slaves from Illinois, 70

Adoption, 43

Addington, Isaac, secretary of council of safety, 293;

hires Indians, 293

Advertisements of Indian slaves, 243, 244

Agona, chief, seized by Cartier, 72

Agriculture, 36, 83

Alabama, tribe, enslave and sell Mobile Indians, 75

Algonquin, nation, hold Indian slaves, 28

Albany, common council, act concerning fugitive slaves, 221;

treaty of, 202;

restrictions on slaves, 260

Alcaldes, enslave Indians, 61

Altamaha, tribe, 75

Amalgamation, cause of decline of slavery, 107, 287

Anastasius, Father, given an Indian girl, 81

Antilles, discovery, 48

Apache, tribe, enslaved by Choctaw, 30

Apalache, tribe, enslaved by Carolina settlers, 120, 121;

attacked by English Indians, 171;

attack missions of Santa Catalina and Santa Fé, 179

Archdale, John, governor of South Carolina, tries to check trade in Indians, 178

Archbishop of Canterbury, 268

Aricara, tribe, 31

Arizona, 30, 60

Arkansas, tribe, 27, 64, 70, 75

Ассамблея Южной Каролины рассматривает вопрос торговли индейцами, 180–185;

of Virginia regarding Indian slaves, 186

Athapascan, hold slaves, 33

Atlantic slope, Indian slavery in, 25

Awanthonks, squaw sachem, 148

Azores, Indians carried to, 125, 127

Bacon, sells captives as slaves, 119;

instigates assembly to legalize enslavement of Indians, 131

Bacon, Lord, sees Indians in England, 154

Bannister, Mr., before Board of Trade, 188

Baptism, of Indian slaves, 88, 89;

отношение к свободе, 267–275

Barbadoes, governor of, sends Indians back to Massachusetts, 167;

South Carolina sends Indians to, 202

Barnwell, Colonel, expedition to Florida, 120;

expedition to North Carolina, 122

Barter, 27, 37, (see trade)

Bartram, on Indian slaves, 35, 42

Bellomont, Governor, reports on religious conditions of slaves, 272

Bermudas, Indian slaves carried to, 124, 127, 202

Benezet, Anthony, opposed to Indian slavery, 307

Berkeley, Dean, on decrease of number of Indians, 286;

on Indians as hired servants, 294

Berkeley, Sir William, on conditions in Virginia, 108;

sells Indian captives, 119;

proposes enslavement of Indians, 131;

buys Indian slaves, 301

Bienville, commandant at New Orleans, 28, 64;

orders Canadian French to stop urging Indians to war, 78;

proposes exchanging Indians in West Indies for negroes, 78, 97;

sells Indians to English, 78;

complains of neglect of agriculture in Louisiana, 84;

states that French colonists desire negroes, 97;

arranges peace between Choctaw and Chickasaw, 173

Birth, method of enslavement, 207

Birth-rate, decreased, cause of decline of Indian slavery, 285

Blackfeet, tribe, slavery among, 45

Block Island, slaves in, 110

Blount, Tom, chief, receives Indian captives as slaves as reward for aiding English, 133

Board of Commissioners, appointed by South Carolina to deal with trade in Indians, 181;

attempts to check traders, 183

Board of Trade, reports to, 111, 118

Bossu, journey of, 70

Boston News Letter, beginning of, 218;

advertises runaways, 218

Boston, slaves in, 109, 126, 180, 187, 274, 299;

prohibitions on slaves, 260

Bradford, on number of Indians, 284

Branding, punishment, 261

Bressani, Father, captured by Iroquois, 47

Bristol Parish, Virginia, Indian slaves in, 229

British Columbia, Indian slavery in, 46

Cabo de Santa Elena, Cape, 53

Cabot, Sebastian, kidnaps Indians, 154

Cadadaquiou, tribe, enslaved, 30

Cadillac, report concerning Indian slaves, 78

Cahouita, tribe, enslaved, 75

Calicott, Richard, has Indian slave, 243

California, 33;

missions, 59, 60

Canada, acquisition of, 64;

population of, 93

Capawick (Martha’s Vineyard), 157

Cape Fear, Indians kidnapped, 159, 197

Cape François, Indians sent to, 67, 68

Capitulation of Montreal, 64, 93

Carolina, Indians captured, 29;

Indians exported from, 117;

coureurs de bois sell Indians into, 168;

French idea concerning policy of, 171

Carondelet, Baron, orders slaves to remain with owners, 58

Cartier, kidnaps Indians, 71, 72;

receives Indians as gifts, 79;

uses Indian slaves as guides, 82

Catawba tribe, reduced in numbers, 287

Cenis, tribe, have slaves, 34, 37, 38

Champigny, sends Indians to France, 73

Champlain, given Indians by a chief, 80

Charity, Indian girl given Champlain, 80

Charleston, Indian slaves in, 109, 121, 180

Chat, tribe, enslaved, 29

Cherokee, tribe, abolish slavery, 46;

hostile to English, 136;

treaty with, 136;

demand that English give up enslaved members of their tribe, 137;

sold as slaves, 137;

complain that tribes prey on each other for slaves, 170;

other tribes join with, 287

Chester County, Pennsylvania, Indian slaves in, 116

Chickasaw, tribe, war with French, 69;

slave of Bienville, 86;

prey on tribes for captives to sell, 30, 171;

allies of English, 34, 171;

French try to destroy alliance of, 171;

lose 500 prisoners in ten years, 172;

obtain slaves from distant nations, 172;

French attempt to make them friends of Choctaw, 173;

attack Choctaw, 173;

enslave Shawnee, 173;

armed by English of Virginia, 185

Children, sold for food, 26

Chimmesyan, tribe, 33

Chinook, tribe, slavery among, 46

Chinookan, tribe, 33

Choctaw, tribe, enslave other Indians, 30, 75;

friends of French, 33;

allies of English, 171;

lose 800 prisoners in ten years, 172;

French attempt to make them friends of Chickasaw, 173

Chouman, tribe, 34

Church, sanctions slavery, 48;

missionary labors of, 87

Church, Captain Benjamin, receives Indians to transport, 140;

instructed to go against Indians, 142;

to distribute captives among soldiers, 142;

to receive captives from governor of Rhode Island, 142

Church act, 269

Cibola, 31, 52

Clermont, Sieur Pierre, manumits Indian slave, 95

Clinton, Governor, on Indian slaves in New York, 114;

tries to prevent abuse of apprenticeship, 206

Clothing of slaves, 42, 251–252

Cocheco, seizure of Indians at, 147, 309

Code Noir, 90, 102.

Collacot, Sergeant, agreement of Massachusetts with, 222

Colonists, of Louisiana, character of, 82;

used slave women as mistresses, 82

Columbia River country, Indian slavery in, 33, 45, 46

Columbus, enslaves Indians, 48

Comanche, tribe, 86

Company, of the Indies, 64;

of the West, 102;

of Providence Islands, 125

Compostella, 54

Concessions, negroes on, 102

Congaree, tribe, preys on weaker tribes, 170

Corannine, tribe, destruction of, 287

Cosmé, owns Indian slave, 81

Connecticut, slaves in, 110, 111, 123, 128, 130–131;

акт против ввоза индейцев, 189–191;

enslaves Indians as punishment, 206;

restricts Indian slaves, 260;

favors religious instruction of slaves, 275;

exchanges Indian slave for land, 277;

regulates manumission, 281;

regulates action of slaves, 290;

finds Indian slaves unsatisfactory, 291;

hired Indians in, 294;

indentured Indians in, 295

Cooks, hired Indians as, 243;

Indian slaves as, 243

Copper, object of barter, 27

Cornbury, Governor, on fugitive slave law, 221;

helps in conversion of slaves, 268

Coronado, Francisco Vasquez de, 31, 52, 53;

uses Indian slaves as guides, 55

Council, Indian, 40, 42;

grand council of South Carolina sends agents to remove Indian slaves from plantations, 175;

opposed to proprietors, 176

Coureurs de bois, stir up tribes, 64;

purchase Indians, 75, 76, 77, 78, 168;

Indianized Frenchmen, 87;

trade, 96

Cramoisy, on Indian slaves, 86

Creeks, tribe, enslaved by Indians, 121;

other tribes join with, 287

Crows, tribe, slavery among, 45

Cruzat, Lieutenant-governor, proclamation of against enslavement of Indians, 58

Culacut, Steward, desires Indian slaves, 310

Cutler, Reverend Timothy, reports on religious condition of slaves in Boston, 274

Dartmouth, Indians, seized by Plymouth, 146

Davenport, Lieutenant, desires Indian slave, 310;

Reverend John, on Indian slaves, 209

Dealers, in Indians state reasons for traffic, 177

Death, punishment, 261

De Ayllon, cédula issued to, 49;

sends expedition, 53

De Beauharnois, governor of Canada, 94

De Boucherville, journey to Canada, 32

De Bourgmont, 32, 64;

purchases Indians, 74, 80;

sends Indian slaves to New Orleans, 74;

uses slave as interpreter, 82;

uses slaves as bribes and rewards, 86

Decline of Indian slavery, 59, 96–102, 281–319

Deer Island, Indians sent to, 143

De Figueroa, Vasco Porcallo, 52

De la Barre, expedition against Iroquois, 85

De Leon, patent of, 49;

proclamation of, 50

Le Lignery, proposes that tribes exchange slaves, 38

De Louvignery, demands slaves of Fox Indians, 71

De Morfi, Fray Agustin, describes mission, 61

De Narvaez, 51;

collapse of expedition, 53

De Niza, Fray Marcos, 52

Denonville, expedition against Iroquois, 85

Derby, Indian slaves in, 300

Detroit, 38, 75;

slavery in, 93, 99

De Vaca, Cabeza, enslaved, 46;

on Indian slavery, 54

De Vaudreuil, governor-general of Canada, demands slaves from tribes, 70

Disease, cause of decline of Indian slavery, 41, 96, 283, 285

Doagges, tribe, 131

Dongan, Governor, report on religious condition of slaves, 272

Donnés, 66

Dubuisson, 38

Du Chapart, governor of Ft. Rosalie, 67

Dudley, Governor, report on slaves, 109

Duke’s Laws, on baptism of slaves, 272

Du Luth, 38;

expedition, 74;

given Indian slaves, 81;

uses slave as guide, 82

Dunmore, Earl of, authorizes court for trial of slaves, 256

Dunn, pastor of South Carolina parish, to S. P. G. F. P., 267

Du Pont, receives Indian as gift, 80

голландцы порабощают и вывозят индейцев, 112–113

Du Tisné, 28, 31, 73, 74;

mediates peace between Pawnee and Padouca, 31

East Nottingham, Pennsylvania, Indian slaves in, 116

Eliot, John, redeems Indian slaves sold abroad, 128;

hires Indians, 293;

translates Bible, 293;

opposed to Indian slavery, 305;

has Indian slave as tutor, 243

Employment of Indian slaves, 35–39, 55, 83–86, 242–249

Endicot (Endecot), desires Indian slave, 310

England, rival power, 71

Erie, tribe, enslaved, 29

Esaw, tribe, prey on western tribes, 170

Esclavos, Indian community, 25

Esquimaux, enslaved, 28

Eyanoco, chief, has white slaves, 46

Faith, Indian girl given to Champlain, 80

Famine, cause of slavery, 26, 41

Fayal, one of Azores, 125;

Indians carried from Plymouth to, 125;

Indians seized by Laughton carried to, 161

Fishing, employment of Indian slaves, 37

Flathead, tribe, 32

Florida, 27, 29, 30, 48, 51, 52, 59;

free Indians in, 284

Fontaine, Reverend Peter, advocates intermarriage of whites and Indians, 252

Fontanedo, 48

Food, of slaves, 42

Forbes, account of church in Virginia, 269

Fort Carolina, 79

Fort Royal, 119

Fox, tribe, war with French, 69, 71;

valley, 87

France, 66, 71;

Indians carried to, 71, 72;

laws of, 89;

sends indentured white servants to America, 100;

sends negroes to America, 101

Franciscans, 59

квакеры владели индейскими рабами, 115–116;

opposed to Indian slavery, 307

Friends’ yearly meeting, action on slavery, 116

Freedom, of slaves, 42, 43, 44, 45 (see manumission.)

Fremin, Father, 35

Frobisher, kidnaps Indians, 155

Fugitive slave law, 220;

in articles of confederation of United Colonies, 224

Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, 269

Fur trade, 73, 74;

connected with purchase of slaves from Indians, 168

Galleys, French, Indian slaves in, 73

Gamblers, Indians as, 26

General court, Massachusetts, authorizes enslavement of Indians, 124, 126, 127, 128, 137, 139;

decree regarding retention of male Indian slaves in colony, 145;

Plymouth, 137;

disposes of captives, 139;

decree regarding retention of male Indian slaves in colony, 145;

decree regarding purchase of captive Indian children, 146;

sanctions seizure of peaceable Indians, 146;

disposes of Dartmouth Indians, 146;

Connecticut, orders that Indians who surrender shall not be transported, 149;

arranges to dispose of captives, 149

Georgia, report on, 107;

slaves in, 108

Gibson, bishop of London, declares baptism does not free slaves, 275

Gomez, 51

Gookin, Lieutenant-governor, receives complaint of Indians regarding kidnapping, 162

Goose Creek, parish in South Carolina, 267

Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, patron of Weymouth, 154;

given Indians, 155, 157;

condemns capture of Indians, 158

Great Lakes, 28, 36

Great Plains, 25

Great Sun, chief of Natchez, 68

Green Bay, 38

Grelon, 27

Guns, objects of barter, 27

Haida, tribe, 33

Harley, Captain Henry, brings Indians to Gorges, 157

Harlow, Captain Edward, kidnaps Indians, 157

Hartford, levies on slaves of townsmen, 247

Haskell, pastor of St. Thomas parish, South Carolina, 267

Hatchets, objects of barter, 27

Hawaikuh, 52

Heathcote, to Townsend, 200

Hempstead, Indian slaves in, 114, 201

Hendrickson, finds Indian slaves in Schuylkill River country, 29;

finds white slaves among Mohawk, 47

Hennepin, on slaves among Iroquois, 35

Hispaniola, Indian slaves in, 53

Hobson, Captain, brings two of Hunt’s Indian captives back to America, 158

Hocquart, intendant of Canada, 94

Holman, Ensign, agreement of Massachusetts with, 222

Hope, Indian girl given Champlain, 80

Horse, tribe, 32

Hunt, Captain Thomas, kidnaps Indians, 158

Hunter, Governor, petition to, regarding Spaniards in New York, 318

Hunting, occupation of Indian slaves, 37

Hupa, tribe, 33

Huron, tribe, 27, 28, 29, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 42

Hyde, Governor, on enslavement of Indians, 133

Iberville, baptism of his Indian slave, 89

Illinois, tribe, 27, 28, 29, 31, 37, 38, 64, 70, 80;

area, 32;

Indian slaves in, 93, 102;

negro slaves in, 102

Incle and Yarico, play and opera, 303

Indentured servants, Indians as, 295;

белые, 295–297

Indians, as hired laborers, 59;

as apprentices, 196

индейские рабы среди аборигенов, 25–47;

у испанцев, 48–62;

у французов, 63–102;

у англичан, 102–319;

в Каролинах, 66–108;

in Georgia, 108;

in Virginia, 108;

в Массачусетсе, 109–110;

in Rhode Island, 110;

в Коннектикуте, 110–111;

in New Hampshire, 111;

в Новых Нидерландах, 112–113;

in New York, 113;

in Pennsylvania, 115;

in New Jersey, 116;

in Maryland, 117;

в результате войн, 118–153;

war with Stono Indians, 119;

war with Kussoe Indians, 119;

war of Spanish succession, 119;

Tuscarora War, 121;

Pequot War, 123;

King Philip’s War, 125;

Bacon’s rebellion, 131;

распоряжение ими колониальными правительствами, 132–152;

путем похищения людей, 154–167;

путем торговли, 168–195;

sold by family or tribe, 196;

злоупотребление институтом ученичества, 198–201;

punishment, 201;

рождение, 207–210;

рассмотрение в качестве имущества, 211–241;

bought and sold, 216;

advertised for sale, 216;

disposed of by will, 216;

runaways advertised, 218, 219;

disputes concerning, settled by court, 225;

personal property, 226;

real property, 226;

рассмотрение в качестве налогооблагаемых лиц, 227–228;

import and export duties on, 233;

as hunters, fishermen and guides, 242;

использование на полевых работах, 244–245;

in manual occupations, 245;

hired out by owners, 245;

в военных занятиях, 246–249;

captured by French from English army, 246;

included by implication in legislative acts relating to slaves, 253;

право давать показания в суде, 254–255;

granted right to life, 255;

prohibitions on, 259, 260;

наказания, 260–264;

религиозное наставление, 264–275;

manumission, 57, 94–95, 276–282;

freed by owner, 276;

purchase freedom, 276;

regulation of actions after emancipation, 280;

сокращение использования, 283–319;

poor domestics, 288;

implicated in slave disturbances, 289;

included in laws concerning slaves by implication, 290;

стоимость, 298–302;

less valuable than negroes, 302;

use of, abolished in Virginia, 312;

in South Carolina, 315;

in Rhode Island, 316;

in New York, 317

Iroquois, tribe, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41;

effect on Indian slavery, 117

Ipswich, slaves in, 109, 298

Jenney, Reverend, on Indian slaves, 114, 273

Jesuits, 27, 34, 35, 41, 42;

oppose sale of Indians, 78, 79;

enslaved by Iroquois, 47

Johnson, missionary in South Carolina, on Indian slaves, 121

Johnson, Nathaniel, governor of Carolina, 106;

report on condition of Carolina, 106;

refuses to sell Indian perquisites, 183

Johnson, Robert, governor of Carolina, makes peace between nations, 172

Johnson, William, on Indian slaves in New York, 114

Jolliet, given an Indian, 80

Jones, Reverend Hugh, on baptizing Indian and negro slaves, 271

Jordan, river, 53

Joutel, 37

Judicial decisions recognize children of slave mothers as slaves, 210

Kansas, tribe, 31, 32, 74, 81, 86

Kaskaskia, Indian slaves at, 70, 76, 78;

church records of, 89

Keith, Sir William, owned Indian slaves, 116

Kettles, objects of barter, 27

Похищение людей, 154–167;

contrary to law, 165;

legislation regarding, 166;

Virginia act regarding, 166;

Maryland act regarding, 166;

Massachusetts act regarding, 166;

New Jersey act regarding, 167;

New Hampshire act regarding, 167

Kieft, Governor, requested by United Colonies to return runaway Indian slave, 233

King Blount, chief, North Carolina orders to return runaway Indian slaves, 222;

buys Indians, 302

King Philip, wife and son transported, 127

King Philip’s War, captives, enslaved, 110, 111, 125–131;

ran away, 218;

to receive religious instructions, 273

Kishkakon, tribe, 80

Klamath, tribe, 33

Knives, objects of barter, 27

Kussoe, tribe, war with, 119;

captives sold as slaves, 119, 134

La Harpe, journey in southwest, 30, 73;

seized Indians, 73;

given Indians, 81

La Hontan, 35, 37

La Salle, expedition of, 34, 35;

death of, 47;

urges Illinois against Iroquois, 70;

reports Indian slaves held by French, 75, 77;

advocates enslavement of Indians, 76;

given Indians, 81

Las Casas, opponent of Indian slavery, 65, 304

La Tore, Francis, kidnaps Indians, 162

Laudonnière, given Indians, 79;

intends using slaves as guides, 82

Laughton, John, captures and sells Indians abroad, 161;

indicted for the act, 161

La Vérendrye, 32;

sends Indian slaves to French settlements, 74

Law, customary, recognizes Indian slavery, 212

Leisler, Jacob, grievances against, 114

Le Jau, missionary, 266

La Jeune, 28, 36

Le Page du Pratz, uses Indian slave as cook and interpreter, 83

Le Sueur, given Indians, 81

Levis, parish register of, 88

Little Compton, hired Indians in, 293

Little Sun, chief’s son, sent to West Indies, 68

Long, journal of, 98

Longfellow, Stephen, owns Indian slave, 274

Long Point, parish register of, 88

Louis de la Louisiane, Fort, 90

Louis XIV, edict of, 63;

orders captive Indians sent to France, 85

Louisiana, 57, 59, 64, 67, 77, 82, 83;

church records of, 88;

census of, 91;

report on, 91;

negro slaves in, 101

MacSparran, betters religious condition of slaves in Narragansett, 275

Madeira, Indian slaves in, 163

Maine, Indians from, carried to Massachusetts as slaves, 105;

carried to the Azores, 125

Maine, Thomas, on preying of tribe upon tribe for slaves, 171

Makah, tribe, 43

Mallet, expedition, uses slaves as guides, 82

Mandan, tribe, 43

Manumission of Indian slaves, 57, 94, 195, 276–282

Mantantons, tribe, 81

Marcy, Moses, owns Indian slave, 288

Markham, Governor William, owns Indian slave, 116

Marquette, Father, 27;

given an Indian slave, 80

Marriages, of slaves, 42, 43, 252;

of French and Indians, 87

Martha’s Vineyard, general court grants slaves right of appeal, 257

Maryland, Indian slaves in, 117;

indentured white servants in, 117;

assembly authorizes enslavement of Indians, 132;

act against kidnapping, 166;

decrees children shall follow condition of father, 208;

decrees slavery as condition of slave parents’ children, 209;

recognizes Indian slaves as property, 217;

permits owners to hire out slaves, 246;

forbids marriage of whites and slaves, 253;

permits slaves to testify at trial of slaves, 255;

remunerates owners of executed slaves, 259;

encourages baptism of slaves, 271

Mascoutens, tribe, 38

Mason, John, commander in campaign against Narraganset, 138;

authorized to enslave captives, 138;

on runaway Indian slaves, 218;

declares Pequot captives poor slaves, 288

Massachusetts, Indian slaves in, 123, 124, 126, 187;

exports Pequot captives, 124;

exports other Indians, 126;

act against kidnapping, 166;

act against importation of Indians, 188;

act against exportation of Indians, 188;

act to prevent abuse of apprenticeship, 198;

sentences Indians to slavery as punishment for crime, 202, 203, 205;

remunerates owner for Indian slave taken from him, 225;

courts settle disputed ownership of slaves, 225;

рассмотрение индейских рабов в качестве налогооблагаемых лиц, 230–231;

forbids marriage of whites and negroes or Indians, 252;

provides for slave courts, 261, 262;

regulates sale of spirituous liquor to Indians, 264;

provides religious instruction for captives of King Philip’s War, 273;

remunerates owner for slave taken from him, 279, 280;

provides freedom as reward to slave, 280;

regulates actions of slaves, 290;

legislation shows Indian slaves unsatisfactory, 291;

requires license to hire Indians, 292

Matthews, deputy, removed by proprietors, 174

Мейхью, Эскпериенс, сожалеет об отсутствии религиозного наставления для рабов, 273;

tells of Indian slave purchasing liberty, 277

Mdewakanton, tribe, 81

Medford, slaves in, 263

Mendoza, viceroy, 31, 52, 53

Menendez, 30, 48;

brings negroes to Florida, 59

Menominee, tribe, 32

Mexico, 26, 34, 56

Miami, tribe, 29

Miantonomo, chief, agreement with Massachusetts, 221

Michigan, Indian slavery in, 33

Middleton, deputy, removed by proprietors of Carolina, 174

Milton, Indian slaves in, 298

Mining, occupation of Indian slaves, 37

Ministry, of the colonies, 91

Minquae, tribe, have white slaves, 47

Miró, governor, frees slaves, 58

Missions, 59, 60, 66

Missionaries, as slave holders, 65, 66, 67;

advocate enslavement of Indians, 76

Missouri, tribe, 32, 33, 64

Mississippi, river, 31, 36;

valley, 92

Mistick Fight, captives enslaved, 123

Mistresses, Indian slaves used as by Indians, 36;

by Spaniards, 55;

by French, 83

Mobile, tribe, held as slaves by French, 75;

settlement, 73, 75;

church records of, 88, 89;

purposes of establishment of, 172

Modoc, tribe, 33

Mohawk, have white slaves, 47

Mohegan, tribe, at war with Narraganset, 138;

hired by English, 294

Monmouth, county, New Jersey, Indian slaves in, 117

Montreal, capitulation of, 64, 93;

slavery in, 92

Montagnais, tribe, 80

Moore, Governor, enslaves and exports Indians, 119, 120, 135;

Colonel, expedition of, to North Carolina, 122;

deputy, removed by proprietors, 174;

forces council to annul election of Moreton as governor, 179;

on traffic in Indians, 179;

employs Indian slaves in fields, 245

Moreton, Governor Joseph, instructed by proprietors not to allow Indians to be carried from South Carolina, 175

Morton, Thomas, hires Indians, 293

Moscoso, leader after Soto’s death, 56;

treatment of slaves, 56

Moseley, Captain, captured Indians, 125

Mountgomry, Sir Robert, advocates use of indentured white servants, 289

Mutilation, punishment, 246

Nairn, Captain, expedition of to Florida, 120

Nanticoke, tribe, war of Maryland with, 132, 133

Narraganset, tribe, Pequot captives given to, 123;

at war with the Mohegan, 138;

campaign against, 138

Narragansett, slaves in, 110, 275;

hired servants in, 294

Nassoni, tribe, 30

Natchez, tribe, friendly with French, 67;

enslaved by French, 67, 68;

English traders purchase slaves from, 173;

enslave Shawnee, 173

Natchitoch, tribe, 30

Natchitoches, 30, 74;

report concerning, 75

Neau, pastor in New York, to S. P. G. F. P., 268

Negroes, use of a cause for decline of Indian slavery, 297, 298

Newbury, Indian slaves in, 298

New England, Indian slaves in, 105, 117, 187;

free Indians in, 283;

Indian slaves die of consumption, 285;

hired Indians in, 293

New England Confederation, decrees slavery as punishment for Indians, 206, 207;

provides for enslavement of Narraganset captives, 207;

orders Indians seized for harboring runaway slaves, 223

New Hampshire, Indian slaves in, 111;

акт против ввоза индейцев, 192–193;

levies import duties on Indians, 236;

grants slaves the right to life, 255;

finds Indian slaves unsatisfactory, 291

New Haven, act against exportation of Indians, 189

New Jersey, Indian slaves in, 116–117, 180, 300;

import duties on Indians, 236;

provides for trial of slaves, 257;

remunerates owners of executed slaves, 258;

punishments for slaves, 261, 262;

act concerning baptism of slaves, 271;

regulates action of freedmen, 280;

regulates manumission, 282;

indentured Indians in, 295

New London, Indian slaves in, 300

New Mexico, missions, 60

Новые Нидерланды, индейское рабство в них, 112–113

New Orleans, 28, 74;

census of, 91;

report on, 92

Newport, Indians surrender at, 129

New York, Indian slaves in, 113–115, 187;

act to prevent importation of Indians, 193;

abuse of apprenticeship, 200;

decrees slavery as condition of slave mothers’ children, 209;

regards Indian slaves as taxables, 232;

взимание импортных пошлин на индейцев, 238–240;

forbids slaves to testify at trial of whites, 255;

provides for trial of slaves, 257;

decrees that baptism does not free slaves, 272;

regulates actions of freedmen, 280;

regulates manumission, 282;

free Indians in, 284;

regulates conduct of slaves, 290;

indentured Indians in, 295;

abolishes Indian slavery, 317

New York City, permits owners to hire out slaves, 246;

employs Indian slaves in military operations, 247;

restrictions on slaves, 260

Nez Percés, tribe, 33

Niagara, articles of peace drawn up at, 247

North Carolina, Indian slaves in, 36, 133, 301;

runaway Indian slaves, 222;

recognizes Indian slaves as property, 225, 226;

regards Indian slaves as taxables, 227;

forbids marriage of whites and Indians, 253;

forbids slaves to testify in court, 254;

punishments for Indian slaves, 261, 263, 264;

act regarding manumission of slaves, 278;

act regulating conduct of freedmen, 280, 281;

small-pox destroys Indians, 285

Northwest, 25, 27, 33, 36, 37, 39, 42, 85;

Indian slavery in, 45

Northwest Territory, slavery in, 33

Nova Scotia, 51

Oakinacke, tribe, slavery among, 46

Ohio, 29

Okechobee, Lake, 120

Oldmixon, on number of free Indians in New York, 284;

in New Jersey, 285

Old Town Creek, settlement, Indian children enslaved, 197

Opechancanough, chief, 119

Opinion, public, concerning Indian slavery, 303

Ordinance of 1787, 33

Oregon Indians, slavery among, 33, 45

O’Reilly, proclamation of concerning slaves, 58

Ortiz, Juan, enslaved, 46

Osage, tribe, 28, 31, 32, 73, 75

Ottawa, tribe, 27, 28, 32, 35, 36, 37;

area, 66, 70, 80

Ottogami, tribe, 38

Ouacha, tribe, 75

Outaouac, tribe, 32

Padouca, tribe, 31, 32, 86

Palfrey, estimate of number of Indians, 284

Pamunkey, 119

Panis, synonym for Indian slave, 89, 246

Paraguay, 67

Paris, 64, 66, 91

Pariss, Reverend, hires Indians, 293

Parliament, of Great Britain, 64;

of South Carolina, partly in sympathy with proprietors, 176;

of Canada, abolishes slavery, 97

Parris, Alexander, receiver of South Carolina, 202

Pawnee, tribe, 28, 31, 33, 73, 75, 99;

synonym for Indian slave, 32, 64, 93, 99

Payupki, enslavement of Indians of, 38

Pekkemeck, Indians, conceal runaway slaves, 222

Pemaquid, 160, 161

Пенн, Уильям, основатель «свободной колонии», 115;

letter to Susquehanna, 224

Pennsylvania, kidnapping in, 161;

Indian slaves imported from South Carolina, 180, 187, 194;

акты против ввоза индейцев, 193–195;

act concerning runaway slaves, 221;

import duties on Indians, 236;

punishments for slaves, 262

Pensacola, English Indians attack, 171

Pequot War, captives, enslaved, 109, 110, 123, 124;

ran away, 218;

соглашения о возврате беглых рабов, 221–222;

unfitted for slaves, 288

Periér, governor of Louisiana, enslaves Natchez Indians, 68;

protests against trade in Indians, 98

Peter, Reverend Hugh, desires Indian slave, 310

Philadelphia, yearly meeting, action on Indian slavery, 308

Pierce, Captain, carries Indian slaves to the Bermudas, 124

Pima, tribe, 30

Pirates, work of, 163, 205

Plymouth, Indian slaves in, 109, 125;

sends Indians to Spain, 125, 126;

sentences Indians to slavery as punishment for crime, 204;

concerning runaway slaves, 224;

frees Indian slaves, 277;

provides remuneration for slave owners, 279;

hired Indians in, 293;

apprenticed Indians in, 295

Pollock, Governor, negotiates sale of Indians, 133

Popham, Lord, patron of Weymouth, 155;

given two Indians, 156

Portsmouth, forbids holding Indian slaves in the town, 152;

Indian slaves in, 299

Portugal, rival power, 71;

Indians carried to, 127

Potawatami, tribe, 38

Powder, object of barter, 27

Powhatan, chief, 36;

Indian freed by Virginia assembly, 186

Praying Indians, enslaved, 128, 143, 144;

hired, 293

Privateers, bring prizes to New Amsterdam, 163

Proprietors, of Carolina, grant privilege of selling Indians in West Indies, 134, 174;

jealous of Governor West, 134;

power broken, 135;

forbid enslavement of Indians, 169;

play double game with reference to Indians, 173;

jealous of colonial officials, 174;

oppose Indian slavery, 175;

forbid Governor Moreton to allow exportation of Indians, 175;

oppose dealers in Indians, 177;

recognize usefulness of enslaving Indian captives, 178;

denounce Governor Moore’s Indian policy, 179;

sanction Indian slavery, 309;

caution West against appointing certain deputies, 174

Protection, to owners’ property in Indian slaves, 221, 222

Providence, island, Indians carried to, 124;

town, Indians surrender at, 129

Pueblo, tribe, 31;

missions, 60

Puritans, of Anne Arundel County, refuse to raise military levy, 133;

missionary scheme concerning Indians, 294

Quakers, at peace with Delaware, 115;

control government of Rhode Island, 129;

affect Indian slavery, 305;

противодействие индейскому рабству, 307–308

Quebec, 80;

parish register of, 88

Queen Charlotte Island, slave mart, 45

Quincy, slaves in, 109

Rancherias, practically enslave Indians, 61

Ransom, 44

Rappahannock, court, authorizes enslavement of Indians, 131

Rauch, missionary in New York, 162

Родо, Жак, интендант, разрешает

Indian slavery, 63;

issues ordinance against slaves’ running away, 99

Reaping, occupation of Indian slaves, 37

Renault, sent to Louisiana, 102

Rhode Island, slaves in, 110, 128–130, 187, 236;

limits bondage of Indians to term of years, 150;

general assembly so orders, 151;

sends Indians back to Plymouth, 151;

Indian slaves brought to from South Carolina, 180;

act against importing Indians, 191, 192;

act to prevent abuse of apprenticeship, 199;

sentences Indians to slavery as punishment, 205;

levies import duties on Indians, 235;

votes to enlist Indian slaves, 248;

religious condition of slaves in, 274;

legislation shows Indian slaves unsatisfactory, 292;

indentured Indians in, 295;

prices of Indian slaves in, 299;

abolishes Indian slavery, 316;

legislation concerning Spanish Indians, 319

Ribaut, instructions from Queen of France, 72;

seizes Indians, 72

Rowlandson, Mrs., taken prisoner by Indians, 47

Roxbury, Indian slaves in, 109

Rye, declares Indian slaves taxables, 232

Saguenay, 72, 79

St. Augustine, 30, 107;

expedition against, 119, 120, 135;

Indians captured at, 285

St. Denis, enslaved by Indians, 47

St. George, manor, Indian slaves in, 114

St. Lawrence, river, 36

St. Miguel, 53

St. Peters, Indian slaves in, 271

St. Thomas, parish, 107

Salem, indentured servants in, 295;

Indians slaves in, 298, 299

Salishan, tribe, 33

San Diego, 60

San Domingo, 102

Sandiford, Ralph, opposed to Indian slavery, 306

Sandwich, Indians in, 147;

court sentences Indians to slavery, 203

Sarrow, tribe, sells Indians in Virginia, 186

Sassacus, chief, 123

Sauk, tribe, 32

Savannah, tribe, prey on other tribes, sell captives, 170;

break treaty, 170;

reduced in numbers, 287

Savoile, owns Indian slaves, 77

Sayle, governor of Carolina, 169

Schuyler, Arient, owns Indian slaves, 114, 217

Schuylkill, river, 29

Seabrook, Fort, Indian captives to be sent to, 138

Seneca, tribe, 29;

carry Indian slave boy from South Carolina, 224

Serpent, Nation of the, 75

Sewall, Samuel, intercedes to prevent enslavement of Indians, 204;

admires marriage of whites and Indians, 253;

on sale of Indians, 298;

opposed to Indian slavery, 305

Sharp, Granville, opposed to Indian slavery, 306

Sharpe, pastor in New York, to S. P. G. T. P., 268

Shawnee, tribe, 29;

enslaved, 173

Shekomeka, Indian town in New York, 162

Short, Elizabeth, purchases Indian, 270

Shrimpton, Mr., quarters Indians on Noddle’s Island, 143

Shurt, Abraham, prevents union of Massachusetts and Maine Indians, 160

Smallcomb, Thomas, owns Indian slaves, 119;

sells Indians, 301

Smith, Captain John, 36;

expedition to New England, 158;

William, owns Indian slaves, 114

Snake, tribe, 32

Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, purpose of American missionaries, 265;

allows missionaries to work among slaves, 266;

response to missionaries, 268;

drafts bill to aid conversion of slaves, 268

Sonnagars, tribe, 29

Sonnontuan, tribe, 70

Soto, 31, 37, 49;

lands in Florida, 51;

captures Indians, 52;

a slave owner, 52;

uses Indian slaves as guides, 55;

death, 56

Southampton, hired Indians in, 204

Sowing, employment of Indian slaves, 37

South Carolina, report on, 107;

Indian slaves in, 109, 134–136;

sentences Indians to slavery, 201;

decrees condition of slavery for children of slave mothers, 207;

recognizes Indian slaves as property, 213;

Indian slaves disposed of by will, 217;

act concerning runaway slaves, 221;

esteems slaves as real property, 226;

as taxables, 232;

levies import duties on Indians, 234;

levies export duties on Indians, 240;

permits owners to hire out slaves, 246;

employs slaves in military operations, 247, 248;

rewards Tuscarora for military service by gifts of Indian slaves, 249;

permits slaves to testify, 254;

remunerates owners of executed slaves, 258;

averse to slaves being church members, 269;

directions to traders, 276;

allows Indian slaves to prove right to freedom, 277;

act regulating freedmen, 280;

small-pox destroys Indians, 285;

declares Indian slaves of less value than negroes, 302;

abolishes Indian slavery, 315

South Kingston, slaves in, 110

Southold, Indian apprentices in, 295

Spain, Indians carried to, 51, 125, 126, 158;

rival power, 71

Spanish Indians, in New York, 163;

in New England, 164;

in Pennsylvania, 164;

undesirable, 290

Spanish Main, 48

Spanish Succession, war of, 119, 172

Spiritual welfare of Indians, 59

Spotswood, Governor, to Lord Dartmouth, 198

Sprague, Captain, carries Indian slaves to Spain, 125

Stanton, Captain John, owns Indian slaves, 130

Правовое положение, рабство, подневольное состояние, 212–216

Statutory recognition of slavery, 212

Steevens, missionary of S. P. G. F. P., 183

Stono, tribe, war with, 106, 119;

captives enslaved, 119, 134

Stoughton, Captain, requests Indian slave, 210

Susquehanna, tribe, carry away Indian slaves from New York, 224;

war with Yoamaco, 286

Swamp Fight, captives enslaved, 123

Swanzey, Indian slave in, 145

Taensa, tribe, Chickasaw obtain slaves from, 173

Taiguragui, chief, 71

Talapoosa, tribe, preys on tribes for captives to sell, 171

Talbot, attorney-general of England, decides that baptism does not free slaves, 275

Talcot, Major John, treasurer of Connecticut, 130

Tampa Bay, 51

Tartary, 27

Terre Haute, slavery in, 92

Terrisse, 81

Thacher, Reverend Peter, owns Indian slaves, 251, 298

Thomas, Samuel, to S. P. G. F. P., 266

Thompson, Indians, slavery among, 46

Tiguex, captured by Coronado, 53, 56

Timucua, tribe, enslaved by English, 121

Tisquantum, captured by Captain Hunt, 158

Tlingit, tribe, 33

Tonti, 28, 38;

urges Illinois against Iroquois, 69;

advocates enslavement of Indians, 76;

given Indians, 81

Toungletat, Indian slavery among, 45

Trade, leading employment of French-American colonists, 87;

средства получения индейских рабов, 168–195

Treasurer, of colony, authorized to sell Indians, 139, 140, 148

Treatment, of Indian slaves, 39–42, 55–57, 86–92, 250, 282;

not different from treatment of negroes, 250

Tusayan, tribe, enslave Indians of Payupki, 38

Tuscarora, war, captives enslaved, 121, 122, 133;

cause of, 197;

Indians, runaway, 222

Uncas, chief, exchanges land for Indian slave, 277

United Colonies of New England, authorize enslavement of Indians, 138;

recognize property rights in Indian slaves, 222;

letter to Governor Kieft, 223

Ute, tribe, slavery among, 45, 46

Vancouver Island, Indian slavery on, 45

Verrazano, kidnaps Indians, 71

Vesey, Reverend, on Indian slaves in New York, 114

Vincennes, church records of, 89;

slavery at, 92

Virginia, Indian slaves in, 30, 108, 118, 119, 127, 180, 187, 271, 301;

ассамблея разрешает вывоз и продажу индейцев, 131–132;

act against kidnapping Indians, 166;

early trade with Indians, 185;

policy regarding enslavement of Indians, 185;

act against enslavement of Indian children, 198;

приговаривает индейцев к рабству, 202–203;

act concerning runaway slaves, 221;

рассматривает индейских рабов в качестве налогооблагаемых лиц, 227–230;

levies import duties on, 235, 237;

forbids marriage of free whites and Indian slaves, 252;

decrees child of an Indian to be a mulatto, 254;

forbids slaves to testify in court except at trial of slaves, 255;

provides special courts for trial of slaves, 256;

votes to educate Indian servants, 270;

legally designates slaves in 1670, 270;

repeals act of 1670, 272;

requires registration of slaves, 271;

act concerning manumission of slaves, 278, 279;

regulates actions of freedmen, 280;

decrease in number of Indians, 286;

requires license to hire Indians, 292;

indentured Indians in, 295;

abolishes Indian slavery, 312;

supreme court decision regarding abolition of Indian slavery, 313

Voyageurs, 64

Waineoke, King of, sells Indian to Elizabeth Short, 270, 301

Wakashan, tribe, 33

Waldron, Major, seizes Indians at Cocheco, 147;

issues warrants for seizure of Indians, 161;

indicted for stealing and selling Indians, 161

Wallawalla, river, 33

Wampum, 35, 37

Waniah, tribe, at war with South Carolina, 177

Washington, General George, proposes to enlist slaves, 248

West, Governor, sells Indians as slaves, 119, 134;

removed from office by proprietors, 174;

cautioned by proprietors against appointing certain deputies, 174

West Indies, 78;

Indians carried to, 68, 97, 119, 124, 127, 133–134, 169, 180, 185, 202, 302

West Virginia, slave courts in, 256

Western Company, charter of, 101;

imports negroes into Louisiana, 101

Westo, tribe, sell captives to English, 170;

break treaty, 170;

sell Indians to Carolina planters, 175;

reduced in numbers, 287

Wethersfield, Indian slave in, 300

Wetmore, on opposition of owners to baptism of slaves, 273

Weymouth, kidnaps Indians, 155

Порка как наказание, 262–263

Willard, Lieutenant, agreement of Massachusetts with, 222

Williams, Roger, on Indian slavery, 304;

requests an Indian slave, 310

Winthrop, John, owns an Indian slave, 216;

on number of free Indians, 248;

obtains licenses to employ Indians, 292

Wisconsin, 27, 32, 38, 94

Yamasee, tribe, 30

Yanan, tribe, 33

Yaqui, tribe, enslaved, 54

Yazoo, tribe, enslave Shawnee, 173

Yeamans, Sir John, chosen by proprietors to succeed West as Governor, 174

Yoamaco, tribe, war with Susquehanna, 286

Yorke, solicitor-general of England, decides that baptism does not free slaves, 275

Yuma, tribe, 30

АВТОБИОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ СПРАВКА

Автор этой диссертации, Алмон Уилер Лаубер, родился в Лоренсвилле, округ Сент-Лоуренс, штат Нью-Йорк, 24 марта 1880 года. В 1900 году он окончил Нормальную школу штата Нью-Йорк в Потсдаме, штат Нью-Йорк. В течение 1900–1901 учебного года он был директором школы с несколькими классами в Лоренсвилле, штат Нью-Йорк. В 1905 году он окончил Сиракузский университет со степенью бакалавра философии, а в том же году получил степень магистра философии. В течение трех последующих учебных годов он был преподавателем истории в Джордж-Скул, округ Бакс, штат Пенсильвания. В 1908 году он поступил в Колумбийский университет, где продолжил обучение в аспирантуре. Его основной дисциплиной была американская история, а второстепенными — конституционное право и европейская история. Он посещал курсы по американской истории у профессоров Шепарда, Осгуда и Даннинга; по конституционному праву — у профессора Берджесса; по европейской истории — у профессоров Осгуда, Робинсона и Слоуна. Он состоял в семинарах под руководством профессоров Шепарда, Осгуда и Даннинга.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] In Mexico, a certain community of Indians was named “Esclavos” by the Spaniards, because the Aztec rulers had drawn so largely upon them for slaves. Gage, A New Survey of the West Indies, third edition, ii, p. 414.

[2] Hodge, Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico, Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 30, pt. ii, p. 599.

[3] Ibid.

[4] Fiske, The Discovery of America, i, p. 121; Prescott, History of the Conquest of Mexico, twenty-second edition, i, pp. 35, 41. See also Clavigero, The History of Mexico (translated by Cullen), i, p. 157, ii, p. 154; Prescott, op. cit., i, pp. 63, 68, 147, 155, 168, 285; ii, pp. 82, 137.

[5] See Neill, History of Minnesota, p. 85, for the case of an Indian who wanted to enslave his daughter’s murderer. Brickell, The Natural History of North Carolina, etc., p. 355, tells of Indians enslaving one another for theft until reparation was made.

[6] The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites, xvi, pp. 199, 201. The same custom was followed by the Indians in later periods. See Parker, A Journey Beyond the Rocky Mountains (1835), p. 53.

[7] Jesuit Relations, xv, p. 157.

[8] Margry, Découvertes, etc., i, p. 470; Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society Collections, xxiv, p. 182.

[9] Thwaites, Father Marquette, p. 85. The spelling of the Indian names in this dissertation is that used by Hodge in Handbook of American Indians north of Mexico.

[10] Hennepin, A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites, p. 631.

[11] French, Historical Collections of Louisiana, pt. i, p. 56; Margry, op. cit., i, p. 527.

[12] Shea, Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley, etc., pp. lvi, 32; Thwaites, Father Marquette, p. 81.

[13] Jesuit Relations, lix, p. 309.

[14] Jesuit Relations, lxvii, p. 171. In the south, the term “slave” was used by the Indians, not only in the sense in which it is commonly used, but as applied to dogs, cats, tame and domestic animals, and to captive birds. “So when an Indian tells you that he has a slave for you, it may, in general terms as they use, be a young eagle, a dog, or any other thing of that nature, which is obsequiously to depend upon the master for its substance.” Lawson, The History of North Carolina, containing the exact description and natural history of that country, p. 327.

[15] In 1694, the Illinois informed Tonti that during the preceding seven years they had killed and taken prisoners 334 men and boys and 111 women and girls. Margry, op. cit., iv, p. 5.

[16] Hennepin, A New Discovery, etc., ii, p. 631; Margry, op. cit., ii, p. 98; Jesuit Relations, liv, p. 191; lix, p. 127.

[17] Chappell, A History of the Missouri River, p. 25.

[18] Jesuit Relations, xxx, p. 133.

[19] French, Historical Collections of Louisiana, pt. i, p. 69.

[20] Hazard, Annals of Pennsylvania, p. 7.

[21] Discourse delivered before The New York Historical Association at the anniversary meeting, December 6, 1811, by the Honorable DeWitt Clinton; La Hontan, New Voyages to North America, edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites, ii, p. 504.