«For the Implementation of the Tasks Concerning the Further Revolutionization of Our Schools», by Mehmet Shehu, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1968 (JPRS: 45,432, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 256, 1968.)
«The Great Revolutionary Transformations in the Development of Our Socialist Health on the Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Victory of the People's Revolution and the Establishment of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat», by Ciril Pistoli, in Shendetesia Popullore (People's Health), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 50,345, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs, No. 207, 1970.)
«Immediate Interests Must be Correctly Combined With Long-Term Ones», by Perikli Samsuri, in Bashkimi (Unity), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 49,222, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 221, 1969.)
«Improper Use of Investment Funds», by Andrea Nako, in Bashkimi (Unity), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 46,570, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 38, 1968.)
«The Improvement of Fodder: A Fundamental Condition of the Development of Livestock», by Andrea Shundi and Petrit Disdardi, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1970. (JPRS: 49,941, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 256, 1970.)
«Increased Savings Deposits: An Index of Growing Prosperity», by Ramadan Citaku, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 49,222, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 211, 1969.)
«Labor Productivity in Industry Must be Raised», by Jonuz Drishti, in Ekonomia Popullore (People's Economy), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 46,163, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 21, 1968.)
«Let Us Expand and Perfect Our Labor Force Plans», by Besim Bardhoshi, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 46,940, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 57, 1968.)
«Let Us Further Develop the Struggle for the Mechanization of Work Processes», by Pjeter Kosta, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1969, (JPRS: 48,647, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 166, 1969.)
«Let Us Further Intensify the Participation of the Working Masses in Reinforcing the Savings Regimen», by Aleks Verli, in Rruga e Partise (Party Path), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 48,349, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 143. 1969.)
«Let Us Strengthen the Movement of the Working Class for the Overall Development of the Villages», by Sotir Kamberi, in Rruga e Partise (Party Path), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 45,815, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs, No. 9, 1968.)
«Let Us Take All Necessary Measures to Organize Better the Export of Vegetables and Fruit», by Thechar Fundo, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 45,432, Translations on Eastern Europe, No. 256, 1968.)
«Massive Scientific Experimentation is an Important Factor in the Socialist Transformation of Our Agriculture», by Pirro Dodbiba, in Bashkimi (Unity), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 47,948, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 118, 1969.)
«The Maximum Utilization of Labor Time Demands Regular Material and Technical Supply», by Pjeter Kosta, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1970, (JPRS: 50,112, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 286. 1970.)
«On Fulfillment of the 1969 State Plan and Budget and on Tasks of the 1970 Draft State Plan and Budget», by Abdyl Kellezi, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1970, (JPRS: 50,060, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 264, 1970.)
«On Some of the Problems of Setting Work Norms in Agricultural Cooperatives», by Lefter Peco, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 49,190, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 209, 1969.)
«On the Work of the Party and Mass Organizations and of Economic and State Organs for a Further Increase of Productivity and Strengthening of Proletarian Discipline at Work», by Xhafer Spahiu, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 49,716, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 242, 1969.)
«Powerful Fraternal Aid in the Spirit of Proletarian Internationalism», by Pupo Shyti, in Ekonomia Popullore (People's Economy), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 47,677, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 100, 1969.)
«Problems of Mechanization in Raising Livestock and of Farm Machinery Repair and Maintenance Bases», by Xhelal Shkreta, in Ekonomia Popullore (People's Economy), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 47,677, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 100, 1969.)
«Progress of the Machine Industry» by Tago Adhami, in Ekonomia Popullore (People's Economy), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 46,163, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 21. 1968.)
«Proper Utilization of Work Time: An Important Factor for Fulfilling and Surpassing Planned Tasks», by Hajredin Celiku, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 47,550, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 93, 1969.)
«Protection of Mother and Child Health, the High Expression of Socialist Humanism, Realized by the Party During the 25 Years of People's Power», by Vera Ngjela et al., in Shendetesia Popullore (People's Health), Tirana, 1969 (JPRS: 50,302, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs, No. 204, 1970.)
«The Ratio Between Means of Production and Consumer Goods», by Besim Bardhoshi, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 47,242, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 77, 1969.)
«Rebuilding: One of the Most Important Ways to Modernize Industry», by Harilla Papajorgji, in Rruga e Partise (Party Path), Tirana, 1970. (JPRS: 50,304, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 378, 1970.)
«Relations of Collective Ownership in Agricultural Cooperatives are Improving», by Munir Como, in Rruga e Partise (Party Path), Tirana, 1970. (JPRS: 50,304, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 278, 1970.)
«Rising Labor Productivity: An Economic Law of Socialism», by Zeqir Lika, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1970. (JPRS: 50,201, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 272, 1970.)
«Shortcomings of the Vegetable Supply», by Avni Oktrova, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1968 (JPRS: 46,205, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 22, 1968.)
«Some of the Problems of the Socialist Organization of Labor», by Koco Stefani, in Bashkimi (Unity), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 49,305, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 214, 1969.)
«The Strengthening and Growth of the Various Branches and Sectors: Important Factors in Cooperation Between and the Overall Development of Cooperative Villages», by Baki Karalliu, in Rruga e Partise (Party Path), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 47,134, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 71, 1968.)
«The Struggle to Raise Healthy Children and Reduce the Mortality Rate: A Great Social and Medical Problem», by Sh. Josa, R. Cikuli, and Xh. Basha, in Shendetesia Popullore (People's Health), Tirana, 1969. (JPRS: 50,345, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, No. 207, 1970.)
«Why are Unnecessary Materials Imported?», by Gaslli Vllamasi, in Zeri i Popullit (Voice of the People), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 46,876, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 53, 1968.)
«The Youth Discharged from the Army: A Great Force for the Development of Subsidiary Activities in Our Socialist Villages», by Vasil Premti, in Rruga e Partise (Party Path), Tirana, 1968. (JPRS: 47,134, Translations on Eastern Europe, Economic and Industrial Affairs, No. 71. 1968.)
Vjetari Statistikor i R. P. Sh. Tirana: Republika Popullore e Shqiperise, Drejtoria e Statistikes, 1967-68.
Vokopola, Kemal. «The Albanian Customary Law», Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress, XXV, No. 4, October 1968, 306-315.
——. «Church and State in Albania», Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, II, April 2, 1965, 33-47.
Whitaker, Ian. «Tribal Structure and National Politics in Albania, 1910-1950». Pages 253-293 in A.S.A. Monographs, No. 7: History and Anthropology. London: Tavistock Publications, 1968.
«With a Hand Across Your Lens», Economist, CCXXIV, No. 6,464, July 15, 1967, 210.
World Radio-TV Handbook, 1970. (Ed., J.M. Frost.) (24th ed.) Soliljevej: H.P.J. Meakin, 1970.
Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations, V: Europe. New York: Harper and Row, 1967.
Yearbook on International Communist Affairs, 1968. (Ed., Richard V. Allen.) Standford: Hoover Institution Press, 1969.
Zavalani, T. Histori e Shqipnis, II. London: Poets and Painters Press, 1966.
ДРУГИЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ
"Albanian Drama Under Foreign Influences", Radio Free Europe: Research Departments, 6 мая 1965 г.
"Albania's 1969 Plan Fulfillment and the 1970 Plan", Radio Free Europe Research: Communist Area, 2 марта 1970 г., 1–11.
"Albania's Rapid Economic Growth at the Expense of the Consumer", Radio Free Europe Research: Communist Area, 10 января 1970 г., 1–5.
Capps, Edward. Greece, Albania, and Northern Epirus. Chicago: Arganout, 1963.
Churchill, Winston S. The Second World War: VI: Triumph and Tragedy. Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1953.
Ciano, Galeazzo. The Ciano Diaries, 1939–1943. Garden City: Doubleday, 1946.
Cusack, Dymphna. Illyria Reborn. London: Heinemann, 1966.
Djilas, Milovan. Conversations with Stalin. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1962.
Fjalor i Gjuhes Shqipe. Tirana: Instituti i Shkencavet Sekcioni i Gjuhes e i Letersise, 1954.
Foreign Broadcast Information Service. Broadcasting Stations of the World. Part I: Amplitude Modulation Broadcasting Stations According to Country and City. Washington: GPO, 1 сентября 1969 г.
Frasheri, Kristo. The History of Albania. Tirana: n.pub., 1964.
Gazeta Zyrtare (Тирана), № 6, 29 сентября 1966 г., 151–169.
Instituti i Studimeve Marksiste-Leniniste Prane KQ te PHSH. Historia e Partise se Punes te Shqiperise. Tirana: Shtepia Botonjese "Naim Frasheri," 1968.
Jacomoni de San Savio, Francesco. La Politica dell' Italia in Albania. Rocca San Casciano: Cappelli Editore, 1965.
Kasneci, Lefter. Rruga e Lavdishme e Ushterise Popullore. Tirana: "Naim Frasheri," 1963.
Koliqi, Ernesto. "Albania". Страницы 370–531 в Enciclopedia dei Popoli d'Europa, I. Milan: M. Canfalonieri, 1965.
Kondi, Piro. "To Follow the Experience of Work in Studying the History of the Party", Zeri i Popullit, 3 февраля 1970 г., 2.
Lendvai, Paul. Eagles in Cobwebs—Nationalism and Communism in the Balkans. Garden City: Doubleday, 1969.
Logoreci, Anton. "Politics in Flux; Albania: The Anabaptist of European Communism", Problems of Communism, XVI, № 3, май – июнь 1967 г., 22–28.
1970 World Population Data Sheet. Washington: Population Reference Bureau, 1970.
Omari, Luan; Dode, Petro; and Beqja, Hamit. 20 Vjetori Shqiperi Socialiste. Tirana: N. Sh., Botime "Naim Frasheri," 1964.
"Opposition to the Albanian Cultural Revolution", Radio Free Europe: Research Departments, 22 сентября 1966 г.
Organizatat-Baze te Partise per Revolucionarizimin e Metejshem te Jetes se Vendit. Tirana: Shtepia Botonjese "Naim Frasheri," 1968.
Pacrami, F. "Duke Kaluar nga Diskutimi ne Zbatim per Revolucionarizimin e Metejshem te Shkolles, Rruga e Partise", XVI, № 8, июль 1969 г.
Political Handbook and Atlas of the World: Parliaments, Parties, and Press. (Ed., Walter H. Mallory.) New York: Simon and Schuster, 1968.
The Road to Communism. (Documents of the 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, October 17–31.) Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, n.d.
"Situation Report", Radio Free Europe: Research Departments, 19 апреля 1967 г.
Sphiu, Xh. "Mbi Disa Probleme te Punes se Partise ne Fshat per Ngushtimin e Dallimeve Esenciale Midis Qytetit dhe Fshatit, Midis Zonave Fushore dhe Atyre Malore", Rruga e Partise, XVI, № 8, август 1969 г., 1–20.
"The State of Wall Posters in Albania", Radio Free Europe: Research Departments, 13 апреля 1967 г.
Stickney, Edith Pierpont. Southern Albania or Northern Epirus in European International Affairs, 1912–1923. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1926.
Swire, Joseph. Albania: The Rise of a Kingdom. London: Williams and Norgate, 1929.
Twenty Years of Socialism in Albania. Tirana: Naim Frasheri State Publishing House, 1964.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. World Communications. New York: 1964.
U.S. Congress. 83d, 2d Session. House of Representatives. Communist Takeover and Occupation of Albania. (Special Report No. 13.) Washington: GPO, 1954.
U.S. Department of Commerce. Office of Technical Services. Joint Publications Research Service (Washington). Следующие публикации являются переводами JPRS с иностранных источников:
"The Class Struggle—the Dividing Line between Marxism and Revisionism", Bujar Hoxha, Zeri i Popullit (Голос народа), Тирана, 1968. (JPRS: 45,815, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, № 9, 1968.)
"The Elimination of Backward Customs Requires Continued and Persistent Work", Kol Tollumi, Rruga e Partise (Путь партии), Тирана, 1968. (JPRS: 45,815, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, № 9, 1968.)
"Let Us Strengthen the Movement of the Working Class for the Overall Development of the Villages", Sotir Kamberi, Rruga e Partise (Путь партии), Тирана, 1968. (JPRS: 45,815, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, № 9, 1968.)
"The Problems Raised by Comrade Enver in His Speech 'The Rights and Freedoms of Women Must be Fully Understood and Protected by All' and What Should be Done to Solve Them", Piro Kondi, Rruga e Partise (Путь партии), Тирана, 1970. (JPRS: 50,462, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, № 214, 1970.)
"Remnants of Patriarchalism in the Family and Society: A Serious Hindrance to The Complete Triumph of the Socialist Way of Life", Kol Gjoka и Lluke Pashko, Rruga e Partise (Путь партии), Тирана, 1968. (JPRS: 46,588, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, № 32, 1968.)
"Social and Family Relations: A Broad Field for the Class Struggle", Hysni Kapo, Rruga e Partise (Путь партии), Тирана, 1970. (JPRS: 50,200, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, № 198, 1970.)
"Some Problems of the Academic, Cultural, and Aesthetic Education of Youth", Ismail Hoxha, Nendori (Ноябрь), Тирана, 1967. (JPRS: 43,672, Translations on Eastern Europe, Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs, 1967.)
(Периодическое издание Ekonomia Popullore [Тирана], ноябрь – декабрь 1965 г., использовалось при подготовке данной книги.)
ГЛОССАРИЙ
Албанская партия труда — Коммунистическая партия Албании. Это название было принято Первым съездом партии в 1948 году.
базовая партийная организация — ячейка Албанской партии труда, созданная на государственных предприятиях и в учреждениях, в коллективных или кооперативных хозяйствах и в воинских формированиях. В некоторых коммунистических государствах, например в Советском Союзе, эквивалентом является первичная партийная организация.
бекташи — орден дервишей, ответвление шиитского направления ислама, акцентирующий внимание на отказе от насилия и благотворительности по отношению ко всем людям.
беса — клятва верного выполнения обязательства или обещания. Ранее использовалась для установления перемирия во время столкновений между кланами или конфликтов между отдельными лицами.
бей — глава феодального землевладения или административный чиновник при турках. Стал господствующим классом после провозглашения независимости Албании в 1912 году. Также ранее использовался в качестве уважительного титула.
СЭВ — Совет Экономической Взаимопомощи; члены: Болгария, Венгрия, ГДР, Польша, Советский Союз, Чехословакия и Монголия.
гражданская война — боевые действия с сентября 1943 года по ноябрь 1944 года, в ходе которых партизаны руководимого коммунистами Национально-освободительного фронта воевали с двумя основными антикоммунистическими организациями: Балли Комбетар (Национальный фронт) и Левизья е Легалитерит (Движение за законность).
клан — организация, включавшая несколько семей и обеспечивавшая контроль в соответствии с предписаниями неписаных кодексов. В 1945 году кланы были ликвидированы коммунистическим режимом.
коллективное или кооперативное хозяйство — организация, в которой члены сохраняют лишь личные вещи; все остальное имущество становится общественным достоянием. Продукция от совместных усилий поступает в общий фонд. Члены вознаграждаются на основе внесенных ими трудодней.
Коминформ — Информационное бюро коммунистических партий. Международная организация коммунистических партий, созданная в 1947 году и распущенная в 1956 году.
Демократический фронт — крупнейшая и важнейшая общественная организация, используемая Албанской партией труда для завоевания поддержки масс в достижении ее целей. Его работа включает политические, экономические, социальные и культурные задачи. Он сменил Национально-освободительный фронт в 1945 году.
район — основное административное деление страны. В 1970 году их насчитывалось двадцать шесть.
геги — меньшая (?) [большая] из двух подгрупп албанцев. Населяют территорию к северу от реки Шкумбини. До Второй мировой войны отличались племенной организацией и примитивным образом жизни; также имеют характерные физические особенности.
Косово — автономный край в составе Сербской Республики Югославии. Эта область ранее называлась Косово и Метохия и часто именовалась Космет.
лек — стандартная денежная единица. Не имеет официального международного обменного курса. Номинально оценивался в Тиране из расчета 5 леков за 1 доллар США; туристический курс в начале 1970 года составлял 12,5 лека за 1 доллар США. Девальвирован в августе 1965 года путем обмена 1 нового лека на 10 старых леков.