По этим причинам я не согласен с той частью решения, которая предписывает внесение изменений в судебный запрет. Я считаю, что он должен остаться в форме, в которой он был вынесен нижестоящим судом.
Анджелотти, судья, и Слосс, судья.
Мы согласны с решением. Изменение решения согласуется со взглядами, изложенными в деле Паркинсона. Что касается «пикетирования», то, хотя мы не готовы утверждать, что не может быть действий, подпадающих под этот термин в его общепринятом и понимаемом в трудовых спорах значении, которые являются полностью законными и в отношении которых не должен выноситься судебный запрет, мы полагаем, что в отношении такого «пикетирования», которое описано как в установленных судом фактах, так и в решении по данному делу, взгляды, выраженные в мнении суда, являются правильными. [622]
УКАЗАТЕЛЬ
ABANDONMENT,
of action, if voluntary, equivalent to termination in defendant’s favor, 629.
of action, by way of compromise, not equivalent to termination in defendant’s favor, 629.
ABSTRACTER OF TITLE,
liability to third party injured by mistake or omission, 262 n.
ABUSE OF PROCESS,
malicious, 653.
ACCIDENT,
without negligence, excuses trespass to person, 29, 30, 35, 40.
excuses trespass to personalty, 42.
through negligence, no excuse for a trespass, 29, 30, 35.
ИСК (см. Злонамеренное возбуждение гражданского иска ).
ADVERTISING,
blind, interference with, 838.
ADVICE,
of counsel, probable cause for prosecution of plaintiff, 634.
ADVOCATE,
statements by, when privileged, 697, 709.
ANIMALS,
trespass on land by cattle, 404, 406.
trespass on land by dog, 406 n., 445.
trespass on land by chickens, 406 n.
liability of owner for trespass by cattle driven on highway, 406, 409 n.
statutes as to trespassing animals, 409, 410 n.
common law as to trespassing, how far applicable in U. S., 410, 414 n.
liability where cattle turned on another’s unenclosed lands, 414 n.
liability of owner of unenclosed lands for injury to trespassing cattle, 409, 415.
whether a right of pasturage on unenclosed lands, 415, 419 n.
liability for injuries by wild, 419, 421, 422.
liability for injuries by vicious domestic, 421, 421 n.
classification of animals with respect to liability for injuries by, 423, 427 n.
liability for injuries by bees, 425 n.
what are wild, 424, 425.
injury through fright at sight of wild animal, 427.
interference with wild, bars recovery for injury, 430.
contributory negligence of person injured by, 432 n.
injury by domestic, scienter necessary, 433, 434 n.
injury to trespasser by domestic, 434 n.
vicious dog killed by trespassing dog, 434 n.
what constitutes scienter, 434 n.
liability for injury by vicious, where neither scienter nor negligence, 434, 436 n.
what is dangerous propensity, 437.
injury by horse running at large on highway, 438, 440.
injury to person by trespassing, 441, 448, 451 n.
injury to person by trespassing hen, 450.
injury to person by trespassing animal, normally harmless, 450.
escape of wild or vicious, through vis major, 471.
escape of wild or vicious, through act of third person, 436 n.
injury by vicious, when excited by third person, 436 n.
ARREST (see Malicious Institution of Civil Action),
what is, 19, 20, 21.
ARTICLES OF PEACE,
malicious exhibition of, 626.
ASSAULT,
what is, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10.
what is not, 2, 3, 11.
complete without contact, 1.
aiming unloaded gun, 7, 9 n.
firing revolver in plaintiff’s presence, but not at him, 7 n.
act of preparation for, 2 n.
intention of defendant, 7, 10 n.
present ability to injure, 7, 9 n.
aggravation of, 11.
insulting words, looks, and gestures, no, 11, 11 n., 12 n.
ASSUMPTION OF RISK,
by trespasser, 157, 160.
by licensee, 177, 179.
by servant, 201.
by interference with wild animal, 430.
of another’s negligence, 345, 351 n.
ATTACHMENT,
action lies for maliciously causing, 629 n., 646.
АДВОКАТ / АДВОКАТЫ (см. Адвокаты и советники ).
AUTOMOBILES,
operation of, by unlicensed person, 402 n.
unlicensed, status of in highway, 398, 400 n., 402 n.
BAILEE,
standard of care, 82 n.
BANKRUPTCY,
malicious institution of proceedings in, 644.
imputation of, to a business man, 690.
BATTERY,
what is, 12, 16.
what is not, 12, 13.
hostile touching, 12 n.
touching contra bonos mores, 12 n.
unauthorized surgical operation, 12 n.
defendant must be actor to make, 13.
touching plaintiff to attract his attention, when a, 13.
by striking a horse when driven, 15.
whether indictment for, will support action of malicious prosecution, 624.
injury to clothes on plaintiff’s person, 16 n.
cutting rope connecting plaintiff with his slave, 16 n.
причинение вреда в ходе «дружеской возни», 18 прим.
BEES,
liability of owner of, for injuries, 425 n.
BLASTING,
injuries by, 40 n.
BOYCOTT (see Competition, Malicious Injury to Plaintiff by Influencing Conduct of Another),
secondary, 998, 1004.
for the purpose of strengthening union, 978, 987.
for the purpose of gaining control of labor market, 989 n.
for the purpose of forcing third person to bring pressure on employer, 997.
BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY (see Public Wrong),
how far ground of private action, 510, 512 n., 513, 515, 516.
to repair street or sidewalk, 513 n.
toward third person, 516, 520 n.
liability to trespasser or licensee in case of, 520 n.
BUSINESS,
клевета в отношении кого-либо в связи с его (см. Диффамация ).
CANDIDATE,
discussion of qualifications of, 755.
CARRIER,
may be sued either upon contract or tort, 125, 126 n.
CLERGYMAN,
imputation of misconduct to, 689 n.
not liable for public refusal of communion, 757.
COMBINATION,
whether members of, liable for acts which would be lawful if done by a single individual, 910, 976, 977 n.
COMMENT,
fair, on public matters, not actionable, 726, 769.
aspersion of motives not fair, 766, 775.
false charge of specific acts not fair, 775 n., 785 n., 792.
fair, distinguished from privileged occasion, 760, 779, 795 n.
violent attacks and insulting words not, 786 n.
COMMERCIAL AGENCY,
statements by, when privileged, 739 n.
COMPETITION,
conflict between employers and employed is, 976.
mere rivalry is fair, 936.
puffing is fair, 826.
combination to smash rates is fair, 906.
reducing prices, 913.
sending our rival’s business card in injurious manner, not fair, 831.
bad motive, 913, 918, 923, 939.
inducing servant at will to leave master, whether fair, 873 n.
inducing servant to leave at expiration of term, 872 n.
influencing third person by fraud, not fair, 827, 828 n., 907 (but see 858).
misleading use of one’s own name, 829 n.
influencing third persons by force or threats of physical injury, not fair, 864, 935, 937, 907.
boycotting by threats of pecuniary damage, not fair, 952, 978, 989, 996, 998, 1004.
inducing third person to break contract, not fair, 907, 908.
СОГЛАСИЕ (см. Разрешение и лицензия ).
CONSPIRACY (see Combination),
to defraud creditors, 846.
to suborn witnesses, 710.
to alter provisions of will, 852.
CONTRACT,
causing breach of, a tort, 874, 884, 887, 908.
CONTRIBUTORY NEGLIGENCE (see Public Wrong),
an affirmative defence, 264 n.
must be negatived by plaintiff, 264, 264 n.
a bar to recovery, 263, 266 n., 274.
must be a proximate cause of the injury, 265, 294, 296 n.
doctrine of comparative negligence, 267, 269, 269 n.
apportionment of loss, 269, 273 n.
доктрина последней реальной возможности, 275 , 278 , 279 , 281 , 282 , 283 , 288 , 295 , 296 , 299 , 301 , 302 , 308 , 317 , 320 , 321 , 322 , 324 , 337 .
of child, 327, 328, 329.
humanitarian doctrine, 330.
no bar in case of wilful or intentional injury, 334, 337.
exposure of property to danger from negligence of another, 345, 351 n.
of carrier not imputable to passenger, 352, 368 n.
of driver of vehicle, when imputed, 359, 360 n., 361, 364.
of participant in joint enterprise, 362.
of agent or servant imputed, 362 n.
of husband whether imputed to wife, 362 n.
as between fellow servants, 362 n.
of bailee whether bars bailor, 362 n.
of parent or custodian of child whether imputed to child, 366, 370 n., 370.
of beneficiary under Lord Campbell’s Act whether bar to recovery, 371, 374, 374 n., 377 n.
in case of injury by animals, 432 n.
COUNSEL,
statements by, when privileged, 697, 709 n.
advice of, probable cause for prosecution, 634.
CREDITORS,
сговор во вред (см. Сговор ).
КРИТИКА (см. Комментарий ).
DAMAGE,
whether action for deceit without, 525, 529, 595.
measure of, in action for deceit, 604, 605, 606 n.
caused by repetition of slander by third person too remote, 809.
slander actionable by reason of special, 807, 808, 809, 811.
loss of society of friends and consequent illness not special, 808.
loss of hospitality is special, 810.
loss of performance of gratuitous promise is special, 811.
loss of performance of promise to marry is special, 884 n.
loss of performance of contract where performance reasonably assured is special, 887 n.
malicious but not defamatory words, whether actionable, if special, 812.
no action for slander of title without special, 816.
special, what is, 819 n., 847 n., 856, 859 n., 884 n.
special, not necessary where one passes off his product as another’s, 829 n.
special, not necessary in action for malicious injury to business, 854.
DANGEROUS USE OF LAND,
for reservoir, 452, 482 n.
“non natural use,” 463, 463 n.
what is, 463 n., 466 n.
tank of petroleum, 466 n., 482 n.
stored nitroglycerin, 466 n.
hydraulic mains, 467 n.
customary or statutory authority to make, 467 n.
no liability for, in case of vis major, 468.
no liability in case of interference by third person, 475.
steam boiler, 477.
explosives, 482 n., 498, 502.
doctrine of, considered, 477, 482.
water pipes in building whether, 492.
gas in pipes, 493 n.
allowing land to go to weeds not, 493.
maintaining fire, 496.
fires set by locomotives, 497 n.
DAUGHTER,
no action for marrying one’s, 869 n.
DECEIT,
requisites of action for, 521, 530.
whether action for, without damage, 529, 531, 595, 596 n.
fraudulently procuring wife to refuse to live with husband, 533.
sufficient if false statement one motive of plaintiff’s action, 535, 536 n.
representation of intention, 537, 539, 541 n., 542, 547 n.
purchase on credit with present intention not to pay, 542, 548.
promissory representation, 550.
known impossible prophecy, 551 n.
statement of vendor as to price, 551, 553 n.
statement of opinion, 551, 553, 555.
statement as to value, 553 n.
statement as to value of promissory note, 557.
statement of value, whether opinion or fact, 551, 553, 555, 559, 560 n.
statement as to matter within special knowledge of defendant, 556, 560, 616.
concealment of material fact, 561, 562 n.
statement must be known to be false or made recklessly, 563, 569 n.
statement made recklessly without knowledge of facts, 573 n.
liability for innocent or negligent misrepresentation, 572, 573 n., 574, 576.
statement by fiduciary, 578.
estoppel to deny truth of statement, 580, 582 n.
duty to make representation good, 581.
duty to know whether statement true, 583, 584 n.
statement of belief as if fact, 584.
statement without reasonable ground for belief, 588 n.
reliance on statement where defendant obviously without personal knowledge, 588 n.
not necessary that defendant profit by, 588.
statement expected to be passed on to others, 592, 595 n.
statement not expected to be passed on to others, 595.
procuring plaintiff to incur liability, 597, 598.
procuring plaintiff to refrain from selling property, 599, 601.
whether plaintiff must use diligence to guard against, 606, 607 n., 608, 612 n., 616, 617 n.
execution of instrument without reading, 608 n.
reliance on representation where equal means of knowledge, 608 n., 612.
reliance on friendship, 608 n.
reliance on representation where plaintiff informed of truth by another, 612 n.
reliance on assertion of title, 612 n.
reliance on statement as to boundary, 612 n.
reliance on representation as to quantity of land, 612, 613.
refusal of defendant to put representation in writing, 612 n.
representation as to law, 616 n.
stipulations against liability for, 617.
measure of damage in action for, 604, 605, 606 n.
DEFAMATION,
Publication,
communication to plaintiff alone not a, 657, 659.
communication to plaintiff’s wife, 658.
communication by defamer to his own wife, 658 n.
communication to business partner, 658 n.
communication to plaintiff’s attorney, 659 n.
mailing of post card, whether a, 660 n.
in ignorance of the libel, 660 n.
must be of and concerning plaintiff, 665.
of and concerning plaintiff, what is, 669, 672, 676.
reading letter to third person a, 658.
reading letter by third person a, 659.
Libel,
what is, 679.
defamatory statement that describes two different persons, 671.
defamatory statements partially describing each of two different persons, 672.
words injurious to plaintiff in the eyes of part of the community, 673, 674 n.
use of plaintiff’s name to describe fictitious person, 674.
Slander,
words imputing crime, 661, 682, 683.
words imputing unchastity to a woman, 683, 685.
words disparaging one in his calling, 687, 690, 691.
imputation of misconduct to clergyman, 689 n.
imputation of misconduct to teacher, 689 n.
imputation of drunkenness to officer, 689 n.
imputation of insolvency to tradesman, 690.
imputation of cheating to tradesman, 691 n.
imputation of ignorance to physician, 692.
imputation of misconduct in office of honor not of profit, 693 n.
words imputing a loathsome disease, 694, 695.
imputation of insanity, 694, 695 n.
defamatory words causing special damage, 807, 808, 809, 811.
words to be taken in natural sense, 661.
Justification,
truth a, 695.
belief in truth not, 676, 771 n.
repetition not a, 677.
Absolutely Privileged Occasions,
statements in legislative proceedings, 697 n., 710 n.
in course of acts of state, 697 n.
official statements of administrative officers, 710 n.
statements in judicial proceedings, by judge, 695; by witness, 703, 707;
by counsel, 697, 702 n.
what are judicial proceedings, 702 n., 710 n.
irrelevant statements in judicial proceedings, 696, 703, 707, 709 n.
what statements are irrelevant, 704, 709 n., 710 n.
Conditionally Privileged Occasions,
reports of legislative proceedings, 720.
reports of judicial proceedings, 714.
reports of ex parte judicial proceedings, 716.
reports of quasi judicial proceedings, 729, 729 n.
report of proceedings of church commission, 730 n.
petition or memorial for removal of public officer, 768 n.
fair abstracts of judicial proceedings, 731.
reports of public meetings in general, whether, 727, 728 n.
publication of reports of administrative officers, 729 n.
reports of news by newspapers not, 732.
statements in common interest of maker and receiver, 734, 736 n.
statements by person immediately interested to protect his own interest, 737 n.
statement of suspicions in course of investigation of crime, 736.
statement in course of dispute as to property, 738 n.
solicited statements in interest of receiver, 738.
statement by commercial agency, 739 n.
statement by attorney to client, 740 n.
statement in course of business duty, 740 n.
statement by member of family as to character of suitor, 740 n.
statement as to character of candidate for admission to society, 740 n.
solicited statements as to character of servant, 738.
solicited statements as to credit of tradesman, 739 n.
statements by a fiduciary to his principal, 740 n.
volunteered statements in interest of receiver, when, 740, 746 n., 747, 749.
publication of, in presence of stranger, 750, 753, 754 n.
general publication as to candidate for local office, 754 n.
publication of matter of public interest in the community, 755.
statements in public meetings, 756 n.
published reply to defamatory statements, 756 n.
publication to representative of interested receiver, 763.
publication of, on post card, not justifiable, 754.
publication of, to type-writer, whether justifiable, 758, 761 n.
publication of, to wrong person, by mistake, whether excused, 761 n.
malice destroys immunity in, 761.
Fair Comment,
upon public matters not actionable, 726, 769, 771 n.
what are public matters, 771 n., 795 n.
distinguished from privilege, 770, 779, 795 n.
criticism of published writings when, 772, 775, 782.
aspersion of motives not, 769, 775.
false charges of specific acts, 775 n., 785 n., 792.
violent attacks and insulting statements, not, 786 n.
Malice,
in fact and law, 662.
what is, 749, 771 n.
burden is on plaintiff to show, 790 n.
publication prima facie evidence of, 663.
express, must be proved, if occasion is privileged, 790.
a question of bona fides not of reasonableness, 763.
a question of reasonableness as well as bona fides, 766.
DISPARAGEMENT OF PROPERTY, 815 n.
права на имущество (см. Клевета на титул ).
of goods, 819, 823 n., 861.
DOGS (see Animals),
trespass on land by, 406 n., 445.
DRUNKENNESS,
no excuse for tort, 662 n.
EMPLOYER AND EMPLOYEE (see Master and Servant),
право работодателя «на беспрепятственное поступление рабочей силы», каркас 903 .
inducing breach of contract by employees, 884, 887.
склонение работодателя к увольнению работника на том основании, что он не является членом профсоюза, 939 , 978 (см. Злонамеренное причинение вреда истцу путем воздействия на поведение другого лица ).
boycotting, 950, 952, 978, 988, 989 n., 997, 998, 1004.
picketing, 978 n.
ENTICING,
servant, 864, 868.
НЕЗАКОННОЕ ЛИШЕНИЕ СВОБОДЫ (см. Лишение свободы ).
FENCE,
malicious erection of, 928.
ИСПУГ (см. Психическая или нервная травма ).
ГУМАНИТАРНАЯ ДОКТРИНА (см. Содействующая небрежность ).
IMPRISONMENT (see Arrest),
what is, 18, 20, 21, 21 n., 23, 23 n., 28 n.
contact not necessary, 19, 21, 23.
what is not, 19, 20, 24.
mere words without submission to restraint not an, 19, 20.
partial obstruction not an, 24.
shadowing by detectives, 23 n.
ВМЕНЯЕМАЯ НЕБРЕЖНОСТЬ (см. Содействующая небрежность ).
НЕИЗБЕЖНЫЙ НЕСЧАСТНЫЙ СЛУЧАЙ (см. Несчастный случай ).
INFANT,
liable for torts, 96, 97 n.
negligence of, 88, 88 n., 90, 93, 93 n.
INJUNCTION,
maliciously obtaining, 648 n.
INSANE PERSON,
liable for torts, 29, 29 n., 662 n.
INSULT,
gestures no assault, 11, 11 n., 12 n.
looks no assault, 11, 11 n., 12 n.
words no assault, 11, 11 n., 12 n.
action lies for written or spoken, by statute in Va., 657 n.
insulting statements not fair comment, 786 n.
ЛИЦО, ДОПУЩЕННОЕ НА ОБЪЕКТ (см. Владелец помещений ).
JUDGE,
statements by, absolutely privileged, 695.
JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS,
statements in, absolutely privileged, 695, 697, 703, 707, 709 n.
reports of, conditionally privileged, 714, 716, 720, 731, 761.