The book presents a detailed, firsthand account of daily life in India, focusing on a small mission settlement in the Poona District. Edward F. Elwin describes the miscellaneous experiences of living closely with the people, avoiding abstract generalities in favor of concrete, verified details.
The author explores the pervasive influence of Hinduism, characterizing it as a system deeply steeped in idolatry that lacks a moral code, leaving adherents in doubt and uncertainty. He contrasts this with the profound filial respect sons hold for their mothers, a dominant and touching characteristic of Indian family life.
Several chapters are dedicated to the distinct cultural habits and social structures of the region. Elwin examines Indian hospitality, which is generous yet strictly bound by caste rules; the general unpunctuality that permeates daily business and social engagements; and the extreme poverty and comfortless conditions in which the poorer classes live.
Other sections offer vivid pictures of village occupations, the postal service, indigenous art, native entertainments, and athletic exercises like wrestling. The text also details the physical environment, describing the local wild beasts, insects, and flora.
A significant portion of the work is devoted to mission work and the challenges of converting India. Elwin analyzes the difficulties faced by missionaries, the superficiality of some native conversions, and the friction caused by sectarian divisions. He advocates for transferring responsibilities to native clergy while acknowledging the cultural obstacles that hinder the true indigenization of the Church.
The narrative concludes with reflections on the national character, noting the shallowness of mind and absence of a sense of time, while emphasizing the deep affection and attractive qualities of the people. Throughout, the author argues that true and lasting reform in India can only be achieved through the transformative power of Christianity.
