mill-stones brought from, 406, note 1
парламент запрещает использование валяльных мельниц, 90;
its laws about hired workers, 121;
Acts of, copied by town clerks, 259;
Act for fixing apprentices’ fees in Norwich, 102, note 2;
for deepening Stour, 435;
members of, their election in Lynn, 420, note 1;
in Norwich, 379;
in Shrewsbury, 285
Parr, Sir William, 78
Пастон, Эдмунд, 79-80
Paston, John, 77;
his marriage, 80
Paston, Margery, her marriage, 80
Paston, William, 390, note 1, 391
Paving, grant for, to Liverpool, 32, note 3
Paviours, appointment of, 32, note 3
Payne, Thomas, his trade with Zealand, 291, note 3
Peasant revolt, 213, note 3, 265
Pepperers’ Company of London, founding of, 144, note 2;
законы о защите потребителей от них, 139-140;
replace Jews at King’s exchange, 69, note 1
Percyvale, Sir John, endows school at Macclesfield, 16
Perkins, Robert, 210, note 2
Philip, Archduke, treaty with, 311
Piece-work, disputes about, 88;
in Newcastle and London, 121, note 5
Plate stored in merchants’ houses, 74;
left by grocer of Bristol, 74, note 1;
pawning of, 78
Pledges, capital, of Norwich, 362, 381
Plumpton, Sir William, his marriage, 78, 79, note 2;
joins fraternity of S. Christopher at York, 205, note 1
Plumpton, Lady, joins fraternity of S. Christopher at York, 205, note 1
Плимут, образованный слиянием трех деревень, 219-220;
its incorporation, 220;
church of S. Andrew, 220;
guild merchant, 220.
Poles of Hull, 79, note 2
Pontefract, its council, 278, note 1
Portmen of Ipswich, 223, 250, 252
Portreeve of Canterbury, 283
Portsmouth, its treaty with Southampton, 53, note 4;
control exercised by mayor of Southampton over, 319
Portugal, its trade with Southampton, 291, 294
“Potentiores” of Lynn, 196, note 3, 407-409, 412, 413, 419, 421-424
Preston, distinction between “foreign” and “inn” burgesses, 47;
punishment of mayor for striking burgess, 227, note 2;
government, 275, note 4;
election of chief officers, 276;
school, 14, note 2;
“stallingers”, 48;
style, 231, note, 275, note 4
споры о назначении цен, 139-140
Priests forbidden to keep schools at Bridgenorth, 18
“Probi homines”, 249
Prolocutor of Lynn, 414
“Protection” of industry, 53, 56, 100
“Prud’hommes”, appointment of, 34
Prussia, its trade with Lynn, 404
Q
Queensborough, merchants of, in guild of Coventry, 206, note
Querdling, John, 390
R
Reading, almshouse of poor sisters at, 14, note 2;
guild merchant, 203, note 2;
first use of paper for accounts, 259, note 6
Recorder of Exeter, 168, 171, note;
of Norwich, 387;
Ноттингема, 347-348;
Саутгемптона, 302-303
Redehode, his gifts to the church at Wycombe, 75, note 2
Regrating, 39, 54
Retford, settlement about its tolls, 335, note 2
Revenue of towns, its source, 47
Rhineland, its trade with Lynn, 404;
with Southampton, 289
Rhône, trade of Jacques Cœur on, 81
Rhymes of fifteenth century, their character, 6;
nailed on church door in Coventry, 211
Ricarto, Robert de, town clerk of Bristol, 264, note 1;
his Calendar, 20
Richard I., his charter to Oxford, 278, note 2
Richard II., his charter to Liverpool, 41;
to “the citizens” of Norwich, 371;
guilds formed in his reign, 155, note 1;
his grants to the Emperor, 292, note 1
Richard III., his laws concerning foreigners, 94;
letter to Southampton, 313;
attitude of Nottingham towards, 330
Richard the Writer, of Nottingham, 326
Ripe, marshland common on, held by Lydd, 237
Robert, bishop of Lincoln, translation of his “Rules”, 5
Rochester, Alcock, bishop of, 14
Rolls of towns, 259
Romney, “extravagantes” in, 47;
payment to apprentice at end of service, 120, note 1;
arrest of non-freeman for attending common council, 224, note 2;
church of S. Nicholas, 59, note;
town clerk, 61, 261, 262, note, 263;
fines paid by foreigners, 91, note 1;
jurats, 278, note 1;
common land, 237;
election of Mayor, 59, note
Rose, John, chamberlain of Nottingham, 344, note 2;
mayor, 349
Rother, old bed of, held by Romney, 237
Rotherham, college at, 13
Rowe, Daniel, of Romney, 61
“Rules of S. Robert”, translation of, 5
Russell, John, 79, note 1
Rye, punishment in, for striking mayor, 227, note 2;
seals, 233, note 1;
framing of ordinances, 258, note 3;
proposed union with Tenterden, 262;
burnt, 323
S
лондонские седельники, забастовка подмастерьев у них, 125-126;
их споры с цехами, работавшими на них, 162-165
S. Albans, guild merchant of, 203, note 2
S. Botolph’s, lord of the fair of, his dispute with Lincoln, 244
Salt marsh held by Romney, 237
Saltmarsh, Southampton, 314
Samon, John, 251, note 2
Sandwich, member of Cinque Ports, 428;
архаичное устройство, 430-431;
makes peace with Edward IV., 431;
изменения в его устройстве в середине XV века, 431-432;
конфликт между правящим классом и общиной, 432-434;
royal grant of 1548 to, 435;
крушение народных свобод в XVI веке, 433-436;
common assembly, 225-226, 430;
Black Book and White Book, 258, note 3;
church of S. Clement, 227;
of S. Mary, 75, note 2;
town clerk, 257, note 4, 262, note, 263;
common council, 430, 432-434;
custumal, 257, note 4;
Delf canal, 435;
foreigners in, 91, note 1, 320, 429;
ювелир, нанятый для взвешивания хлеба, 37-38;
guilds, 155;
common horn, 227;
hornblowing, 430;
hospital of S. Thomas, 75;
Italian merchants allowed to buy in, 293;
jurats, 430;
election of mayor, 226-227, 274, 430-434;
non-burgesses fined for attending elections, 431;
grammar school, 16;
wards, 431
Schools, causes of their desertion, 14, note 2;
переход контроля над ними от духовенства к народу, 17-19;
бесплатные классические школы, их основание, 13-17;
их воспитание, 21-22;
влияние, 22-23
first school founded by layman, 16, note 2;
school at Appleby, 14, note 2;
school at Ashburton, 13, note 2;
Banbury, 17;
Bristol, 13, note 2, 20;
Canterbury, 14, note 2;
attached to Clare Hall, Cambridge, 14;
at Coventry, 14, note 2;
Deritend, 13, note 2;
Hull, 14;
Liverpool, 14, note 2;
London, 13, note 2, 14, note 2;
Ludlow, 13, note 2;
Macclesfield, 16;
Manchester, 17;
Nottingham, 19, 348, note 3, 354, note 4;
school at Preston, 14, note 2;
Reading, 14;
Sandwich, 16;
Shrewsbury, 13, note 2;
Stockport, 16;
Stratford, 13, note 2;
Worcester, 13, note 2;
Wotton-under-Edge, 16, note 2
Schoolmasters, Erasmus’s description of, 22, note
Scott, Thomas, founds Rotherham college, 13
Scrope, Sir John, visit of Sir William Plumpton’s daughter to, 78
Sea, keeping of, given to English merchants, 323
Seal of the community distinguished from mayor’s seal, 233, 238;
the common, of Norwich, 390, 391, 392;
of Southampton, 309;
of Winchester, 286
Selling, Prior, appoints master for Canterbury school, 14, note 2
Serles, John, town clerk of Sandwich, 257, note 4
Serjeant of Lynn, his election, 418, note 3;
of Southampton, his election, 309;
rules about his appointment in Worcester and Bridgenorth, 271, note 3
Servants, their duties during harvest, 64;
of country gentry, appointed to offices of importance, 79, note 1
Shaa, Sir Edmund, establishes school at Stockport, 16
Shearers of cloth resist introduction of machinery, 89
Стригали сукна в Лондоне, 123-124;
of Shrewsbury, 126, note
Sheriffs, election of, 275, note 3;
of Norwich, their election, 373;
their tourns, 381
Sherwood Forest, 328
Shillingford, John, mayor of Exeter, 168, 172
Ships, English, sent out to foreign ports, 291;
for protecting Southampton harbour, 298
Shipbuilding in Southampton, 289
Сапожники, защита кожевников от них, 165-166;
protected against cobblers, 166;
quarrels with cordwainers, 166;
of London, their complaint about foreigners, 95, note 1;
забастовки среди их подмастерьев, 124-125
Шрусбери, конституционные изменения в XIV и XV веках, 285-286;
aldermen, 286;
bailiffs, 285;
councils, 285, 286;
disputes with Worcester as to jurisdiction over Severn, 42, note 1;
drapers’ company, 173, note 4, 183-184;
election of Members of Parliament, 285;
foreigners in guild, 49, note 1;
guild of Trinity, 144, note 2, 173, note 4;
mercers, 182, note 1;
shearmen, the festival suppressed, 126, note;
school, 13, note 2;
trade troubles, 324
Shropshire, its wool, 88, note 3
Silver, its exportation forbidden, 69, note 3
Sligo, its trade with Southampton, 289
Smallwood, John, town clerk of Hythe, 263, note 1
Smiths at Coventry, election of keepers among, 118, note 1
Контрабанда в Саутгемптоне, 293-294
Songs, political and satirical, their decline in fifteenth century, 6;
картины городской жизни в нем, 6-12
Soper, William, repairs Water gate, Southampton, &c., 291
Southampton, example of early municipal government, 288;
его ранняя конституция, 305-306;
attempt to make it a free port, 290;
burnt, 295, 299;
вмешательство королевских чиновников в его дела, 296-297;
seized into King’s hands, 298;
heavy charges, 299, 300;
grant to Margaret of Anjou, 300, note 3;
денежные затруднения, 300-304, 313-314;
grant to hold land, 304, note 2;
Richard III.’s letter to, 313;
want of political activity, 318;
внешние влияния, воздействовавшие на него, 320-321;
управление, 305-321;
милостыня, 295-296;
aldermen, 307-309, 312, note;
archers, 297, note 2;
audit house, 310;
bailiffs, 305, 309;
Bargate tower, 310;
inquisition of boundaries in 1254, 314, note 4;
castle, 297, note 3;
common box, 314;
burgesses distinguished from commonalty, 311;
его хартии, 306-310;
common chest, 309, 314;
church of S. Michael, 308;
of Holy Rood, 316;
town clerk, 309;
foreign commerce, 288-292, 294, 320-321;
common, 238, 314;
злоупотребления городской администрации, 294-295;
council, 280, 308, 309;
made into county, 310;
leasing out of customs, 68, 291;
бремя военной дисциплины, 297-300;
twelve discreets, 278, note 1, 308, 309;
споры с больницей св. Юлиана, 314-315;
with abbot of Westminster, 52, note 1;
по поводу Уинчестерской ярмарки, 292-293;
fair, 293;
ферм, 300-305;
foreign settlers, 289, 293, 320;
God’s House Meadow, 314;
guild merchant, 198, note 1, 207, note 3, 305;
exclusive right of melting tin ore given to, 293;
guildhall, 310, 312;
guild rules, 258, note 1;
town gunner, 298;
protection of harbour, 298;
hospital of S. Julian, 295;
домашние промыслы, 288-289;
Italian merchants in, 290, 293;
common lands, 311, 314-317;
settlement of London traders in, 291;
mayor the alderman of the guild, 306, 407, note 2;
his powers, 306;
выборы, 274-275, 306-307, 312-313;
salary, 314;
authority as King’s admiral, 319;
значение, 319-320;
presented at court leet, 318, note;
deposed, 303, note 1;
burgesses allowed to do without, 307;
городские должностные лица, их выборы и обязанности, 308-309;
“out-burgesses”, 47, note 2;
расходы в 1428 году, 303-304;
paviour, 32, note 3;
relief to paupers, 296;
recorder, 302, 303;
доходы в 1428 году, 303-304;
Saltmarsh, 314;
common seal, 309;
контрабанда, 293-294;
made staple of metals, 293;
style, 307, 308;
decree about alien tailors, 294;
treaties with trading towns, 53;
growth of trade, 292-294, 305, note 1;
maintenance of walls, &c., 292, 298-299;
wharf, 294, note 1;
Water gate, 291;
money left for water pipes, 76;
condition of working people in fourteenth century, 295, 296
Southwell, church of, Whitsuntide offerings at, 329
Spain, its trade with Bristol, 73;
with Southampton, 290, 291, 294
Speaker, the common, of Lynn, 414;
of common council of Norwich, 376;
of House of Commons, 376, note 3
Spurriers, guild of, its rules, 147
“Stallingers” in Preston, 48
Stapledon, Bishop, founds Ashburton school and Exeter college, 13, note 2
статуты о регулировании ремесленных гильдий, 148-149;
for protection of drapers’ craftsmen, 87
Steelyard, right of keeping, 27
Stockport, its school, 16
Stour, Act of Parliament for deepening, 435
Stratford, school of guild at, 13, note 2
Стратфорд, лондонские мясники арендуют дома в, 44-45;
meeting of journeymen saddlers at, 126
Streets, improvement in their condition, 32
забастовки подмастерьев, 123-127
Stroud, Flemish workmen settle in valley of, 88
Stuppeneys, the, of Romney, 59, note
Suffolk, Earl of, 387, 392
Sundays, reason for rules about closing on, 148;
shooting practised at Southampton on, 297;
trading forbidden on, 133
Sussex, popular movements in, 429
Саттон, приоратские земли, объединенные с королевскими Саттонами, 219-220
Sye, John, obtains licence to enclose common ground in Nottingham, 348, note 3
Symon, of Lynn, his pledge on behalf of Lübeck merchants, 404
Syre, John, schoolmaster at Canterbury, 14, note 2
Т
портные Ковентри, 208-209;
of Exeter, 172-181, 184;
of Lynn, 151, note 1;
merchant, of London, granted royal charter, 182, note 1;
their charters of 1390 and 1502, 143, note 3;
their right of search transferred to mayor, 149, note 1;
their school, 13, note 2;
забастовка среди их подмастерьев, 126-127;
alien, decree of Southampton in 1407 about, 294
Tames, the, of Fairford, 68
дубильщики, защищенные от сапожников, 165-166;
of Norwich, 105
Taverners, profit allowed to be taken by, 36;
rebellions of, in London, 139
Tawyers of London, their ordinances of 1365, 165
Тентерден, его предполагаемое объединение с Раем, 261-262
Thorney, abbot of, his dispute with Northampton, 52, note
Tilers, regulations for their work, 152
Tilly, mayor of Bristol, 267
Tin ore, exclusive right of melting given to Southampton guild, 293
Tol-booth of Norwich, 362, 389, note 1
Toll, retaliation in taking of, 53, note 1;
at Ipswich, money left for relief from, 76;
at Retford, settled by Nottingham, 335, note 2
“Tollerati” in Canterbury, 47
“Tolleration money” in Canterbury, 47
Totnes, its merchant guild, 33, note 2, 220
Tourns of sheriffs of Norwich, 381
Города, характерное движение XV века в них, 269-270;
их состояние в Средние века, 29-33;
their accounts, use of Roman numerals in, 259;
town-books, 258;
бюргеры и община, 231-236;
copies of Magna Charta bought by, 236;
class inequalities and rivalries, 60;
стирание классовых различий, 80-81;
ancient customs, 230;
копирование и перевод сборников городского права, 257-258;
keeping of deeds, 258, note 2;
системы управления, 223-230, 253-254, 273-281;
иностранцы в них, 90-96;
their relations with guilds, 128-131, 135-138, 140-158, 181-189, 194;
система присяжных, 228-229;
интеллектуальная жизнь, 19-23;
common lands, 234, 237-239;
их традиции древних вольностей, 235-236;
prosperous middle class of, 57;
назначение должностных лиц в них, 249-252;
возвышение олигархии, 240-246, 255-257, 264-265;
ordinances affected by local circumstances, 99, note 2;
партийная борьба, 158-159, 190-191;
ранние привилегии, 50-51;
вопросы о конфликтующих правах в них, 51-52;
свитки, 259-260;
договоры, заключаемые между городами, 52-53;
на восточном побережье, их непреклонная жизнеспособность, 360-361;
Нидерландов, их дух независимости, 360-361.
Trade, mediæval system of, 55;
в сопоставлении с современной теорией, 134-136;
причины ее регулирования, 43-48;
its depression under Henry VIII., 87;
free, 41, 47-56;
manufacturing, its decline in Canterbury, London, and Norwich, 88;
между городами, 53-54;
of Bristol, 73;
of Liverpool, 41;
of Lynn, 404.
См. Сукно, Шерсть
Тред-юнион, современный, его отличие от средневековой ремесленной гильдии, 115-116, 134-136, 159-160
Торговцы, английские, их характер, 82-85;
power to hold citizenship in more than one borough, 49;
суровая школа жизни, 57-59;
положение в городах, 60-62;
способы увеличения богатства, 64-66;
капиталисты и работодатели, 66-67;
lend money to kings, 78;
выгодные браки, 78-80;
their art of organization, 83;
их жалобы на иностранцев, 94-95;
на пригородных производителей, 96-97;
их мошеннические сделки, 137-138;
feeling of common folk against, 138;
their foundation of schools, 16, 17;
переселение за городские границы, 45-46;
иностранные, 39-40, 47-48
Ремесла, обязанные объединяться в гильдии, 155-156;
споры о границах, 165-166;
terms of incorporation, 156;
of London, jurisdiction of, in early fourteenth century, 149, note 2
Treaties between towns, 52-53, 233;
commercial, of Henry VII., 87
Тренод, Ричард, его заслуги перед Плимутом, 219-220
Trent, bridge over, 322, 324;
спор об управлении водными ресурсами, 328-329;
free passage granted to Nottingham, 331
“Triours” of Canterbury, 276
“Trove”, weighing of wool at the, 28
Tuddenham, Sir Thomas, 388, 389, 391, 393, 394
Turks, war against, grant from Richard II. to Emperor for, 292, note 1
Turtle, mayor of Bristol, 267
Tyece, James, of Romney, 61
У
ростовщики, бюргеризация торговцев, 77-78
V
Venice, its trade with Southampton, 288, 290, 291;
ships of, compete with Jacques Cœur for Mediterranean coasting trade, 81;
galleys, 288, 305, note 1
“Vice-comites”, 361, note 3
Торговцы продовольствием, прибыль, разрешенная к получению ими, 35-36;
их богатство, 60-65;
forbidden to hold offices in towns, 62, note 1
Ф
Заработная плата, выплата натурой (по системе трук), 65-66;
disputes about, 88;
fixed by law, 152;
работников и ремесленников в XV веке, 131-133;
of labourer in Norwich before 1340, 101;
of journeyman, 104, note 1;
of town clerk, 262
Wakefield, cloth-makers at, 89
Уолден, обучение детей в, 17-18
Waleys, Nicholas, 390
Wallingford, its trade with Romney, 61
Walloons in Sandwich, 430, note 4
Уолсолл, власть гильдий в, 183-184
Wars of the Roses, action of townsmen in, 331;
their effects on towns, 265;
к бюджету Саутгемптона, 300-304
Wards of Norwich, 376, 380;
of Sandwich, 431;
hereditary owners of, 253;
of Canterbury, 276, 279, note 1
Warden of guilds sworn before mayor, 150
Warwick, guilds and government in, 186
Warwick, Earl of, 302;
Lydd sends men to help, 262;
his relations with Southampton, 299, 302, 303
Wayhill, fair at, 66
Wealth, its unequal distribution among townspeople, 60;
мясников, пивоваров и торговцев продовольствием, 60-65;
средства увеличения, 64-67
Weavers of Bristol, their complaints, 92;
forbidden to employ women, 96, note;
of Leicester, 122, note 1;
Лондона, их привилегии, 141-142;
ссоры с суконщиками-буреллерами, 160-162;
decline of the guild, 162;
of Newcastle, 102, note 2;
of Nottingham, their payment to King for guild, 141, note;
of Winchester, 121, note 5;
of York, their monopoly, 106, note 1;
Flemish, in England, 90-91, 94;
ordinances for, 162
Weigher, the common, 34
Весы, проверяемые и опечатываемые мэром, 27-28;
use of stones for, 28
Wells, its council of twenty-four, 278, note 1
Welles, John, 391
Wendling, abbot of, his disputes with Norwich, 387, note
Westminster, abbot of, his relations with Southampton, 52, note, 53, note 4
Уэтерби, Томас, 389-393
Whittingdon, Richard, his prosperity, 72
Widows, provision for, in Nottingham and London, 80
Wight, Isle of, supplied by Southampton with wool for web, 289
William of Worcester, 20
William-at-the-Mill, 262
Wiltshire, Earl of, seizes carracks of Genoa in Southampton, 302
Winchelsea, its gun-metal, 54, note 1;