«Жизнь в английских городах в пятнадцатом веке. Том 2»

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ

А

Абингдон, деньги, выделенные на мосты в, 75-6;

Guild of Holy Cross, 215;

supplies Southampton with bends of elms for ploughs, 289

Accounts of towns, adornment of, 260;

change in manner of keeping and auditing in Lynn, 411;

of Norwich, 370, note 4;

royal, auditing and signing of, 15, note 1

Admiral of the Fleet, 323

Admiralty, courts of, 319, note 2

Adventurers, merchant, Guild of, 112;

результаты их монополии на торговлю сукном, 91-92

Agriculture, law for protection of, 99

“Alablaster man” of Nottingham, 54, 326

Alberti, Society of, 290

Alcock, Bishop of Rochester, 14

Aldermen in Canterbury, 156, 276, 279, note;

Gloucester, 287;

Lincoln, 279, note;

London, 279, 375, note 2;

Lynn, 421, 422;

Norwich, 362, note 2, 380;

Nottingham, 309, 339, 340;

Oxford, 245, note 2, 278, note 2;

Shrewsbury, 286;

Southampton, 307-309, 312, note

Andernach, mill-stones brought from, 406, note 1

Andover, dispute between great people and community in, 245, note 4;

common lands, 237;

leet jury, 229;

merchant guild, 193, note 1, 198, note 1, 199

Anne of Bohemia, Nottingham given to, 330

Appleby, its school, 14, note 2

Apprentices, their duty during harvest, 64;

бегство из города и превращение в свободных торговцев в пригородах, 96-97;

regulations concerning, 99, note 2, 102-104, 108, 120, 212, note 1

Artizans, guilds of, 112;

подчинение городским властям, 151-152;

question as to their admission to guild merchant, 192-193, 199

Ashburton, its school, 13, note 2

Ascham, his rebuke of noblemen’s sons, 23

Assembly, the common, 226, 247-249;

of Hereford, 225;

of Sandwich, 225-227, 430;

select committee of, 353;

of Norwich, 365, 371-372, 377-379;

its Rolls, 370;

of Nottingham, 341, 347-348, 352-353

Assize of beer, 35;

of bread, 35;

of wine, 35;

of breadth of cloth, 67, note 2

Atwill, John, mayor of Exeter, 180

Atwood, Thomas, town clerk of Canterbury, 263, note 2

Atwood, William, one of counsel of Canterbury, 263, note 2

Эйлсбери, обвинение против мельника из, 31-32

Б

Babington, Sir John, 329, note 1

Bablake, church at, 203, note 3;

payment of its warden and priests, 206

Bablake Gate, Coventry, 207

Bachelors, fellowship of the, among Exeter tailors, 172

“Bachery, Le”, Guild of, in Norwich, 389, 392

Bailiffs, modes of election of, 275, note 3, 276;

of Canterbury, 227, note 2, 276, 283-284;

Ипсвича, 223-224;

of Lincoln, 250;

of leets in Norwich, 361-364, 373;

of Shrewsbury, 285;

of Southampton, 305, 309;

of Winchester, 286;

of Yarmouth, 434

Bakers of Canterbury, 46;

of Exeter, their ordinances, 179;

of London, withdraw outside boundaries, 45;

punishment of fraudulent servants among, 117, note 2;

their right of search transferred to mayor, 149, note 1

Ball, John, 211

Baltic, trade with Southampton, 289

Banbury, its school, 17

Bardi, Society of, rent part of tenement in Southampton, 290

Bargate Tower, Southampton, 310

Barge, the town, of Lynn, 410

Barnstaple, use of seal of commonalty in, 233, note 1

Bartholomew of Baddlesmere, custos of Bristol, 267

Bartone, Brother William, his connexion with strike of shoemakers’ journeymen in London, 125

Bate, Andrew, 60

Bate (brother of Andrew), town clerk of Lydd, 60

Bath, merchants become Knights of the, 79

Bayonne, swearing-in of citizens at, 230, note 1

Beam, right of keeping, 27

Beaufort, Cardinal, 292

Beer, sent from Kent to Flanders, 89

Bell, the common, 226;

made for Ely Cathedral, 54;

metal for, got from Lincolnshire, 54, note 1

Bell foundry at Nottingham, 326

Bellman of Guild of S. George in Norwich, 384

Benedict, son of Aaron, his mayoralty in Southampton, 307

Завещания в пользу городских корпораций, 75-76

Berford, Simon de, 400

Berkeley, Lady, founder of first lay school, 16, note 2

Berkeley, Sir Maurice, 79, note 2

Berne, North, its trade with Lynn, 404

Berwick-on-Tweed, interest of its burghers in municipal affairs, 234, note 3

Beverley, weavers excluded from franchise in, 142;

aldermen of trades assent to governors’ ordinances in, 185, note 2

Bingham, William, founds school, 14, note 2

Бирмингем, его Гильдия Святого Креста, 213-214;

land and rights of common, 237;

members of Corpus Christi Guild, Coventry, at, 206, note;

town hall, 213

Biscay, its trade with Southampton, 289, 291, note 3

Black Sea, trade of Southampton with, 291

Blackburn, Nicholas, Admiral of Fleet, 323

Blackheath, Nottingham men sent to help King at, 334

“Blackleg” labour, London saddlers accused of encouraging, 163;

law in London against, 165

Bonet, Richard, 124

Книги правил хорошего тона (Books of Courtesy), 3-10;

of towns, 258;

of Dartmouth and Wycombe, their binding, 230, note 2;

Black Book of Hythe, 230, 257, note 4;

of Sandwich, 258, note 3;

Doomsday, of Dorchester, 258;

Red, of Nottingham, 334, 337, 355-356;

White, of Norwich, 258, note 3;

of Sandwich, 258

Буз, Ричард, из Эйлсбери, 31-32

Bordeaux, effect of its loss on Bristol trade, 91

Боро, результаты их внешних связей, 1-2;

independence, 2, 3;

их жизнь в пятнадцатом веке в описании песен, 6-12;

results of extension of Statute of Mortmain to, 215;

disputes about property in, 238.

См. Города

Bosworth, battle of, 330

Bowyers of London, 119

Box, the common, of Southampton, 314

Bramston, Roger, mayor of Wycombe, 260, note 4

“Brasylle, the Island of”, Bristol ships sent in search of, 73

Bread, assize of, 35

Bredon, Friar John, agitator in Coventry, 125, note

Brewers, Piers Ploughman’s picture of, 38;

их раннее богатство, 60-63;

forbidden to hold offices in towns, 62, note 1;

of Kent, 89;

of Nottingham, 38

Мосты в Абингдоне, 75-76;

kept in repair by Guild of Holy Cross at Birmingham, 213;

of Nottingham, 322, 324, 341

Bridgenorth, priests forbidden to keep school at, 18;

no burgess to be made serjeant, 271, note 3;

chief officers elected by special jury, 275;

its “Great Court” of Twenty-four, 275, note 4

Bridgewater, its guild merchant, 214;

Guild of S. Mary or Holy Cross, 214, 215;

town clerk, 261

Bridport, its suburban manufacturers, 97;

use of paper for accounts, 259;

twelve jurors, 278, note 1

Bright Waltham, manor of, communal organization of its villein tenants, 232, note

Bristol, its Guild of Kalendars, 13, note 2;

rivalry with Gloucester, 42;

school, 13, note 2, 20;

treaty with Southampton, 53;

trade, 73;

sends ships on voyages of discovery, 73;

fine merchants’ houses, 74;

plate left by grocer of, 74, note 1;

упадок его торговли шерстью, 91-92;

complaint of weavers against employment of foreigners, 92;

law against employment of women at loom, 96, note;

decay of wealth, 104, note 3;

coruesers, 119, note;

guilds ordered to keep the peace, 153;

robes of officers, 257, note 3;

спор о пошлинах, 266-267;

taken into King’s hand, 267;

appointment of custos, 267;

Council of Forty-eight, 268;

Council of Forty, 268, 278, note 2;

charters, 268;

влиятельные семьи, 267-268;

troubles from neighbouring lords, 328;

guildhall, 37;

guild merchant, 198, note 1;

мэр, его надзор за ремеслами, 37-38;

feeling of burghers for mayor, 228;

merchants, in Corpus Christi Guild at Coventry, 206, note;

town clerk, 20, 264, note 1;

coroner, 267

Brittany, its trade with Bristol, 73;

with Southampton, 289

Brodhull, Court of, 428, 433

Brokers, their duties and payment, 34

Bromsgrove, its decay, caused by growth of free-traders, 97, note 3

Brown, Thomas, Bishop of Norwich, 392

Bruges, mayor of Lynn sent as ambassador to, 422

Bull-baiting, attendance of municipal officers at, 256

Бюреллеры (Burellers) Лондона, их спор с ткачами, 161-162;

of Winchester, contribution made to ferm by, 154, note 1

Burgesses, their monopoly of trade, 40;

раннее значение этого слова, 231-232;

“inn” and “foreign” in Preston, 47;

of Nottingham, fined for not attending meetings, 336;

act with commonalty, 355, note 3;

the “out”, of Southampton, 47, note 2;

см. Граждане

Бюргеры пятнадцатого века, их забота о манерах, 9-10;

амбиции и любовь к учености, 11-13;

общественная щедрость, 74-77;

превращение в ростовщиков и ростовщиков-кредиторов, 77-78;

союз с гильдиями против олигархии, 167-168,

184;

их теория о мэре, 227-228;

традиции древних вольностей, 235-236;

buy copies of Magna Charta, 236;

наказания за выступления против городских советников, 256-257;

см. Граждане

Burgundy, settlers from, in Southampton, 289

Butchers, forbidden to kill within towns, 32, note 2;

Лондона, жалоба корпорации на них, 44-45

Butchers’ House, Nottingham, 324

Butt, Thomas, M.P. for Norwich, 400

C

Cabot, his voyage of discovery, 73

Cade, Jack, 334

Calendar of Ricart of Bristol, 20

Calle, Richard, marries Margery Paston, 80

Cambridge, school attached to Clare Hall at, 14, note 2;

trade with Rowe of Romney, 61

Candlemakers of London, 45

Candles, “Paris”, made at Southampton, 289

Canterbury, its aldermanries, 283;

aldermen made heads of guilds, 156, 276, 279, note;

bailiffs, 227, note 2, 276, 283-284;

bakers, 46;

charter, 284;

cloth trade, 158;

цеховые гильдии, 155-157;

councils, 278, note 2, 283-284;

беспорядки, вызванные Кромпом, 62-63;

freedom granted to Lynn merchants, 49, note 2;

friars, 125, note;

law about inns, 33, note 1;

“Intrantes”, 47;

jubilee of 1420, 43;

manufacturing trade, its decline, 88;

mayor, 284;

ordinances of 1474, 284;

portreeve, 283;

grammar school, 14, note 2;

“Tollerati”, 47;

уход торговцев за пределы вольностей, 45-46;

town clerk, 263, note 2;

triours, 276;

wards, hereditary ownership of, 276, 279, note 1

Cap-makers resist introduction of fulling mills, 90

Carlisle, extension of its liberties, 40, note 2;

its council, 185;

merchant guild, 185

Carpenters, rule made by guild of, 147

Carracks of Genoa, 302, 305, note 1

Carriers, their introduction into England, 28

Carrow, Prioress of, her disputes with Norwich, 387, note

Castle of Nottingham, 323;

of Southampton, 297, note 3;

constable of, survival of his authority, 297

Catalonia, ships of, compete with Jacques Cœur for Mediterranean coasting trade, 81

Caxton, William, 21

Какстон, Томас, 261-263

Chandlers of Norwich, 140

Charles VII. (of France) borrows from Jacques Cœur, 82

Хартии, привилегии, дарованные городам ранними хартиями, 50-51;

противоречащие друг другу права, дарованные двумя хартиями, 51-52;

of incorporation given under Henry VI., 269;

of Bristol, 268;

Canterbury, 284;

Colchester, 282;

Exeter, 180;

Gloucester, 194, note 1;

Leicester, 25, note 1, 258, note 1;

Liverpool, 41;

London, 53, note 1;

Lynn, 421;

Nottingham, 330, 332-334, 339;

Norwich, 371-373, 379, 380, 395;

Oxford, 278, note 2;

Саутгемптона, 306-310;

of cordwainers at Exeter, 179;

of girdlers of London, 143, note 2;

to guild merchant of Lynn, 403, note, 404, 405, note 5, 407;

to craft guilds, 141, 143, note 3;

commons petition for their withdrawal, 182, note 1;

registration of, ordered by law, 150, note 2;

портных Эксетера, 173-174, 179-180;

of merchant tailors of London, 143, note 3, 182, note 1;

of Fraternity of B. Trinity at Shrewsbury, 173, note 4

Chaucer, his place in estimation of fifteenth-century scholars, 21

Cheese, manufacture of, at Southampton, 289

Chest, the common, of Southampton, 309, 314

Chester, lands of community at, 237;

two councils, 278, note 2;

inhabitants forbidden to leave, 299, note 4;

mayor pays schoolmaster of Farneworth, 19, note 3

Chesterfield, its guild merchant, 203, note 1

Дети упражняются в стрельбе в Саутгемптоне, 297-298;

of countrymen not to be apprenticed to crafts, 99, note 1

Chipping Camden, merchant’s brass in church of, 73

Churchyards in fifteenth century, 31, note 1

Cider made at Southampton, 289

Cinque Ports, rights claimed by merchants of, 52, note;

their treaty with Southampton, 53;

pay for copying of Magna Charta, 259, note 2;

jurats of, 278, note 1;

tradition of independence, 429;

source of strength of government in, 433;

резолюция Бродхулла 1526 года о выборах в, 433-434

Cirencester, cloth manufacture at, 68

Citizens, loss of freedom by, for helping “foreign” merchants, 39;

distinguished from community or commonalty, 231-235, 311, 334-336;

of Norwich, 366, 367, 368, 370, 373, 376, 399-401;

“denizen” and “foreign”, of Worcester, 39, 40;

the swearing-in of, at Bayonne, 230, note 1.

См. Бюргеры

Clergy, their admission to guild merchant, 193

Клерк, общий или городской, его положение и обязанности, 257-264;

of Bridgewater, 261;

of Bristol, 20, 264, note 1;

of Canterbury, 263, note 2;

of Hythe, 263, note 1;

of Lydd, 60, 262;

of Lynn, 414, 415;

of Nottingham, 19-20, 263, 337;

of Romney, 61;

of Sandwich, 257, note 4, 262, note, 263;

of Southampton, 309;

of Winchester, 261;

of Worcester, 259, note 6;

of York, 261, note 1, 263

Clifton church, cross of, repaired by Nottingham goldsmith, 54, 326

Сукно, подрядчики по сукну, их рост

and wealth, 65;

производство сукна вытесняет торговлю шерстью, 98-99;

in Yorkshire, 89;

shearers of, resist introduction of machinery, 89;

trade in, law passed in Canterbury to improve, 158;

supervision of, in Norwich, 149, note 1, 385;

Irish, 289

Clothiers, admitted to rank of “gentleman”, 68;

one in Manchester founds a school, 17

“Clothing”, the, qualifications for member of, 62;

its composition, 252;

at Exeter, 181;

at Nottingham, 341, 352-353, 355, 356, note 1, 357

Coal-mines, profits made by Nottingham from, 325

Cobblers, their quarrels with cordwainers, 166

Кер, Жак (Cœur, Jacques), 81-82

Coin, clipping of, learned from Lombards, 67

Cok, Richard, mayor of Sandwich, 431, 432

Колчестер, выборы Двадцатью четырьмя в, 169-170;

land owned by, 238;

number of men assessed for moveables in 1301, 250, note 2;

population in 1377, 250;

mode of election of officers, 276, 282;

charter, 282;

two councils, 278, note 2, 282;

moot hall, 278;

ordinances, 278;

fining of late or absent members, 278, 283

Colle, Henry, of Hythe, 246, note 2

College at Exeter, its foundation, 13, note 2;

at Rotherham, 13

Commons, their petition to Henry VII. about measures, 27, note 3;

petition to have guild charters withdrawn, 182, note 1

«Простолюдины», «бедняки», их взгляды на доходы купцов, 70-71;

Эксетера, их спор с правящим классом, 170-172

Commonalty, distinguished from citizens or burgesses, 231-235, 311, 334-336;

their interest in matters touching common lands, 234;

отсутствие гарантий свободы, 247-249;

exclusion from town administration, 249;

brought into council chamber in fifteenth century, 270;

its seal, 233, note 1;

of Norwich, 366-373, 376, 377, 399.

См. Община

Communes of France, 321

Community of the town, reasons for entering, 55;

ее услуги гильдиям, 157-158;

привилегии ранней общины, 232-233;

владение ею землей, 237-239;

of Lynn, admission of non-burgesses to, 409;

Ноттингема, их права, 338-343;

election of special juries by, 341.

См. Община

Conesford Ward, Norwich, 376, note 2

Constable of Dover, 302, 303;

of castle, survival of his authority in Southampton, 297

Constabularies in Lynn, 279, note, 415, note 2, 421

Cooks, regulations for, 36

Cordwainers (shoemakers), their quarrels with cobblers, 166;

guild of, at Exeter, 119, note, 179

Corn, encouragement of carriage of, 42, note 2

Coruesers of Bristol, 119, note

Cornhill, S. Peter’s, dispute about presentation to, 276, note 2

Coroners of Bristol, 267;

of Ipswich, their election and duties in 1200, 223

Corporation chapel of S. Michael’s, Southampton, 308

Cossal, notice of transfer of coal-mine in, 325, note 5

Cotswolds, wool of, 88, note 3

Councils of towns, their alliances with guilds, 108;

различные дела общины, 254-255;

их разнообразие, 272-274, 277-279;

возможные причины, влияющие на их характер, 279-281;

верхняя община, результат назначения ее членов мировыми судьями, 254-255;

of Bristol, 268, 278, note 2;

of Canterbury, 278, note 2, 283, 284;

Carlisle, 185;

Chester, 278, note 2;

Colchester, 278, 282;

Coventry, 185, 205, 353, 354;

Exeter, 170, 172, 180;

Gloucester, 287, 354;

Ipswich, 278, note 2;

Leicester, 287, 354;

Liverpool, 278, note 2;

London, 375, note 2;

Lynn, 402, 413, 419-422, 424, 425;

Norwich, 170, 278, note 2, 363-365, 376, 377, 395, 419;

Nottingham, 336, 337-340, 355, 357;

Oxford, 278, note 2;

Pontefract, 278;

Sandwich, 430, 432-434;

Shrewsbury, 285, 286;

Southampton, 280, 308, 309;

Wells, 278, note 1;

Worcester, 278, note 2;

of Eight among Exeter tailors, 173;

of Fifteen ordered by provisions of Oxford, 253;

Privy, writ sent to Nottingham by, 278, note 1;

people of Norwich summoned before, 391

Councillors in early town government, 228;

of Nottingham, 339-341, 355;

town, various methods of electing, 277

Сельские жители, их различные трудности, 98-99;

городские работодатели заключают подряды на работу с ними, 105-106;

policy concerning employment of, in Norwich and Worcester, 106

Courts of Admiralty, 319, note 2;

of aldermen, at Norwich, 362, note 2;

of arbitration, their importance to craft guilds, 114, note 1;

of Brodhull, 428, 433;

consistory, clerks of, forbidden to be mayors, 171;

the great, of Bridgenorth, 275, note 4;

of King’s Bench, 238;

the Pye-powder, statute of 1477 about, 393, note 2.

См. Судебный округ (Leet)

Coventry, grammar school at, 14, note 2;

attempts free trade, 53, note 4;

laws about apprentices in, 99, note 2, 102, note 1;

Bablake gate, 207;

Drapery hall, 207;

wages of journeymen, 104, note 1;

election of keepers among the smiths at, 118, note 1;

the White Friars in, 125, note;

obtains right to have no guild, 144, note 1;

rules about punishment among guilds in 1518, 151, note 2;

complaint against craftsmen who would not contribute to pageants, 154, note 2;

drapers and mercers, 183, 204, note;

election of officials, 205, 207, note 2;

craftsmen who held office, 207, note 4;

guild of S. Catherine, 203;

of Corpus Christi, 204, 206, note;

of S. George, 208;

of S. John Baptist, 203;

merchant, 193, note 1, 203-204;

of Trinity, 14, note 2, 19, note 3, 203-213;

union of guilds, 203;

попытки создания цеховых гильдий в, 208-209;

rhymes nailed by commons on church door, 211;

dyers in, 207, note 4, 208, 210, note 2;

regulations for crafts made at leet court, 212, note 1;

apprentices’ fines, 212;

ferm, 206, 216;

land of community, 238;

petitions to have aldermen of wards, 279, note;

procedure in leet, 345, note 3;

общий совет, 353-354;

земля королевы Изабеллы, 202-204;

mayor, 205, 207, note 2;

town hall called S. Mary’s Guild, 203

Cowes, control of mayor of Southampton over, 319

Crafts, their anxiety to protect industry, 100;

attitude towards countrymen, 99, note 1, 100-101;

journeymen of, their combinations for self-protection, 101.

См. Гильдии

Кромп, пивовар в Кентербери, 62-63

Кулхэм-Форд, мост через, 75-76

Таможенные пошлины Бристоля, спор о них, 266-267;

of Southampton, leasing out of, 68, 291

“Customs” of Norwich, 364

Кутюмы (обычные своды законов) городов, копирование и перевод, 257-258

D

Dacia, its trade with Lynn, 404

Dartmouth, binding of its corporation books, 230, note 2

Dean, Forest of, its rovers, 42, note 1

“Decennaries”, appointment of, 34

Delf (canal), 435

Dengemarsh, 60, 237

Denmark, its trade with Bristol, 73;

settlers from, in Southampton, 289

Dereham, work done for Norwich dealers at, 105, note 2

Deritend, school of guild at, 13, note 2

Devonshire, Flemish weavers in, 94

“Discreets” of Southampton, 308, 309

Dogget Rolls of Ipswich, 259

Doncaster, S. George’s Church at, merchants’ marks in, 71, note 3

Doomsday Book, extracts made by town clerks from, 259;

of towns, 258

Dorchester, its Doomsday Book, 258, note 3

Dorset, Marquis of, 206, note

Dover, constable of, 302, 303;

central government of Cinque Ports at, 428;

hornblowing, 430, note 2;

election of jurats, 434, note 2

Drapers admitted to rank of “gentleman”, 68;

of Coventry, 183, 204, note;

of Shrewsbury, their school, 13, note 2;

their guild, 144, note 2, 173, note 4

Drapers’ house, Nottingham, 325

Drapery hall, Coventry, 207

Drogheda, merchants of, in guild at Coventry, 206, note;

its trade with Southampton, 289

Droitwich, cause of its decay, 97, note 3

Dublin, merchants of, in guild at Coventry, 206, note

Dye, scarlet, English cloth sent to Italy for, 326

Dyeing, at Nottingham, 326

Dyers in Coventry, 207, note 4, 208-210

Е

Изингволд, городской клерк Ноттингема, 263-264

Edmund Crouchback, his charter to Leicester, 25, note 1, 258, note 1;

Образование в пятнадцатом веке, 12-23;

Edward I. summons councils to get money for Welsh war, 332;

his charter to Nottingham, 334

Edward II., his grants to Nottingham, 333

Edward III. fixes price of wine of Gascony, 139;

his charter to girdlers of London, 143, note 2;

grants bridge over Trent to townspeople of Nottingham, 324;

demands soldiers from Norwich, 366

Эдуард IV, его хартии портным Эксетера, 173-174;

to Fraternity of Trinity at Shrewsbury, 173, note 4;

решение по спорам в Эксетере, 176-177, 179-180;

his patent to York about election of mayor, 186;

appeal of Plymouth guild merchant to, 220;

Lydd sends men to his help, 263;

his charter to Colchester, 282;

reduces ferm of Nottingham, 328;

renews its charter, 330;

gives election of common council of London to trading companies, 375, note 2;

peace made by Sandwich with, 431

Elizabeth Woodville, coronation of, 79, note 2;

Nottingham granted to, 330, note 1;

confirms its charter, 339, note 2

Ely, its cathedral bells, 54

Elys, Thomas, his benefactions to Sandwich, 16, 75

Employers, illicit industry carried on by, 88;

settlement in country districts, 88;

их отношение к иностранцам, 92-94;

к сельским жителям, 100-101;

foster “uncovenanted” labour, 102;

in Norwich, responsible for their servants, 101, note 2;

городов, контракт с сельскими жителями на работу, 105-106

Engrossing, 39

Erasmus, his estimate of schoolmasters, 22, note

Erith, clay got from, 54

Evesham, cause of its decay, 97, note 3

Ewelme almshouse, 14, note 2

Exchange, dry, denounced by Church and people, 69

Exchange, the King’s, Jews replaced by members of Pepperers’ Company at, 69, note 1

Exeter, ordinances granted to bakers, 179;

“the clothing”, 181;

college, 13, note 2;

состояние при Шиллингфорде, 168-169;

спор между простолюдинами и правящим классом, 170-172;

official, its Lancastrian sympathies, 173;

Henry VII.’s charter to, 180;

common council, 170, note 2, 172, 180;

cordwainers’ guild, 119, note, 179;

hospital, 75;

mayor, election of, 169-171, 180;

sworn on Black Book, 230, note 1;

his fellowship, 168, 172;

recorder, 168, 171, note;

style, 180;

tailors’ guild, 172-181, 184;

двенадцать человек, 169-170;

twenty-four, 170, 172;

thirty-six, 171

Exeter, Hugh Oldham, Bishop of, 17

“Extravagantes” in Romney, 47

Ф

Fairs, their origin, history, and decline, 25;

grants of, 26;

of Leicester, 25, note 1;

of Lenton, 348, note 3;

of Southampton, 293;

of Wayhill, 66;

of Winchester, 66, 292;

of Wycombe, 25, note 2

Fairford, Henry VIII. at, 68

Fallande, Richard, his tablet in Hospital Hall, Abingdon, 76, note 1

Farneworth, payment of schoolmaster at, 19, note 3

Шорники, правило, установленное гильдией шорников, 146-147

Fastolf, Sir John, 79, note 2

Fastolf, Richard, 79, note 2

Ferm of Coventry, payment of, 206;

in arrears, 216;

of Nottingham reduced by Edward IV., 328, 330;

its amount, 332;

of Southampton, amount of, 300;

part settled on successive queens, 300;

in arrears, 300, note 2, 301-302;

arrear remitted, 303, note 1;

difficulties in raising, 304;

reduced, 305, note 1;

of Winchester, contribution of burellers to, 154, note 1

“Fermour of the Beme”, 28

Festivals, enforced contributions to, 154, note 2;

attendance of municipal officers at, 256

Fishmongers, regulations for, 36;

of London, plate pawned to one, 78

Flanders, its manners and wealth in fifteenth century, 5;

beer sent from Kent to, 89;

ткачи из Фландрии в Англии, 90-91;

settlers from, in valley of Stroud, 88;

in Southampton, 289;

trade with Southampton, 288, 291, 294

Florence, the Bardi and Alberti Societies of, 290

Food, regulations of its price, 35-37, 43

Fordwich, its Kalendar, 258, note 3

Иностранцы, их положение в городах, 90-96;

in Norwich, 320;

fine paid by, in Romney, 91, note 1;

tax on, in Sandwich, 91, 320, 429;

in Southampton, 289, 293, 320

Forest laws and officers, exemption of Nottingham from, 328

Forestalling, 39, 50, 54;

at Nottingham, 50, note 1

Fork, first mention of, in England, 74, note 1

France, its wine trade with Bristol, 73;

appointment of guild officer in, 130;

settlers from, in English towns, 320;

communes of, 321

Franchise in Lynn, settlers not obliged to take up, 408.

См. Свобода

Franchises of Norwich forfeited, 367, 389, 391-393;

restored, 391, 394;

of Nottingham forfeited, 332

Fray, John, 391

Freedom of borough obtained by becoming member of craft, 186;

terms of admission to, in Nottingham, 325;

loss of, for helping “foreign” merchant, 39;

traders of Norwich ordered to take up, 400

Freemen generally members of craft guilds, 190;

their right to attend meetings, 224;

of Norwich must belong to craft guild, 383

Friars, 125, note

Fry, Thomas, 79, note 1

Валяльщики Ковентри создают братство с портными, 208-209

Д

Game laws, men presented for breaking, 246, note 2

Games, attendance of municipal officers at, 256

Gascony, its wine, result of fixing price of, 139;

its wool trade with Southampton, 290;

trade of Lynn with, 404

Gate, the Water, at Southampton, 291, 294, note 1

Genoa, its relations with Jacques Cœur, 81;

trade with Southampton, 289, 291;

carracks, 302, 305, note 1

Genoese, grant of Henry IV. to, 290;

merchants at Southampton, 290, 291;

Southampton burnt by, 295

“Gentleman”, drapers and clothiers admitted to rank of, 68

Джентри, сельское джентри, вступает в браки с торговцами, 78-80;

take office in municipal government, 79

German, a, town clerk at Winchester, 261;

merchants, their organization at Lynn, 404

Germany, appointment of guild officer in, 130;

trade with Southampton, 291, 294

Giles, Karoll, 20

Girdlers of London, Edward III.’s charter to, 143, note 2

Girdler Gate, Nottingham, 326

Гладман, Джон, его восстание, 392-393

Gloucester, its trade, &c., 42;

charters, 194, note 1;

guild merchant, 194;

common council, 287, 354

Gloucester, [Humphry] Duke of, befriends Norwich, 387, 392

Gloucester, [Richard] Duke of, his services to York, 261, note 1

Gloucester, John of, makes bells for Ely cathedral, 54

Гловер из Лейтон-Баззарда, приключения, 31-32

God’s House Meadow, Southampton, 314

Godstede, William de, 283

Gold, fear of government lest merchants should diminish stock of, 69;

its exportation forbidden, 69 note 3

ювелир, нанятый для взвешивания хлеба в Сэндвиче, 37-38;

of Nottingham repairs cross in Clifton Church, 54, 326

Gorse held by Romney, 237

Gospels, portions of, copied for swearing-in of officers, 258

Greek learned by town clerk of Nottingham, 20

Green, Godfrey, 80, note 4

Gregory, town clerk of Nottingham, 337, note 3

Grendon, Simon, of Exeter, 75

Grocers of Bristol, plate left by one, 74, note 1;

of London, laws about their apprentices, 102, note 2;

control claimed by, 116, note 1;

protest against powers of oligarchy, 117, note 4;

appointment of wardens, 118, note 2.

См. Пеппереры

Grocyn, his education at Bristol, 20

Gryme, Richard, of Southampton, 302

Guilds, schools founded by, 13;

социально-религиозные, 213-217;

system of indirect election, 253;

at Deritend, 13, note 2;

at Hull, 69, note 2, 182, note 2;

at Lynn, 405, note 2, 425;

в Ньюкасле, 185-186;

at Shrewsbury, 49, note 1;

at Southampton, 293;

at Stratford, 13, note 2;

at Walsall, 183;

at Warwick, 186;

of merchant adventurers, 112;

of artizans, 112;

“Le Bachery” in Norwich, 389, 392;

of S. Benedict at Lincoln, 144, note 2;

of S. Catherine at Coventry, 203;

of “common and middling folks” at Lincoln, 271, note 3;

of Corpus Christi at Coventry, 204-206, 209;

at Hull, 144, note 2;

at Lynn, 405, note 2;

of Holy Cross at Abingdon, 215;

в Бирмингеме, 213-214;

at Bridgewater, 215;

of S. George at Coventry, 208;

at Norwich, 384-385, 389, 395;

of S. George and S. Christopher at York, 205, note 1;

of S. John at Coventry, 203;

at Hull, 144, note 2;

of our Lady and S. George at Plymouth, 220;

of S. Lawrence at Ashburton, 13, note 2;

святой Марии в Бриджуотере, 214-215;

at Coventry, 203;

of S. Nicholas at Worcester, 13, note 2;

of palmers at Ludlow, 13;

of young scholars at Lynn, 13;

of Trinity at Coventry, 14, note 2, 19, note 3, 203-213;

at Hull, 144, note 2;

at Lynn, 217, 404-407;

at Shrewsbury, 144, note 2, 173, note 4;

craft, their origin, 113, 114;

exclusive character, 99;

alliance with town councils, 108;

помогают бюргерам в борьбе с правящим органом, 167-168, 184-187;

различные формы, 110-113;

charitable works, 113, note 2;

courts of arbitration, 114, note 1;

protection of members, 114, note 2;

состав, 115-117;

отличие от современных профсоюзов, 115-116, 134-136, 159-160;

управление, 117-120;

законы о наемных работниках, 121-123;

организация, 128-129;

правление олигархии в них, 129-131;

участие членов в назначении на городские должности, 130-131;

founded by order of town, 135, 155;

отношение к публике, 136-138;

борьба за контроль над ценами, 139-140;

charters, 141, 143, note 3;

отношения с городом и государством, 143-154, 181-189;

прикрываются формой религиозного объединения, 144-145;

enforced contribution to feasts, 154, note 2;

increase in number, 155;

combinations, 156, 157, note 1;

отношения с муниципалитетом, 157-158;

победа в борьбе с городом, 159-160;

greater and lesser, 160;

борьба между ними, 160-166;

их союз с бюргерами против правящей олигархии, 167-168;

freedom of borough often obtained by becoming member of, 186;

freemen of borough generally enrolled in, 190;

отношения с гильдией купцов, 191-199;

at Beverley, 142;

in Bristol, 153;

в Кентербери, 156-157;

at Coventry, 151, note 2, 207-211;

Ньюкасла, 185-186;

in Norwich, 144, note 1, 381-4;

at Sandwich, 155;

at Southampton, their duties, 299;

of bakers at Exeter, 179;

in London, 149, note 1;

of carpenters, 147;

of cordwainers at Exeter, 119, note, 179;

of drapers at Shrewsbury, 144, note 2, 173, note 4;

шорников, 146-147;

столяров и лоримеров в Лондоне, 163-164;

of kalendars at Bristol, 13, note 2;

каменщиков, 147-148;

of mercers of Shrewsbury, 182, note 1;

of painters in London, 163;

седельников в Лондоне, 162-164;

of spurriers, 147;

of tailors at Exeter, 172-181, 184;

in London, 143, note 3, 149, note 1, 182, note 1;

at Lynn, 151, note 1;

of weavers in Leicester, 122, note 1;

in London, 141-142, 162;

in Newcastle, 102, note 2;

in Nottingham, 141, note;

купцов: ее ранняя история и состав, 191-193;

organization, 193;

independent position, 194;

monopoly of trade, 40;

struggle with crafts, 191;

теория Гросса о ее упадке, 191-197;

неясность и местное разнообразие ее истории, 197-201;

ее преемники в XIV и XV веках, 201-202;

of Andover, 193, note 1, 198, note 1, 199;

of Bridgewater, 214;

of Bristol, 198, note 1;

of Carlisle, 185;

of Chesterfield, 203, note 1;

Ковентри, 203-204;

of Gloucester, 194, note 1;

of Lichfield, 213, note 3;

of Lynn, 184, 196, note 3, 198, note 1, 217, 403;

of Nottingham, 332;

of Plymouth, 220;

of Reading, 203, note 2;

of S. Albans, 203;

of Southampton, 198, note 1, 207, note 3, 305;

of Totnes, 33, note 2, 220

Гилдхолл, см. Ратуша

Gun made for Lydd, 54, note 1

Gunner, payment of, by Southampton, 298

H

Halifax, cloth-makers at, 89

Hall, the drapery, at Coventry, 207;

guild, its storage rooms, 34;

of Bristol, 37;

of Lynn, 406;

of Nottingham, 325;

of Southampton, 310, 312;

of York, 205, note 1;

town or guild, of Birmingham, 213;

town, of Coventry, called S. Mary’s Guild, 203

Hamble, court of Admiralty held at, 319, note 2

Hanse, its trade with Lynn, 404

Harpe, held by Romney, 237

Hastings, metal for gun got from, 54, note 1

Haverford West, interest taken by its burghers in municipal affairs, 234, note 3

Hawk, town clerk of Norwich, 390

Hawleys, the, of Dartmouth, 73

Hazard, John, coroner of Bristol, 267

Henley, Walter of, 133

Henry I., his grant of liberties to Southampton, 306

Henry II., his charter to Gloucester, 194, note 1;

to Southampton, 306;

to Nottingham, 331

Henry III., his charter to Liverpool, 41;

to Gloucester, 194, note 1;

to Oxford, 278, note 2;

to guild merchant of Lynn, 407

Henry IV., his Act about apprentices, 104, note 3;

charter to Liverpool, 41;

to Nottingham, 333;

to Norwich, 373;

to Southampton, 307, 309;

confirms decrees of committee of eighteen in Lynn, 414;

grant to Genoese traders, 290;

grant for fortification of Southampton, 292

Henry V., loan of Cardinal Beaufort to, 292;

his letters patent to Lynn, 409;

to Southampton, 307;

confirms decrees of committee of eighteen in Lynn, 414;

appeal of people of Lynn to, 417;

confirms guild of S. George in Norwich, 384;

его хартия Норвичу, 379-380

Henry VI., charters of incorporation given under, 269;

loans from Lynn to, 423;

supported by Nottingham, 330;

хартия Ноттингему, 333-334;

Саутгемптону, 307-308

Henry VII., depression of trade in his early years, 87;

effects of his commercial treaties, 87;

brings over Flemish weavers, 94;

repeals Act of Henry IV. about apprentices, 104, note 3;

charter to Exeter, 180;

to merchant tailors of London, 143, note 3;

grants to Southampton, 293;

Nottingham sends deputation to, 331

Henry VIII. entertained at Fairford, 68;

forbids emigration from Chester, 299, note 4

Hereford, its in-borough and out-borough, 40, note 2;

обычаи, 225-227;

law about steward, 261, note 2

Heydon, John, of Baconsthorpe, 387, 389, 393, 394, 395, note 1

Hill, Nicholas, image-maker of Nottingham, 326

Hoastmen, complaint of London corporation against, 140, note 3

Holbein, his “Dance of Death”, 57

Holidays, disputes about, 88;

trading on, forbidden, 133

Hollingbrokes, the, of Romney, 59, note

Holme, Abbot of, his disputes with Norwich, 387, note, 391-392

Honywodes, merchants at Hythe, 29

Horn, the common, of Sandwich, 227

“Hornblowing”, 430

Horseho held by Romney, 237

Hospital of S. Julian, Southampton, 295, 314-315;

of S. Thomas the Martyr, at Sandwich, 75;

founded by Simon Grendon at Exeter, 75;

of S. Paul, Norwich, its dispute with the town, 387, note

House, the audit, of Southampton, 310;

the butchers’, in Nottingham, 324;

the common, its storerooms for wool, 3;

the drapers’, in Nottingham, 325;

галантерейщиков в Ноттингеме, 324-325

Houses in Nottingham, 327;

contrast between English and French, 84;

of merchants in Bristol, 74

Huddersfield, cloth-makers at, 89

Hull, its grammar school, 14;

merchants, 69, note 2;

guilds at, 144, note 2;

use made of them by county magnate, 182, note 2;

royal charters to guilds, 182, note 1;

trade with Nottingham, 324, 328

Хит, его состояние в начале XV века, 29-30;

Black Book, 230, 257, note 4;

use of paper for accounts, 259, note 6;

lands of community, 237;

perambulation on Holy Thursday, 30;

pestilence, 30;

its town clerk, 263, note 1

I

Iceland, Bristol merchants in, 73

Illuminator of Nottingham, 326

Image-maker of Nottingham, 326

Incorporation, charters of, given under Henry VI., 269

“Inferiores” of Lynn, 407-409, 412, 413, 420-425

Ingoldsby, John, 303, note 2

Inns provided by the towns, 33

Inn-holders, profit allowed to be taken by, 36

“Intrantes” in Canterbury, 47

Ipswich, its coroners, 223;

early form of government, 223, 224;

land of community, 237;

powers assumed by oligarchy, 240-241, 252;

portmen, 223, 250, 252;

dogget rolls, 259;

two councils, 278, note 2;

agreement made by barber taking apprentice at, 120, note 1

Ireland, its trade with Liverpool, 41, note;

smuggling trade with Gloucester, 42;

cloth, 289

Iron works at Nottingham, 326

Изабелла, королева, ее земли в Ковентри, 202-204

Italy, cities of, their commerce with Southampton, 290-291, 320;

English cloth sent to, to be dyed scarlet, 326;

merchants from, obliged to buy only in London, Southampton, or Sandwich, 293

J

Jews at King’s exchange, 69, note 1;

school for, at Bristol, 13, note 2

Joan, Queen, 304, note 2

John, King, his charter to Gloucester, 194, note 1;

grant of privileges to Southampton, 306;

“palaces” of, in Nottingham, 327;

frees Nottingham from forest laws and forest officers, 328;

charter to Nottingham, 332;

to guild merchant of Lynn, 404

John of Horncastle, bailiff of Bristol, 267

John the Taverner, mayor of Bristol, 267

Столяров цех в Лондоне, 163-164

Journeymen, their combinations for self-protection, 101;

protection of, in guild, 103;

regulations about their wages, 104, note 1;

position in craft-guilds, 119, 128-129;

protection by town authorities, 120;

законы о них, 121-123;

забастовки, 123-127;

unions of, 129

Jubilee of 1420 at Canterbury, 43

Jurats of Cinque Ports, 278, note 1, 434;

of Lynn, 407, 409, 421

система присяжных в городах, 228-229;

special, 229, note 2, 275, 276, 341;

сорок восемь присяжных Ноттингема, 356-358;

of wards and leets in Norwich, 381.

См. Лет, Миклетóрн

Justices, their right to order election of discreet men for town officers, 249, note 2;

мировые судьи, назначение членов высшего городского совета в качестве таковых, 254-255;

in Nottingham, 339, 340;

in Norwich, 362, note 2;

in Southampton, 307, 309

K

Kalendar of Fordwich, 258, note 3

Kalendars, guild of, at Bristol, 13, note 2

Kent, its decline in wealth during Hundred Years’ War, 88, note 3;

brewers of, 89;

popular movements in, 429

Keyhaven, court of Admiralty held at, 319, note 2

Kidderminster, cause of its decay, 97, note 3

King’s Bench, court of, 238

Kipton Ash, its market, 404, note 1

L

Labour, effects of war and rivalry between England and Netherlands on, 87;

трудности, вызванные промышленными изменениями, 87-90;

иностранной иммиграцией, 90-96;

проблема, 107-109;

“blackleg”, London saddlers accused of encouraging, 163;

law against, 165;

“uncovenanted”, fostered by employers, 102

неквалифицированные рабочие, 103-104;

сельские, трудности их переселения в города, 98-99;

legal hours of work, 133;

of Norwich, their condition before 1340, 101

Lammas lands of Colchester, 238

Lancaster, Nicholas, town clerk of York, 263

Land, conversion of arable, into pasture, 98;

споры о владении ими и их использовании, 238-239;

common, of towns, rights and interests of commonalty in, 234, 237-239;

of Andover, 237;

of Birmingham, 237;

of Chester, 237;

of Colchester, 238;

of Coventry, 238;

of Hythe, 237;

of Ipswich, 237;

of Liverpool, 237;

of Lydd, 237, 238;

of Morpeth, 237;

of Norwich, 367;

of Nottingham, 237, 334, 335-336, 342-343, 348, note 3;

of Oxford, 237;

of Romney, 237;

of Southampton, 311, 314-317;

of Wycombe, 237

Lanes, naming of, in towns, 29;

улучшение их положения, 32-33

Langton, Nicholas, mayor of York, 251, note 1

миряне, школы, основанные ими, 16-17

“Leave-lookers”, 34

Leet of Andover, 229;

of Coventry, 205, 206, 212, note 1, 345, note 3;

of Manchester, 249, note 2;

of Nottingham, 19, 341, 345, 346, 356;

of Southampton, 318, note

леты Норвича, 361-362

Legate, Richard, bailiff of Bristol, 267

Leicester, no plea held in, during fairs, 25, note 1;

night work allowed by guild in, 122, note 1;

Crouchback’s charter to, 25, note 1, 258, note 1;

councils, 287, 354

Лейтон-Базард, приключения гловера из, 31-32

Lenton, agreement with Nottingham about its fair, 348, note 3;

convent of, 354, note 4

Lepe, court of Admiralty held at, 319, note 2

Levant, Bristol vessels first to enter, 73;

trade of Jacques Cœur with, 81;

trade of Southampton with, 290

Liberties, extension of, in Carlisle and Hereford, 40, note 2

Lichfield, its guild merchant, 213, note 3

Lime-burners, conspiracy of, in London, 140

Lincoln, guild of S. Benedict at, 144, note 2;

bailiffs, 250;

appeal of commonalty to King against corporation, 244;

charter, 244;

dispute with lord of S. Botolph’s fair about tolls, 244;

its guild of “common and middling folks”, 271, note 3;

aldermen, 279, note

Lincoln, Robert, bishop of, translation of his “Rules”, 5

Lincoln, bishop of, begs for Norwich liberties to be restored, 391

Lincolnshire, its bell-metal, 54, note 1;

its wool, 88, note 3

Linen manufactured at Nottingham, 326

литература XV века, 3-10

Liverpool, its charters, 41;

attempt to establish free trade, 41;

council of forty, 278, note 2;

its mayor, 61, note 2, 251, note 1;

mosses granted to, 237;

grant for paving, 32, note 3;

school, 14, note 2

Lombards, traders learn to clip coin from, 67;

settle in Southampton, 289

London, its aldermen hereditary owners of wards, 279, note;

elected for life, 375, note 2;

apprentices must be sworn to the franchise before using trade, 103, note 2;

yearly wage of artizans, 133;

bakers, 45, 117, note 2, 149, note 1;

bowyers, 119;

жалоба на мясников, 44-45;

спор между буреллерами и ткачами, 161-162;

candlemakers, 45;

common council, 375, note 2;

hindrance to influence of crafts, 186;

complaints about cloth, 146;

шорники, 146-147;

complaints against foreigners, 95;

plate pawned to a fishmonger of, 78;

trouble about fulling machinery, 90, note 2;

Edward III.’s charter to girdlers, 143, note 2;

grocers, 102, note 2, 116, note 1, 117, note 4, 118, note 2; growth, 50;

уставы гильдий, 146-148;

relations with Coventry guild, 206, note;

complaint against hoastmen, 140, note 3;

images sent from Nottingham to, 326;

mayors of, 16, 149, notes;

Italian merchants in, 293;

conspiracy of lime-burners, 140;

lorimers, 163;

decline of manufacturing trade, 88;

merchants of, cause assassination of Genoese at Southampton, 291;

provision for mercer’s widow, 80;

законы о защите потребителей от пеппереров, 139-140;

the raising of prices for repairing roofs forbidden, 152;

распри между седельниками и другими цехами, 162-165;

schools, 13, note 2, 14, note 2;

sheriff lends money to John Paston, 77;

торговые дела с Саутгемптоном, 294-295;

settlers from, in Southampton, 291;

забастовки, 123-127;

tailors of, 149, note 2, 143, note 3, 182, note 1;

rebellion of taverners, 139;

ordinances of tawyers, 165;

уход ремесленников за пределы городских стен, 44-45;

jurisdiction of trades, 149, notes;

retaliation in taking of toll, 53, note 1;

“vice-comites”, 361, note 3;

regulations about wages of journeymen, 104, note 1;

decay of wealth, 104, note 3;

ткачи, 141-142, 160-162

Lorimers of London, 163

Louis XI., extinction of liberties of French communes under, 321

Lovel, Sir Thomas, 329, note 1, 347, note 2

Lübeck, merchants of, at Lynn, 404

Ludlow, its school, 13, note 2

Lydd, gun made for, 54, note 1;

troubles caused by Andrew Bate, 60;

seals of community and of mayor, 233, note 1, 238;

земли, 237-238;

dispute about ownership of shore, 238;

custumal, 257, note 4;

helps Warwick, 262;

helps Edward IV., 263;

town clerks, 60, 262;

treasurer, 263

Lydgate, 21

Lyhert, Walter, bishop of Norwich, 394, note 1

Lymington, its treaty with Southampton, 53, note 4

Линн, его жители ищут защиты от правящих бюргеров, 242-243;

relations with bishop of Norwich, 403, 408, 412, 419, 423-424, 428;

advantages of its position, 404;

three classes in, 407;

constitution in 1417, 409;

prosperity, 410;

расходы, 410-411;

финансовые трудности, 411-413;

спор между правящим органом и народом, 411-420;

failure of attempt to gain popular liberty, 423-426, 428;

barge, 410;

non-burgesses of, their share in administration, 412, 413;

change in mode of electing for Parliament, 420, note 1;

cattle market, 404;

charter, 421;

комитет восемнадцати, 412-416;

councils, 402, 413, 419-422, 424, 425;

its constabularies, 279, note, 415, note 2, 421;

copper, 54;

wealth and importance of corporation, 402;

franchise not obligatory on settlers, 408;

admission of “foreign” inhabitants to, 417;

German merchants, 404;

guilds, 13, note 2, 151, note 1, 217, 403-407, 425;

guild merchant, 184, 196, note 3, 198, note 1, 403;

guildhall, 406;

«нижние слои» (inferiores), их упадок, 420-425;

jurats, 407, 409, 421;

loans to the King, 411, 423;

mayor, composition with, 243;

his powers of distraint, 243, note 1;

mode of election, 409, 416-417;

salary, 413;

sent as ambassador to Bruges, 422;

“mediocres”, 407-409, 412, 413;

merchants made freemen of Canterbury, 49, note 2;

their power, 403, 425;

постановления о выборах, 414-416;

prolocutor, 414;

“potentiores”, 196, note 3, 407-409, 412, 413, 419;

их союз со «средними слоями» (mediocres), 421-424;

election of serjeant, 418, note 3;

trade, 404;

town clerk, 414, 415;

wealth, 326;

members of Coventry guild at, 206, note

Lyttleton’s “New Tenures”, extracts made by town clerks from, 259

M

Macclesfield, school at, 16

машины, проблемы, вызванные внедрением машин, 89-90

Magna Charta, copies bought by burghers, 236;

extracts made by town clerks from, 259

“Magnates”, of Norwich, 196, note 3, 249

Malt, made by brewers, 89

Manchester, its grammar school, 17;

trade with Liverpool, 41, note;

election of court leet jury, 249, note 2

Mancroft ward, Norwich, 376, note 2

Manners, Latin treatise on, translation of, 5;

тревога бюргеров по поводу машин, 8-10

производители в пригородах, 96-97

Manufactures, the home, of the suburbs, 97

Marches, Scotch, their laws codified in fifteenth century, 258, note 3

Margaret of Anjou, grant from revenue of Southampton to, 300, note 3

Market, its situation, 24;

происхождение, 25-27;

early control of, 26;

grants of, 26, 27;

right of, in Scotland, 27, note 1;

regulation of 33, 34, 39, 40;

laws made by government and by towns, 36, note 1;

officials of, 34;

of Kipton Ash, 404, note 1;

the cattle, of Lynn, 404;

of Norwich, 367, note 2

Market-place of Norwich, 31;

of Nottingham, 324

Market-crosses, 32

Marlborough, its treaty with Southampton, 53, note 4;

trouble caused by craft guilds in, 142

Mary, Queen, renews charter to Liverpool, 41

“Marye of Hampton”, 291, note 3

Masons, rules made by guild of, 147;

forbidden to confederate, 148, note 3

Maximilian, treaty with, 311

проверка весов и мер мэром, 27-28;

officials of market sworn before, 34;

его роль как защитника народа, 36-38;

robe of “clean scarlet”, 62;

способы его избрания, 226-228, 274-276;

his assistants, 228;

oath on “Black Book”, 230;

of Bristol, 212, note 2;

его надзор за торговлей, 37-38;

of Canterbury, 284;

of Coventry, 205, 207, note 2;

мэр Эксетера, его избрание, 169-171;

member of tailors’ guild appointed, 178;

law of 1496 about his election, 169-171, 180;

of Liverpool in 1380, his wealth, 61, note 2, 251, note 1;

of London, 16, 149 notes;

of Lynn, modes of his election, 409, 414-417;

salary, 413;

посол, отправленный в Брюгге, 422-423;

of Norwich, replaces bailiffs, 373;

his imprisonment in London, 392;

charges brought against, 393, note 2;

of Nottingham, 251, note 2;

presented at court leet, 346, 349, 354;

of Oxford, 244;

of Plymouth, 220;

of Romney, elected at Stuppeney’s tomb, 59, note;

of Sandwich, his election, 226-227, 274, 430-434;

of Southampton, 298;

deposed, 303, note 1;

his powers, 306;

выборы, 274-275, 306-307, 312-313;

decree about payment of his salary, 314;

presented at court leet, 318, note;

его высокое положение, 319-320;

his authority as King’s admiral, 319;

alderman of guild, 306, 407, note 2;

of Wycombe, 228, 260, note 4;

of York, Edward IV.’s patent about election of, 186

Measures, petition of commons to Henry VII. about, 27, note 3;

standard, towns compelled to keep, 27;

проверены и опечатаны мэром, 27-28

“Mediocres” of Lynn, 407, 408, 409, 412, 413, 421, 424

Средиземноморье, торговля Саутгемптона со странами Средиземноморья, 289-290

Melcombe Regis, election of officers, 275, note 4

Meller, Dame Agnes, founds school at Nottingham, 19, note 3

Melors, Thomas, mayor of Nottingham, 349

“Mercatores” of Coventry guild, 204

Mercers of Coventry, 183, 204, note;

of London, provision made by one for his widow, 80;

of Shrewsbury, royal charter granted to, 182, note 1;

mistery of, at York, 69, note 2;

дом гильдии в Ноттингеме, 324-325

купцы, школы, основанные ими, 16-17;

их трудности, 69-72;

wealth, 69, 72-74;

взгляды «бедной общины» на их доходы, 70-71;

marks, 71;

один из купцов в Абингдоне жертвует деньги на строительство мостов, 75-76;

become landed proprietors, 79;

Knights of the Bath, 79;

associations of, 108;

of Cinque Ports, their privileges, 52, note;

English, keeping of sea given to, 323;

of Germany, their organization at Lynn, 404;

Irish, in Liverpool, 41, note;

Italian, laws about their buying, 293;

expelled from London, 293;

settle in Southampton, 293;

of Lübeck, at Lynn, 404;

of Lynn, made freemen of Canterbury, 49, note 2;

their powers, 403, 425

Metals, Southampton made staple of, 293

Mickletorn jury at Nottingham, 138, 345-346, 356-358

Mill-stones, cost of, 406, note 1;

brought from Paris and Andernach, 406;

Mills, fulling, forbidden by Parliament, 90;

the school, at Manchester, inhabitants forced to grind corn at, 17

Monopoly, 48, 49, 51, 56

Morpeth, 186, note 3, 237, 238

Mortmain, license to, given to Trinity Guild, Coventry, 203;

to S. John Baptist’s Guild, 203, note 4;

to fullers and tailors of Coventry, 209;

grant to assign lands in, given to merchant guild of Bridgewater, 214;

statute of, results of its extension to cities and boroughs, 215

N

Netherlands, distress caused by their rivalry with England, 87;

wool sent from Southampton to, 291;

settlers from, in English towns, 320;

in Sandwich, 429;

независимый нрав городов, 360-361

Netley Abbey, its treaty with Southampton, 53, note 4

Newcastle, weavers of, 102, note 2;

piece-work in, 121, note 5;

распри среди гильдий из-за управления, 185-186

New Sarum attempts free trade, 47, note 1;

its treaty with Southampton, 53, note 1

Non-burgesses of Lynn, their share in administration, 413;

in Nottingham, their numbers, 325

Норфолк, надзор Норвича за его суконной торговлей, 385-386

Northampton, its dispute with abbot of Thorney, 52, note;

style, 278, note 1;

tin, 54

Норвич, жалоба демократии на олигархию в нем, 241-242;

character and value of its political experiments, 361, 396-397;

раннее устройство, 361-365;

copying of old documents, 370, note 4;

волнения из-за выборов в 1404 г., 373-374;

споры между советом мэра и общиной, 379-380;

its disputes with the prioress of Carrow, hospital of S. Paul, and abbot of Wendling, 387, note;

with abbot of Holme, 387, 391-392;

with prior of the cathedral, 387, 391, 395-396;

борьба между графской и городской партиями, 385-395;

восстание Джона Гладмана, 392-393;

refusal to advance money to King, 393;

visited by him, 394;

reception of the Duke of York, 394;

poverty in fifteenth century, 395;

причины упадка, 397-398;

причина неудачи его попытки добиться народной свободы, 427-428;

its account-books, 370, note 4;

aldermen, 362, note 2, 380;

apprentices, payments by, 102, note 2;

собрание, 371-372, 377-379;

superseded by twenty-four, 365;

assembly rolls, 370;

“Le Bachery”, 389, 392;

bailiffs, 361-364, 373;

chandlers presented at court leet, 140;

chapel of the Blessed Virgin in the Fields, 389, 397;

charters, 371-373, 379-380, 395;

churches, 329, note 2;

“the citizens”, 366, 367, 368, 370, 373, 376, 399-401;

craft guilds, 144, note 1, 381-384;

supervision of cloth and wool trade, 149, note 1, 385-386;

система подряда на работу в окрестных деревнях, 105-106;

the community or commonalty of, 366-373, 376, 377, 399;

композиция 1415 года, 374-380;

councils, 170, 278, note 2, 363-365, 369-377, 419;

“customs”, 364;

election of common councillors, 376, 380-381;

избрание должностных лиц после 1415 года, 377-379;

employers made responsible for servants, 101, note 2;

franchises forfeited, 367, 389, 391-393;

restored, 391, 394;

freemen must belong to craft guild, 383;

foreign settlers, 320;

guilds, 144, note 1;

guild of S. George, 384-385, 389, 395;

income in 1378, 370, note 4;

justices of the peace, 362, note 2;

condition of its labourers before 1340, 101;

его четыре лета, 361-362;

replaced by wards, 380;

leet courts, 362;

loan to King, 372, note 2;

magnates, 196, note 3, 249;

manufacturing trade, its decline, 88;

market, 367, note 2;

market-place, 31;

mayor, 373;

mayor imprisoned in London, 392;

charges against him, 393, note 2;

lawsuit about rights of pasture, 238;

petition to Parliament, 367;

capital pledges, 362, 381;

statute of 1477 about Pye-powder court, 393, note 2;

recorder, 387;

increased rents, 400;

common seal, 390, 391, 392;

sheriffs, 373, 381;

official styles, 365-368, 373;

appointment of supervisors of bread, 35, note 4;

tanners, 105;

tolbooth, 362, 389, note 1;

traders ordered to become freemen, 400;

wards, 376, 380;

wealth, causes of its decay, 104, note 3;

White Book, 258, note 3;

law about ordinances of worsted-shearers, 149, note 1;

отношения с сельскими рабочими, 105-106

Norwich, bishop of, begs for restoration of town’s liberties, 391;

relations of, with Lynn, 403, 408-412, 419, 423-424, 428

Ноттингем, преимущества его положения, 322-325;

ordered to contribute to keeping of sea, 323;

состояние жителей, 327-328;

small part played by ecclesiastical interests in, 329;

its quarrel with Sir John Babington, 329, note 1;

given to Anne of Bohemia, 330;

supports Edward IV., 330;

attitude towards Richard III., 330;

granted to Elizabeth Woodville, 330, note 1;

sends deputation to Henry VII., 331;

increasing wealth in fifteenth century, 331;

originally governed by reeve, 331;

grants from Henry II., 331;

from Edward II., 333;

privileges gained during Welsh war, 332;

sends men to help King against Jack Cade, 334;

condition of its government in 1500, 344;

борьба между властями и народом, 345-359;

“alablaster man”, 54, 326;

aldermen, 309, 339-341;

common assembly, 341, 347-348, 352-353;

bell-foundry, 326;

bell-metal got from Lincolnshire, 54, note 1;

two boroughs, 332;

complaint about brewers, 38;

bridges, 322, 324, 341;

Bridlesmith gate, 326;

burgesses, their relations with the people, 312, note, 355, note 3;

отличие от гражданской общины, 334-336;

burgesses fined for not attending meetings, 336;

butchers’ house, 324;

castle, 323;

charters, 330-334, 339;

church of S. Mary, 326;

town clerk, 19, 20, 263-264, 337;

“clothing”, 341, 352-353, 355, 356, note 1, 357;

coal-mines, 325;

common, 314, note 5;

«община» или простонародье, 338-343;

council, 337-340, 355, 357;

споры по поводу контроля над Трентом, 328-329;

drapers’ house, 325;

exemption from forest laws and forest officers, 328;

agreement with Lenton convent about its fair, 348, note 3;

ferm, 328, 330, 332;

franchises forfeited, 332;

terms of admission to freedom, 325;

forestalling, 50, note 1;

Girdler gate, 326;

goldsmith, 54, 326;

guildhall, 325;

guild merchant, 332;

common hall, 343;

houses, 327;

illuminator, 326;

image-maker, 326;

промыслы, 325-327;

jury of forty-eight, 356, 357, 358;

special juries, 341;

justices of peace, 339, 340;

common lands, 237, 334, 335-336, 342-343, 348, note 3;

leet, 341, 346, 356, 19, 229, 345-346;

market-place, 324;

mayors, 251, note 2;

their independent rule in sixteenth century, 354;

mayor presented at court leet, 346, 349, 354;

fined for not rendering accounts, 353, note;

дом галантерейщиков, 324-325;

Mickletorn jury, 138, 345-346, 356-358;

money borrowed by corporation, 328;

numbers of non-burgesses in, 325;

Whitsuntide offerings, 329;

paviour, 32, note 3;

рекордер, 347-348;

Red Book, 334, 337, 355, 356;

sources of revenue, 47;

rolls, 259;

free school, 19, 348, note 3, 354, note 4;

титулы, 334-336;

subsidy roll of 1472, 327;

tin, 54;

tolls at Retford, 335, note 2;

raising of river-side tolls forbidden, 329;

торговля и процветание, 324-328;

results of wide distribution of wealth, 251;

weavers’ guild, 141, note;

provision for widows, 80;

workmen charged with taking too much pay, 132

Nycoll, William, sends his ship to Bay of Biscay, 291, note 3

O

Occleve, 21

Oldham, Hugh, bishop of Exeter, completes Manchester grammar school, 17

Oligarchy, the ruling, alliance of guilds with burghers against, 167-168, 184;

powers assumed by, in Ipswich, 240-241, 252;

Lincoln, 244;

Линн, 242-243;

Норвич, 241-242;

Oxford, 244;

правление олигархии, его зарождение в городах, 240-246, 255-257;

его характер, 256-257, 264-265;

Orgram, John, of Nottingham, 337, note 1

Orwellstow, owned by Lydd, 237

Oxford, marriage contract of cook’s daughter at, 61, note 4;

craft guilds, 142;

обвинения, предъявленные правящему органу, 244-245;

aldermen, 245, note 2, 278, note 2;

charter, 278, note 2;

formation of second council, 278;

common lands, 237;

mayor, 244, 278, note 2;

Provisions of, 253

P

Palmers, guild of, at Ludlow, its school, 13, note 2

Paper takes place of parchment, 259

Parchment, use of, ordered at Worcester in 1467, 259, note 6

Paris, Jacques Cœur at, 81;