«Суверенитет моря: Исторический очерк притязаний Англии на господство в британских морях»

territorial sea, 658.

См. Голландцы.

Neutral waters, 22, 119, 120, 359 n., 548, 586, 622, 641 n., 665, 685, 775;

декреты относительно, 569–571;

limit of, 546;

proclamations and decisions regarding, 553, 554;

Scandinavian limit of, 568;

treaties regarding, 571, 572;

usage in seventeenth century, 552, 553, 554

Newcastle, 34 n., 96, 114, 248, 249, 252, 273 n., 428

Newfoundland, 86, 88, 92, 97, 113, 219, 589;

fishery rights at, 531, 532

Nicholas, Secretary of Admiralty, 44 n., 213, 262, 263, 275 n., 278, 292, 295, 318, 322

Nicholl, Sir John, on territorial sea, 586 n.

Nicolas, Sir N. H., 37, 45 n., 46 n., 53, 56

Nieuport, 60, 327, 400

Nieuport, William, Dutch ambassador, 395, 415, 417, 433

Nootka Sound, 573

Nordland, 108

Norfolk, 46 n., 63, 90, 94, 101, 162, 248

Norham, 60

Norman Conquest, 6, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 59, 372

Normandy, 29, 36, 43, 48, 50, 59, 62, 69, 74, 97, 103, 129, 213

Northampton, Earl of, 138, 353

North Cape, 58, 86, 478, 502, 503

North-east passage, 343

Northmen, sea power of, 26, 28

North Sea, 21, 22, 43, 246, 247, 382, 432, 434, 465, 466 n.;

fisheries, 43, 60, 87, 89, 130, 131, 133, 408, 470;

Conference at Hague on, 1881, 632;

Fishery Convention, 1882, 634, 637, 638, 639, 644, 721, 722, 725, 726, 735, 737;

defects in definitions, 641;

question of limit of exclusive fishing on other coasts, 643, 644, 645, 646;

Sweden and Norway decline to join, 636;

development of trawling in, 699, 700;

impoverishment of fishing-grounds in, 706-710, 711, 738, 739 n.

Нортумберленд, граф, 131, 243, 264, 266 с., 278, 279, 319, 320, 322, 323, 327, 379, 380, 388, 425, 426, 557;

appointed admiral of second ship-money fleet, 287;

instructions of Admiralty, 289, 290;

instructions from Charles, 295;

proceedings of fleet in Channel, 290, 291;

действия флота против голландских рыбаков, 295–300, 307–311;

forces licenses on Dutch fishermen, 12, 291, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 308;

appointed admiral of the third ship-money fleet, 319;

appointed Lord High Admiral, 329

Norway, 34, 45, 169 n., 339, 527;

area of fishing-grounds, 738;

Customs jurisdiction, 594;

declines three-mile limit, 633, 678;

declines to adhere to North Sea Convention, 636, 783;

disputes with England as to fisheries, 108, 110;

fisheries, 92;

fisheries in Vestfjord, 672, 677;

fishery limit early fixed, 528;

special fishery limits, 671, 672, 678, 679;

foreign trawlers seized for illegal fishing, 680;

registered trawlers in Moray Firth, 721, 727, 728;

sovereignty of sea of, 4;

territorial sea, 653, 669-681, 685;

method of computing, 653, 655, 669, 670, 676, 678, 685;

respected by foreign fishermen, 677, 678

Norwegian Sea, sovereignty over, 4, 16

Nottingham, Earl of, 206, 353

Nova Zembla, 184

Okhotsk, Sea of, foreigners fishing in, 585

Олденбарневелд. См. Барневелд.

Oldys, 127 n.

Олеронские законы. См. Законы.

Onward Ho! case of, 657 n.

Oppenheim, on territorial sea, 688

Окендо, дон Антонио де, 330–334

Оранский, принц, 190, 197, 303, 306, 314, 315 с., 384, 387, 422, 430, 433, 434, 460, 462, 490, 491, 492, 503, 517

Orfordness, 49, 277, 553

Orkney, 88, 108, 126, 165, 169, 180, 201, 215, 221, 227, 230, 234, 406

Orkney, Earl of, 169 n.

Ormonde, Marquis of, 450

Ortolan, on territorial sea, 601

Orwell, 54

Ossory, Lord, 485, 486 n.

Ostend, 43, 309

Ouwers, Egidio, 273 n.

Overbury, Sir Thomas, 127 n.

Over-Yssel, 81

Owen, Captain, 382

Oxford, 358

Oyster fisheries, special treatment of, 657;

question of territoriality of Irish, 620, 621;

reserved for French, 612, 619, 620

Pacius, on Venetian dominion of sea, 351

Palatinate, 198, 199, 210, 253, 265, 271, 274, 275, 286, 302, 305, 306, 314, 315, 316, 331

Papal Bulls, 5, 105, 106, 107, 339, 342, 344, 372

Pardessus, 41, 42

Парламент, 67, 77 с., 116, 211, 214, 367, 409, 414, 443, 449, 457, 458, 475, 483, 492, 493, 503, 506, 532;

on safeguarding the sea, 34;

petitions for dues on navigation of Channel, 35;

on navy, 38

Parliament of Ireland, 33, 63

Parliament of Scotland, 82, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225

Parry, Sir Thomas, 155

Pauw, Adrian, Dutch ambassador, 405, 414

Pearl fisheries, 697;

Vattel on, 560

Pedrogue, John de, 45 n., 49, 50

Pembroke, Earl of, 227, 239 n., 240-244, 446

Pendennis Castle, 280

Penn, Sir William, 383, 408, 456

Пеннингтон, сэр Джон, 208, 212, 244, 259, 261, 264, 274, 275 с., 287, 290, 296, 297, 321, 322, 324, 327, 328, 379, 403;

instructions as to striking, 261-263, 276, 277;

suggestion as to neutral waters round a King’s ship, 262;

on striking, 277, 278, 279, 280, 283;

бой в сражении в Даунсе, 329–335

Pepys, Samuel, 312 n., 513, 514;

on Fishery Society, 447 n., 448, 449;

on striking, 456;

on second Dutch war, 458, 459;

on state of navy, 517

Perels, on territorial sea, 652, 684, 688

Perkins, Sir Christopher, 146, 155

Perre, Van de, Dutch ambassador, 391, 415

Petersen, Gisbert, fishing license to, 460

Philip, Archduke of Austria, 72

Philip the Fair, 44

Philip II., 64, 81, 107, 141, 205, 425, 426, 544

Philip III., 350

Philip IV., 350

Phillimore, 312 n.;

on territorial sea, 682

Picardy, 29, 62, 74, 88, 103, 130

Picaroons, 273, 276

Pilchard, 134, 143, 227, 235, 447

Piracy, prevalence of, 4, 5, 7, 30, 43

Пираты, 68, 72 с., 78, 79, 82, 91, 247, 253, 254, 260, 269, 274, 284 с., 291, 292, 327, 339, 390, 421, 456, 471

Pistoye and Duverdy, on territorial sea, 602

Pitt, on fishery arrangements with France, 532

Pittenweem, 59, 175 n.

Plague, 299 n.

Plancius, 183

Plantagenets, 8, 11, 30, 43, 75, 209, 211, 213, 258, 368, 421

Plegher, 80

Plowden, on sea of England, 102, 111, 361, 543

Plumleigh, Captain, 208, 277, 280

Plymouth, 33, 117, 267, 268, 327

Poland, 61;

claim to Baltic, 4, 371, 377

Political Lent, the, 87, 88, 89, 112, 114

Pontalis, on fishery question, 453 n.

Pontanus, J. I., on Selden’s Mare Clausum, 376, 550

Pope, the, 28, 105, 106, 107, 212, 277 n., 339, 371

Popham, Col. Edward, 382

Porpoise, 88

Portland, 267

Portland Castle, 256, 279

Portland, Earl of, 239 n., 241, 253

Portsmouth, 114, 408

Portsmouth, Duchess of, 475

Portugal, 91, 268;

area of fishing-grounds, 738;

fishermen visit British coasts, 129;

and Irish coast, 98;

fishery treaty with, 67;

foreign trawlers at, 713;

claim to sovereignty of sea, 5, 86, 105-108, 112, 340, 343, 344, 350;

territorial sea, 569, 664, 668

Pradier-Fodéré, on territorial sea, 684, 688

Prerogative of crown, 236

Pribilov Islands, 695

Privateers, 462

Prize, law of, 359 n.

Prussia, 34, 216;

fishermen on British coasts, 605

Prynne, Keeper of the Records, 17, 25, 27 n., 39, 43, 44 n., 213, 326 n., 352 n., 367 and n.;

on the sovereignty of the sea, 493

Puffendorf, on territorial sea, 551

Quarantine Acts, 594

Rainsford, Richard, 64, 138, 141, 142, 145, 159

Raleigh, Sir Walter, 127 and n., 136, 204, 413

Трактат Рэли. См. Кеймер.

Ramsgate, 699

Range of guns, Grotius on, 349;

range of modern guns, 21;

range of gun limit, 549;

range of guns and salute, 473 n.;

range of vision, 175, 193, 544;

claimed by Denmark, 529;

Grotius on, 347;

old English law, 544;

prescribed by Philip II., 544

См. Видимость земли и Территориальное море.

Rapin, 167 n., 311 n.

Rayneval, on range of vision, 546;

on territorial sea, 596

Reddie, on territorial sea, 600

Reformation, 67;

influence of, on fisheries, 75, 87, 89, 92

Reprisals between Scots and Dutch, 77, 78, 79, 84;

between traders, 53, 54

Заповедные воды. См. Шотландия.

Restoration, the, 14, 441

Revocation, Act of, 226

Rhé, Isle de, 246, 290

Richard I., 32, 40, 41, 51, 52

Richard II., 33, 62, 363

Richard III., 63, 72 n.

Richelieu, Cardinal, 12, 210, 246, 261, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276 n., 283, 291, 314, 526

Право рыболовства. См. Рыболовство.

Right of search, 13, 330, 389, 393

Rio de la Plata, territoriality of, 663

Ripperda, Joachim, Dutch ambassador, 449

Rivalry in trade between English and Dutch, 10, 441, 457

Rochelle, 97, 267, 276 n., 290

Roe, Sir Thomas, 240, 276, 303, 306, 314, 315, 316 n., 323, 324

Roman law as to sea, 3, 344, 353, 356, 360, 539;

as to fishing, 66

Romans and sovereignty of sea, 26

Руль-де-Олерон. См. Олеронские законы.

Rose, Richard, 324 n.

Rosny, Sieur de, 204

Rostock, 195

Rotterdam, 79, 171, 327, 397 n., 511

Rouen, 61

Royal fishery, Pepys on, 447 n., 448

Roxburgh, Earl of, 225 n., 239 n.

Rupert, Prince, 382, 493

Russia, 29, 61, 110, 142, 158, 358;

Behring Sea question, 581, 582;

Компания, см. Московская компания;

Customs limit, 656, 657 n.;

territorial sea, 656

Ruyter, Captain, 298 n., 304

Rye, 33, 54, 65, 145 n., 483

Ryley, William, Keeper of the Records, 409, 410 n.

Ryswick, 466 n.

Saen, Joris van der, 402, 404

St Andrews, 352

St George’s Channel, 142

St John, Lord Chief-Justice, 72;

proceeds to The Hague, 384;

переговоры с голландцами, 385–390;

his proposals for alliance and coalescence, 385;

Intercursus Magnus taken as basis of treaty, 386, 387;

his seven articles, 387;

the Dutch thirty-six articles, 388;

abstract of, 764;

as to fishing, 388, 389;

Dutch proposals as to sovereignty of sea, 389;

for a joint fleet to police the seas, 389, 395;

Dutch withdraw proposal as to striking, 390;

failure of negotiations, 390;

leaves The Hague, 391

St Lo, Captain George, on fishery limit at Yarmouth, 546 n.

Safe-conducts for fishing, 7, 33, 74

Salisbury, Earl, 64, 130 n., 150, 151, 155, 159, 223, 227 n., 359 n., 360;

on 100-mile limit, 541

Salisbury, Marquis of, on territorial sea, 592, 731

Salisbury, Miss E., 45 n.

Salmon fishing, 26, 233, 234, 235

Салют. См. Салютование.

Sandwich, 73;

Knut’s grant of, 542

Sandwich, Earl of, 438, 463, 472

Saracens, 5, 339

Sarpi, on territorial sea, 547

Savage, Viscount, 239 n.

Savoy, Duke of, 540

Scania, 34, 362 n.;

decline of herring fishery at, 61

Scarborough, 49, 89, 108, 142, 247, 250, 256, 273, 274, 322;

castle, 64

Scaw, three-mile limit at, varies, 640 n.

Schaep, Dutch ambassador, 391

Schelde, 28

Scheveningen, 460

Schiedam, 78, 79, 318, 397 n.

Schmalz, on territorial sea, 597

Scilly Isles, 269, 390, 398, 399

Scotland, 48, 49, 59, 88;

Draft Treaty of Union with England, 1604, 84, 192, 223, 227, 228, 230, 232, 694;

fish exported from, 61;

fisheries of, 93;

importance of, 76;

claim to, 76, 82;

exclusive spirit as to, 76;

policy towards, 82;

договоры относительно, 75–82;

foreigners at West Coast fishings, 83, 130;

jealousy of foreign fishermen, 77, 124;

fishing in bays and lochs prohibited, 202;

attacks on Dutch fishermen, 77;

complaints against Dutch fishermen, 144, 168, 177, 201, 234, 301;

complaints against French fishermen, 606, 617;

Dutch edicts re fishing, 201;

старые рыболовные пределы, 226–229;

old limit against Dutch, 83, 84;

herring fishery in, 59, 61, 76, 79, 83, 143, 221 n.;

extra-territorial jurisdiction in, 698;

instructions of Privy Council re assize herrings, 757;

fishery Acts, 76;

fishery scheme, 225, 227;

fishery society, 444;

fishing in lochs claimed, 218;

“land fishing” described, 222 and n.;

видимость земли, см. Видимость земли;

limits of territorial sea, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230;

limit of 14 miles in Draft Treaty of Union, 223;

limit of two leagues fixed by Dutch, 605, 606;

reserved waters, 77, 84, 209, 211, 218, 220, 222, 223, 226-230, 234, 236-238, 445, 547

Scotland, royal burghs, 76, 216, 217, 220, 221;

ask that the Dutch be removed within a land-kenning, 221;

and fishery society, 445;

oppose assize herrings, 166;

territoriality of firths, 692;

trawling restrictions on, 715, 716;

Fishery Board empowered to restrict, 717;

Bill to extend prohibition of, 720;

Act fixing thirteen-mile limit for, 720;

treaties with the Dutch, 188 n.

Scotland, Sea Fisheries Regulation Act, 1895, 592

Scott, Thomas, 284

Скотт, сэр Уильям. См. Стоуэлл, лорд.

Scottish Seas, the, 226

Scudamore, Lord, 272

Sea, appropriation of, 537, 539;

in Middle Ages, 3;

reasons for, 5;

Roman law on, 539, 541;

opinions of Italian jurists, 101, 104;

opinions of modern jurists on, 552;

Bynkershoek, 555;

Callis, 363;

Lord Chief-Justice Coke on, 363;

Gentilis on, 358, 359;

Graswinckel on, 411, 412;

Loccenius, 550;

Puffendorf, 550;

Lord Salisbury on, 361;

Селден, 370–374;

Lord Stair, 545 n.;

Vattel, 560

Море, исчерпаемость ресурсов. См. Рыболовство.

Sea, “High Seas,” 50, 54

Sea, insecurity of, 5, 6, 30, 53, 54, 57, 70, 247-257

Sea, measures for guarding, 31, 32, 33, 34

Море, суверенитет. См. Суверенитет.

Sea of England, 7, 8, 9, 11, 20, 31, 41, 101, 209;

extent of, 15, 16, 54, 55, 56;

seizure of ships in, by Grimbald, 49, 50;

sovereign lordship of, 43, 46, 51, 54, 55;

Callis on, 363;

Plowden on, 102;

terms applied to, 16, 17;

«Два моря», 17;

«Три моря», 17;

the “Four Seas,” 17, 18, 251

Sea, property in bed of, 362

Seaforth, Earl of, 216, 220, 221, 222 n.

Sealing, 695, 696

Seals, 88

Моря британские, протяженность, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 26, 208, 264 и с., 381, 418, 419, 429, 431–437, 459 с., 465, 466 и с., 469, 470, 477, 495, 505, 506 и с., 510, 515, 521;

Admiralty on, 437, 438;

reluctance of Admiralty to define, 20, 264 and n.;

boundaries intentionally left undefined, 20;

Ди о протяженности, 101–103;

dispute as to extent of, 437;

Richard Cromwell on extent of, 438;

Thurloe on extent of, 434;

Trinity House on extent of, 20, 477, 478;

on striking in, 469, 470, 501-505;

claim to, gradually died out, 21

Sebastian, King, 107

Secretary for Scotland, 219, 227 n., 232

Seine, 26, 28

Seines, Bill to prohibit, within ten miles, 444 n.

Селден, 11, 17, 20, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 39, 41, 43, 44, 45 с., 48, 49, 55, 56, 62, 64 с., 66, 119 с., 183, 186 с., 213, 251, 254, 258 с., 279, 286, 305, 352 с., 353, 363, 410 с., 456, 469, 546, 550, 551;

controversy with Graswinckel, 411, 412;

imprisonment and release of, 367;

requested by Charles to write Mare Clausum, 366;

on British seas, 19;

on English sovereignty of sea, 373, 374;

on exhaustibility of sea, 372;

Mare Clausum, 11, 20, 254, 258 n., 315 n., 330, 389, 425, 456, 502, 504, 509 n., 543;

history of, 365, 366;

publication of, 288, 367;

political importance of, 368, 369;

importance of, in English law, 369, 374;

satisfaction of Charles with, 368, 369;

аргументы, 369–374;

anxiety in Holland about, 374, 375;

translated, 410

Semeyns, Meynert, 242 n.

Servat, William, 50

Seven Stones Rocks, territoriality of, 642, 643

Shaftesbury, Earl of, 492;

on the Dutch, 506

Sheerness seized by Dutch, 459

Шетландские острова, 4, 76, 88, 89, 90 с., 108, 113, 126, 129, 131, 151, 165, 169, 180, 201, 215, 221, 227, 230, 234, 238, 241, 406, 443, 534

Shields, 84

Ship-money, 324, 329, 379

Ship-money fleet, first, 256, 259 n.;

object of, 260, 264, 265;

proceedings of, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274;

failure of, 274, 275.

См. Линдси.

Second, 286;

its object, 287, 288;

opinion of Admiralty on convoying foreign vessels, 288, 289, 762;

on protecting foreign licensed fishermen, 288, 762;

proceedings of fleet, 290, 291, 295-301, 307-311;

failure to meet with French, 290;

instructions of Charles as to foreign fishermen, 295;

licenses distributed to Dutch herring busses, 298, 300, 308;

amount received as convoy and license-money, 309, 310, 311.

См. Нортумберленд.

Third, 319, 323.

Fourth, 327.

Ship-money writs, 36 n., 211, 253, 254, 286

Ships, impressment of, 32

Shookius, 550

Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, 520

Shrewsbury, Duke of, 520

Sicily, 29

Skagerrack, 438 and n.;

territoriality of, 636, 653

Sleeve, the, 260

Slingsby, Capt., 327

Sluys, battle of, 36, 37, 38

Smeerenburg, 194 n.

Smith, Captain John, 312 n., 494

Smith, Lieut. Thomas, dismissed for forcing French to strike, 521

Smith, Northumberland’s Secretary, 328, 331, 332

Smith, Simon, 242 n., 244 n., 442, 443 n., 448

Smyrna fleet, 485, 486, 487

Society of Fishing Merchants, 138, 159

Solebay, battle of, 489

Solinus, 25

Somerset, Earl of, 56 n.

Зоммельсдейк, лорд. См. Аерссен.

Sound, the sovereignty over, 4, 8, 16, 108;

toll levied at the, 4, 8, 35, 91, 108, 110, 154, 190, 339, 501

South America, territorial sea, 661

Southampton, 68, 73, 94

Southwold, 90 n., 534

“Sovereign of the Seas,” the, 28, 326

Sovereignty of the sea, among ancients, 371 n., 373

Sovereignty of sea, decadence of claim to, 15, 517, 522, 523, 566

Sovereignty of sea, juridical controversies about, 5, 410-413;

liberty of navigation, 8, 11, 33, 34, 54.

См. Судоходство.

Sovereignty of the sea, meaning of, 2;

striking as a symbol of, 39

Sovereignty of sea, treatises on, 364 n.

Sovereignty of the sea, Barrère on, 595;

Blackstone, 580 n.;

Боро, 364–366;

Champagne, 595, 596;

Chitty, 580 n.;

Secretary Coke, 272;

Cromwell, 423, 424;

Dr Dee, 99, 103;

De Witt, 454, 468, 470;

Evelyn, 514;

English writers, 493, 494, 513;

Gentilis, 359;

Hall, 580 n.;

Hargrave, 580 n.;

Italian jurists, 6;

Jenkins, 484 n.;

Loccenius, 550;

Molloy, 514;

Moore, 580 n.;

naval historians on, 521;

Селден, 370–374;

Стабб, 496–498;

Wicquefort, 495;

Baltic, 4, 33, 552;

Bothnian Gulf, 4

Sovereignty of sea, Denmark, 4, 8, 16, 33, 105, 108, 158, 339, 371, 376, 530, 552, 567;

contested by Elizabeth, 86;

England, origin of English claims, 6, 29, 30;

nature of, 8, 30;

defects of, 33;

early history of, 25;

under ancient Britons, 25, 26;

under Romans, 25, 365;

under Anglo-Saxons, 26;

under King Edgar, 27;

before Norman Conquest, 27;

after Norman Conquest, 29;

under Plantagenet Kings, 30, 40, 51, 52;

rolls concerning, 8, 43, 44, 45, 740, 744;

not claimed, by Tudors, 86, 111;

importance of claim under Stuarts, 9, 10, 118;

claimed as a prerogative of the crown, 211;

aimed against Dutch, 10, 125;

extravagant claims under Charles I., 209, 251, 264, 274;

under the Commonwealth, 378-382, 394, 395, 409, 412;

under Charles II., 441, 458, 487, 488;

decadence of claim, 15, 517, 522, 523;

of France, 287;

of Genoa, 4, 339, 341, 371;

of Norway, 4, 16, 530;

of Pisans, 371;

Poland, 4, 377;

Portugal, 5, 105-108, 112, 338, 339, 341, 371, 552;

Spain, 5, 105-108, 112, 118, 158, 330, 339, 341, 371, 552;

Sweden, 4, 350, 552;

Tuscans, 371;

Venice, 3, 4, 8, 16, 33, 338, 339, 341, 350, 351, 351 n., 371, 552, 566

Соу. См. Зоу.

Испания, 20, 30, 33, 45, 57, 87, 91, 95, 107, 189, 198, 199, 203, 205, 212, 245, 247, 253, 255, 264, 266, 268, 275, 286, 304, 493;

claim to sovereignty of sea, 5, 86, 105-108, 112, 118, 188, 339;

fisheries, 92;

area of fishing-grounds, 738;

foreign trawlers at, 713;

fishermen of, on British coasts, 67, 129, 150;

peace with England, 125, 358;

war with United Provinces, 9, 119, 139, 148, 201, 243 n., 251;

территориальное море, 644–668;

limits of, 569, 664;

Customs limit, 594;

disputes with Great Britain and United States as to territorial sea, 664, 665

Spaniards forced to strike, 117, 206

Spanish Netherlands, 266, 272, 275

Spanish whalers at Spitzbergen, 182, 183 n.

Spelman, 27

Spitzbergen, 4;

whaling at, 112, 164, 181, 182-185, 193, 194, 194 n., 198, 199, 200, 527.

См. также Гренландия.

Spragge, Sir Edward, 485, 489

Sprat fishery, 133

Stair, Lord, on territorial limit, 545 n.

Star Chamber, 243

Start, the, 260

State merchant, 136

States-General of the United Provinces, 84, 178, 186, 190, 192, 258, 292, 343, 351, 415, 481;

conclude treaty with James VI., 81;

conclude peace with Spain, 148;

consider James’s proclamation on unlicensed fishing, 148, 150;

decide to maintain freedom of fishing on British coast, 151;

send embassy to James about, 155;

arguments used, 155, 159;

proclamation suspended, 159;

apologise for the capture of Brown, 173;

send the Captain responsible to London, 174;

издание эдикта, запрещающего их рыбакам чинить препятствия шотландским рыбакам, 179:

negotiations with James, 189;

споры о китобойном промысле у Шпицбергена, 181–185;

send another embassy to London, 185;

no instructions as to fishery question, 188, 189;

order their fishermen to keep out of sight of shore, 193;

send another embassy to James, 199;

again without instructions as to fishery question, 199, 200;

renew their edicts and order their fishermen not to go too near Scottish coast, 201;

proceedings regarding licenses of Charles I., 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 312, 313, 314, 315;

instructions to Evertsen as to striking, 399;

to Tromp, 399, 402 n., 405;

send Van Dorp to protect the busses from Northumberland, 300;

order Van Dorp to prevent acceptance of licenses, 312, 313;

send Aerssen van Sommelsdijck as ambassador, 336;

о книге Селдена «Mare Clausum», 375;

resolve to increase their fleet, 393;

and question of striking, 390, 392;

attitude to the Parliament, 381;

send ambassador to London, 384;

переговоры со Сент-Джоном, 384–391;

another embassy to London, 391;

consider and postpone question of striking, 392, 399;

resolve to strengthen their fleet, 393;

negotiations interrupted by Tromp’s encounter with Blake, 397;

disown Tromp’s action, 405;

instruct him to strike, 405;

send the Grand Pensionary to London, 405;

recall ambassador and prepare for war, 405, 406;

send four deputies to the Parliament, 415;

переговоры о мире, 414–435;

peace concluded, 435

States-General and Charles II., action on fishery Bill, 449, 450, 451;

embargo on fisheries, 460, 462;

propose freedom of fishing during war, 461, 462;

differences with France as to, 463;

decision as to striking, 469, 481;

orders to their men-of-war on striking, 473;

drawn into dispute about striking, 482;

yield as to striking, 483, 484;

sue for peace, 490;

terms offered, 490;

reject terms, 491;

переговоры о мире, 498–506;

peace concluded, 508

Штаты-генерал. См. Голландцы, Нидерланды, Соединенные Провинции.

States of Holland, 151, 155, 190, 303, 375, 384, 398, 407, 414

Stebbing, 127 n.

Stephens, Violet, 139

Stewart, Lord Robert, 169 n.

Stirling, Viscount, 239 n.

Stornoway, 216, 242

Stowell, Lord, decisions respecting territorial limit, 577, 578, 641 n., 681, 682;

on three-mile limit, 641 n.

Straddling, Captain, 207 n., 282, 327

Па-де-Кале (пролив Дувр). См. Дувр.

Strange, Lady, 283

Stratherne, Earl of, 239 n.

Strauchius, 550

Strickland, Walter, 384, 392, 429

Striking as an acknowledgment of maritime sovereignty, 3, 210;

origin of, 7, 42, 207;

first instance of, 43;

ординация Иоанна, 39–43;

under Tudors, 116;

under Henry VIII., 116;

opposed by French, 117;

under Elizabeth, 117, 204;

при Якове I, 204–208

Striking under Charles I., 11, 12, 210, 212;

becomes very prominent, 276;

arrogance of English officers regarding, 280, 281, 282;

under Commonwealth, 378, 380, 381;

under Charles II., 496;

James II. and after, 552;

decay of claim to, 327, 518, 519, 522;

abandoned after Trafalgar, 15, 523;

Admiralty instructions concerning, 260, 261, 277, 278, 380-383, 456, 469, 523 n.

Striking, rules and customs of, 206-208, 277, 278, 398, 463, 464, 466, 469-472, 481;

not well understood, 277, 456, 466, 469, 470, 478, 479

Striking at foreign ports and coasts, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 327, 381, 473, 477, 557;

before forts, 256, 279, 280, 472;

in British seas, 502, 503;

in Mediterranean, 327, 413, 456, 468, 473, 488;

in narrow seas, 206, 207 n., 208, 277, 402

Striking by merchant vessels, 206, 207, 282, 513;

British, 260, 275, 283, 284, 285, 519;

foreign, 207, 275, 513

Striking by Danes, 266, 282;

claim to, by Danes, 473, 520;

by Dunkirkers, 275, 282, 327

Салютование (страйк) голландцами, 12, 13, 117, 204, 205, 208, 267, 269, 270, 276, 277, 279, 280, 281, 300, 327, 328, 330, 334, 383, 390, 392, 397, 398, 400–403, 437, 438, 449, 452, 455–457, 466–469, 472, 473, 477–481, 485, 486, 490, 491 с., 495, 501, 510–513, 520;

States-General consider question, 390, 392, 397;

De Witt’s proposals regarding, 467, 468, 469, 470;

салютование фрегату или кетчу, 468–470;

question of whole fleet to single ship, 477, 478, 479, 482;

terms offered Dutch, 490, 491 n.;

offer to strike in all seas, 432, 505, 506, 510;

by Dutch to French, 276 and n.;

by English to Dutch, 512

Салютование (страйк) французами, 117, 204, 212, 267, 270 и с., 271, 272, 275, 276, 279, 280, 283, 291, 313, 327, 332, 333, 471, 477, 488, 512, 513, 518, 520, 521;

French demand salute from English vessels, 212;

force English merchant vessels to strike, 268, 277, 283, 327;

by Hamburgers, 117;

by Spaniards, 205, 327, 330, 477;

by English to Spaniards, 512;

by Swedes, 382, 455, 456 n., 520

Striking, Bynkershoek on, 556;

Jenkins on, 480, 481;

jurists on, 557;

Molloy on, 515;

Wicquefort on, 495;

Duke of York on, 469

Striking, treaties regarding, 382, 455, 508, 517, 522-572 n.

Striking, arrangement between Charles and Louis, 488

Striking, arrangement between France and the United Provinces proposed, 452

Striking, differences between French and Dutch as to, 452, 463

Striking, French edicts on, 513

Striking, Richelieu’s proposals, 271, 272

Striking, Tromp’s memorandum on, 398, 770

Stuarts, the, 9, 57, 65, 118, 378

Stubbe, Henry, on sovereignty of sea, 496, 497, 498

Sturgeon, 66, 88, 363

Stypmannus, 550

Suffolk, 63, 94, 101, 248, 462

Suffolk, Earl of, 227

Sully, Duke of, 204

Sunderland, 249

Sweden, 60, 62, 142, 158, 358, 474, 490, 498;

asks for and obtains liberty of fishing in British seas, 427;

claim to sovereignty of sea, 4, 350, 377;

and striking, 208, 382;

territorial sea, 653, 664, 669, 674, 675;

method of computing, 669;

Customs limit, 594;

declines to adhere to North Sea Convention, 636

Taurus, case of, 640

Taxation of foreign fishermen, 203

Teind fish, 195, 196

Temple, Lady, 478, 479, 480

Temple, Sir William, 470, 481;

on striking, 467, 468;

concludes Triple Alliance, 474;

recalled from The Hague, 476;

negotiates peace, 508;

on the article regarding striking, 509, 510

Territorial sea, agreements between Great Britain and Germany, 634, 652;

Anglo-Danish Convention concerning Iceland and Faroes, 647, 648;

boundaries begin to be fixed, 554, 573;

by treaty, 526, 565;

Gulf Stream as a boundary, 575, 650;

British Foreign Office on, 665, 667 and n., 730, 731, 732, 738;

wishes territorial waters in North Sea to remain undefined, 632, 633, 634;

Parliamentary Committee recommend extension of, 707 and n.

Территориальное море, заливы и губы, 77, 348, 544, 545, 547, 548, 552, 574, 575, 581, 585, 589, 598, 599, 601–603, 610, 614, 619 с., 622–630, 632–634, 639, 649, 652, 666, 668, 670, 678, 718, 723, 725, 726, 730;

of Bengal, 625;

Biscay, 564, 625;

Bothnia, Gulf of, 564;

Канкаль, см. Гранвиль;

Chaleurs, 623, 624, 628, 629, 630, 692;

Conception, 588, 589;

Delaware, 574, 599, 629;

Фанди, 623–625;

Granville, 612, 619, 692;

Hudson’s, 561;

of Argentina, 661;

Norway, 670, 672, 674, 677;

Scotland, firths, 222, 223, 230, 233, 239, 545, 622, 692;

Moray Firth, 721.

См. также Рыболовство и Королевские палаты.

Territorial sea, British Foreign Office on, 629, 730, 731 and n., 732, 733;

delimitation of North American, 622, 627-630;

French Government on, 632;

Hague Tribunal on, 732;

Institut de Droit International on, 691, 775;

International Law Association on, 691, 775;

inter fauces terræ, 544, 547;

measurement of, 639;

old English law regarding, 547;

omitted in Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, 593;

principles regarding, 548;

six-mile line for, 627, 629, 630, 632, 730, 731;

treaty stipulation in 1521, 548;

usage regarding, 547, 548

Territorial sea, closed seas, 339, 564, 572, 582, 584, 585, 598, 657;

straits, 547, 561, 564, 586, 692, 776

Territorial sea, Dano-Swedish limit in Baltic, 655;

решения судов относительно протяженности, 585–592;

definitions in Acts, 589, 591, 718;

in Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, 591, 592

Territorial sea, not absolutely defined by any State, 651, 652, 657, 660

Territorial sea, not defined by Great Britain, 593

Territorial sea, discussion between Spain, Great Britain, and United States, 665

Territorial sea, discussion as to limit in North Sea, 632, 633, 634

Territorial sea, distinction between limit under international law and in treaties, 644;

between exclusive fishery limit and territorial limit, 644, 660;

различие между «побережьями» и «заливами», 622;

значение термина «побережья», 641 с.

Territorial sea, historical evolution of, 537

Territorial sea, in peace and war, 636, 651, 665

Territorial sea, in relation to fisheries, 693;

for “floating” fish, 698;

for coral, 684, 695, 697;

oysters, 611, 612, 619, 620, 621, 697;

pearls, 560, 697;

seals, 662, 663, 695, 696;

whales, 674, 695, 696;

exclusive fishery limit, 639;

on British and Irish coasts, 646, 647;

outside the North Sea, 643, 644, 645, 646;

extra-territorial regulations, 657, 661, 662, 663, 695, 699, 704, 707, 708, 716, 720, 725, 726, 727;

international regulations, 733, 734, 735;

trawling, 698, 707, 735;

jurisdiction for Customs, 593-595, 609, 665, 676, 679 n.;

для общественного здравоохранения и судов для перевозки рабов, 593–595;

under common law of England, 546;

over foreigners, 589, 590, 591;

navigation in, 78, 676

Territorial sea, need of distinguishing different rights in, 690;

нейтральные воды, декреты в отношении, 569–570;

proposed limit for, 690, 775

Territorial sea, possession of opposite shores, 35, 43;

принцип тальвега или серединной линии, 541–544

Territorial sea, proposals of International Law Association, 690-692, 774;

question of banks and flats, 633, 634, 635, 639, 640 and n., 641 n.;

of consistency of soil, 641 n.;

of depth, 562;

of islands, 618, 634, 639, 641 n.;

of rocks and islets, 641-643, 649;

of tide-marks, 579, 641, 652, 659, 661, 666, 669 and n.;

of true boundary of, 539;

Scottish firths, 692;

статуты, касающиеся, 589–594

Territorial sea, usage in seventeenth century, 552;

in eighteenth, 566;

modern, 650

Territorial sea, modern usage, Algeria, 657;

Argentine Republic, wide claim by, 661, 662, 663;

in Rio de la Plata, 663;

Austria-Hungary, 572, 658;

in Behring Sea, 585, 695 and n., 696;

Belgium, 658;

Chili, 661;

Cuba, 665;

Denmark, 528, 529, 530, 538, 567, 568, 653, 655, 664;

in Cattegat, 653;

Iceland and Faroes, 647, 648;

Skagerrack, 636, 653;

France, 657;

Germany, 652;

Great Britain, origin of, 538;

в Бристольском заливе, 586–588;

at Bell Rock, 642;

at Eddystone, 641, 642, 643;

at Seven Stones Rocks, 642, 643;

British colonies, 661;

British N. America, 531;

Greece, 661;

Italy, 659;

Japan, 661;

Netherlands, 658;

in Zuiderzee, 635, 636;

Norway, 457, 528, 538, 568, 653, 664, 669-681, 685;

method of measuring, 669, 670, 685;

rejects three-mile limit, 633, 636, 678, 681;

reasons for wide limit, 676, 677;

in Varangerfjord, 674;

in Vestfjord, Lofotens, 672-674, 677;

special limits in, 671, 672, 678, 679;

Portugal, 538, 569, 664, 668;

Russia, 656;

White Sea, 564, 657;

Scandinavian limit, 528, 567 and n., 653, 655;

Spain, 538, 569, 664-668;

South America, 661;

Sweden, 538, 653, 664, 669, 674, 675;

method of computing in, 669;

United States, 661;

various limits claimed by, 575;

Uruguay, 663;

Venice, 571

Territorial sea, opinions of publicists in first part eighteenth century on, 565, 566;

of recent publicists, 603, 605, 681, 688, 689

Territorial sea, opinions of Abreu y Bertodano, 559;

Aschehoug, 686, 688;

Auber, 691;

Azuni, 564, 565;

on Bays, 565;

Bishop, 683, 689;

Bluntschli, 682, 688;

Bodin, 540;

Burgus, 550;

Bynkershoek, 555, 556;

on range of vision, 546;

Calvo, 682, 688;

Casaregi, 558;

Lord Chelmsford, 586;

Chitty, 597;

Conringius, 550;

Baron de Courcel, 664 n.;

Craig, 357;

Dana, 683, 689;

Desjardins, 685, 688;

Lord Dunedin, 724;

Ferguson, 684, 689;

Fiore, 684, 689;

Lord Fitzmaurice, 630, 730, 731;

Galiani, 563;

Gentilis, 540;

Graswinckel, 550;

Sir Edward Grey, 732;

Grotius, 549;

on range of vision, 545;

Lord Guthrie, 723;

Chief-Justice Hale, 543;

Hall, 687, 689;

Halleck, 683, 689;

Lord Halsbury, 592;

Lord Hatherly, 586 n.;

Hautefeuille, 601, 688;

Heffter, 600, 689;

Lord Herschell, 692 n.;

Holland, 691;

Hübner, 562;

Kent, 599, 689;

Kleen, 685;

Klüber, 597, 688;

Lord Kyllachy, 725;

Lampredi, 563;

Latour, 595, 685;

Lawrence, 683, 688;

Leoni Levi, 664 n.;

Loccenius, 550;

Lord Loreburn, 732;

Lushington, 586 n.;

Manning, 600, 689;

Massé, 602, 688;

de Martens, 686, 688;

G. F. von Martens, 563;

on bays, 564;

on straits, 564;

Moore, 691 n.;

Moser, 562;

Sir John Nicholl, 586;

Oppenheim, 688;

Ortolan, 600, 688;

Perels, 684, 688;

Phillimore, 682, 688, 689;

Pistoye and Duverdy, 602, 688;

Pontanus, 550;

Pradier-Fodéré, 684, 688;

Puffendorf, 550;

on bays and gulfs, 551;

Rayneval, 596;

Reddie, 600;

Lord Salisbury, 592;

Sarpi, 547;

Schmalz, 597, 688;

Shookius, 550;

Lord Stowell, 641 n.;

Strauchius, 550;

Sir Travers Twiss, 683, 689, 691 n.;

Valin, 562;

Vattel, 560, 689;

on bays, 561;

on straits, 561;

Lord Wensleydale, 586 n.;

Westlake, 691 n.;

Wheaton, 598, 689;

Wolff, 559, 689;

Woolsey, 683, 689;

opinions of early English lawyers, 539;

of early Italian jurists, 539;

of Institut de Droit International, 689-692, 774;

of International Law Association, 689-692, 774;

of judges in Franconia case, 590

Территориальное море. Различные пределы, предложенные или принятые для различных целей:

Three-mile limit, proposed by Galiani, 563;

by Azuni, 565;

introduced for neutrality by United States, 573, 574;

introduced into English jurisprudence, 576, 577;

originated in neutral rights, 694;

applied to fisheries, 581;

confusion of, with range of guns, 591 and n., 598, 682, 683, 689;

not equivalent to range of guns, 21, 576;

обсуждение, 650–652;

generally adopted through influence of the United States and Great Britain, 21, 681;

an Anglo-American doctrine, 681, 684;

not generally accepted by publicists, 580, 680, 681, 688, 775;

common adoption of, 21, 650;

in some international fishery conventions, 581, 612, 614, 617, 619, 621, 634, 635, 647, 649, 652;

generally for fisheries, 616, 647, 663, 680;

inadequacy of, 21, 604, 615, 617, 651, 679, 682, 683, 686, 687, 690, 693, 694, 707 and n.;

in relation to next great maritime war, 22;

British Government on, 730, 732;

refuses to recognise jurisdiction beyond three miles, 663, 667 and n., 738;

wishes three-mile limit extended in war, 665;

rejected by four European States, 664;

refused by Norway, 633, 636, 678, 681;

complex on Norwegian coast, 672, 676

Four-mile limit, 653;

five miles, 575, 665, 691, 698, 715;

six miles, 559, 563, 565, 566, 575, 582, 605, 606, 664, 665, 690, 691, 694, 775;

adopted by International Law Association for Fisheries, 690, 775;

limit for Dutch on Scottish coast, 605, 606;

eight miles, 665, 694;

nine miles, 563, 564 n., 608 and n., 611, 618, 679, 679 n., 691, 698, 737;

on French coast, 608 n., 609;

recommended by English trawlers for North Sea, 702;

ten miles, 665, 668, 687, 694, 696, 698, 707, 737;

in Argentina, 661;

recommended for North Sea by English trawlers, 702;

twelve miles, 575, 593, 594, 662, 665, 668, 715;

thirteen miles, 703, 720, 738;

for fishery on Scottish coast, 720;

fourteen miles, 77, 84, 192, 193, 545, 694;

twenty-eight miles, 77, 84, 545;

thirty miles, 572, 696;

forty miles, 178, 585;

sixty miles, 3, 540, 696;

eighty miles, 79, 355;

100 miles, 3, 169, 353, 360, 373, 539, 541, 559;

claimed by Russia in Behring Sea, 582

Range of guns, 21, 349, 549, 552, 593, 646, 658, 660, 676, 681, 685-687, 690, 716;

first proposed by Dutch ambassadors, 156, 549;

Bynkershoek’s dictum on, 556;

merits of, 558;

установленные в договорах и декретах, 570–572;

generally adopted, 576;

incorporated in international law, 558;

generally accepted by publicists, 688;

the true principle of delimitation, 595, 602, 603;

and neutral rights, 557, 559, 571, 572;

and salute, 556, 557;

as “zone of respect,” 690, 775

Range of vision, 175, 193, 347, 544-546, 571, 574, 596, 602, 694;

defects of, 546;

adhered to by Dutch, 546;

claimed by Denmark, 529, 545;

proposed by some modern publicists, 546, 565, 600 (see Land-kenning);

subsistence limit of Sarpi, 547

Территориальные воды. См. Территориальное море.

Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, 580 n., 590, 591, 592, 717, 718, 731

Teutonic invaders, seafaring habits of, 26

Texel, 18, 409; battle of, 498

Тальвег. См. Серединная линия.

Thames, 49, 60, 76, 131, 133, 219, 443, 444, 459, 462, 472, 476

Thanet, 49, 68

Thorpe, 27, 28

Трехмильная зона. См. Территориальное море.

Three seas, 17

Thurloe, 432, 434, 436, 497, 498 n.

Десятина от улова рыбы. См. Рыба.

Tlieff, Captain Andrees, 171, 174, 175

Брамсельные паруса, спуск. См. Салютование.

Tordesillas, treaty of, 5, 106

Traders, hostilities between, 53, 54

Trafalgar, 15

Траление. См. Рыболовство.

Treaties, England and Burgundy, 1405, 1408, 69;

1417, 70;

1439, 70;

1467, 71;

1478, 72;

1496 (Intercursus Magnus), 72;

1499, 73;

1506, 73;

1515, 73;

1520, 73;

and Castile, 1351, 67;

and Denmark, 1468, 110;

1490, 109;

1523, 109;

1583, 110;

and Flanders, 1320, 55;

and France, 1303, 44-46, 49;

1403, 67;

1471, 72;

1528, 75;

and Portugal, 1353, 67;

1439, 70;

and United Provinces, 1585, 433;

Scotland and the Emperor, 1541, 78;

1550, 79, 179;

Scotland and the Netherlands, 1291, 1321, 1323, 1371, 1401, 1407, 1412, 1416, 76;

1531, 1541, 188 n.;

and United Provinces, 1594, 81, 157, 169, 173, 188 n., 257, 388;

Great Britain and Belgium, 1852, 617, 645;

1882, 637;

and Denmark, 1882, 637;

1901, 647, 740;

and France, 1686, 526, 622;

1786, 572;

1839, 612;

1867, 619;

1882, 637;

and Germany, 1882, 637;

and Mexico, 1888, 679 n.;

and the Netherlands, 1625, 433;

1654, 435, 436, 455;

1662, 455;

1674, 508;

1689, 517;

1784, 522;

1882, 637;

and Russia, 1825, 583;

and Spain, 1630, 425;

1790, 573;

and Sweden, 427;

and United States, 1783, 622;

1794, 574, 622;

1814, 581;

1818, 581, 627;

1854, 625;

1871, 627;

1888, 628;

Denmark and Sweden, 1780, 572 n.;

1899, 655, 675;

France and Algeria, 1689, 527, 573;

Burgundy, 1468, 71;

the Emperor, 1521, 74, 119;

Russia, 1787, 572;

and United Provinces, 1635, 276;

1662, 453;

Norway and Mexico, 1886, 594, 679;

Porte and Naples, 1740, 546;

Russia, Denmark, and Sweden, 1780, 572 n.;

and the two Sicilies, 1787, 572;

and the United Provinces and Prussia, 1781, 572 n.;

Spain and Morocco, 1861, 668;

and Portugal, 1494, 106;

1878, 1885, 1893, 665, 666;

and Tripoli, 1784, 572;

and the United Provinces, 1609, 148, 344, 350 n.;

United States and Morocco, 1785, 572;

and Russia, 1824, 583

Treaties concerning fishery, British North America, 526, 531, 532, 574, 622, 625, 627, 628

Договоры, гарантирующие свободу рыболовства у английских берегов, 66–74

Treaty of Antwerp, 148, 344, 350 n.;

of Breda, 464, 465;

of Dover, 475;

of Ryswick, 466 n.;

of Southampton, 388;

of Tordesillas, 5, 106;

of Troyes, 8, 35;

of Union, England and Scotland, 1604, 192, 545;

of Utrecht, 531

Treport, 65, 426

Trinity House, 114, 120, 447;

on limits of King’s Chambers, 9, 753;

on extent of British Seas, 20, 465 n., 477, 478;

on jurisdiction of Cinque Ports in Channel, 544;

on striking, 477

Triple Alliance, 467, 471, 474, 476, 481, 483, 490

Tromp, Lieut.-Admiral Martin Harpentz, 329, 390, 395, 408, 411 n., 415, 422, 436, 477, 511;

attacks Oquendo in the Straits of Dover, 330;

in the Downs, 245, 331;

strikes to English, 330, 334;

his letter to Pennington, 334;

commands Dutch fleet, 329;

puts to sea to prevent search of Dutch vessels, 397;

no instructions as to striking, 397, 399;

his memorandum on striking, 398, 770;

reluctance to strike, 400, 401, 403, 404;

encounter with Blake, 12, 207 n., 397, 403, 404, 421;

correspondence with Blake, 404 n., 771;

story of broom, 408, 409

Tudors, 85, 86, 87, 118

Tunny fishery, 142, 504

Tweedmouth, Lord, 691, 720

Twee Gebroeders, case of, 576, 577, 641 n.

Twiss, Sir Travers, 39, 40, 41, 42, 52 n., 53, 312 n., 689, 691 n.

Two seas, 17

Tynemouth, 214

Tyrrhenian Sea, sovereignty of, 371

Соединенные Провинции, 9, 12–14, 81, 119, 125, 126 с., 151, 157, 170, 179, 187, 191, 197, 198, 201, 243 с., 246, 251, 253, 257, 264, 265, 275, 288, 301, 302, 304, 340, 342, 364, 384, 399, 405, 416, 441, 454, 460, 470, 474, 517, 527–529.

См. Штаты-генерал, голландцы, Нидерланды.

Соединенные Штаты Америки, споры и переговоры относительно британских североамериканских рыболовных промыслов, 532, 581, 621–630, 731 и с.;

regarding Behring Sea, 541, 583, 584, 695 n.;

territorial sea, 599, 661;

fixes three miles for neutrality, 21, 93, 573, 574;

various limits claimed, 574, 575, 650;

influence of, in adoption of three-mile limit, 650

Uruguay, territorial sea, 663

Ushant, 103, 290, 399, 437

Utrecht, 81; treaty of, 531, 582

Vagabonds, 98

Valck, Jacob, 81

Valin, on territorial sea, 562

Vane, Sir Henry, 269, 414, 422 n., 439

Varangerfjord, 674, 695

Vardö, or Vardöhuus, 86, 97 n., 108, 109, 110

Васкес. См. Васкиус.

Vasquius, Ferdinand, on dominion of sea, 341, 351, 353

Vattel, on territorial sea, 560;

on appropriation of fisheries, 561

Venice, 30, 91, 186 n., 191;

sea sovereignty of, 3, 4 and n., 16, 33, 54, 107, 158, 339, 341, 350, 351, 361, 371, 540, 547, 552;

limit of territorial sea, 571

Vestfjord, 672, 677

Vic, M. de, Vice-Admiral of France, 204

Violation of ports, 247, 249, 250

Virginia, 388

Visit and search and gun range, 557

Visitation of English ships, 268

Wagenaar, 80, 167 n., 311 n.

Walderswick, 90 n.

Walker, Sir Richard, 280

Walmer Castle, 279

Warbeck, Perkin, 72, 387

Вардхаус. См. Вардё.

Warwick, Earl of, 206 n, 276, 379, 380

Wash, the, 18

Washington, George, 573, 681

Wells, 90

Welwood, William, 342 n., 343, 371, 546, 551;

on appropriation of the sea, 353;

dominion of the sea, 354;

exhaustibility of sea, 355;

on Grotius, 352;

on limit for Dutch on Scottish coast, 79, 84;

sea laws of Scotland, 352;

attack on, by Graswinckel, 412

Wensleydale, Lord, on territorial sea, 586 n.

Wentworth, Viscount, 227 n.

West Friesland, 453

Westlake, Professor, on territorial sea, 691 n.

Westmoney Islands, 109, 247

Weston, Lord, 227, 239 n., 241, 281

Weymouth, 268

Whale-fishing, 187, 189;

in Behring Sea, 585;

at Greenland, 407, 527-530;

at Jan Mayen, 527;

at Spitzbergen, 112, 164, 181-184, 193, 194 n., 200, 527;

in Varangerfjord, 674;

regulations, 695

Whales, right to, 66, 363

Wharton, 312 n.

Wheaton, on territorial sea, 598

Whestone, Admiral, 520

Whitby, 462

Whitelock, 414

White Sea, sealing at, 695;

territoriality of, 657;

trawling at, 680

Whitstable Fishery, case of, 586 n.

Wicklow, 63

Wicquefort, on sovereignty of sea, 495

Wilkins, 27

Willes, John, 43

William of Malmesbury, 27

Вильгельм III и суверенитет моря, 517–520

William the Lion, King, 59

Williamson, Sir Joseph, plenipotentiary at Cologne, 496, 497, 498, 511

Willoughby, 181, 183

Wilson, Thomas, 163 n.

Wimbledon, Viscount, 227 n.

Winchelsea, 37, 49, 50, 73

Windebank, 243, 250, 253, 263, 267, 287, 295, 302, 319, 320, 322, 323

Winwood, Sir Ralph, 130 n., 152, 162, 168, 172

Wolff, on territorial sea, 559

Wolseley, Sir Charles, 429

Wolsey, Cardinal, 74, 119, 548

Woolsey, on territorial sea, 683

Worcester, 27

Worcester, Earl of, 56 n.

Worsley, Dr Benjamin, 515

Wotton, 162

Wreck, right to, 66, 362, 363, 542

Ярмут, 34 с., 46 с., 49, 58, 60, 62, 73, 90, 96, 97 с., 100, 108, 126, 129, 130 с., 131, 133, 134, 143–145, 151, 162, 214, 247, 248, 249, 295, 307, 308, 391 с., 438, 455, 461, 462, 463, 515, 546

York, Duke of, 446, 448, 456, 457, 458, 469, 472, 485, 493, 516

Yorkshire, 133

Young, Captain, 207 n., 401, 402

Ypres, 71

Zealand, 45, 60, 62, 64, 71, 72, 73, 74 n., 75, 81, 88, 92, 94, 95, 125, 195

Zierikzee, 45 n.

Zorgdrager, 194 n.

Zouch, 515

Zowe, fishing-bank, 65 and n., 189 n., 276 n., 426 n., 440, 544, 749

Zuiderzee, territoriality of, 635

КОНЕЦ.

ОТПЕЧАТАНО УИЛЬЯМОМ БЛЭКВУДОМ И СЫНОВЬЯМИ.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ:

1 Обладание Венецией этого морского суверенитета символизировалось на протяжении многих веков ежегодной живописной церемонией «обручения» с Адриатикой. В день Вознесения дожа под звуки музыки везли на великолепной позоглаченной парадной барже, «Буцентавре», к каналу Лидо, где он бросал в воду кольцо, восклицая при этом: «Мы обручаем тебя, о море, в знак истинного и вечного господства» («Desponsamus te mare in signum veri perpetuique dominii»). В церемонии участвовали папский нунций и представители других государств.

2 Twiss, The Law of Nations in Time of War, 142. Maine, International Law, 76.

3 Twiss, op. cit., 143, 144. Reddie, Maritime International Law, i. 41.

4 Nicolas, Hist. Navy, i. 157.

5 «Il sera banny hors dAngleterre et de mer appartenant au roi dAngleterre», статья в Black Book, i. 58, относимая ко времени правления Генриха I (н. э. 1100–1135); «Ad piscandum in mari nostro, prope Jernemuth», Эдуард I, н. э. 1295, Fœdera, ii. 688; «la meer Dengleterre», н. э. 1306, Canc. Rolls, Misc. Treaties &c., Bd. 14, No. 15; «super mare Anglicanum» (Rot. Pat., 14 Edw. II., pt. ii. m. 26, d.), н. э. 1320 и т. д.; «partibus maris infra regnum nostrum Angliæ», н. э. 1317, Edw. II., Fœdera, iii. 469; н. э. 1406, Генрих IV, дарующий свободу рыболовства, «ubicumque supra mare, per et infra dominia, jurisdictiones, et districtus nostra»; «Seigneur de la mer», н. э. 1320, Fœdera, iii. 852; «reges Angliæ domini maris Anglicani circumquaque», н. э. 1336, Rot. Scot., i. 442; «domini maris et transmarini passagii», н. э. 1336, Fœdera, iv. 721; «le roi de la mier», н. э. 1372, Rot. Parl., ii. 311; «seigneurs del meer», н. э. 1420, ibid., iv. 126 и т. д.

6 Fœdera, xvi. 395; State Papers, Dom. 1604, 11, 40; Fœdera, xix. 211; Libelle of Englyshe Polycye; Dee, General and Rare Memorials, 6; State Papers, Dom. 1662, 66, 50, «Это фундаментальное положение Англии, согласно которому море, омывающее остров Великобритания, находится под тем же господством, что и сам остров»; «господство над окружающими морями».

7 Rot. Escheat., 41 Hen. III., н. э. 1259, упоминается у Кока, 1. 107 a; Брактон, Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliæ, lib. v. c. xxx. fol. 437 (н. э. ок. 1259); Statutes of the Realm, 18 Edw. I. Stat. 4 (н. э. 1290); Rot. Parl., 13 Ric. II., «deinz les quatre miers Dengleterre» и др.

8 Hall, On the Rights of the Crown in the Sea Shores of the Realm, p. 1.

9 «Хранитель трех морей Его Величества» (н. э. 1607). Cæsar Papers, MS. Brit. Mus. Lansd., 142, fol. 373.

10

“Thene here I ende of the comoditees

Ffor whiche nede is well to kepe the sees;

Este and weste, sowthe and northe they be;

And chefely kepe the sharpe narowe see,

Betwene Dover and Caleise.”

11 Acts of the Privy Council of England, N.S., i. 232, 242.

12 Winwood’s Memorials, iii. 50.

13 Mare Clausum, ii. c. xiii.

14 Selden, Mare Clausum, lib. i. c. viii., lib. ii. cc. ii.–viii.

15 Polyhistor., c. xxiv.

16 Mare Clausum, lib. ii. c. xi.

17 Mare Clausum, lib. ii. c. xii. «Canutus autem Rex suæ ditionis esse Oceanum Britannicum verbis expressissimis item est testatus». Принн использует тот же аргумент. Animadversions on Coke’s Fourth Institute, 88.

18 Изд. Петри, 395.

19 Gesta Regum Anglorum, i. 235; Eng. Hist. Soc. «Ego Edgarus totius Albionis Basileus nec non maritimorum seu insulanorum Regum circumhabitantium».

20 «Ego Edgardus Anglorum Basileus omniumque Regum insularum, Oceanique Britanniam circumjacentis cunctarumque nationum quæ infra eam includuntur Imperator et Dominus» и т. д. Dee, General and Rare Memorials, 58, 60; Selden, Mare Clausum, ii. c. xii. (цитата по хартии Inspeximus, Rot. Pat., 1 Edw. IV., m. 23); Prynne, op. cit., 87.

21 Concilia, i. 432.

22 Ibid., i. 239.

23 Codex Diplomaticus, ii. 404, vi. 237.

24 Diplomatarium Anglicum Ævi Saxonici, 211.

25 Cartularium Saxonicum, iii. 377.

26 «Insularum oceani quæ Brytanniam circumjacent».

27 Worsaae, An Account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland; Depping, Histoire des Expéditions maritimes des Normands; Beamish, The Discovery of America.

28 Burrows, Cinque Ports, 62, 81.

29 Cunningham, The Growth of English Industry and Commerce during the Early and Middle Ages, 173.

30 Twiss, The Law of Nations in Time of Peace, 244; ibid., In Time of War, 142.

31 См. стр. 51.

32 Mare Clausum, lib. ii. c. xiv.

33 «Pour garder la mere», «la garde du meer», «la sauve garde du meer», «pro custodia maris», «de custodia maritimæ» и др. См. Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council of England; Nicolas, History of the Royal Navy; Prynne, Animadversions.

34 Fœdera, i. 861; Nicolas, op. cit., i. 279, 437.

35 Twiss, The Law of Nations in Time of Peace, 245.

36 Vide Twiss, Black Book of the Admiralty, i. 420.

37 Op. cit., lib. ii. c. xviii.

38 Twiss, ibid., i. 64.

39 Nicolas, op. cit., i. 131, 231, ii. 45, 84, 130, 176; Rot. Pat., 65 (1206); Fœdera, i. 96 (1208).

40 Chronicles, ii. 497.

41 Op. cit., lib. ii. cc. xiii., xx.

42 Rot. Parl., iii. 46b; Nicolas, op. cit., ii. 260–280; Laughton, Studies in Naval History, 16–22. Ярмутский сельдяной промысел тяжело пострадал в эти годы, и рыбаки снаряжали и вооружали суда для собственной защиты — Chronicon Angliæ, ab A.D. 1328 usque ad annum 1388, p. 170, Rolls Series.

43 Op. cit., lib. ii. c. xv.

44 Rot. Parl., iii. 63b, 391a; Fœdera, vii. 220. «C’este l’ordinance et grante par l’advis des Marchaundz de Londres, et des autres Marchaundz vers la North, par assent de touz Communes de Parlement par devant le Comte de Northumberland et le Meair de Londres, pur la garde et tuicion du Mier» и т. д. Указанные пошлины проливают определенный свет на торговлю и рыболовство того периода: (1) все суда или каботижные суднушки, плавающие в морях в пределах юрисдикции северного адмиралтейства, должны были уплачивать пошлину в шесть пенсов с тонны вместимости за путь туда и обратно, за исключением тех, которые доставляли вина и товары из Фландрии в Лондон или перевозили шерсть и шкуры в Кале; (2) суда, груженные товарами купцов из Пруссии, Норвегии или Сконе (Скандинавия), должны были платить шесть пенсов с ласта; (3) суда, перевозившие уголь из Ньюкасла, должны были платить шесть пенсов с тонны каждые три месяца; (4) шесть пенсов в неделю с тонны должны были платить все суда, занимавшиеся ловлей сельди в пределах упомянутого адмиралтейства, и шесть пенсов каждые три недели с тонны — лодки, ловившие другую рыбу.

45 1420 г., Rot. Parl., iv. 126. «Item, priount les ditz Communes, que par l’ou nostre très soverain seignour le Roy et ses nobles progenitours de tout temps ount esté seignours del meer, et ore par la grace de Dieu est venuz que nostre dit seignour le Roy est seignour des costes d’ambeparties del meer d’ordeigner que sur toutz estraungers passantz parmye le dit meer tiel imposition à l’oeps nostre dit seignour le Roy apprendre qui à l’uy semblera resonable, pur la salve garde del dit meer».

46 Rotuli Scotiæ, i. 442, «Nos advertentes quod progenitores nostri reges Angliæ Domini Maris Anglicani circumquaque et etiam defensores contra hostium invasiones ante hæc tempora extiterint» и т. д. Часть формулировок этого мандата была заимствована Карлом I в его приказах о корабельной подати. См. стр. 211.

47 Fœdera, iv. 722. «Consideratio etiam quod progenitores nostri, Reges Angliæ, in hujusmodi turbationibus, inter ipsos et alios terrarum exterarum dominos motis, domini maris et transmarini passagii, totis præteritis temporibus, extiterunt» и т. д.

48 Nicolas, op. cit., ii. 49, 106.

49 Political Poems, ii. 157. Автор утверждает, что она была отчеканена после того, как Эдуард захватил Кале, когда

“The see was kepte, and thereof he was lorde,

Thus made he nobles coigned of recorde.”

Но Эдуард не взял Кале до 1347 года, в то время как ноубл был выпущен в июле 1344 года. Nicolas, loc. cit.

50 Oppenheim, A History of the Administration of the Royal Navy, i. 7.

51 Cunningham, op. cit., 361. В поэме «Libelle» задается вопрос —

“Wher ben our shippes, wher ben our swerdes become?

Our enmyes bid for the ship set a sheep”;

а в рубрике анонимного комментатора утверждается, что приведенный совет объяснялся тем обстоятельством, что в то время как во времена Эдуарда III англичане были владыками моря, ныне в эти дни они стали безумными (vecordes), побежденными и подобными овцам в вопросах ведения войны и охраны моря. О данной шутке также упоминает Капграв, Liber de Illustribus Henricis, 135.

52 «Tous les pays tenoient et appelloient nostre avandit seigneur, le Roi de la Mier».

53 Rot. Parl., ii. 311.

54 Mare Clausum, lib. ii. c. xxvi.

55 Animadversions, 108.

56 Nicolas, op. cit., i. 156, но ср. ii. 481; Hannay, A Short History of the Royal Navy, 15. Ганней, равно как и автор статей о флоте в издании Social England (i. 138), по-видимому, не знал о трудах сэра Траверса Твисса, упомянутых в тексте.

57 The Black Book of the Admiralty, i. Intro. xiii et seq., 129; iii. Intro. i, x.

58 «Item ordonne estoit a Hastynges pour loy et coustumes de mer ou temps du roy Johan lan de son regne second par advys de ses seigneurs temporelz que se le lieutenant en aucun voyage ordonne par commun conseil du royalme encontrent sur la mer aucunes nefz ou vesseaux chargees ou voide que ne veullent avaller et abbesser leurs trefs ou commandement du lieutenant du roy ou de ladmiral du roy, ou son lieutenant, mais combatant encontre iceulx de la flotte que silz puent estre pris quilz soient reputez comme ennemys et leurs nefs, vesseaulx, et bien pris et forfaitz comme biens des ennemys tout soit que les maistres ou possesseurs dicelles vouldroient venir apres et alleguer mesmes les nefs, vesseaulx, et biens estre biens des amys du roy nostre seigneur, et que le mayne estant en icelles soient chastiez par emprisonnement de leur corps pour leur rebellete par discrecion». Вышеприведенный текст приводится Твиссом по уайтхоллской рукописи (Whitehall MS.) XVIII века; он существенно не отличается от других. Коттоновская рукопись (Cottonian MS.), которая считается наиболее ранней и чистой, в обоих местах гласит: «le lieutenant du roy ou ladmiralle du roy ou soun lieutenant».

59 The Black Book, Intro. xix, lxxvii. Это рукопись Vespasian MSS., B. xxii.

60 The Black Book, iii. Intro. viii, x. См. стр. 410.

61 Collection des Lois Maritimes, iv. 199.

62 Collection des Lois Maritimes, i. Intro. pp. li, 129; iii. Intro. p. xi.

63 Mare Clausum, lib. ii. c. xxvi.

64 «Quanquam tamen, ad primam vocem ipsorum Anglicorum, idem Johannes Willes velum suum declinavit» и т. д., Fœdera, viii. 273; «omnes tamen inermes, et velum suum, ad primum clamorem Anglicorum declinantes», ibid., 277.

65 Chancery Rolls, Misc. Treaties and Diplomatic, Bdle. 14, No. 15. На документе имеется помета De Superioritate Maris Angliæ et Jure Officii Admirallatus in eodem. В связке имеется несколько копий на отдельных пергаментах, а именно: 1, 8, 12, 14, 15, и они отличаются друг от друга, как указано в расшифровке в Приложении А. Принн (Animadversions, 109) говорит, что помимо свитка в Тауэре, из которого цитировали лорд Кок и Селден, он обнаружил «древнюю копию оного в часовне Белого Тауэра» (White Tower Chapple), а среди документов Адмиралтейства имеется недатированная памятка Николаса (составленная до 1631 г.) о записях в Тауэре, касающихся Олеронских законов и суверенитета морей, в которой он говорит, что «в тамошнем маленьком чулане» имеется запись на французском языке, датированная временем Эдуарда I или II и касающаяся противоправных действий Грибальда. Имеется также транскрипция в собрании рукописей в Британском музее (Harleian, 4314) и перевод свитка, выполненный почерком XVII века, в манускрипте MS. Otho. E. ix. fol. 14.

66 Fourth Institute, cap. 22, p. 142.

67 Mare Clausum, lib. ii. c. xxvii., xxviii., xx., xxiv.

68 Rot. Pat., 26 Edw. I., part 2, memb. 24, in dorso.

69 Fœdera, i. 954.

70 Селден, op. cit., lib. ii. c. xxvii., со ссылкой на Rot. Pat., 31 Edw. I., m. 16, текст которого гласит следующее: «Des enterprises, mesprises, et forfaitz en Treue ou en Sufferance, entre nous et le dit Roi de Fraunce, dune part et dautre, es costeres de la mer Dengleterre et autres per decea et ausint per deuers Normandie et autres costeres de la mer per de la».

71 Король Франции приказал Джону де Педрогу, знаменитому моряку из Кале, собрать там флот и направиться с ним в Голландию против графа Фландрского, осадившего Зирикзее. Во флот входили одиннадцать генуэзских галер под началом Рейнера де Гримальди, которому Филипп пожаловал высшее командование с титулом «адмирала», причем Джон де Педрог действовал под его началом. Николас (op. cit., i. 373) приводит описание боя.

72 Перевод, за который я признателен мисс Э. Солсбери, выполнен с пергамента 12.

73 Это выражение также используется в документе 1297 года, когда лорд Уильям де Лейбурн назван «адмиралом моря вышеназванного короля Англии». Fœdera, i. 861.