1956 April: Cominform dissolved.
YOUNG COMMUNIST INTERNATIONAL
1919 Young Communist International formed in Berlin.
1943 Dissolved.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNIST PUBLICATIONS
1919 May: First issue of The Communist International, organ of the Executive Committee of the Communist International.
1943 July 5: Last issue of The Communist International, after dissolution of Comintern.
1947 November 10: For a Lasting Peace, for a People’s Democracy! published in Belgrade, characterizing itself as “Organ of the Information Bureau of the Communist Parties in Belgrade” (published in Bucharest, Roumania after Cominform attack on Tito).
1956 April: For a Lasting Peace, for a People’s Democracy! ceased publication.
III. Коммунизм в России
1883 Group for the Emancipation of Labor, first Russian Marxist group, formed in Geneva, Switzerland.
1903 Bolshevik (majority) and Menshevik (minority) factions resulted from split in Second Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, held in Brussels and London.
1905 December: Bolshevik Conference in Tammerfors (Tampere), Finland.
1914 Start of World War I.
1917 March: Provisional government formed in Russia. Czar Nicholas II abdicated.
1917 July 20: New revolutionary government formed with Kerensky as Prime Minister.
1917 October 23: Bolshevik Central Committee approved Lenin’s proposal for armed insurrection.
1917 November 7: “Red Guards” and revolutionary troops occupied Petrograd (Russian capital) and overthrew government (called October Revolution).
1917 December: Soviet government signed armistice with Germany and Austria at Brest-Litovsk to end hostilities.
1918 March 3: Russia signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, abandoning Poland, Lithuania, the Ukraine, the Baltic provinces, Finland, and Transcaucasia.
1918 March: Soviet government and Party headquarters moved to Moscow.
1921 March: Kronstadt sailors’ unsuccessful revolt against Lenin.
1921 March: Tenth Party Congress adopted Lenin’s New Economic Policy.
1922 March 27-April 2: Eleventh Party Congress elected Stalin General Secretary of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks).
1925 December: Fourteenth Party Congress changed name to Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) or CPSU (B).
1927 December: Fifteenth Party Congress of CPSU (B) instructed preparation of first Five-Year Plan.
1929 Trotsky arrived in Turkey as exile from U.S.S.R.
1932-33 The Stalin Famine due, in part, to excesses of agrarian policy. Victims estimated from 4,000,000 to 10,000,000 dead.
1933 November 17: Soviet Russia recognized diplomatically by the United States.
1934 September 18: U.S.S.R. formally became member of League of Nations.
1934-38 Purges of Communist Party members and government and military officials as “counter-revolutionaries.”
1936 New constitution approved and adopted by the Eighth Extraordinary Congress of Soviets.
1939 August: Soviet-German Nonaggression Pact ratified.
1939 September 17: Soviet Russia invaded Poland.
1939 November 30: Soviet Russia invaded Finland.
1940 March: Soviet Russia and Finland signed peace terms.
1941 June 22: German armies invaded Russia.
1945 May 9: Stalin announced end of war to Russian people.
1953 March 5: Stalin died.
1953 December 23: Beria executed as “enemy of the people.”
1956 February: Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union at which Stalin was denounced. 1957 June: Vyacheslav Molotov, Georgi Malenkov, Lazar Kaganovich, and Dmitri Shepilov denounced as “enemies of the Party.”
1957 October: Marshal Georgi Zhukov, Red Army hero, ousted as Soviet Defense Minister.
IV. Коммунизм в Соединенных Штатах
1918 November: Communist Propaganda League formed.
1919 June 21: National Conference of the Left-Wing of the Socialist Party in New York at which Left-Wing Manifesto adopted.
1919 August 30: Reed-Gitlow left-wing group expelled from emergency Socialist Party convention.
1919 August 31: Communist Labor Party of America formed from Reed-Gitlow group in Chicago.
1919 September 1: Communist Party of America formed in Chicago.
1920 May: United Communist Party of America formed at Bridgman, Michigan.
1921 May: Communist Party of America, Section of the Communist International, formed from Communist Party and United Communist Party at Woodstock, New York.
1921 December: Workers Party of America formed at New York City.
1923 April: Communist Party and Workers Party consolidated at New York.
1925 August: Workers Party of America changed its name to Workers (Communist) Party.
1928 October: Expulsion from Workers (Communist) Party of Trotskyites led by James Cannon.
1929 March: Sixth Convention of Workers (Communist) Party of America at New York changed Party name to Communist Party of the United States of America.
1929 June: Expulsion of Lovestone group from Communist Party.
1939 September: War broke out in Europe. The Comintern and the Communist Party, USA, called war an “imperialist war.”
1941 June: Germany attacked Russia. Communists shifted their “line”—called war a “just war” against fascism.
1944 May: Communist Political Association (CPA) organized when Communist Party, USA, dissolved at Twelfth National Convention in New York.
1945 July: Communist Party reconstituted and Communist Political Association dissolved at an emergency convention as a result of Jacques Duclos’ article in April, 1945, issue of French journal, Cahiers du Communisme.
1948 Arrests of top communist leaders by the FBI under the Smith Act; trial began in January, 1949.
1951-55 Period of intensive underground activity by Communist Party, USA.
1956 Communist Party jolted by Khrushchev’s denunciation of Stalin.
1957 February: Sixteenth National Convention of Communist Party held in New York City.
УКАЗАТЕЛЬ
Указатель
Abel, Colonel Rudolf Ivanovich, 278
Abraham Lincoln Brigade, 65, 79, 101, 285
Adams, Arthur, 272
Aesopian language, 93-97, 126, 287
Агитация. См. Массовая агитация
American Jewish Committee, 239
American Jewish League Against Communism, 239, 240
American Labor Party, 82
American League Against War and Fascism, 65, 216
American League for Peace and Democracy, 65
American Negro Labor Congress, 234
American Peace Mobilization, 65, 217
American People’s Mobilization, 217
American Youth Congress, 65
American Youth for Democracy, 217
Amtorg Trading Corporation, 274
Anarchism, 22, 302
Anti-Defamation League, 239
Anti-Dühring, 98.
См. также Библиография
Anti-Semitism in Russia, 46, 70, 71, 115, 156.
См. также Иудаизм, коммунистические нападки на
Антитезис. См. Диалектический материализм (диалектика)
Апелляционная комиссия (КП США). См. Контрольные комиссии
Armed forces, communist attitude toward, 286
Искусство, отношение коммунистов к, 158–161
Atheism, 14, 15, 18, 23, 47, 106, 323.
См. также Религия
Avanti, 52
Bakunin, Mikhail, 22
Balabanoff, Angelica, 52
Bart, Phil, 60
Basic industries, 283
Bedacht, Max, 59
Bentley, Elizabeth, 275
Beria, Lavrenti, 42
Bittelman, Alexander, 244
Bloor, Ella Reeve (“Mother” Bloor), 56, 148, 149, 161, 313, 314
B’nai B’rith, 239, 250
Bolshevik Revolution, vi, 29, 30, 48
Bolsheviks (majority), 27, 315
Bolshevism and Religion, 242
Bolshevization, technique of, 37, 63, 75, 315
Книжные магазины партии. См. Программа распространения литературы
Bourgeoisie, 33, 181, 183, 315, 317, 318
Bridgman, Michigan, convention (May, 1920), 54
Browder, Earl, 56, 213, 228, 234, 237;
general secretary, 64, 128;
head of Communist Political Association, 67;
purged by Communist Party, USA, 68, 110, 116, 157, 165-169, 172, 177, 323;
writings on religion, 304
Budenz, Louis, 109
Budish, J. M., 242
Bukharin, Nikolai, 41
Bulganin, N. A., 23, 41, 42, 69
Cacchione, Peter V., 148, 224
Cachin, Marcel, 305
Cadre, 316, 324
Cahiers du Communisme, 67
Camps, Party sponsored, 152.
См. также Образовательная программа
Canadian spy revelations, 95, 275
Cannon, James P., 63
Capital (Das Kapital), 16, 25.
См. также Библиография
Capitalism, 19, 21, 33, 315, 316, 320, 322
Catherine the Great, 38
Фракционные собрания партии, 202–204
Ячейка. См. Партийные клубы
Centrism, 51, 316
Charles University, Prague, 221, 222
Chauvinism, 167, 316
Cheka, 30
Christianity, communist attitude toward, 299, 304-307
Christmas, communist exploitation of, 161, 162
Церкви, попытки коммунистов проникнуть в. См. Религия
Civil Rights Congress, 83, 235
The Civil War in France, 158.
См. также Библиография
Кларк, Джозеф, 108–109
Class struggle, 18-21, 159, 301, 317
Classes, communist concept of, 18, 317
“Classics,” communist, 328
Clementis, Vladimir, 39
Clubs, Party, 69, 126, 134, 135, 202
Colonization program (colonizers), 283, 284
Comintern, 126;
directs Party activities in U.S., 52-55, 58-60, 62-64, 226-228, 233, 234, 273;
dissolution of, 67;
founding of in 1919, 32, 51, 52, 272;
initiates United Front policy, 64, 65, 200;
participation of communists from U.S. in, 49, 56, 57
Командно-административные методы. См. Шовинизм
Committee to Save Albert Jackson, 217
Committee to Save the Martinsville Seven, 217
Коммунизм;
обманчивая привлекательность, 86–108;
primitive, 13, 318;
role of the Party, 21, 22, 26, 27, 37, 77, 78, 315, 323 (see also Vanguard of the proletariat);
theory, 18-23, 317-319, 326;
way of life, vi, vii, 7, 8, 161;
world extent of, 3-5, 38.
См. также Марксизм-ленинизм
Communism in the United States, 304
The Communist, 49, 55
Communist Control Act of 1954, 69
Коммунистический интернационал. См. Коминтерн
Communist Labor Party of America (CLP), v, 49-51, 54, 55
Communist League, 21.
См. также Манифест Коммунистической партии
Communist man, concept of, vii, 8, 71, 72, 149-163, 270, 314
Communist Manifesto, 22, 98, 239, 286
Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза. См. Двадцатый съезд Российской коммунистической партии; Коминтерн
Коммунистическая партия США;
aims in United States, vi, vii, 3-8, 71, 75, 182;
capacity for swift growth, 4, 71, 72;
change of names, 54-56, 62, 67, 68;
constitution, 77, 92, 126-129, 163, 170, 171;
falsely regarded as not menace because of small numbers, 3, 4, 71;
история, 48–72;
numerical strength, 3, 4, 64, 96, 132, 133;
организационная структура, 123–137;
причины выхода из партии, 108–120;
причины вступления, 97–108;
Sixteenth National Convention of (February, 1957), 70, 127, 232, 250, 251;
деспотизм внутренней партийной жизни, 114–117;
vassal of Russia, 50, 55, 57-59, 66-71, 182, 272-276
Communist Political Association (CPA), 67, 68, 177.
См. также Коммунистическая партия США
Congress of American Women, 221
Congress of Industrial Organizations, 64
Конституция Коммунистической партии. См. Коммунистическая партия США
Coplon, Judith, 277
Couriers, Party, 256, 261, 262, 274, 278.
См. также Шпионаж; Подполье
Criticism, self, communist use of, 168-170, 325
Cultural Commission (CPUSA), 131
Культурная программа коммунистов, 158–162
Daily Worker, 46, 58, 70, 83, 106, 108, 145, 147, 149, 164, 170, 172, 173, 175, 183, 188, 196, 202, 208, 212, 235, 249, 274, 305;
praise of Russia, 159, 160;
роль в партийной жизни, 154–161
Darrow, Clarence, 235
Davis, Benjamin J., Jr., 224
Выход членов из партии. См. Коммунистическая партия США, причины выхода из партии
Democracy, communist definition of, 92-95, 319
Democratic centralism, 53, 135-137, 319
Dennis, Eugene, 34, 60, 70, 128, 229
Deviation, 166, 320, 323
Dialectical materialism (dialectics), 18, 19, 320
Dictatorship of the proletariat, 5, 21, 29, 33, 126, 317-322, 326
Dimitroff, Georgi, 200
Discipline, 27, 32, 37, 52, 53, 78, 111-113, 142-144, 268, 321;
сознательное и добровольное подчинение воле партии, 164–166;
expulsions, 164-165, 170-172, 177;
helps mold communist man, 162, 163;
партийная «судебная» система, 163–166;
penalties, 171;
reasons why members may be disciplined, 166-168, 173;
самокритика, 168–170;
vilification of expelled members, 173, 175-177.
См. также Фракционность; Чистки
Маскировка (подпольная), 258–261.
См. также Шпионаж
Dodd, Bella, 109
Donchin, Sam, 172
Doyle, Bernadette, 225
Duclos, Jacques, 67
Dues, Party, 77, 144.
См. также Денежные средства, способы сбора партией
Dupe (innocent victim) of communist propaganda, 65, 86-89, 193, 194, 213, 215, 219, 287, 304
Education Department (CPUSA), 131
Educational program, communist, 59, 60, 111, 131, 150-154, 214, 311
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 248
Elections, running of communist candidates, 62, 87, 88, 224, 225
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, 83
Engels, Friedrich, 23, 24, 28, 39, 126, 153, 158, 318;
биографические данные, 14–17;
co-author of Communist Manifesto, 21, 286;
труды, 329–330
Escape routes, communist, 256, 262.
См. также Подполье
Шпионаж, советский, 271–283;
make-up of networks, 278, 279;
motivation of agents, 280, 281;
objectives in United States, 281, 282;
relationship of Communist Party, USA, 271, 283
Estates willed to Party, 146, 147
Ethics, communist, 151, 165.
См. также Мораль
Exceptionalism, 68
Factionalism (faction), 49-52, 54, 55, 63, 67-71, 170, 321
Family life, communist influence on, 78, 79, 105-107, 114, 118, 140-144, 171, 175, 176, 267-269
Fascism, 65, 101, 280
Fast, Howard, 99, 109, 115-116
The FBI Story, 293
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 103, 109, 113, 142, 164, 256, 259, 263, 266, 274-277;
hatred of by Party members, 116-117, 125;
informants, 136, 168, 275, 283;
следственная юрисдикция, 288–291;
Party attacks against, 184, 198;
защита гражданских прав, 291–294
Feffer, Itzik, 248
Попуткик. См. Симпатизант
Feudalism, 19, 317, 320, 322
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 14
First International, 22
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 87, 136
Folks-Shtimme, 46, 249
Сила и насилие;
definition of, 321;
essential for revolution, 21, 22, 26, 32, 33, 72, 126, 181, 184, 286, 319, 321, 325.
См. также Революция, коммунистическая концепция
Ford, James W., 227, 234
Foster, William Z., 3, 50, 56, 57, 61, 68, 69, 130, 225, 237, 285;
chairman, Communist Party, USA, 68, 110, 128;
factional struggles, 63, 70, 156;
presidential candidate, 62, 227;
quotations from, 3-8, 38, 93, 177, 189, 199, 211, 225, 299, 300, 302;
sees Lenin, 57;
writings on religion, 304, 305
Fronts, 83, 84, 106, 159, 208;
aid to underground, 214, 262, 263;
how to identify, 225, 226;
role in mass agitation, 65, 77, 96, 191-193, 214-226, 234-236;
schools, 155, 214;
technique of formation, 212-214, 218;
виды, 216–218
Fuchs, Klaus, 99, 271, 282
Functionary, Party, 139-144, 151.
См. также Кадры
Funds, how Party collects, 144-147, 213
Funerals, communist exploitation of, 148, 149
Ganley, Nat, 60
Gannett, Betty, 60
Gates, John, 70, 156
Geneva Conference (July, 1955), 42, 69, 167
German-Russian Nonaggression Pact (1939), 66, 70, 116
Gerson, Simon W., 60
Gitlow, Benjamin, 48, 56, 62, 63, 67, 166
The God That Failed, 231
Gold, Harry, 271, 278, 279, 282
Golos, Jacob, 274
Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 39
Gouzenko, Igor, 275
Green, Gilbert, 149
Greenglass, David, 280
Greenglass, Ruth, 280
Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications, 89
Hall, Gus, 60
Hansen, Traynor, 113
Hartle, Barbara, 109-113, 115
Hathaway, C. A., 227
Hegel, G. W. F., 18
Hide-outs, 124, 256, 257, 262, 263, 269.
См. также Подполье
Historic mission, 126, 322
Historical materialism, 19
History (American), communist interpretation of, 161
History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks), 93.
См. также Библиография
Hitler, Adolf, 64-67, 101
Holidays, communist attitude toward, 161, 162, 188
House Committee on Un-American Activities, 89, 173, 184, 212, 221
Hungarian Revolt (1956), 47, 70, 95, 115, 156, 224, 238, 251, 310, 314
Ideological self-cultivation, 153.
См. также Образовательная программа
Illegal (tactics), 51, 52, 55, 56, 183-185, 255, 286.
См. также Стратегия и тактика; Подполье; Шпионаж
Immediate demands, 184, 188, 189.
См. также Партийная линия; Стратегия и тактика; Массовая агитация
Imperialism, 322
Imperialism, 158.
См. также Библиография
Indoctrination, 105, 139, 150, 157-159.
См. также Образовательная программа
Industrial concentration program, communist, 283
Industrial Revolution, 20
Inevitability, communist concept of, 322
Проникновение, коммунистический метод, 199–211.
См. также Профсоюзы; Национальные группы, коммунистическое проникновение в; Негры, попытки коммунистов оказать влияние на; Религия
Ingram, Rosa Lee, 197
Невинная жертва. См. Простак (невинная жертва) коммунистической пропаганды
Intellectuals, communist exploitation of, 82, 104, 114, 294
Internal Security Act of 1950, 69, 189
International Affairs (Moscow), 34
International Labor Defense (ILD), 235
Iskra (Spark), 27
Italian Socialist Party, 52
Jefferson, Thomas, 135, 161
Jefferson School of Social Science, 155
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (Russian), 249
Jewish Daily Forward (New York), 59, 238
Jews in the Soviet Union, 242
The Jews in the Soviet Union, 246
Judaism, communist attack on, 237-252, 299
Судебная система. См. Правоохранительные органы, коммунистические нападки на
Justice, Department of, 68, 184
Kaganovich, Lazar M., 250
Kania, Wladyslaw, 242
Katz, Moise, 249
Kazan, Elia, 173
Kerensky, Alexander, 29
Khrushchev, Nikita, 42, 69, 70, 92, 250, 309;
разоблачает Сталина на ХХ съезде Российской коммунистической партии (февраль 1956 г.), 42–47, 70, 95, 109, 115, 116, 153, 156, 249;
praises Stalin, 41, 47;
prophesies a communist America, 3;
quotations from, 3, 34, 41, 43-45, 47, 248, 286, 287, 299;
upholds Leninism, 34, 287
Klutznick, Philip M., 250
Kostov, Traicho, 39
Krassin, Leonid, 30
Krassin, Lubov, 30
Krchmarek, A., 225
Kronstadt, 31
Ku Klux Klan, 235
Kulaks, 40
Labor Department (CPUSA), 131
Профсоюзы;
communist interest in CIO, 64;
decline of communist strength in, 70, 201, 310;
ранние попытки коммунистов проникнуть в, 61–63;
lack of sincere communist interest in, 102, 115, 201, 211;
Lenin’s teachings concerning, 102, 201;
Moscow’s interest in, 52, 59;
techniques of communist infiltration, 80, 81, 84-86, 102, 125, 184, 199-205, 283, 284
Labor Youth League, 217
Lannon, Albert, 60
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 22
Lautner, John, 164, 165
Law enforcement, communist attack on, 195-199, 285, 286
League of Militant Atheists (Soviet Union), 240
League of Nations, 64
League of Struggle for Negro Rights, 234
Left-wing sectarianism, 166, 167, 320
Legal (tactics), 52, 53, 55, 56, 183, 185, 274.
См. также Проникновение, коммунистический метод; Массовая агитация; Стратегия и тактика
Lenin, Nadezhda Krupskaya, 26, 28
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 38, 39, 56, 57, 150, 153, 199, 255, 318, 321-324;
belief in force and violence, 25-33, 184, 198, 321;
biographical, 23-25, 35;
high standing among communists, 23, 24, 34, 35;
influence on Communist Party, USA, 35, 50, 145, 160, 327, 332;
on infiltrating labor unions, 102, 201;