«Тридцать лет на службе правительства США (1820–1850)»

the report ex-parte, 486;

reply in defence of the report, 486;

extracts, 486.

See Jackson's Administration.

Banks in the District, recharter of.—

Speech of Senator Benton, 658;

"the charters wrong, 658;

no bank of circulation ought to be authorized in this district, 659;

none to furnish other currency than large notes should be chartered anywhere, 659;

ameliorations in charters proposed to be granted in order to render them less dangerous to the community, 659;

liability of the stockholders, 659;

bank stock to be subject to taxation like other property, 659;

to issue no notes less than twenty dollars, 659;

the charters to be repealable at the will of Congress, 659;

evil of small notes classed under three heads, 660;

the banishment of gold and silver counterfeiting and throwing other burdens of losses upon the poorer classes, 660;

the basis of circulation throughout the country should be hard money, 662;

the true idea of banks seemed to be lost in the country, 663;

the faculty of issuing paper money renders banks dangerous, 663;

progress of banking business is alarming and deplorable in the United States, 663;

the burdens which the banks impose on the people, 664;"

recharter carried, 665.

Barbour, James, Senator from Virginia, 7;

governor, 7;

votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8;

on the Virginia resolutions, 35;

Secretary at War, 55;

negotiates treaty with the Cherokees, 107.

Barbour, Philip P., Representative from Virginia, 7;

on selling the stock of the United States in the bank, 296;

his character, 296.

Barry, William T., Postmaster General, 120;

appointed Minister to Spain, 181.

Bayard, James, Commissioner at Ghent, 91.

Benton, Thomas H., instigator of the clause prohibiting legislative interference with slavery in the constitution of Missouri, 8;

his first experience in standing "solitary and alone," 16;

views relative to the settlement of Oregon, 13;

first suggests sending ministers to Oriental nations, 14;

denounces the treaty of 1818, 15, 17;

moves amendment to the constitution, 37;

visit to Jefferson, 43;

offers a bill to occupy Columbia river, 50;

remarks on the treaty with the Creeks, 61;

on the duty on indigo, 97;

on the sale of the public lands, 103, 130;

on slavery, 136;

on the peroration of Webster, 142;

on the regulation of commerce, 151;

the repeal of the alum salt tax, 155;

on the Bank of the United States, 187;

his silence relative to the nomination of Van Buren as Minister to England, 218;

letter to Van Buren, 218;

on the illegal currency of the Bank of the United States, 220;

on government expenses, 231;

against the exclusive privileges of the bank, 245;

reply to Clay on the veto power, 255, 256;

on the compromise tariff bill, 319;

on home valuation, 324;

on Missouri resolutions, 360;

on report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 393;

on the removal of the deposits, 406;

gives notice of the expunging resolution, 428;

on a gold currency, 436;

on public distress, 462;

on the Report of the Senate Committee to investigate the affairs of the bank, 482;

relative to the expunging resolutions of Alabama, 524;

on the Branch Mints, 551;

on distribution of the proceeds of the public lands, 560;

on the memorial to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, 577;

on French affairs, 591;

on abolition petitions, 617;

on the Expunging resolution, 645;

on distribution of the land proceeds, 649, 652;

on rechartering the district banks, 658;

on Texas Independence, 670;

on the specie circular, 677;

on revision of the specie circular, 695, 701;

on the salt tax, 714;

on the Expunging resolution, 719.

Berrien, John M., remarks on the treaty with the Creeks, 62;

attorney-general, 120;

resigns his seat in the cabinet, 181.

Bibb, George M., on home valuation, 324;

on the French spoliation bill, 487.

Birthday of Jefferson and the doctrine of nullification, 148.

Blair, Francis P., how led to establish the Globe newspaper, 130.

Bloomfield, Joseph, Representative from New Jersey, votes for the admission of Missouri, 9.

Bouldin, James W., on the admission of Arkansas, 631.

Branch, John, Secretary of the Navy, 120;

resigns his seat in the cabinet, 181.

Branch Mints at New Orleans and in the Southern gold regions.—

Bill reported, 550;

opposed by Mr. Clay, 550;

unwise and injudicious to establish these branches, 550;

indefinite postponement moved, 550;

no evil in the nullification of mints, 550;

the present one sufficient, 551;

the measure would be auxiliary to the restoration of the metallic currency, 551;

remarks of Mr. Benton, 551;

"constitutional right to establish these mints, 551;

an act of justice to the South and West, 551;

give the mint five or six branches and nobody would want the bank paper, 552;

the idea of expense on such an object scouted, 552;

for the greater part of the gold currency is in the vaults of the bank, 552;

what loss has the Western people now sustained for want of gold? 552;

in favor of measures that will put down small paper and put up gold and silver, 552;"

postponement lost, 553;

other motions made and lost, 553;

bill passed, 553.

British West India Trade, recovery of.—Account of this trade, 124;

six negotiations carried on between the United States and Great Britain on this subject, 124;

limited concessions only obtained, 125;

a primary object with Washington, 125;

his letter of instructions to Gouverneur Morris, 125;

a prominent point in our first negotiation in 1794, 125;

attempts of 1822 and 1823, 125;

remarks on the negotiation of 1822, 125;

effect of the word "elsewhere," 126;

attempts of Mr. Adams' administration to negotiate, 126;

effects of his failure, 126;

Gallatin's interview with Mr. Huskisson, 126;

despatch, 126;

facts communicated to Congress by President Adams, 127;

the case presented hopeless, 127;

the loss of this trade an injury to the country, 127;

the position of General Jackson, 127;

minister sent to London, 127;

reasons given for a renewed application, 128;

point of right waived, 128;

the trade recovered, 128;

the trade under the act of Parliament, 128;

the grounds of success, 128.

Brown, Bedford, for Van Buren as Minister to England, 216;

on the branch mints, 551;

on abolition petitions, 612.

Brown, James, Senator from Louisiana, 7;

votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

Buchanan, James, presents memorial of the Society of Friends, 576;

on French affairs, 590;

in favor of the admission of Arkansas, 630;

on distribution of the land proceeds, 708.

Burke, Edmund, on the sale of the crown lands, 102.

Burr, Col. Aaron, decease of.—Brilliant prospects ending in shame, 681;

in the expedition with Arnold, 681;

the opinion of Washington, 681;

position at the close of the presidential election of 1800, 681;

his character as regarded by his compeers, 682;

his talents, 682;

the fate of Hamilton, 682.

Burton, Hutchins G., Representative from North Carolina, 7;

governor, 7.

Bush, Henry, Representative from Ohio, 7.

Butler, Benjamin F., nominated Secretary of the Treasury, 470.

Butler, Thomas, Representative from Louisiana, 7.

C

Calhoun, John C., Secretary at War, 7;

on internal improvement, 22;

candidate for the Vice-Presidency in 1824, 45;

rupture with Jackson, 167;

his friendship for Jackson, 218;

on the compromise tariff bill, 315;

on home valuation, 324;

offers nullification resolutions, 334;

on the principles of nullification, 335;

on distribution of proceeds of land sales, 364, 651, 709;

on the removal of the deposits, 411;

on the plan of relief, 484;

on the expunging resolutions of Alabama, 526, 527;

on the branch mints, 553;

on the combination of the slave States, 585;

on French affairs, 591;

on abolition petitions, 611, 614, 619;

on the independence of Texas, 667;

on the Expunging resolution, 728.

Cambreleng, C. C., on the Committee of Bank Investigation, 241;

on the fortification bill, 556.

Campbell, John W., Representative from Ohio, 7.

Cannon, Newton, Representative from Tennessee, 7;

governor, 7.

Carroll, Charles, decease of; last of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, 476;

fate of other signers felicitous, 477;

his career, 477;

not present on the day of signing, 477;

signed afterwards, 477;

incident, 477.

Carson, Kit, application for a commission in the army, 183.

Cass, Lewis, Secretary at War, 181.

Chambers, E. F., against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215.

Chandler, John, Senator from Maine, 9;

votes for the admission of Missouri, 9.

Chesapeake Canal discussed, 22.

Clarke, Gen., treaties with the Indians, 29.

Clay, Henry, Representative from Kentucky, 7;

efforts for the declaration of war in 1812, 6;

moves a joint committee of both Houses on the admission of Missouri, 9;

often complimented as the author of the Compromise of 1820, 10;

selects the members of the joint committee in the House, 10;

his coadjutors, 10; movement against the treaty of 1818, 17;

on internal improvement, 22;

address to Lafayette, 30;

on public distress, 32;

lays before the House the note of Vivian Edwards, 34;

appoints committee on charges against Crawford, 35;

candidate for the Presidency in 1824, 44;

letter to Benton relative to declaring his intention previously to vote for Adams, 48;

Secretary of State, 55;

Commissioner at Ghent, 91;

against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215;

nominated for the Presidency, 232;

remarks on the veto power, 255, 256;

on the origin of the protective policy, 267;

report relative to the public lands, 275;

candidate for the Presidency, 282;

on the Compromise Tariff bill, 313;

on Kendall cotton, 319;

on distribution of proceeds of land sales, 363;

on report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 393;

on the removal of the deposits, 402;

on the expunging resolutions of Alabama, 525, 527;

on the bill to suppress incendiary publications, 586;

on distribution of land proceeds, 707;

on the Expunging resolution, 729.

Clay, Mrs., her appearance on the evening previous to the duel between Clay and Randolph, 74.

Clayton, J. M., against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215;

on the coming distress of the people, 254;

on home valuation, 324-326;

on French affairs, 594;

moves a committee of investigation on the Bank affairs, 236;

on the committee to investigate the affairs of the U. S. Bank, 241.

Cobb, Thomas W., Representative from Georgia, 7.

Cooke, John, Representative from Tennessee, 7.

Coles, Edward, publishes correction of errors relative to the passage of the ordinance of 1787.

Columbia River, occupation of, bill to authorize the President to take possession and occupy the country offered, 50;

object of the British, 50;

the British pretensions examined under their own exhibition of title, 50, 51, 52, 53;

title as claimed by the United States, 54.

Combination against General Jackson.—See Bank of the United States.

Commerce, regulation of.—The power which is given to Congress by the constitution, 149;

not yet been executed in the sense intended by the constitution, 149;

views of Mr. Jefferson, of Madison, Hamilton, &c., 149;

remarks, 149;

the principle of the regulation was to be that of reciprocity, 150;

mode of acting, 150;

object to carry out these views on the extinction of the public debt, 150;

bill to revive the policy of the Madison resolutions, 150;

Madison's remarks, 150;

"the commerce of the United States not on that respectable footing to which its nature and importance entitled it, 150;

situation of things previous to the adoption of the constitution, 150;

effects to be produced by the resolutions proposed, 150;

advantageous position this country is entitled to stand in, 150;

our country may make her enemies feel the extent of her power, 150;"

"bill proposed, 151;

to provide for the abolition of duties, 151;

the title of the bill, 151;

the bill, 152;

the first section, 152;

contains the principle of

abolishing duties by the joint act of the Legislative and Executive departments, 152;

the idea of equivalents, 152;

in what way may the restriction on our commerce be best removed, regulated, or counteracted? 152;

two methods, 152;

friendly arrangements, 152;

the plan proposed, 152;

benefits resulting from an abolition of duties, 153;

do not our agriculture and manufactures require better markets abroad than they possess at this time? 153;

the merits of the plan, 153;

its success, 153;

advantages arising from a payment of the public debt, 153;

the treaties should be for limited terms, 154;"

remarks, 154.

Committee on the charges against W. H. Crawford, 35;

on amendments to the constitution, 78;

on the reduction of Executive patronage, 80;

on the application of the bank for a renewal of its charter, 233;

House, to whom was referred the memorial of the bank, 235;

of investigation into the affairs of the U. S. Bank, 241;

to investigate the affairs of the bank, 458, 470;

on incendiary publications, 580;

on abolition petitions, 621.

Congress, 22d, its members, 208;

their talent, 208;

commencement of 24th, 568;

when does the term of its session expire? 598, 599.

Cook, Daniel P., Representative from Illinois, 7.

Crawford, William H., Secretary of the Treasury, 7;

devises a measure of relief for the public land debtors, 12;

on internal improvement, 22;

charges against, 35;

candidate for the Presidency in 1824, 44;

declines the Secretaryship of the Treasury tendered by Adams, 55;

letter to Mr. Forsyth, 182.

Crittenden, John J., on the recision of the specie circular, 698.

Crooks, Ramsey, founder of the colony at Astoria, 13.

Crowell, John, Representative from Alabama, 7.

Cumberland Road discussed, 22.

Cushing, Caleb, on the admission of Arkansas, 632.

D

Dallas, George M., presents memorial for a renewal of the bank charter, 227;

remarks, 227;

on the operation of the Tariff, 270;

on home valuation, 324.

Dane, Nathan, claimed as the author of the ordinance of 1787, 133.

Daniel, on the Virginia resolutions, 351.

Davis, John, on the compromise tariff bill, 310.

Debt, public, amount of at the close of the second war, 5.

Deposit Bank bill, to regulate the custody of the public money, 553;

bill once defeated in the Senate, 553;

sent up again and passed, 553.

Dickens Asbury, writes the answer of Crawford to charges against him, 35.

Distribution of the Revenue.—

These propositions first opposed and afterwards favored by Mr. Calhoun with the salvo of an amendment to the constitution, 556;

committee of inquiry appointed, 556;

basis upon which the committee was proposed, 557;

first meeting and a sub-committee appointed, 557;

the report an ingenious and plausible attack upon the administration, &c., 557;

debate on the report, 557;

expenses doubled from extraordinary objects, not belonging to the Government, temporary in their nature and transient, 557;

the distribution of the surplus and the amendment of the constitution, 557;

distribution the only practical depletion of the Treasury and remedy for the corruptions which an exuberant Treasury engendered, 557;

no minority report made, 557;

custody of the public moneys not illegal, 557;

opponents of the Administration defeated the Deposit Regulation bill, 557;

the report, 557;

"what is to be done with the surplus? 557;

existence of our institutions and the liberty of the country may depend on the success of this investigation, 558;

danger from excess of patronage arising from excess of revenue must be temporary, 558;

the Government in a state of passage from an excess of revenue to a limited revenue, 558;

objects of investment, 558;

objections to distribution, 558;

effects of distribution, 558;

reasons for suggesting this proposal, 559."

Reply of Senator Benton, 559;

"proposition in the report to amend the constitution for eight years to enable Congress to make the distribution, 560;

eclipses all other propositions, 560;

predictions from the same source of a deficiency of the revenue, 560;

anecdote, 560;

the Treasury was to be bankrupt and the currency ruined, 560;

the amendment of the constitution, 561;

this scheme an old acquaintance on this floor, 561;

the statement of a surplus examined, 561;

report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 562;

it is said there is no way to reduce the revenue before the end of 1842 without violating the compromise, 563;

sources from which a large reduction could be made, 563;

it is said there is no possibility of finding an article of general utility on which the surpluses could be expended, 564;

several useful, necessary, and exigeant measures, 564;

defenceless state of the country, 564;

fortifying the coasts, 564;

message of President Monroe in 1822, 565;

extracts, 566;

remarks upon the extracts, 566, 567;"

no vote ever taken on the amendment to the constitution, 567;

deficiency in the Treasury, 567;

distribution afterward took place without the amendment, 567.

Extract from the National Gazette attributed to Nicholas Biddle, 649;

distribution nearly become a party measure, 649;

the plans proposed, 649;

remarks of Senator Benton, 649;

introduces an antagonistic bill, devoting the surplus money to the public defences, 649;

making an issue between the plunder of the country and the defence of the country, 649;

every surplus dollar required for the defences, 650;

bill passed Senate, 651;

sent to the House, 651;

course adopted to secure votes in the House, 651.

Scheme of deposit with the States, 651;

objections, 651;

vote on the passage of the bill, 652;

objections urged against the bill, 652;

attempt to debauch the people, 653;

consequences must be deplorable and destructive to the Federal Government, 654;

the progress of the distribution spirit, 654;

the measure goes to sap the foundations of the Federal Government, 655;

is it wise to throw away this money? 656;

nothing but evil in this fatal scheme, 657;

bill passes the House, 657;

feelings of the President on approving of the act, 657.

Moved that a bill be brought in to release the States from all obligations ever to return the dividends under the deposit act, 707;

motion condemned at the outset, 707;

laid on the table, 707;

Clay's movement to revive the land distribution bill, 707;

his remarks, 707;

a substitute reported, 708;

kindred schemes, 708;

Calhoun's proposition, 708;

debate, 708;

Calhoun in reply, 709;

proposition rejected, 710;

Allen's proposition, 710;

laid on the table, 710;

deposit clause attached to the appropriation bill, 711;

struck out in the Senate, 711;

lost, 712.

Delaware.—Her position in relation to slavery, 10.

De Tocqueville, errors of, 159;

errors respecting the House of Representatives, 205;

errors respecting Bank of the United States, 226, 228.

Duel between Clay and Randolph.—

Interview between Randolph and Benton, 70;

Randolph declares he shall not fire at Clay, 70;

circumstances of the delivery of the challenge, 70;

reasons for refusing to fire at Clay, 70;

meaning of "two pledges" referred to by Mr. Randolph, 71;

conduct of Randolph, 71;

characteristics, 71;

Randolph's letter of acceptance, 71;

protest of Randolph, an explanation, 71;

further communications, 72;

remarks on Randolph's speech in the Senate, 72;

attempt of the seconds to delay the meeting, 72;

the report of Randolph's remarks made to Clay, 73;

inquiry between the seconds as to the cause of the quarrel, 73;

further views on the speech, 73;

"Puritan and blackleg," 73;

place of the duel, 73;

interview between Benton and Clay, 74;

subsequent interview between Benton and Randolph, 74;

Randolph arranging his worldly affairs, 74;

Randolph at the bank, 74;

the pieces of gold, 75;

manner in which the word was to be given, 75;

the preparations on the ground, 75;

an accidental discharge of a pistol, 75;

Randolph's remark, 75;

after the first fire Benton interposes, 76;

Clay's answer, 76;

Randolph's feelings and remarks, 76;

the second fire of Clay, 77;

Randolph fires in the air, 77;

reconciliation and gratification of the parties, 77;

the gold seals of Hamilton, Tatnall, and Benton, 77.

Duncanson, J. M., interview with Gen. Duff Green, 128.

Duval, Judge of Supreme Court, 8.

E

Earle, Elias, Representative from South Carolina, 7;

Governor, 7.

Eaton, John H., Secretary at War, 120;

resigns his seat in the Cabinet, 181;

appointed Governor of Florida, 181;

Minister to Spain, 181.

Edwards, Weldon N., Representative from North Carolina, 7;

votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

Edwards, Ninian, note of, 34;

brought back from his mission to Mexico, by the Sergeant-at-Arms, 35.

Election of 1832.—

The candidates, 282;

a question of systems and measures tried in the persons of those who stood out boldly in their representation, 282;

the defeat of Clay, 282;

the success of Jackson, 282;

the point and lesson of the Vice-Presidential election, 282;

the vote, 282;

Anti-masonic excitement, 282;

its result, 283.

Elliott, John, votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8;

remarks on the removal of the Indians, 27.

Ellmaker, Amos, candidate for the Presidency, 282.

Eustis, William, Representative from Massachusetts, 7;

of revolutionary memory, 7.

Ewing, Thomas, against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215;

on the specie circular, 694.

Expenses of Government.—

Expenses from 1820 to 1831, 230;

comparison with the present day, 230;

remarks, 230;

"it is said that since 1820 the expenses have nearly doubled, 230;

excepting four years the expenses have not increased, 230;

cause of reduced expenditures in certain years," 230;

error in the basis of calculation, 231;

"two great and broad facts in view, 231;

expenditures for different years, 231;

object to show a great increase in a short time," 232;

important to know the correct expenses, 232.

Expunging resolution, notice of by Senator Benton, 428.

Do. of Alabama.—

Resolutions of the General Assembly of Alabama, entreating their Senators to use their best endeavors to cause to be expunged from the Journal of the Senate the resolve condemnatory of President Jackson for the removal of the deposits, 524;

several States had already given instructions, 524;

inquiry of Mr. Clay relative to the intention of the Senator from Alabama relative to the resolutions, 524;

reply of Mr. Benton, 524;

the notice given by him at the time of passing the condemnatory resolution, 524;

reasons for giving the notice, 524;

answer to the inquiry of Mr. Clay, 525.

Remarks of Mr. King, 525;

"surprised at the question," 525;

bound to obey instructions, 525;

if the gentleman from Missouri declined, he should at the proper time bring forward an expunging resolution, 525;

further remarks, 525;

Mr. Clay's remarks, 525;

"no motion accompanies these resolutions, 525;

the inquiry a natural one, 525;

a hope that the resolutions would be withdrawn, 526;

if, after consulting precedents, the Senator from Alabama should deem proper to offer them, they would be entitled to consideration, 526;

until then, his duty to resist such an unconstitutional procedure as the reception of these resolutions," 526.

"Decline to accede to this proposition, 526;

object to carry out his instructions, 526;

at a proper time a distinct proposition would be presented on this subject," 526.

Moved to lay the resolutions on the table, by Mr. Calhoun, 526;

object to give the Senator an opportunity to prepare a rescinding resolution, 526;

curious to see how such a proceeding would be reconciled with the independent existence of the Senate, 526;

how is it proposed to repeal a journal? 526;

the only course left is to declare that the principle upon which the Senate acted is not correct, 526;

what is the principle to be overthrown but that "we have a right to express our opinions," 526;

then it comes to this, that the Senate had no right to express its opinion in relation to the executive, 526;

"the king can do no wrong," 526;

this is the very question in which the expunging our legislative freedom and independence is to be agitated, 527;

a question or the utmost magnitude, 527;

none of deeper or more radical importance, 527.

The question on receiving the resolutions, 527;

the case of Georgia legislative proceedings, 527;

the case of Wilkes, in the British House of Commons, 527;

no doubt of the power of the Senate to repeal, 527;

have we not it in our power to retrace our steps when we have done wrong, or to correct our journal, which asserts what is not true? 527;

the democratic party of the country had declared the facts of the journal to be false, 527;

the party to which Mr. Calhoun belongs, 527;

resolution laid on the table, 528;

reception and printing refused to a resolution of a sovereign State, 528.

Expunging Resolution of Senator Benton, 528;

extremely distasteful to a majority of the Senate, 528;

characterized as an indictment which the Senate itself was required to try, and to degrade itself in its own condemnation, 528;

remarks, 528;

this bitterness aggravated by the course which the public mind was taking, 528;

resolutions of several States had arrived, instructing their Senators to vote for the expurgation, 529;

speech of Senator Benton on the motion, 529;

time of presenting the criminal resolution, 529;

length of its discussion, 529;

date of its passage, 529;

an announcement of a series of motions for its expurgation, 529;

this step considered for four months, 529;

was expurgation the proper mode, 529;

the criminating resolution combined all the characteristics of a case which required erasure and obliteration, 529;

a case of the exercise of power without authority and without jurisdiction, 529;

other modes of annulling the resolution not proper in this case, 529;

they would imply rightful jurisdiction, a lawful authority, a legal action, though an erroneous judgment, 529;

it is objected that the Senate have no right to expunge any thing from its journal, 529;

it is said we have no right to destroy a part of the journal, 529;

to expunge, it is said, is to destroy, 529;

not so, 529;

it is incorporated in the expunging resolution, and lives as long as that lives, 529;

the case of the Middlesex election, 529;

the resolution to expel John Wilkes expunged from the journals of the House of Commons, 529;

words of the resolution, 530;

annually introduced from 1769 to 1782, and passed, 530;

the history of the case not lost, 530;

the resolution adopted in the Senate of Massachusetts during the late war, adverse to the celebration of our national victories, 530;

expunged ten years afterward, 530;

the Senate tried President Jackson a year ago, now it is itself nominally on trial before itself, but in reality before America, Europe and posterity, 530;

the proceedings of this day will not be limited to the present age; they will go down to posterity, 530;

the first President who has received the condemnation of the Senate for the violation of the laws and constitution which he is sworn to observe, 530;

the argument of public opinion in the case of the Middlesex election, 530;

extract from Wilkes' speech, 530;

do. from Fox's speech, 531;

an English Whig of the old school acknowledges the right of the people to instruct their representatives, 531;

acknowledges the duty of Parliament to obey the voice of the people, 531;

the voice of the people of the United States has been heard on this subject, 531;

the resolution should be expunged because it is illegal and unjust, 531;

illegal because it contains a criminal charge, 531;

the first step taken in the House on an impeachment, 531;

the British Parliament practise an impeachment to which our constitution is conformable, 532;

the injustice of the resolution shown, 532;

this point examined, 522;

the resolution vague and indefinite, 532;

the law should be specified and the clause of the constitution violated, 532;

Giles' accusation against General Hamilton, 532;

different forms in which the resolution was presented, 533;

reasons of such extraordinary metamorphoses, 533;

opportunity for any Senator to speak who would undertake to specify any act in which the President had violated the constitution, 533;

the resolution was unwarranted by the constitution and laws, 533;

subversion of the rights of defence which belong to an accused and impeachable officer, 533;

of evil example, 534;

speech of Mr. Macon on the vote of approbation, 534;

the resolution passed at a time and under circumstances to involve the political rights and pecuniary interests of the people of the United States in serious injury and peculiar danger, 534;

this condemnation of the President indissolubly connected with the cause of the bank, 534;

instructions sent to the branch banks contemporaneously with the progress of the debate on the criminating resolution, 535;

extracts, 535;

six positions taken, 536;

no new measures to destroy the Bank, 537;

the President harbored no hostile and revengeful designs against the bank, 538;

not true that there was any necessity for the curtailment ordered in January, 539;

no excuse or apology for doubting the rates of exchange, breaking up the exchange business in the West, and concentrating the collection of exchange on the four great commercial cities, 540;

the curtailments of these exchange regulations were political and revolutionary, and connect themselves with the contemporaneous proceedings of the Senate for the condemnation of the President, 540;

the case of the Western branches, 542;

evidence drawn from the bank itself, 543;

extracts from Mr. Biddle's letters, 543, 544;

article in the National Gazette, 545;

the distress of the country occasioned by the bank of the United States and the Senate of the United States, 546;

history of the reduction of the deposits, 546;

in 1819 the bank was unconnected with politics, 546;

further proof that the Senate and the bank, and the Senate more than the bank, produced the distress during last winter, 547;

two instances of the bank creating wanton pressure, 547;

the resolution which it is proposed to expunge," 549.

The expunging resolution laid on the table, 549;

called up on the last, 549;

motion to strike out the word "expunge" and insert "rescind, reverse, and make null and void," 549;

the friends of the expunging resolution astonished, 549;

an expurgation of the journal would be its obliteration, 549;

inconsistent with the constitutional injunction "to keep a journal," 549;

the mover of the expunging resolution yields, 550;

carried, 550;

exultation of Mr. Webster that the word "expunge" was expunged, 550;

remarks, 550;

the original expunging resolution renewed, 550.

Remarks of Senator Benton, 645;

"the condemnation of the President co-operative with the conspiracy of the bank to effect the most wicked scheme of mischief exhibited in modern times, 646;

President Jackson has done more for the human race than the whole tribe of politicians put together, 646;

his services to the country, 647;

no parallel to Jackson crushing the bank except in the Roman Consul crushing Catiline, 647;

further remarks, 648."

Less than three years were sufficient to express public sentiment in favor of reversal, 717;

notice of the intention to bring up the resolution, 718;

the resolution, 718;

remarks of Senator Benton, 719;

"the change in public sentiment, 720;

ascertained, 720;

how far should the expression of this will be conclusive of our action, 720;

the terror of Jackson's administration and its effect for good or evil on the country," 721, 722, 723, 724, 725.

Meeting of democratic Senators, 727;

final measures taken, 727;

debate on the motion to take up the subject, 727;

the speakers, 727, 728;

feelings of the opposition, 728;

expressions of Calhoun, 728;

feeling and expressions of Clay, 729;

Webster's protest against the act, 730;

resolution passed, 730;

the expunging done in open Senate, 730;

excitement in the galleries, 731;

dinner given by President Jackson, 731.

F

Farnham, Russell, founder of Colony at Astoria, 18.

Finances.—Distress of the Government in 1820, 11;

economy forced upon it, 11;

army reduced from 10,000 to 6,000 men, 11;

naval appropriation reduced one half, 11;

twenty-one millions more than double the amount required for the actual expenses of the government, 11;

how expended, 11;

mistake to suppose an amount necessary to be left in the Treasury as a reserve, 11.

Florida, Treaty and Cession of Texas.—

Treaty of 1818, giving up Texas and acquiring Florida, 15;

its denunciation, 15;

action of Monroe's Cabinet, 15;

treaty approved by the country, 15;

points of the treaty, 15;

letter of Monroe to General Jackson, 15;

repugnance of the Northeast to see the aggrandizement of the Union on the South and West, 16;

extent of this feeling, 16;

views of Jefferson and Jackson on the cession of Texas, 16;

Spain fails to ratify, 16;

negotiations revived, 16;

treaty ratified, 17;

movement against the treaty, 17;

change in the relations of Spain and Mexico, 17;

treaty with Mexico, 17;

three times ratified by the Senate, 17;

how the territory was got back, 17;

extinguished slave territory nearly, 17;

Indian treaties, 18;

largest territorial abolition of slavery ever effected, 18;

how received at the South, 18;

the inside view, 18.

Floyd, John, Representative from Virginia, 7;

moves a proposition for the settlement of Columbia river, 13;

his character, 13.

Foot, Samuel A., resolution of inquiry relative to public lands, 130;

against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215.

Forsyth, John, on the donation to the Greeks, 63;

for Van Buren as Minister to England, 216;

on the Compromise tariff bill, 315;

Secretary of State, 477.

Frelinghuysen, Theodore, against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215.

French and Spanish Land Claims, settlement of.—

State of titles in Louisiana on its transfer to the United States, 219;

the treaty protected every thing that was property, 279;

the question was to apply it to the land titles, 279;

boards of commissions established, 279;

their operation, 279;

defects, 279;

the act of 1832, 280;

its first section, 280;

its successful operation, 280.

French Indemnity.—

Special communication from the President, 588;

French fleet approaching the coast, 588;

implying a design to overawe the government or to be ready for expected hostilities, 588;

remarks of the message on the subject of an apology, 588;

a private attempt to obtain a dictated apology, 588;

an attempt made to get this refused apology placed on the archives of the government, 588;

statement of the message, 589;

the interdiction of our ports to the entry of French vessels and French products recommended, 589;

nature of the treaty that had been formed, 589;

stipulated for reduction of duties on wines by our government and the payment of indemnity by France, 589;

advantages to France, 590;

reasons of such delay on the part of France, 590;

extract relative to the French armament, 590.

Calhoun charges upon the President a design to have war with France, 591;

Benton asserts that the conduct of the Senate at its last session had given to the French question its present hostile aspect, 591;

remarks, 591;

conduct of France insulting to us, 591;

an example from French history, 591;

a party in the French Chambers working to separate the President from the people of the United States, and to make him responsible for the hostile attitude of the two countries, 592;

comments on the approach of the French fleet, 593;

the present state of affairs charged upon the conduct of the Senate, 593;

defence of Senators, 594;

the Senate charged with the loss of the defence bills at the last session, 595;

defence of the Senate by Webster, 596;

further discussion on the time when the second session of Congress expires, 598, 599;

American arming declared to be war on our side, 600;

denied, 600.

British Mediation.—

Message informing the Senate that Great Britain had offered her friendly mediation between the United States and France, 600;

suspension of retaliatory measures recommended, 600;

all points in the controversy involving the honor of the United States excepted, 600;

motives of the offer, 600, 601;

reflections upon this subject, 601.

French Spoliation Claim.—

Ground of examined, 91;

assumptions on which their payment by the United States rested, 487;

liability of the United States to become paymasters themselves, in cases where failing, by war or negotiation, to obtain redress they make a treaty settlement surrendering or abandoning the claims, 487;

this point examined, 487;

governments not bound to push such interests to the extremity of a war, 487;

ought not to go back thirty-four years and call in question the judgment of Washington's administration, 488;

another instance of abandonment, 488;

speech of Mr. Webster, 488;

grounds of the claims, 489;

speech of Mr. Wright, 489;

relations between France and the United States prior to the disturbances, 489;

stipulations of treaties, 490, 491;

origin of the claims which formed the subject of the bill, 491;

reference to acts of Congress to prove that war existed between the United States and France, 493;

the treaty of 1800, 495;

what object in the negotiation of 1800, 496;

liability of the United States, 496;

further remarks, 497, 498;

propositions established, 500;

the advocates of the bill concede that two positions must be established on their part to sustain it, 500, 501, 502, 503.

Speech of Mr. Webster, 505;

"essentially a judicial question, 505;

oldness of the claims, 505;

said most of them have been bought up, 505;

report of the Secretary of State presenting a general view of the history and character of these claims, 506;

before the interference of our government with them they constituted just demands against France, 507;

grounds upon which the claims are vested by the claimants, 507;

points admitted, 508;

propositions to be established, 508;

were these subsisting claims against France at the time of the treaty? 508;

these claims released and relinquished by the amendment of the treaty and its ratifications, 511;

these claims surrendered or released by the government on national considerations, 511;

further remarks," 512, 513, 514.

Speech of Mr. Benton, 514;

"the whole stress of the question lies in a few simple facts, 514;

assumed grounds on which the claims rest, 515;

on what grounds is it maintained that the United States received a valuable consideration for these claims? 515;

the case as between France and us relative to these claims, 515;

our obligation under the guarantee of France, 515;

the justice and validity of the claims themselves, 516;

how can the American people be pressed to pay these claims when it would be unreasonable to press France herself to pay them? 516;

it is said the United States have received full consideration from France for these claims, 517;

exertions made by the United States on behalf of these claims, 518;

what were the losses which led to these claims? 519;

one of the most revolting features of this bill is its relation to the insurers, 519;

what sum of money will this bill abstract from the treasury?" 520;

bill passed the Senate, 521;

lost in the House, 521;

claim agencies and assignments should be broken up, 521;

assignees and agents constitute a profession, 521.

G

Gaillard, John, Senator from South Carolina, 7;

President of the Senate, 7;

votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8;

decease of, 77;

nearly thirty years in the Senate, 77;

nine times elected president of the Senate, 77;

his character as presiding officer, 77.

Gallatin, Albert, candidate for the Vice Presidency in 1824, 45;

commissioner at Ghent, 71;

negotiates for joint occupation of Oregon, 109;

interview with Huskisson, 126.

Giles, Wm. B., decease of, his peculiar talent, 683;

the Charles Fox of the House, 683;

his character, 683.

Gilmer, George, Representative from Georgia, 7;

Governor, 7;

action relative to the Cherokees, 165.

Globe Newspaper, the establishment of.—

An interview, 129;

scheme to set aside Gen. Jackson and run Mr. Calhoun for the next President, 129;

propositions, 129;

communicated to General Jackson, 129;

the Telegraph newspaper, 129;

Francis P. Blair, 129;

how brought to the notice of General Jackson, 129;

establishes the Globe newspaper, 130;

stand taken by, 182.

Gold currency, remarks of Mr. Benton upon a, 436;

bills to equalize the value of gold and silver and legalizing the tender of foreign coins in either, brought forward, 469;

the relative value of the two metals, 469;

experience of Mexico and South America, 469;

16 to 1, 469;

bill passed, 469;

its good effects, 469, 470.

Government, the, its personal aspect in 1820, 7.

Granny White, the case of, 105.

Grundy, Felix, offers anti-nullification resolutions, 34.

H

Hall, Thomas H., Representative from North Carolina, 7.

Hamar, Thomas L., on the admission of Arkansas, 634.

Hamilton, General, argument for a national bank drawn from the Indian War, 2.

Hamilton, James A., acts as Secretary of State, 119.

Hardin, Benjamin, Representative from Kentucky, 7.

Hartford convention.—Design of secession imputed to, 4.

Hayne, Robert Y., on revision of the tariff, 99;

on the duty on indigo, 99;

on sales of the public lands, 132;

debate with Webster, 138, 140;

in reply to Webster, 140;

against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215;

on southern resistance to the tariff, 274.

Hendricks, William, Representative from Indiana, 7.

Hill, Isaac, on abolition petitions, 614.

Holmes, John, Senator from Maine, 7;

votes for the admission of Missouri, 9;

against Van Buren as Minister to England, 215.

Horsey, Outerbridge, votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.

House of Representatives.—

Errors of De Tocqueville, 205;

reputation of the work in Europe, 205;

immense superiority attributed to the Senate arising from the different manner of election, 205;

statement of De Tocqueville, 205;

its tenor to disparage democracy—to attack the principle of popular elections, 205;

advantage of extending instead of restricting the privilege of the direct vote, 206;

further remarks on his statement, 206;

every man of eminence has owed his first elevation to popular elections, 206;

experience of England, Scotland, Ireland and Rome, of the success of a direct vote, 206;

popular election the safest and wisest mode of election, 206;

the difference then between the two Houses has vanished, 206;

causes to account for an occasional difference, 206;

statesmen not improvised, 207;

time often required to carry measures, 207;

instance parliamentary reform, 207;

other great British measures, 207;

short service the evil of the House, 207;

instances of Adams and Randolph retaken up by the people when dropped from the Senate, 207;

this error disparages the controlling branch of our Government, 207;

the British House of Commons, 208;

the Senate now occupies prominent public attention, 208.

Hunter, William, Senator from Rhode Island, 7.

I

Imprisonment for debt, abolition of.—

Act of Congress passed to abolish all imprisonment on process issuing from the courts of the United States, 292;

effect of the example, 292;

report, 292;

extracts, 292;

"power of the creditor over the debtor in ancient Greece and Rome, 292;

the history of English jurisprudence furnishes the remarkable fact that for many centuries personal liberty could not be violated for debt, 292;

progress of imprisonment in England, 293;

further remarks," 293;

act passed, 293;

effect upon the States, 293;

imprisonment condemned by morality, by humanity, and by the science of political economy, 294.

Incendiary publications circulated by mail.—

Moved, that so much of the President's message as related to this subject be referred to a select committee, 580;

opposed, should go to the committee on post-offices and post-roads, 580;

object to secure a committee that would calmly investigate the whole subject, 580;

discussion relative to the committee, 580;

special committee appointed, 580;

bill and report, 580;

dissent of various members of the committee from the sentiments of the report, 581;

two parts exceptionable, 581;

the nature of the Federal Government founded in "compact" and on interference of non-slave States with slavery in other States, 581;

extracts from the report, 581, 582, 583;

insidiousness of the report consisted in the assumption of impending danger of the abolition of slavery in all the slave States, and the necessity for extraordinary means to prevent these dire calamities, when the fact was that there was not one particle of any such danger, 584;

the report foreshadows disunion, 584;

in vain to expect security or protection for the slaveholding States except from themselves, and concert only wanted among them to obtain this end, 584;

Calhoun recurs to secession for a new grievance, 585;

remark of Clay relative to the compromise of 1833, 585;

remarks of Mr. Webster, 586;

examination of the features of the bill, 586;

remarks of Mr. Clay on the bill, 586;

the bill not only unnecessary, but as a law of dangerous, if not a doubtful authority, 586;

whence did Congress derive the power to pass this law? 587.

Votes on the bill, 587;

three successive tie votes, 587;

yeas and nays called, 587;

the Vice-President called for, 587;

gives the casting vote for engrossment, 587;

remarks on the vote of various Senators, 587.

Indian Factory System.—

Its origin, 21;

objects, 21;

how carried on, 21;

its inside working, 21;

bill to repeal passed, 21;

shows how long the Indians and the Government may be cheated without knowing it, 21.

Indians, removal of.—

Large tracts held by the Indians in South and Western States in 1821, 27;

early policy of the Government, 27;

applications to the Federal Government incessant for their removal, 27;

what has become of the tribes in the older States? 27;

speech of Elliot, 27;

views of Jefferson, 28;

action of Monroe's administration, 28;

process for effecting the removal, 28;

bill passed, 28;

treaties ratified, 29;

the system of removal begun, 29.

Creeks, removal from Georgia.—

Agreement between the United States and Georgia, 58;

treaty of removal concluded in 1824, 58;

resisted by the nation, 59;

attempts to enforce it by the State of Georgia, 59;

interference of the Administration, 59;

new treaty negotiated, 59;

objections to it in the Senate, 59;

further negotiation, 59;

treaty ratified, 59;

an incident, 59;

remarks of Van Buren, 60;

remarks of Benton, 61;

others, 62, 63.

Cherokees, removal from Georgia.—

Facts of the case, 624;

combination of obstacles, 624;

proceedings relative to, 624;

treaty with the Cherokees, 624;

amount of the stipulation, 624;

treaty opposed in the Senate, 624;

protest from the Cherokee nation, 625;

proposition to reject the treaty, 625;

close vote, 625;

saved by free State votes, 626;

involved an extension of slavery, 626;

just and fraternal spirit of the free States to their southern brethren, 626.

Final removal of.—

This policy when commenced, 690;

completed, 690;

effects, 690;

extent of the removals, 690;

increase of area of slave population, 691;

conduct of the northern States, 691;

outcry against General Jackson, 691;

statements of De Tocqueville, 691;

remarks, 692;

amount of payments to the Indians, 692;

the smaller remote tribes, 693;

the Indian bureau, 693.

Indian sovereignties within States.—

Indian oligarchies set up in some of the States, 163;

remarks of President Jackson's message in 1829-30, 164;

"the condition and ulterior destiny of the Indian tribes within States, an object of much interest, 164;

has the General Government a right to sustain them in erecting an independent government within the limits of a State? 164;

reference to the constitution, 164;

their efforts discountenanced," 164;

passage of an act to enable their removal recommended, 164;

an old policy taken hold of by party spirit, 164;

proceedings in Georgia, 164;

proceedings of the Cherokees, 164;

action of Governor Gilmer relative to the suit of the Cherokees, 165;

charge of Judge Clayton to the Grand Jury of the Indian countries, 165;

address of Milner to the Foreign Missionary Society of London, 165;

remarks, 166;

the case of George Tassels, 166;

answer of Governor Gilmer to a request to make up a case before the United States Supreme Court, 166;

settlement, 166.

Ingham, Samuel D., Secretary of the Treasury, 119;

resigns his seat in the cabinet, 181.

Internal Improvements within the States, source of the question, 3;

New York canal finished, 22;

roads and canals all the vogue, 22;

candidates for the Presidency spread their sails, 22;

advocates of the measure, 22;

two prominent subjects discussed, 22;

extent of the design, 22;

Monroe's veto, 22;

the statement of the question, 22;

constitutional point how viewed in the message, 23;

the post-office and post-road grant of power, 23;

the war power, 23;

the power to regulate commerce, 24;

to pay debts and provide for the general welfare, 24;

to make laws necessary and proper, 25;

to make needful rules and regulations, 26;

the point on which Mr. Monroe yielded, 26;

the act for surveys passed, 26;

places recommended for improvement, 26;

veto message of Jackson, 26;

fate of the system, 27.

J

Jackson, Andrew, views on the cession of Texas, 16;

on internal improvement, 22;

candidate for the Presidency in 1824, 44;

message relative to a removal of the Indians, 164;

veto of Maysville road bill, 167;

letter to Van Buren, relative to his agency in the rupture of the cabinet, 217;

veto of the recharter of the bank, 251;

elected President, 282;

proclamation against South Carolina, 299;

retains the bill to distribute the proceeds of the sales of the public lands, 364;

veto, 365.

His administration.—

His inaugural address, 119;

his cabinet, 119;

members of Congress, 120;

Speaker, 121;

recommendations of his first annual message, 121;

"amendment of the constitution relative to elections of President and Vice President," 121;

remarks, 122;

amendment to the constitution too far removed from the people, 122;

events impressively urge it, 122;

not another example on earth of a free people surrendering the choice of their President, 122;

exclusion of members of Congress from office recommended, 122;

remarks of the message on this point, 122;

the policy recommended respecting the navy, 122;

instructions to Virginia Senators in 1800, 122;

the army and navy as found by President Jackson, 123;

recommendations relative to ship building, 123;

the inutility of the Bank of the United States asserted, 123;

remarks of the message, 123;

manner in which they were perverted, 123;

the finances, 124;

other recommendations, 124.

Breaking up of the Cabinet.—

Resignation of the members, 181;

courtesy of the proceeding, 181;

ground upon which the President placed the required resignations, 181;

the new cabinet, 181;

excitement in party politics, 181;

attack on Mr. Crawford, 181;

his answer, 181;

exposure of errors of the pamphlet of Calhoun, 181;

the words of Mr. Crawford, 182;

change in the course of the Telegraph newspaper, 182;

the stand taken by the Globe.—See Globe newspaper.

Twenty-second Congress, 208;

the Speaker, 209;

message, 210;

boundary between Maine and New Brunswick referred to the King of Netherlands, 210;

his opinion on the case, 210;

our claims with France, 210;

a treaty made, 210;

differences with Spain, 210;

claims against Naples, 211;

our demands on the Sicilies, 211;

relations with Russia, 211;

effect of our treaty with Austria, 211;

China and the East Indies, 212;

Mexico, 212;

Central America, 212;

South American powers, 212;

state of the finances, 213;

insolvent debtors to the Government, 213;

election of President and Vice President by a direct vote of the people, 213;

the bank of the United States, 213.

Message after a second election, 283;

wholly confined to business topics, 283;

the finances, 283;

extinguishment of the national debt, 283;

reduction of burthens on the people, 283;

protection should be limited to a few articles of indispensable necessity, 284;

views on the public lands, 284;

should cease to be a source of revenue soon as practicable, 284;

the federal title should be extinguished in the States, 284;

donations or sales at barely reimbursing prices is the wise policy of the government, 284;

after a fixed day the surrender of that unsold should take place, 284;

advantages of this course, 284;

removal of the Indians nearly consummated, 285;

obstacles to the removal of the Indian tribes, 285;

the removals seized upon by party spirit, 285;

Congress appealed to and refused to intervene, 285;

the Supreme Court appealed to and refused the application, 285;

the case of the missionaries, 285;

the case of Tassells, 285;

interference in the affairs of Georgia, 286;

an intimation given of the insolvency of the bank and the insecurity of the public deposits, 286;

this intimation received with scorn by the friends of the bank, 286;

conduct of the bank in relation to the payment of five millions of the three per cent. stock, 286;

the attitude of South Carolina, 286;

opposition to the revenue laws, 286.

Message to 23d Congress, 371;

the state of the finances, 371;

remarks relative to an economical administration, 371;

reasons for the removal of the public deposits, 371;

amendments to the constitution recommended, 372;

remarks on conventions, 372.

Combination against General Jackson.—

Incident in the career of Mr. Fox, leader in the House of Commons, 400;

union against Gen. Jackson, 400;

their movements take a personal and vindictive character, 400;

power of the bank to produce distress, 401;

speakers, 401;

the business of the combination divided—distress and panic the object, 401;

the friends of General Jackson, 401;

speech of Mr. Clay on the removal of the deposits, 402.

"In the midst of a revolution, hitherto bloodless, 402;

the Judiciary has not been exempted from the prevailing rage for innovation, 402;

a large proportion of the good nod enlightened men of the Union are yielding to sentiments of despondency, 402;

at the close of last session the power of Congress over the purse was left untouched, 403;

after all the testimonies of the safety of the public money, who would have supposed that the place would have been changed? 403;

by virtue of whose will, power, dictation, were the deposits removed? 404;

the President has no power over the Public Treasury, 404;

some of the tremendous consequences which may ensue from this high-handed measure, 405;

what security have the people against the lawless conduct of the President? 405;

the instance of Cæsar, 405;

what is it our duty to do?" 406;

remarks in reply, 406.

"The first of the resolutions a direct impeachment of the President, 406;

we are trying an impeachment, 406;

the Senate should consider well before they proceed further, 407;

the right of the President to dismiss his secretaries, 407;

two other impeachments going on at the same time, 407;

the President on trial for a high crime, 407;

for a misdemeanor, 408;

the Secretary of the Treasury on trial, 408;

the charge of being the instrument of the President, 408;

people called upon to rise and drive the Goths from the capitol, 409;

the bank was not the Treasury of the United States, 409;

fourteenth article of the bank charter, 409;

the legal existence of the Treasury brought out by the debates," 410.

Union of Clay and Calhoun against Jackson, 411;

speech of Calhoun, 411;

gives Clay assurance of aid, 411;

the robbery of the Treasury, 411;

the revolution not to go backwards, 412;

entirely owing to the military nod nullifying attitude of South Carolina that the compromise was passed, 412;

a political coalition to act against Gen. Jackson, 412;

opposition to the "usurpations" of the President, 413;

contempt and scorn at the Secretary's reasons for removing the deposits, 413;

the removal of Secretary Dunne an abuse of power, 413;

Calhoun's independence of the bank, 414;

Clay disclaims all connection with the bank, 414;