«Подземная железная дорога: от рабства к свободе»

disavowal of fugitive recovery clause in Constitution by, 310;

convention of, in Syracuse during Jerry rescue, 318, 320;

abolitionists' share in organization of, 326.

Lightfoot, James, befriended by Josiah Henson, 177, 178.

Lincoln, Abraham, intervention of, in behalf of the abductor C. Fairbank, 159, 160;

Proclamation of Emancipation by, 287;

signs bill repealing Fugitive Slave Law, 288;

mentioned, 330;

election of, signal for secession, 352;

efforts of, to preserve the Union, 355.

Linton, Seth, on an abduction by Canadian refugee, 152.

Livingston and La Salle counties, Ill., chart of simple line through, 139.

Lockhart, Rev. Jesse, 32.

Loguen, Rev. J. W., agent, 126, 251;

first experience in Canada, 198;

passenger on U. G. R. R., 340.

Loring, Edward G., on the power of a commissioner, 271;

Burns remanded to slavery by, 332;

removed from the office of judge of probate, 333.

Loring, Ellis Gray, 133;

counsel for fugitive slaves, 283.

Louis, escape of, from court-room in Cincinnati, 85.

Louisiana, effect of purchase of, 26;

abducting trip of A. M. Ross into, 28;

fugitives from, 109;

escape of abductor John Mason from New Orleans, 185;

Canadian refugees from, 195;

Elgin Settlement projected by Wm. King, former slaveholder of, 202, 207.

Louisville, Ky., agent in, 151.

Louisville, New Albany and Chicago Railroad, 79, 144.

Lovejoy, Elijah P., 107, 171.

Lovejoy, Hon. Owen, defies Fugitive Slave Law in Congress, 107;

arrested for aiding fugitives, 283.

Low, case of Hill vs., 273.

Lowell, poem of, read at the funeral of Charles T. Torrey, 170.

Lower Canada, underground route via Portland, Me., to, 133.

Lucas, Geo. W. S., colored agent of U. G. R. R., 70.

Lundy, Benjamin, 308.

McClurkin, Jas. B. and Thomas, 14, 15.

McCoy, William, reward for abduction of, 53.

McCrory, Robert, 38.

McHenry, Jerry, rescue of, 72, 86, 239, 318, 320, 326;

place of embarkation of, for Canada, 127.

McIntire, Gen., a Virginian operator, 88.

McKiernon, on fate of abductor Miller, 161, 162.

McKim, J. Miller, on organization of Philadelphia Vigilance Committee, 75.

McLean, Judge, on the power of a commissioner, 270-272.

McQuerry, case of Miller vs., 269, 271.

McQuerry, George Washington, seizure of, 241.

Madison, on the fugitive slave clause in the Constitution, 294.

Mad River Railroad, 78, 143.

Magazine of Western History, on U. G. R. R., 5.

Magill, Dr. Edward H., on lines of travel in eastern Pennsylvania, 122.

Mahan, Rev. John B., reward for abduction of, 53;

on abduction of slaves from the South, 150.

Maine, rise of U. G. R. R, in, 37;

steam railroad transportation for fugitives in, 80, 81;

stowaways on vessels from Southern ports arrive in, 81;

Gen. Samuel Fessenden, an operator in, 106;

routes of, 133, 134;

personal liberty law of, 246.

Mallory, of Kentucky, on repeal of Fugitive Slave Law, 288.

Mann, Mrs. Horace, friend of Harriet Tubman,

186.

Maps of U. G. R. R., method of preparation of, 113;

general map, facing 113;

map of lines of Chester and neighboring counties of Pennsylvania, facing 113;

lines in Morgan County, O., 136;

map of lines of Indiana and Michigan in 1848, 138;

map of simple route through Livingston and La Salle counties, Ill., 139;

map of network of routes through Greene, Warren and Clinton counties, O., 140.

Marsh, Gravner and Hannah, subjected to espionage, 50;

conveyance of fugitives in market wagon by the latter, 60, 61.

Martin, case of Jack vs., 256, 257, 260.

Martin, Lewis, case of, 256, 257, 259, 260, 263.

Maryland, abducting trip of A. M. Ross into, 28;

knowledge of Canada among slaves in, 28, 29;

fugitive shipped in a box from Baltimore, 60;

number of slaves abducted from, by Charles T. Torrey, 88;

reward offered to Indians for apprehending fugitives by, 91, 92;

underground routes in, 117;

steady loss from counties of, 119;

movement of fugitives to Wilmington, 121;

agents of U. G. R. R. in Baltimore, 151;

escape of, and abductions by Harriet Tubman from, 186-189;

Canadian refugees from, 195;

fugitives from, in western Pennsylvania, 276;

law against hospitality to fugitive slaves in, 291;

resolution of legislature of, against harboring fugitives, 298;

Rev. Geo. Bourne, a resident of, 303;

Pratt of, on loss sustained by slave-owners of his state, 341.

Mason, John, abductor, 178, 183-185.

Mason, Lewis, counsel in fugitive slave case, 284.

Mason, of Massachusetts, on trial by jury for fugitives, 297.

Mason, of Virginia, on difficulty of recapturing fugitives, 243;

on the Fugitive Slave Law, 311, 312;

on loss sustained by slave-owners of his state, 341.

Massachusetts, extinction of slavery in, 17;

anti-slavery Quakers in, 31;

rise of U. G. R. R. in, 36, 37;

steam railroad transportation for fugitives in, 80;

refusal of German companies from, to aid in restoration of runaways, 92;

underground centres in, 94;

Constitution burned at Framingham, 101;

Defensive League of Freedom proposed in, 103, 104;

Theodore Parker, spiritual counsellor for fugitives in, 110;

routes through, 128-130, 132;

escape of slaves from Virginia to, 144;

estimates of fugitive settlers in Boston and New Bedford, 235;

indignation meetings in, against Slave Law of 1850, 244;

personal liberty law of, 245, 246, 309;

consternation among fugitive settlers in Boston caused by law of 1850, 246-248;

continued residence of fugitives in, after enactment of law of 1850, 250;

removal of fugitives from Pennsylvania to, after passage of law of 1850, 250;

underground men among fugitives in, 251, 252;

case of Commonwealth vs. Griffith tried in, 258, 259;

emancipation by, 293;

Holmes of, on House Fugitive Slave Bill of 1817, 297;

Mason of, on House bill, 297;

early pursuit in Boston and New Bedford, 302;

anti-slavery societies of, 327;

spirit of resistance to law of 1850 in, 327;

public opinion in, after rendition of Burns, 333;

amendment of personal liberty law of, 354.

Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, report of, on evasion of slaves, 193.

Massachusetts Bay, law of, against aiding fugitives, 292.

Matchett, Dr., 16.

May, Rev. S. J., connection with U. G. R. R., 105, 109, 131, 132;

on Southern helpers of U. G. R. R., 116;

friend of Harriet Tubman, 186;

visits of, to Canadian refugees, 199;

on number of fugitive settlers in Northern states, 237;

on instances of regard paid to Fugitive Slave Law, 238;

on Rev. J. W. Loguen, 251;

one of leaders in the Jerry rescue case, 326.

Mechanicsburg, O., importance of stations at, 69, 70;

attempted seizure of Addison White in, 241.

Merritt, Wm. H., colored operator, 92.

Messages, underground, 56-58.

Methodist Church, schism in, 40, 49;

action against slavery taken by, 94;

secession of the Church South, 95.

Methodists, Wesleyan, friends of fugitives, 32, 235;

separation of, from M. E. Church, 50.

Methods, employed by some abductors, 151, 171, 179, 181, 182, 187.

Mexico, a refuge for fugitive slaves, 25;

fugitive clause in treaty with United States of, 299.

Michigan, station in, 16;

organized as free state, 18;

anti-slavery Quakers in, 31;

steam railroad transportation in, 79;

number of fugitives forwarded through Schoolcraft, 88;

Senator J. M. Howard an operator at Detroit, 106;

stations in, 116;

number of routes in, 135;

Falley's map of lines in Indiana and, 137, 138, 139;

direction of routes in, 141;

steam railway branches of U. G. R. R. in, 144;

supplies for fugitives sent to Detroit, 203;

settlement of fugitives at Detroit, 236;

personal liberty law of, 246;

flight of slaves from Detroit, after enactment of law of 1850, 250.

Michigan Central Railroad, 79, 144.

Midland Monthly, the, on U. G. R. R., 5.

Miller, 318.

Miller, a depot agent for "fugitive goods," near Detroit, 203.

Miller, alias Seth Concklin, 161.

Miller, Col. Jonathan P., operator, 107.

Miller, Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, on use of a station on the St. Lawrence, 127 n.

Milligan, Rev. J. S. T., letter of, 13, 14.

Milligans, the, in southern Illinois, 15.

Miller vs. McQuerry, case of, 269.

Minnesota, failure to pass full liberty law in, 246.

Minnis, Wm., 65.

Mission for refugees in Canada, 194.

Mission Institute at Quincy, Ill., 155;

anti-slavery spirit of, 155, 156.

Mississippi, abducting trip of A. M. Ross into, 29, 30;

escape of slaves by boat from, 82;

involved in Brown's scheme of liberation, 167;

Jefferson Davis of, on escape of fugitives from cotton states, 312, 313;

fugitive from Vicksburg, recorded by Osborn, 344.

Mississippi River, a thoroughfare for fugitives, 82, 312, 313;

routes traced from, 134;

terminals along, 136.

Missouri, Brown's raid into, 8, 108, 162-166;

knowledge of Canada among slaves in, 29;

Galesburg, Ill., a refuge for runaways from, 97;

Grinnell, Ia., a refuge for runaways from, 98;

egress of slaves from, 136;

Chicago, the deportation point for fugitives from, 147;

abductions from, 152;

abduction from, by Burr, Work and Thompson, 156;

effects of John Brown's raid in, 165;

number of slaves escaping from, 194;

escape of Wm. Wells Brown from, 252;

grievance of, on account of loss of slaves, 312;

Lawrence, Kan., as known in, 347;

Senator Polk of, on the U. G. R. R., 351, 352.

Missouri Compromise (1820), 100;

fugitive slave clause in, 298;

set aside by Kansas-Nebraska Act, 331;

together with law of 1850 produces crop of personal liberty bills, 245, 246, 338.

Mitchell, fined for aiding fugitives, 279.

Mitchell, Daniel, operator, 131.

Mitchell, Gethro and Anne, operators, 131.

Mitchell, Hon. Thomas, message sent by, 58.

Mitchell, Rev. W. M., author of The Underground Railroad, 2, 3;

account of naming of the U. G. R. R. given by, 45, 46;

on abductor John Mason, 183, 184;

on number of Canadian refugees, 222;

opinion of Canadian government on fugitives as settlers reported by, 233;

on slave-hunting in Northern states, 239.

Monroe, Prof. James, on effect on public sentiment of Margaret Garner case, 303.

Montreal, objective point of fugitives, 140.

Moore, Dr. J. Wilson, on progress made by refugee settlers in Canada, 226, 227;

on civil offices held by refugees, 233.

Moore, Eliakim H., on early assistance of fugitives, 38.

Moore, of Virginia, on loss sustained by slave-owners of his district, 341.

Moores, the, station-keepers, 15.

Morgan County, lines through portion of, 136, 137.

"Moses," name given to Harriet Tubman, 186.

Mott, Richard, M.C., operator, 92, 106.

Mullin, Job, on early operations, 38.

Multiple and intricate trails, 61, 62, 70, 121, 130, 141-146.

Myers, Stephen, colored agent of U. G. R. R., 70, 126.

Nalle, Charles, forcible rescue of, 85.

Nashville Daily Gazette, on trial of Richard Dillingham, 174, 175.

Nationality of underground helpers, 91, 92.

Neall, Daniel, 68.

Nebraska, escape of Nuckolls' slaves from, 52;

egress of slaves from, 136.

Negroes, proposition to enslave free, 26;

settlements of, resorted to by fugitives, 32;

settlements of, in southern Ohio, 115;

in New Jersey, 125;

relative progress of colored people of Canada and free, of United States, 227;

affiliations of voters among Canadian, 233;

rights of, violated by Fugitive Slave Law, 261;

participation of, in rescue of fugitives, 276, 332;

petition against kidnapping of, 296;

increase in number of fleeing, after passage of law of 1850, 316;

arrest of free, 317, 318.

Nelson, Dr. David, 96; abducting enterprises of, 155.

Nelson, Judge, in decision in case of Jack vs. Martin, 257;

on the Fugitive Slave Law, 272.

New Bedford, Mass., estimate of fugitive settlers in, 235, 236;

Frederick Douglass in, 251.

Newberne, N.C., agent in, 68, 81, 117;

escape of slaves from, 144.

New Brunswick, Canada, routes to, 133, 219.

New England, information secured concerning underground lines in, 11;

slavery extinguished in, 17;

anti-slavery settlement in, 31, 93, 171;

rise of U. G. R. R. in, 36, 37;

fugitives from the South landed on coast of, 81, 144;

extent of underground system in, 113;

settlers in Ohio from, 115;

fugitives sent to, 121, 125;

routes of, 128-134, 219;

direction of routes in, 140, 195, 219;

terminal stations in, 145;

career of Lewis Hayden in, 158;

stipulation for return of fugitives in agreement of Confederation of 1643, 292;

memorial asking repeal of Fugitive Slave Law, from Quakers in, 324;

sentiment in, adverse to the South's treatment of the compromises, 331.

New England Anti-Slavery Society, annual meeting of, at time of attempted rescue of Burns, 382.

New England Magazine, on Underground Railroad, 5, 6.

New Garden, Ind. See Fountain City, Ind.

New Hampshire, rise of Underground Railroad in, 36, 37;

routes of, 132, 133;

failure to pass full personal liberty law in, 246;

early opposition to Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, 295.

New Haven, agreement of colony of, with New Netherlands for surrender of fugitives, 19.

New Jersey, slavery extinguished in, 17;

anti-slavery Quakers in, 31;

rise of Underground Railroad in, 34;

routes of, 120, 121, 123-125;

abductors along southern boundaries of, 151;

settlement of fugitive slaves among Quakers at Greenwich, 236;

sanction to Fugitive Slave Law, 246;

slave-owner from, prosecuted, 274;

penalties in, for transporting fugitives, 291, 292.

New Netherlands,

agreement of colony of, with New Haven for surrender of fugitives, 19;

aid prohibited to fugitives in, 290, 291.

New Orleans, escape of abductor John Mason from, to Canada, 185.

Newspapers, accounts of Underground Railroad in, 6, 7;

anti-slavery, 168.

Newton, case of Norris vs., 275, 276.

New York, E. M. Pettit, conductor in southwestern, 4;

slavery extinguished in, 31;

rise of U. G. R. R. in, 34, 35;

special agent in Albany, 70;

effect of rescue of Jerry McHenry in central, 72;

supplies for fugitives provided by Women's Anti-Slavery Society of Ellington, 77;

steam railroad transportation in, 80;

anti-slavery sentiment among Friends in, 93;

favorable conditions for U. G. R. R. in western, 115;

character of population in, 115;

routes of, 120-128;

direction of lines in, 140;

broken lines and isolated place-names in, 141;

terminal stations in, 145, 146;

in the Patriot War, 193;

settlement of fugitives in, 236;

condemnation of Jerry rescue by many newspapers, 239;

seizure of alleged fugitive in Poughkeepsie, 241;

indignation meetings at Syracuse against law of 1850, 244, 320;

personal liberty law of, 245, 246;

flight of slaves from, 250;

agents in, 251-253;

abduction of free negroes from, 269;

colonial law of, to prevent escape of fugitives to Canada, 292;

address to slaves by liberty party convention in, 310;

address of Seward of, in behalf of fugitives, 313;

Jerry rescue in Syracuse, 318;

convention at Syracuse, sends congratulatory message to Wisconsin, 328, 329.

New York City, U. G. R. R. in, 35;

Vigilance Committee of, 71;

indignation meeting at Syracuse against Fugitive Slave Law, 244.

New York Central Railroad, 80.

New York Tribune, letter from John Brown to, 8, 9, 165, 166.

Niagara River, important crossing-places to Canada along, 146.

Nicholson, Valentine, method of disguise of fugitive employed by, 64, 65.

Nomenclature of stations in New Jersey, 124.

Norfolk, Va., escape by boat from, 81, 144, 145;

natural route for escape of slave from, 118.

Norris vs. Newton, case of, 275, 276.

North American Review, on reclamation of fugitives in the North, 243.

North Carolina, Levi Coffin in, 4, 111;

reminiscences relating to, 11;

organization of U. G. R. R. in, (1819,) by Vestal and Levi Coffin, 40;

escape of slaves from, 81, 144, 145;

anti-slavery sentiment among Quakers in, 93;

involved in Brown's plan of liberation, 167;

Canadian refugees from, 195;

law against aiding fugitives in colonial times, 292;

Iredell on slave clause in Constitution before state convention of, 294;

Clingman of, on value of fugitive settlers in Northern states, 341.

Northern Central Railroad, 80, 122, 128, 143, 252, 253.

Northern states, lack of formal organization in underground centres of, 69;

steam railroad transportation for fugitive slaves in, 78-81;

denunciation of law of 1850 in, 90, 243, 244, 318;

list of, through which the underground system extended, 113, 114;

most used underground routes in, 119;

congested district in, 120, 121;

favorable situation of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois for underground work, 134;

sea routes to, 144;

reception of abductor Capt. Walker in, 170, 171;

effect of recital of Capt. Walker's experience upon, 171;

appeal of fugitives to anti-slavery people in, 191;

formation of lines of Underground Road in, during decade 1828-1838, 193;

Canadian refugees visited by abolitionists from, 199-201;

effect of apprenticeship of colored refugees in, 204, 212, 213;

settlement of fugitives in, 235;

number of and risks of fugitive settlers in, 237-240;

slave-hunting in, 240, 241;

effect of Fugitive Slave Law on fugitive slaves in, 241, 242, 246-248;

increased difficulty of reclamation in, 242, 243;

personal liberty laws enacted by, 245, 246;

exodus of fugitives from, 249, 250;

continued residence of fugitive slaves in, after law of 1850, 250, 251;

underground men among fugitives in, 251-253;

first Fugitive Slave Law stirs popular sense of justice in, 255;

antagonism between state and federal Fugitive Slave laws, 259-260;

non-interference of law of 1793 with laws of, 263;

laws of, dealing with subject of fugitive slaves, 264;

disinclination of, to restore fugitives after Prigg decision, 265;

possibility of abduction of free negroes from, under law of 1850, 268, 269;

counsel for fugitives in, 281-285;

attitude of people toward proposed Fugitive Slave Bill of 1860, 286;

object lessons in horrors of slavery in, 290;

abduction of free negroes from, under law of 1793, 295;

vote of members of Congress of, on proposed amendment to slave law of 1793, 296;

proof of early anti-slavery sentiment in, 300;

effect of fugitive slaves' appeal in, 300-303;

effect of Garrisonian movement on resistance to Fugitive Slave Law in, 308, 309;

attitude of population toward fugitives, 313;

significance of vote on law of 1850, 314;

era of slave-hunting in, 316;

Webster's advocacy of obedience to law of 1850 throughout, 320;

brought face to face with slavery bylaw of 1850, 321;

effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin on people of, 323, 324;

Mrs. H. B. Stowe, champion of victims of slavery in, 323;

acceptance of Compromise of 1850 as a substantial political settlement in, 324;

Sumner on import of the appeal of fugitive slaves to communities in, 325;

open defiance to Fugitive Slave Law in, (1850-1860,) 326 et seq.;

confederacy among cities of, proposed to defend fugitives from rendition, 328, 329;

effect of Kansas-Nebraska Act on public feeling in, 331;

double effect of law of 1850 in, 337, 338;

charge of bad faith on part of, unsustained by statistics on fugitive slaves, 342, 343;

underground operations the basis of important charges against, in crisis of 1850, 351, 352;

efforts of Congress to appease spirit of secession, 354;

protest against employment of troops from, as slave catchers, 355;

effect of Underground Road in creating anti-slavery sentiment in, 357.

Northwest Ordinance,

slavery excluded by, 17, 18;

organization of states under, 18;

fugitive slave clause in, quoted, 20, 293;

alleged repugnancy of law of 1793 to, 255, 262, 263;

alleged hostility between law of 1850 and, 268;

protection afforded slave-owners by, 298.

Northwest Territory,

slavery excluded from, 17;

study of map of underground lines in, 120;

multitude of lines within, 134, 135;

appeal to Ordinance of, in effort to overthrow law of 1793, 262, 263;

obligations of a state carved from, 263.

Norton, Mr., 258.

Notable persons among underground helpers, 104-112, 163-189.

Nova Scotia, disappearance of slavery from, 191;

sea routes to, 219;

fugitives sent from Boston to Halifax in, 248.

Nuckolls, escape of slaves of, 52.

Nullification, spirit of, in the North, 326-338.

Number, of underground helpers discovered, 87;

of fugitives befriended by various operators, 87-89, 111;

of fugitives using the valley of the Alleghanies, 118 n.;

of fugitives sent over lines of southeastern Pennsylvania, 121;

of fugitives aided by E. F. Pennypacker in two months, 143 n.;

of terminal stations along northeastern boundary of Northern states, 145;

impossibility of estimating, of fugitives emigrating from any one port, 146;

of fugitives crossing Detroit River, 147;

of fugitives helped by one man to Canada-bound vessels, 147;

of deportation places along southwestern shore of Lake Michigan, 147;

of resorts for refugees in Canada, 148, 149;

of refugee abductors visiting the South annually, 152;

abducted by Fairfield on one trip, 154;

of slaves abducted by Fairbank, 160;

of slaves abducted by Charles T. Torrey, 169;

abducted by Drayton on the Pearl expedition, 172;

of a party rescued by Josiah Henson, 177;

total, abducted by Josiah Henson, 178;

freed by Elijah Anderson, 183;

freed by John Mason, 184;

freed by Harriet Tubman, 186;

forwarded by abolitionists in southern Ohio before the year 1817, 192;

of slaves arriving daily at Amherstburg, Ontario, both before and after enactment of Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, 194;

flocking into Canada, 200;

of negro communities in Canada, 219, 220;

of refugee population in Canada, 220-222, 313;

estimated, of refugee settlers in Boston and New Bedford, 235, 236;

of fugitive settlers in Northern states, 235-237;

of arrests of fugitives between 1850 and 1856 recorded, 240, 241;

of fugitives taking flight from Northern states after law of 1850, 249, 250;

in companies transported by boat across Lake Erie by W. W. Brown, 252;

increase in, of fugitives after passage of the law of 1850, 316;

of slaves lost by the South through flight and abduction estimated, 341, 342;

of fugitives given in census reports for 1850 and 1860, 342;

aided by Osborn, as seen in record kept during five months, 344-346;

of fugitives aided in Lawrence, Kan., during 1855-1859, 348;

of negroes transported by American Colonization Society, 350;

of underground operators in Ohio and other states, 351.

Oberlin, a station, 89, 97, 98, 150;

multiple routes of, 141;

sentiment against abductions in, 150.

Oberlin College, 5;

anti-slavery influence of, 33, 115;

denomination and work of, 97, 98;

C. Fairbank, abductor, student of, 157;

interest of, in Oberlin-Wellington rescue, 336, 337;

celebration at, over victory of abolitionists in Oberlin-Wellington case, 337.

Oberlin-Wellington rescue case, before United States District Court, 279;

penalties levied in, 279;

eminent attorneys in, 282;

account of, 335-337.

Officers of the U. G. R. R., 67;

title of "President" borne by Peter Stewart, 69;

title of "President" bestowed upon Levi Coffin, 111, 112;

Jacob Bigelow called "general manager" of a route, 117;

a "general superintendent" mentioned, 125;

Elijah Anderson designated "general superintendent" of U. G. R. R. in northwestern Ohio, 183.

Ohio, computation of number of slaves escaping into, 10, 346;

special agents or conductors in, 13, 69, 70, 88, 89;

organized as free state, 18;

Fugitive Slave Law of, 22, 47, 48, 237, 238;

underground stations on Western Reserve in, 1815, 28;

anti-slavery sentiment in, 31, 32, 95, 96;

rise of the U. G. R. R. in, 37-40;

Clay declares law of 1850 is enforced in, 48;

night service at stations in, 55, 56;

steam railroad transportation in, 78, 79;

underground operations in southern, 87, 184, 301;

underground helpers of Scotch and Scotch-Irish descent in, 92;

underground centres in, 93;

denominational relations of operators in, 93, 95-98;

Van Zandt case in, 102;

prosecution of Rush R. Sloane of Sandusky, 102;

notable operators in, 104-112;

U. G. R. R. routes through, 113, 119;

distribution of stations in, 114, 115;

favorable situation of, 134;

number of underground paths in, 135;

lines through Morgan County, 136, 137;

direction of routes in, 140, 141;

terminal stations in, 146, 252;

Detroit a receiving station for western routes of, 147;

abductors along the southern boundaries of, 151;

Independent, the, on increase in number of passengers of, 195;

seizure of McQuerry in, 241;

danger of slave-hunting in, 242;

Slave Law denounced by meeting of Ashtabula County, 244;

personal liberty law of, 246;

dismissal of fugitives from custody at Sandusky, 276;

Blake of, introduces bill praying for repeal of law of 1850, 286;

Seward's address in, advising hospitality to fugitives, 313;

Giddings on impossibility of enforcement of law of 1850 in, 315;

contests between state and federal authorities in, 334;

illustrated in Ad. White rescue case, 334, 335, and in Oberlin-Wellington case, 335-337;

Oberlin-Wellington rescue commended by mass-meetings in eastern, 336;

number of underground operators in, 351;

states urged to repeal personal liberty laws by, 354.

Ohio River, a thoroughfare for fugitives, 82;

routes traced northward from, 134;

crossing-place on, 137;

initial stations along the, 139;

escape of Eliza across, at Ripley, 322.

Oliver, Rev. Thos. Clement, on routes of New Jersey, 123-125;

on fugitive settlers in New Jersey, 236.

Oliver vs. Weakley, case of, 276.

Ontario,

surviving fugitives in, 11;

testimony of fugitives in, 27, 29, 76;

fugitives conveyed by boat to Collingwood, 83;

fugitives received by people of Chief Brant in, 92;

goal of the great majority of runaways, 140;

Clay on the admission of the refugee class by, 201;

unsettled condition of, at time of beginning of immigration of fugitives into, 203;

separate schools for negroes in, 229;

action of Parliament of, in encouragement of fugitives, 233.

Ordinance of 1787. See Northwest Ordinance.

Organization, of the U. G. R. R., 67-70;

U. G. R. R. work by an alleged regular, 279;

league for self-protection among negroes in southeastern Pennsylvania, 280;

formal organization of U. G. R. R. in Philadelphia, 309.

Orton, Prof. Edward, 35.

Osborn, Daniel, record kept by, as operator at Alum Creek Settlement, O., 345, 346.

Ottawa, Ill., multiple routes of, 141.

Paine, Byron, political reward of, for defence of Booth, 330.

Parish, F. D., fined for assisting runaways, 277, 278.

Parker, Asbury, fugitive, 76.

Parker, Chief Justice, on searching a citizen's house without warrant for a slave, 258.

Parker, Prof. L. F., on underground work in Iowa, 33, 42, 43, 98.

Parker, Theodore, scrap-book of, relating to renditions of Burns and Sims, 8;

explanation of origin of vigilance committees given by, 71;

public denunciation of Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 by, 90;

indictment of, for attempted rescue of Burns, 103;

journal and letter of, quoted, 109, 110;

supporter of Dr. A. M. Ross, 180;

on number of fugitives in Boston, 235;

aid given by, to William and Ellen Craft, 317;

part in the Burns rendition case, Boston, 331, 332.

Parker, William, leader in Christiana rescue case, 10;

leader in league among fugitives for self-protection, 280.

Parliament, action by Ontario, in encouragement of fugitives, 233.

Patriot, the, Charles T. Torrey, editor of, 169.

Patriot War, part taken by fugitive slaves in, 193.

Patterson, Isaac, operator, 13.

Payne, George J., operator, 89.

Pearl, the schooner, capture of, 172,173.

Peirce, I. Newton, message sent by, 57;

connection with the U. G. R. R., 105, 143.

Penalties, levied for breaking the Fugitive Slave laws, 102, 103, 110;

suffered by Burr, Work and Thompson, 156;

paid by Calvin Fairbank and Miss Delia Webster for abducting Hayden family, 158, 159;

suffered by Charles T. Torrey for abducting slaves, 169;

suffered by Capt. Jonathan Walker for abduction of slaves, 170;

fine and imprisonment of Capt. Drayton, 173;

suffered by Richard Dillingham, 174, 175;

imposed upon W. L. Chaplin for abduction of slaves, 176;

suffered by Elijah Anderson, 183;

created by Slave Law of 1850, 265, 266;

failure of, under law of 1850 to deter resistance to the law, 272, 273;

double penalty under law of 1793, 274, 275;

for hindering arrest of fugitive slaves, 279;

imposed on Booth for aiding in the Glover rescue, 329, 330.

Pennsylvania, slavery extinguished in, 17;

anti-slavery sentiment in, 31, 33;

rise of U. G. R. R. in, 37;

steam railroad transportation in, 79, 80;

operations in Lancaster County, 87;

in Chester County, 88;

protest of German Friends in, against slave-dealing, 93;

numerous underground centres among Quakers of southeastern, 94;

Presbytery of Mahoning, helps form a new church, 96;

Presbyterian operators in western, 97;

Unitarian centre at Meadville, 98;

prosecution of Daniel Kauffman of Cumberland County, 102;

Thomas Garrett, native of, 110;

extent of U. G. R. R. system through, 113;

favorable condition for U. G. R. R. in western, 115;

study of map of U. G. R. R. lines in New Jersey, New York and, 120;

routes of eastern, 121, 122;

routes of western, 123;

direction of lines in, 140;

multiple and intricate routes in southeastern, 141;

broken lines and isolated place-names in, 141;

terminal stations in, 144, 145;

abductors along southern boundaries of, 151;

fugitive settlers in northwestern, 236;

Fugitive Slave Law of, 237, 238, 260;

seizure of family of negroes at Uniontown in, 241;

liberty law of, 246, 309;

exodus of fugitives from, after enactment of law of 1850, 250;

Prigg case in, 260, 261;

law of, against aiding fugitives in colonial times, 292;

emancipation by, 293;

petition of Abolition Society of, for milder slave law, 296;

Sergeant of, on House Fugitive Slave Bill of 1817, 297;

complaints against people of, for harboring fugitives, 298;

early pursuit in eastern, 302;

Christiana case in, 317-319;

kidnapping of free negro in, 318.

Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, Wm. Still, clerk of, 3, 75;

Harriet Tubman, a visitor at office of, 187.

Pennsylvania Railroad, 30.

Pennypacker, Elijah F., letter of, relating to fugitives, 79 n., 143 n.;

station-keeper, 121.

Personal liberty laws, object of, 245, 357;

Buchanan's recommendations regarding, 286, 353, 354;

of Massachusetts and other states, 309;

enacted by Wisconsin, 330;

slave-catchers indicted under, 336;

characteristic of period 1840-1860, 337;

induced by Missouri Compromise and law of 1850, 338;

referred to as a grievance by Jones of Georgia, 351.

Peterboro, N.Y., station of Gerrit Smith in, 127, 128;

visited by abductor A. M. Ross, 180;

address to slaves issued from, 310.

Petersburg, Va., agent in, 118.

Pettijohn, Amos, reward for abduction of, 53.

Pettit, Eber M., author of Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, 2;

characterization of his book, 4;

on number of main routes in New York, 125.

Philadelphia, Vigilance Committee of, 3, 71, 75, 76, 80-82, 121, 145, 232;

fugitives aided in, 10;

continuous record of, as an underground centre, 34;

anti-slavery sentiment among Friends in, 93;

outlet from, 122;

receives absconding chattels from Newberne, 144,

from Baltimore, 151;

trial of Christiana case in, 281, 319;

counsel for fugitives in, 317;

computation of fugitives aided in, 346, 347.

Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, 79, 143.

Phillips, Wendell, indictment of, 103;

address in Faneuil Hall on the occasion of the Burns case, 332.

Piatt, slaves lost by family of, 283.

Pickard, S. T., on U. G. R. R. work in Portland, Me., 133.

Pickrell, Mahlon, on period of operations in Ohio, 39.

Pierce, Franklin, meaning of election of, 321.

Pierce, William S., counsel for fugitive slaves, 284.

Pinckney, on fugitive slave clause in the Constitution, 21, 294.

Pindall, of Virginia, on a bill for increased security of slave property, 296.

Pinkerton, Allen, friend of John Brown, 165.

Place, Maurice, 15, 16.

Platt, Jirch, diary of, 9;

hiding-place on farm of, 63.

Poindexter, James, 253.

Poindexter, a colored abductor of Jackson, O., 151.

Poland, Hon. Joseph, operator, 107, 130.

Politics, of underground workers, 99-101;

Canadian refugees in, 232, 233.

Polk, of Missouri, accusations against the North on account of U. G. R. R., 351, 352.

Porter, Rev. J., hiding-place in church of, 63.

Portsmouth, Va., escape of slaves from, 81, 144; agent in, 118.

Pratt, of Maryland, on Seward's speech advising hospitality to fugitives, 313;

on loss sustained by slave-owners of his state, 341.

Prentiss, Henry J., 103.

Presbyterian Church, anti-slavery sentiment in, 31, 32, 95-97;

J. J. Rice, missionary among Canadian refugees, minister of, 200;

Rev. William King, minister of, 207;

support of Elgin Settlement in Canada by, 208;

Rev. John Rankin, pastor of a, 306.

Prigg vs. Pennsylvania, case of, 259, 260, 264-267, 289, 297, 309;

new class of personal liberty laws following, 245, 246;

effect of decision of, 309.

Prosecutions, for aiding fugitives, 102, 103, 254;

cases of, under laws of 1793 and 1850, 273-281;

for aiding fugitive slaves, 283-285;

effect of prosecutions, 317;

Prof. Edward Channing on importance of, 317 n.;

of Booth for aiding in Glover rescue, 329, 330.

Pro-slavery sentiment in Congress, 173.

Providence and Worcester Railroad, 80, 130, 143.

Pursuit of fugitive slaves, 51, 52,

59, 65, 164, 302;

increase in frequency of, 308;

effect of Prigg decision on, 309;

after passage of law of 1850, 316;

instances of, 317.

Purvis, Robert, record of number of fugitives helped by, 10, 346;

president of organized society of the U. G. R. R., 68, 309;

account of the organization by, 68;

chairman of the General Vigilance Committee of Philadelphia, 75;

in rescue of Basil Dorsey, 85;

New Jersey route described by, 125;

on abduction by son of a planter, 153.

Putnam, David, underground letters of, 10;

record of night service at station of, 55, 56;

secret signal used by, 56;

facsimile of message received by, 57.

Putnam, George W., on route in New Hampshire, 133.

Quakers, Levi Coffin one of the, 4;

underground centres in communities of, 6, 90, 115-120, 125;

Alum Creek Settlement of, 10;

agents and operators among the, 31, 38, 39, 53, 92, 94, 98, 124, 131;

pro-slavery sentiment among, 49;

costume of, used as a disguise, 67;

Washington's comment on a society of Philadelphia, 68;

as conservators of abolition ideas, 93;

result of appeal to societies of, in Massachusetts, 99;

political affiliations of, 100;

devotees of U. G. R. R. work among, 110-112;

John Brown's party entertained by, in Iowa, 164;

words of the Quaker poet, Whittier, quoted, 171;

Quaker abductor Richard Dillingham, 174;

at Richmond, Ind., befriend Josiah Henson, 177;

at Fountain City, Ind., 199;

visits of several, to Canadian refugees, 199;

safety sought by fugitive settlers among, 235, 236;

protection afforded fugitives by Quakers of New Bedford, Mass., 258;

defendants in case of rescue, 274;

in Christiana case, 280, 281;

petition of Baltimore, against kidnapping, 296;

memorial of, for repeal of Fugitive Slave Law, 324;

record of fugitives in Alum Creek Settlement of, 344-346.

Quebec, early emigration of fugitive slaves to, 218.

Queen's Bush, early settlement of, by refugees, 204, 218.

Quincy, Ill., multiple routes of, 141.

Quincy, Josiah, his account of first known rescue of fugitive under arrest quoted, 83, 84;

opponent of fugitive slave legislation, 283.

Quitman, Gen. John A., 341.

Quixot, Stephen, fugitive from Virginia, 51.

Racine, Wis., Glover rescue in, 327.

Railroads, steam, use of, for transportation of fugitives, 35, 59, 78-81, 122-124, 128, 130, 132, 133, 142-145, 164, 165, 183;

terminology of U. G. R. R. borrowed from vocabulary of, 67.

Railroad, Underground. See Underground Railroad.

Ramsey, Rev. R. G., on route in southern Illinois, 14.

Randolph, the slave, in case of Commonwealth vs. Griffith, 258.

Rankin, Rev. John, reward for abduction of, 53;

secret cellar in barn of, 63;

anti-slavery preaching and practice of, 96;

station of, at Ripley, O., 109;

on immediate abolition, 306, 307;

Letters on Slavery by, 308.

Rantoul, Robert, Jr., counsel for fugitive slaves, 283.

Rathbun, Levi, station-keeper, 69, 70.

Ratliff, Hon. John, 15, 16.

Ray, Rev. Chas. B., on New York routes, 126.

Ray vs. Donnell and Hamilton, case of, 278.

Reading Railroad, 122.

Rebellion, Lincoln's proclamation regarding states continuing in, 287.

Recollections of an Abolitionist, by Dr. A. M. Ross, 179-183.

Redpath, James, on effects of John Brown's raid, 165.

Reed, Fitch, on arrival of abductor Fairfield and company of slaves in Canada, 154 n.

Reed, Gen., fugitives carried by boats of, 82.

Reed, John, on misinformation about Canada among slaves, 198.

Reform party, political affiliations of negro voters in Canada with, 233.

Refugees' Home Settlement, of Canadian refugees, 205, 209, 210;

regulations of, 215-217;

dissatisfaction in, 216, 217.

Reminiscences, collection of, 11;

value of, 12-16.

Rendition of escaped slaves, early Northern sentiment on, Southern sentiment regarding, 21;

question of, in crisis of 1851, 285;

of Sims in Boston, 317;

of Burns, 331-333.

Republican Leader, the, articles on the U. G. R. R. in, 6.

Republican party, effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin on young voters in, 324;

forerunner of, in Wisconsin, 329;

chief reliance of freedom declared to be in, repeal of Fugitive Slave Law demanded by, 337;

organized U. G. R. R. said to be maintained by, 351;

four governors belonging to, advise repeal of personal liberty bills, 354.

Rescue, of fugitives, 38, 39, 83-86, 240, 275, 276, 284, 336;

attempts at, after 1850, 240, 273;

provisions of law of 1850 to prevent, 266;

of slaves, an expensive undertaking, 277;

increase in frequency of, 308;

during era of slave-hunting in the North, 316;

of Shadrach, 317, 319;

of Jerry McHenry, 318, 320;

of Glover, 327-330;

of Burns, attempted, 331-333.

Reynolds, Hon. John, on spirit of nullification in Illinois, 333, 334.

Rhode Island, anti-slavery Quakers in, 31;

rise of U. G. R. R. in, 36;

steam railroad transportation for fugitives in, 80;

underground centres in, 94;

routes of, 131;

station at Valley Falls, 144;

reception to Capt. Walker at Providence, 171;

personal liberty law of, 245, 246, 309;

colonial law against aiding fugitives in, 292;

emancipation by, 293;

repeal of personal liberty law by, 354.

Rhodes, James Ford, on the U. G. R. R., 1;

on remote political effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin, 324;

on spirit of the personal liberty laws, 338 n.

Rice, Rev. Isaac J., mission in Canada kept by, 194, 200;

supplies kept for refugees by, 214.

Richardson, Lewis, cause of flight of, 27.

Richmond, Va., fugitive shipped from, in a box, 60;

fugitives escape by boat from, 145.

Riddle, Albert G., counsel in Oberlin-Wellington case, 282.

Ripley, O., John Rankin in, 109, 306;

abductor at, 153;

escape of Eliza across Ohio River at, 322.

River routes of U. G. R. R., 81, 82, 118, 123, 129, 134, 138, 142;

crossings on Detroit River, 147;

Jefferson Davis on escape of slaves by Mississippi River, 312, 313.

Robin case, slavery terminated in Lower Canada by decision in, 191.

Robinson, case of ex parte, 270, 282.

Robinson, Rowland E., on routes in Vermont, 130.

Ross, Dr. A. M., abductor, 28-30, 178-182;

as a naturalist, 183.

Ruggles, David, agent in New York City, 35, 126;

Frederick Douglass befriended by, 71 n.

Russell, Hon. A. J., operator, 107.

Rycraft, colleague of Booth in the Glover rescue case, 329.

Sabin, Hon. Alvah, operator, 107.

Salsburg family, 87.

Sanborn, F. B., on Harriet Tubman, 186;

on number of fugitive settlers in Northern states, 237;

letter to, on the U. G. R. R. depot at Lawrence, Kan., 347-350.

San Domingo, servile insurrection in, 340.

Sandusky, Dayton and Cincinnati Railroad, 78.

Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark Railroad, 78.

Sandusky, O., first fugitive at, (1820,) 39;

arrival of company of fugitives at, 76;

boat service from, 83;

prosecution of Rush R. Sloane of, 210, 276;

as a terminal, 183, 185;

trial of F. D. Parish of, 277.

Saxton, Gen. Rufus, on work of Harriet Tubman, 189.

Sayres, indictment of, for attempted abduction, 173.

Schooley, W. D., operator, 88.

Schools, for refugees in Canada, 199, 200, 205-208, 210, 214, 215, 228, 229;

Sunday-schools, 330.

Scioto Company, organized by anti-slavery men, 38.

Scotch-Irish, the, in underground service, 92.

Scotch, the, in underground service, 92.

Scott, Gen. Winfield, presidential candidate of Whigs, 321.

Scott, James, tried for aiding in rescue of Shadrach, 269, 270.

Scripture, quoted by the abolitionists, 150, 306, 307.

Sea routes of the U. G. R. R., 81, 82, 118, 129, 133, 144, 145, 148, 219.

Seceders, friends of runaways, 13.

Secession, begun, 352, 353;

efforts of the legislatures of the Northern states to appease the spirit of, 354;

North's refusal to surrender fugitives one of the chief reasons for, 357.

Sentinel, the, articles in, on the Underground Railroad, 6.

Sentinel, the, chapters of "A History of Anti-Slavery Days" in, 6.

Sergeant, of Pennsylvania, on new Fugitive Slave Bill, 297.

Seward, F. W., on places of deportation of fugitive slaves, 145 n.

Seward, Wm. H., gives bail for Gen. Chaplin, 176;

on Harriet Tubman, 185;

aid given to Harriet Tubman by, 189;

in the Van Zandt case, 282;

speech advising hospitality to fugitive slaves, 313;

signs the bond of rescuers of Jerry McHenry, 320.

Sewell, Samuel E., counsel for fugitive slaves, 283.

Shadrach, route taken by, after his rescue in Boston, 132;

counsel in case of, 283;

seizure of, 247;

rescue of, 317, 319.

Shaw, Chief Justice, on Slave Law of 1793, 270.

Sheldon, Edward, indicted for helping fugitives, 284.

Shotwell, A. L., claimant of slave Tamar, 159.

Sider, Joseph, abductor, 60, 157.

Sidney, Allen, on misinformation about Canada among slaves, 197.

Signals, employed in the U. G. R. R service, 125, 156.

Sims, Theodore Parker's memoranda on rendition of, 8;

case of, in court, 269-271, 283;

returned to slavery, 317.

Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad, by E. M. Pettit, 2, 4.

Skillgess, Joseph, on fugitives passing through Ross County, O., 39.

Slave-hunters, authors of Levi Coffin's title "President of the U. G. R. R.," 111;

at Detroit, 147;

difficulties met by, 242, 243;

imprisonment of, 273, 274;

number of, increased after passage of the Fugitive Slave Law, 316;

in the Oberlin-Wellington case, 335, 336;

protest against the employment of Northern troops as, 355.

Slave-hunting, engagement of shiftless class in, 239;

by Southern planters and their aids, 240;

uncertainty of, in anti-slavery communities, 242, 243;

Mr. Mason, of Virginia, on, 243;

agents of slave-owners employed in, 316.

Slavery, character of, at beginning of nineteenth century, 25;

changed character of later, 26;

John Brown's plan of abolition of, 168;

in Canada, 190, 191;

attacks on, in Congress, 286;

abolished in District of Columbia, 287;

King's proposition to prohibit, in Northwest Territory, 293;

conviction of sin of, in Northern states, 300, 301;

pursuit of fugitives creates opposition to, in the North, 302;

early advocacy of political action against, by Bourne and Duncan, Rev. John Rankin's hatred of, 306;

address of Liberty party convention touching on, 310;

effect of prosecution of U. G. R. R. workers on question of, 317;

nationalized by law of 1850, 321;

effects of, studied by Harriet Beecher Stowe, 321;

renewal of consideration of question of, caused by Uncle Tom's Cabin, 324;

U. G. R. R., the safety-valve of, 340;

disappearance of, in District of Columbia attributed to the U. G. R. R. by Claiborne, 341, 342;

extinction of, in the United States, 356, 358.

Slaves, desire for freedom among, 25, 195-197;

purchase of, by Alabama, 26;

incentives to flight of, 26, 27, 296;

knowledge of Canada among, 28-30, 197;

arrive as stowaways on the Maine coast, 133;

steady increase in the number of, fleeing into Ohio, 135;

from Virginia, 144;

movement of, to inter-lake portion of Ontario, 147;

abduction of, opposed by majority of abolitionists, 150;

abduction of, by negroes, 151;

abductions of, by Canadian refugees, 152;

abductions of, by Southern whites, 153;

abduction of, by Northern whites, 154, 155;

abduction of, in District of Columbia, 155;

abduction of, by Burr, Work and Thompson, 155, 156;

abduction of, by Joseph Sider and Calvin Fairbank, 157-160;

abduction of, by Seth Concklin, 160-162;

abduction of, by John Brown, 162-165;

effect of John Brown's raid upon Missouri, 165;

Brown's plan for liberation of, 166-168;

abductions of, in answer to appeal, 168,

by Charles T. Torrey, 168-170,

by Capt. Jonathan Walker, 170, 171,

by Mrs. Laura S. Haviland, 171, 172;

capture and incarceration of the, escaping on the steamer Pearl, 172, 173;

abductions of, by Capt. Daniel Drayton, 172-174,

by Richard Dillingham, 174, 175,

by Wm. L. Chaplin, 175, 176,

by Josiah Henson, 176-178,

by Rial Cheadle, 178, 179,

by Dr. A. M. Ross, 179-183,

by the fugitive Elijah Anderson, 183,

by the fugitive John Mason, 183-185,

by the fugitive Harriet Tubman, 185-189;

importation of, into Canada, 190, 191;

Elgin Settlement in Canada started by a band of manumitted, 202, 207;

Wilberforce Colony originally settled by group of emancipated, 218;

domestic relations of, in Southern states, 227, 228;

agents of U. G. R. R. appealed to for abduction of, 231, 232;

Northern states an unsafe refuge for, 238, 239;

purchase of, from their claimants, 241, 242;

causes of flight of, 308;

conditions favorable to escape of, 1840-1850, 309;

effect of flight of, on Northern sentiment, 310;

addresses to Southern, 310;

address of Cazenovia convention to, 313;

information about abolitionists among, 316;

danger of uprising of, lessened by the U. G. R. R., 340;

prospect of stampede of, from the border slave states, in case of secession, 355;

chances for escape of, multiplied during War, 355.

Slave trade, effect of prohibition of, (1807,) 301.

Sloane, Hon. Rush R.,

on the U. G. R. R. in northwestern Ohio, 39;

account given by, of the naming of the Road, 45;

prosecution of, 102;

incident of embarkation of company of refugees given by, 148 n.;

on Elijah Anderson, abductor, 183;

fined for assisting runaways, 276, 277.

Sloane, John, early operator, 37.

Sloane, J. R. W., 13.

Sloane, Prof. Wm. M., 13 n.

Sloane, Rev. William, 14, 15.

Smedley, R. C.,

author of The Underground Railroad in Chester and Neighboring Counties of Pennsylvania, 2, 4;

account of naming of the U. G. R. R. by, 44, 45;

on loss of bondmen by Maryland counties, 119;

on numbers of fugitives sent to New England, 128, 129;

on transportation of fugitives by rail, 143.

Smith, Gerrit,

operator, 22, 27, 107;

generosity of, 176;

on Harriet Tubman, 185;

defiant speech of, after Jerry rescue, 320;

one of the leaders in the Jerry rescue, 326;

counsel for the fugitive Wm. Anderson in Canada, 353.

Smith, James, 154.

Smith, William R., work of, in behalf of Gen. Chaplin, 176.

Snediger family, operators, 87.

Society of Friends. See Quakers.

Sorrick, Rev. R. S. W.,

on the condition of refugees in Oro, Ontario, 218;

on the teachableness of the Canadian refugees, 224.

South Carolina,

abducting trip of A. M. Ross into, 29;

agent of U. G. R. R. in Newberne, 68;

involved in Brown's plan of liberation, 167;

Canadian refugees from, 195;

Pinckney on slave clause in United States Constitution before state convention of, 294;

doctrine of state sovereignty of, resisted by Wisconsin, 330;

servile insurrections in, 340;

Butler of, on loss sustained by slave-owners of Southern section, 341;

withdrawal from the Union, 352.

Southern branches of the U. G. R. R., 116-119.

Southern states, satisfaction with the fugitive slave clause in the Constitution in the, 21;

complaints of, on account of losses of slave property, 22;

refuges of runaways in the, 25;

spread of the U. G. R. R. in, 28;

knowledge about Canada among slaves in, 28, 29, 180-182, 192;

self-interest of, manifest in the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, 33;

escapes by vessel from, 81, 133, 144;

anti-slavery sentiment among white emigrants from, 90, 91;

emigration of Quakers from, on account of slavery, 93;

anti-slavery advocates among Presbyterian clergy in, 95;

settlement of anti-slavery people from, in Ohio, 115;

friends of fugitives in, 116;

main channels of escape from, 119;

abductions by whites from, 153, 154;

Northern men in, encourage flight of slaves, 154, 155;

expected effect of news of Brown's Missouri raid in, 165;

Brown's plan for organizing insurrection in, 167, 168;

Calhoun on expedition of the Pearl speaks for, 173, 174;

expeditions for abduction of slaves to, 177, 178;

operations of the abductor A. M. Ross in, 180-183;

early emigration of negroes from, to Quebec, 219;

domestic relations of slaves in, 227, 228;

abductions of friends from, planned by the Canadian exiles, 231, 232;

abducting trips of Canadian refugees to, 232;

rights of recovery in the North claimed by people of, 237;

slave-hunting by people from, before and after law of 1850, 240, 241;

effect of law of 1850 upon, 243;

Lincoln's proclamation of warning to, 287;

the Underground Railroad as a grievance of, 290;

sentiment in, concerning slave clause in Constitution, 294;

complaints of members of Congress from, on score of treatment accorded runaways in the North, 295, 296;

negotiations for return of fugitives to, 302;

people of, aroused by addresses to slaves, 310;

Calhoun on discontent in, 313;

Webster on complaint of, in regard to non-rendition of fugitives, 314;

Pres. Fillmore gives assurances to, regarding Fugitive Slave Law, 318;

doctrine of state sovereignty of, resisted by Wisconsin, 330;

work of the U. G. R. R. a real relief to, 340;

estimates of loss sustained by slave-owners in various, 341, 342;

decline of slave population in border states, shown in United States census reports, 343;

comparison of numbers of negroes transported from, by U. G. R. R.

and American Colonization Society, 350, 351;

members of Congress from, on work of U. G. R. R., 351, 352;

attempted conciliation of, 354;

chances for escape of slaves multiplied throughout, 355;

agitation by people of, for vigorous Fugitive Slave Law, 357.

Sowles, Hon. William, operator, 107.

Spalding, Rufus P., counsel in the Oberlin-Wellington case, 282.

Speed, John, 65.

Speed, Sidney, incident of unsuccessful pursuit narrated by, 65, 66.

Spradley, Wash, a colored abductor of Louisville, Ky., 151.

Sprague, Judge, on legal force of a commissioner's certificate, 270.

Springfield, Mass., "League of Gileadites" in, 71-75.

Stanton, Henry B., 169, 170.

State sovereignty, doctrine of, in the Northern states, 326-330.

Stations, in New Hampshire, 132;

in Maine, 134;

initial, in Ohio, 135;

initial, in Iowa, 136;

number and distribution of, in portion of Morgan County, O., 137;

stations in Michigan, 138;

corresponding stations in Falley's and the author's maps, 138, 139;

initial, along the Ohio River, 139, 346;

limited activity of, in eastern and western extremities of the free region, 141;

isolated, in New York, Pennsylvania, Indiana and Illinois, 142;

terminal, 145-148;

cause of formation of initial, 295;

Harriet B. Stowe's house one of the, 321.

Station-keepers of the U. G. R. R., significance of the name, 67;

character of work of, 69;

explanation of division of labor between special agents and, 70, 71;

expense to, 76-78. See also Agents and Conductors.

Steele, Capt., master of a lake boat carrying fugitives, 82.

Steele, William, letter of, on escape of slave family, 51, 52.

Stephens, Alexander H., abduction of slave of, 176.

Stephens, Charles,

in Brown's raid, 163-165;

arranges for trip east of Brown and party, 164, 165.

Stevens, Thaddeus, operator, 106; in the Christiana case, 282.

Stevenson, Henry, on slaves' desire for freedom, 196.

Stewart, family of, fugitive settlers near Detroit, 236.

Stewart, John H., colored operator, 89.

Stewart, Peter, reputed President of the U. G. R. R., 69.

Still, Peter, a fugitive from Alabama, 160.

Still, William,

author of Underground Railroad Records, 2, 3, 5, 8, 75;

chairman of Vigilance Committee of Philadelphia, 8, 232;

on instances of fugitives shipped as freight, 60;

on stowaways from the South, 145;

on value of Canadian refugees as citizens, 234 n.;

coöperation of, with station at Elmira, 253.

Stone, Col. John,

secret signal used by, 56;

facsimile of message sent by, 57.

Story, Justice,

on the Fugitive Slave Law, 245;

on power of Congress to legislate on subject of fugitive slaves, 261.

Stout, Dr. Joseph, indicted for helping fugitive, 284.

Stow, L. S., on transportation of fugitives across Lake Erie, 146.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher,

correctness of her representation in Uncle Tom's Cabin, 25, 322;

material for Uncle Tom's Cabin gathered by, while living at Cincinnati, O., 105, 321;

connection of, with the U. G. R. R., 105;

influence of the slave controversy upon, 290;

champion of fugitive slaves, 323.

Stowe, Prof. Calvin, model for a character in Uncle Tom's Cabin, 322.

Stowell, Martin, one of leaders in attempted rescue of Burns, 332.

Sturgeon, of Pennsylvania, supports the Fugitive Slave Law, 314.

Subterranean Pass Way of John Brown, 339, 357.

Sumner, Charles,

efforts of, in behalf of Capt. Drayton, 173;

on number of fugitives fleeing from Northern states after enactment of law of 1850, 249;

efforts of, in Senate to secure repeal of Fugitive Slave Law, 324;

champion in Senate of the fugitive slave and his friends, 325;

reads a letter in the Senate on employment of Northern troops as slave-catchers, 355.

Supplies,

for U. G. R. R. passengers, 76-78;

furnished by Fred. Douglass, 78 n.;

for Canadian refugees, 202, 214;

gathered for fugitives in Lawrence, Kan., 348, 349.

Syracuse,

Vigilance Committee of, 71, 72;

rescue of Jerry McHenry in, 72, 86, 318, 326;

passes distributed to runaways in, 80;

underground work of Rev. S. J. May in, 109;

fugitives sent by train to, 124;

indignation meeting at, held after passage of law of 1850, 244;

public action against Fugitive Slave Law in, 320;

congratulatory message on Glover rescue from convention in, 328, 329.

Tabor College, U. G. R. R. work of, 98.

Tamar, slave recovered by Fairbank, 159.

Taney, Judge, prosecution of Thomas Garrett before, 110.

Tappan, Lewis, supporter of Dr. A. M. Ross, 180.

Tennessee,

abducting trip of Dr. A. M. Ross into, 28;

John Rankin, a native of, 109;

fugitives from, 109;

underground route through eastern, 119;

involved in Brown's plan of liberation, 167;

Dillingham's attempted abduction of slaves from, 174, 175;

Canadian refugees from, 195;

fables about Canada circulated in, 198.

Terminal stations of U. G. R. R., 70, 76, 82, 83, 123, 126-128, 131, 133, 136, 138, 139, 145-149;

in Canada, 148, 149.

Terminology of U. G. R. R., 67, 124.

Territories, slavery prohibited in the, 287.

Texas,

question of annexation before Congress, 310;

escape of slaves from western, 348.

Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution, 356.

Thomas, Dr. Nathan M., operator, 88.

Thompson, George, a party in the case of Burr, Work and, 155,156.

Thurston, Brown, operator, 37, 133.

Ticknor, George, on political effect of Uncle Tom's Cabin, 323.

Todd, Rev. John,

author of reminiscences of "The Early Settlement and Growth of Western Iowa," 7;

quoted, 43.

Todds, the, station-keepers, 15.

Toledo, O.,

boat service for runaways from, 83;

U. G. R. R. helpers in, 92.

Tompkins, case of Johnson vs., 259, 273, 274.

Toombs, Robert, 173;

abduction of slaves of, 176.

Toronto, Canada,

mission work of Rev. W. M. Mitchell in, 3;

goods received for Canadian refugees at, 202, 203;

number of refugee settlers in, 220, 221;

condition of fugitive settlers in, 226;

Drew on condition of colored people in, 227;

equal school privileges for whites and blacks in, 229;

evening school for adult negroes in, 230.

Torrence, James W., method of, in conveying fugitives, 61.

Torrey, Rev. Charles T.,

abductor, 28, 168, 169;

number of slaves abducted from Maryland by, 88;

succeeded by Mr. Chaplin as editor of the Albany Patriot, 175.

Townsend, Martin I., on routes in New York, 126.

Townshend, Prof. Norton S., operator in Cincinnati, 104.

Treason,

charged in Christiana case, 319;

charged by Webster against transgressors of the law of 1850, 320.