«Подземная железная дорога: от рабства к свободе»

Blake, of Ohio, bill of, for repeal of Fugitive Slave laws, 286.

Boat service for transportation of absconding slaves, 81-83, 118, 145-148, 219, 252.

Bolding, John, seizure of, under Slave Law of 1850, 241.

Booth, Sherman M., power of commissioners questioned in case of, 270;

penalty imposed in case of, 279;

case of, before the courts in Wisconsin, 329;

limits of state authority defined in case of, 330;

protest against Douglas legislation in case of,

Borden, Nathaniel P., 130.

Boston, conveyance of fugitives by William I. Bowditch of, 61;

Vigilance Committee of, 71-73;

escapes by vessel to, 81;

early rescue in, 83, 84;

rescue of Shadrach in, 86;

appeal of Vigilance Committee of, for aid, 98, 99;

attempted rescue of Burns in, 103, 330-332;

aid rendered fugitives by Theodore Parker in, 109, 110;

slaves sent to New Bedford and, from Virginia, 118;

James Freeman Clarke on protection of fugitives in, 132;

refugees sent from New York to, 145;

to England from, 145;

estimate of fugitives in, 235;

law of 1850 denounced by meeting in, 244;

consternation among fugitives in, 246-248;

continued residence of refugees in, after 1850, 250, 251;

Lewis Hayden in, 251, 252;

early pursuit of fugitives in, 302;

Shadrach, Sims, and Craft cases in, 317.

Boston and Worcester Railroad, 80.

Boston Public Library, scrap-book of Theodore Parker in, 8.

Bourne, Rev. George, early advocate of immediate abolition, 303, 304, 306;

political action against slavery proposed by, 305 n.

Bowditch, William I., 61, 132.

Bowles, Col. J., letter of, on U. G. R. R. depot at Lawrence, Kan., 347-350.

Brace, Avery, 16.

Bragdon, George C., on stations on the St. Lawrence, 127 n.

Brainerd, Hon. Lawrence, 107;

fugitives shipped by rail by, 145.

Bramlette, Gov. Thomas E., opposed to pardon of Fairbank, 159, 160.

Brant, Chief, fugitives received by people of, 92, 203.

Brennan, Mr., escape of slave from, 65.

Brisbane, W. H., hiding-places provided by, 64.

British and American Manual Labor Institute, colored children, 200;

origin of Dawn Settlement, 205;

work of, for Canadian refugees, 214;

visited by Levi Coffin, 220;

lumber industry established at, 223;

colored settlers attracted by, 229, 230.

Brooks, Prof. W. M., on stations in southwestern Iowa, 33, 98.

Brooks family, of Concord, Mass., friends of Harriet Tubman, 186.

Brown, David Paul, counsel for fugitive slaves, 284, 285.

Brown, Eli F., hiding-place provided by, 64.

Brown, Henry Box, shipment of, in a box, 60.

Brown, John, notes of, relating to his raid, 8;

father of, a friend of fugitives, 37;

League of Gileadites organized by, 73, 74;

transportation of party of, through Iowa, 79;

entertained by J. B. Grinnell, 108;

strategy of, 118;

North Elba home of, a terminus of the U. G. R. R., 127;

route followed by, with his abducted slaves, 136, 164, 165;

Missouri raid of, 162, 163;

effect of his raid, 165;

plan of liberation of, 166-168, 357;

Dr. A. M. Ross, a friend of, 183 n.;

on Harriet Tubman, 185;

concern of, for fugitive settlers in Canada, 199;

influence of U. G. R. R. upon, 290, 301, 338, 339;

Col. J. Bowles on, 349, 350.

Brown, Mary, owner of James Hamlet, 269.

Brown, Owen, father of John Brown, early operations of, 37,

301.

Brown, Wells, befriends the fugitive William Wells Brown, 77.

Brown, William Wells, befriended, 77;

conveyance of fugitives to Canada by, 83, 252;

qualities of leadership in, 340.

Buchanan, James, amendments to Constitution in regard to fugitive slaves recommended by, 286;

Booth pardoned by, 331;

appealed to in Addison White case, 334;

on enforcement of Fugitive Slave law during his administration, 353.

Bucknel and Taylor, slave-owners, 196.

Buffalo,

boat service to, 83;

release of alleged fugitives in, 317.

Burns, Anthony,

Theodore Parker's memoranda on rendition of, 8;

Vigilance Committee fails to rescue, 73;

attempt to rescue, 103;

case of, 251, 271, 283;

rendition of, 331-333.

Burr, James E., one of abducting party of, Work and Thompson, 155, 156.

Burroughes, George L., agent of Underground Road, 70.

Bushnell, Simeon, case of, 270;

penalty paid by, 279.

Buswell, N. C., on abduction by Canadian refugee, 152.

Butler, of South Carolina, on loss sustained by slave-owners, 341.

Buxton Settlement in Canada. See Elgin Association.

Buxton, Thomas Fowell, 207.

Cabot, Samuel, Jr., 103.

Calhoun, on Drayton's expedition with the Pearl, 173, 174;

on an enactment making it unlawful to aid fugitives, 309;

on the need of a new fugitive slave law, 313; championship of the Slave Law of 1850, 314.

California, sanction of, to Slave Law of 1850, 246.

Calvinists. See Presbyterian Church.

Campbell, C. B., 58.

Campbell, Dr. Alexander, reward for abduction of, 53.

Canada, escapes from the American colonies to, 20, 292;

Clay's negotiations for extradition of fugitive slaves from, 22, 299, 300;

knowledge of, among slaves, 27-30, 180, 182, 197, 198;

underground routes through New York to, 35;

early arrival of fugitives in, 43, 44;

entered from Detroit, 66;

number of fugitives forwarded to, by one abolitionist neighborhood before 1817, 87;

number sent to, by Chas. T. Torrey before 1844, 88;

fugitives received by people of Chief Brant in, 92;

terminals in, 127, 133, 134;

route to, via Portland, Me., 133;

Ontario, the goal of the great majority of runaways, 140, 148;

extent of the region in, settled by refugees, 148, 149;

hospitality of, 149;

abductions by refugees of, 152;

excursions of the abductor Fairfield to, 153, 154;

reception given Fairfield and his protégés on their arrival in, 154;

enthusiasm in, over John Brown's Missouri raid, 165;

part to be taken by refugees of, in Brown's plan of liberation, 167;

Dawn Institute in, 168;

delight of fugitives on reaching, 178, 196, 197;

ministrations of American Baptist Free Mission Society among refugees at Toronto, 183;

number assisted to, by abductor John Mason, 184;

trips of abductor Harriet Tubman to, 187, 189;

position of Canada on slavery question, 190, 191;

early arrival of fugitive slaves in, 192;

increased influx of fugitives, 193, 194;

refugees in, a representative body of the slave class, 195, 196;

severity of conditions in, 198;

treatment of refugee settlers in, 199, 200;

attitude of government of, toward refugees, 201-203;

conditions favorable to settlement of fugitives in, 203-205;

fugitive aid societies in, 204, 205;

Dawn Settlement, 205-207;

Elgin Settlement, 207-209;

Refugees' Home Settlement, 209, 210;

objects of the colonies, 210, 211;

Dr. Howe's criticism of the colonies, 211, 212;

defence of the colonies, 212, 213;

services of the colonization societies, 213-215;

conclusions concerning the colonies, 216, 217;

fugitive settlers in towns of, 217, 218;

movement of fugitives to the interior of, 218, 219;

refugees in the eastern provinces of, 219;

refugee population in, 220-224, 313;

occupations of refugees in, 223;

congregation of refugees in towns of, 225, 226;

prosperity of refugees in, 226, 227;

their domestic life in, 227, 228;

their school opportunities in, 228, 229;

their societies for self-improvement in, 230, 231;

their efforts for the rescue of friends from slavery, 231, 232;

their taxable property in, 232;

their political privileges in, 232;

their value as citizens, 233, 234;

return of many from, 235;

increased influx of fugitives into, after passage of law of 1850, 246-250, 316;

escape of Shadrach and Jerry McHenry to, 317, 318;

Glover forwarded to, 328;

escape of Addison White to, 334;

extradition of Anderson refused by, 352, 353.

Canadian Anti-Slavery Society, on employment for Canadian refugees, 204;

on refugee population in Canada West, 221;

on congregation of Canadian refugees in towns, 225.

Canadian Magazine of Politics, Science, Art, and Literature, on Underground Railroad, 5.

Canal routes, 142.

Cape Breton Island, sea routes to, 219.

Capron, Effingham L., operator, 131, 132.

Capture, of fugitive slaves thwarted, 83-86;

under Slave Law of 1850, 240-242;

of fugitive settlers in the North, 316;

of Sims in Boston, 317;

of boy John near Oberlin, 335, 336.

Carpenter, Philo, operator, 88, 147.

Carpenter, slave-hunter, 53, 54.

Cass, Gen., Secretary of State, appealed to in the Addison White case, 334.

Caton, Judge, 283.

Cavins, E. C. H., on route through Indiana, 142.

Censor, the, containing "Sketches in the History of the Underground Railroad," 4.

Census reports of Canada, on refugee population, 220.

Census reports of United States, on fugitive slaves, 26, 44, 342, 343.

Chace, Mrs. Elizabeth Buffum, 49; on New Bedford route, 130.

Chamberlain, Hon. Mellen, 36.

Channing, Dr. Walter, 170.

Channing, Prof. Edward, on prosecutions of anti-slavery men, 317 n.

Chaplin, William L., abductor, 168, 175, 176.

Chapman, Capt., on delight of slaves reaching Canada, 196, 197.

Charles, John, 53.

Chase, Salmon P., on the Ordinance of 1787, 262;

on the fugitive slave clause in the Constitution, 263, 264;

in the Van Zandt case, 282;

counsel for fugitive slaves, 308, 309;

in the Addison White case, 334, 335.

Cheadle, Rial, abductor, 178, 179.

Cheney, Rev. O. B., 37, 134.

Chicago, a place of deportation, 83, 88, 147;

terminus for line through Livingston and La Salle counties, Ill., 139;

multiple routes of, 141;

hostility of, to law of 1850, 333.

Chicago and Rock Island Railroad, 79, 144, 165.

Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy Railroad, 79, 144.

Child, E., receiver of goods for Canadian refugees at Toronto, 202.

Chittenden, subscription of, for release of W. L. Chaplin, 176.

Christiana case, 280, 281, 317;

Thaddeus Stevens in, 282;

effort of the government to enforce the law of 1850 in, 319.

Church connection of U. G. R. R. helpers or agents, 93-99;

of Canadian refugees, 216.

Church of fugitives, in Boston, 246;

in Buffalo, Rochester, Detroit, and Boston, 250.

Cincinnati Enquirer, the, on contention over Addison White case, 335 n.

Cincinnati, supplies for fugitives provided by Woman's Anti-Slavery Sewing Society of, 77;

Dr. N. S. Townshend conductor in, 104;

home of Harriet Beecher Stowe a station in, 105;

work of Levi Coffin in, 110-112;

multiple routes in, 135, 141;

appeal of colored people in, to Mr. Dillingham, 174;

seizure of McQuerry in, 241;

counsel for fugitive slave cases in, 282;

effect of the Margaret Garner case in, 302, 303;

observations used in Uncle Tom's Cabin made in, 321.

Civil War. See War of Rebellion.

Claiborne, on loss sustained by slave-owners from 1810-1850, 341.

Clark, George W., coöperation of, with Capt. Walker in anti-slavery work, 171;

on the abductor Wm. L. Chaplin, 176.

Clark, Lewis, 171.

Clark, Milton, 171.

Clark, Wm. Penn, friend of John Brown, 164.

Clark, Woodson, informed against slaves, 278.

Clarke, Rev. James Freeman, on northern opposition to rendition, 25, 103;

on extent of U. G. R. R. system, 113, 114;

on protection of fugitives in Boston, 132 n.

Clay, Henry, negotiations of, with England for extradition of fugitives, 22, 44, 299;

flight of slave of, 27;

on the execution of the law of 1850 in Indiana, 48;

on the escape of slaves to Canada, 192;

on the Canadian refugees, 201;

on the difficulty of recapturing fugitives, 242;

championship of new Fugitive Slave Law by, 312, 314;

compromise of, 315;

proposition of, that the President be invested with power to enforce the law of 1850, 319.

Cleveland, boat service for fugitives from, 83, 252;

deportation station, 146;

eminent attorneys of, in Oberlin-Wellington case, 282;

trial of Oberlin-Wellington rescuers at, 336;

celebration in, over victory of abolitionists in Oberlin-Wellington case, 337.

Cleveland and Canton Railroad, 79.

Cleveland and Western Railroad, 79, 143.

Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad, 79, 183.

Cleveland Plain Dealer, on results in Oberlin-Wellington case, 337.

Clingman, of North Carolina, on value of fugitive settlers in Northern states, 341.

Coffin, Addison, early operator in North Carolina, 40, 117.

Coffin, Levi, author of The Reminiscences of, 2, 4;

early service in North Carolina and Indiana, 40, 117;

methods of, 61, 64;

reputed president of the U. G. R. R., 69;

largest company of fugitives entertained by, 76;

devotee of underground work, 78, 110-112;

on John Fairfield the abductor, 153;

visit of, to Canadian refugees, 199-201, 218-220;

on acquisition of land by Canadian refugees, 201, 202;

on the number of Canadian refugees, 221;

association of, with R. B. Hayes, 282.

Coffin, Vestal, organizer of U. G. R. R. near Guilford College, N.C., 1819, 117.

Coleman, family of refugees near Detroit, 236.

Collins, James H., counsel in defence of Owen Lovejoy, 283.

Colonies, fugitive slave clause in treaties between Indian tribes and, 91, 92;

of fugitive slaves in Canada, 205;

Dawn Settlement, 205-207;

Elgin Settlement, 207-209;

Refugees' Home Settlement, 209, 210;

Dr. S. G. Howe on refugee, 211, 212;

his criticism of, answered, 213, 214, 217;

services of, 215, 216;

conclusions concerning, 217;

question of extradition between American, 290.

Commissioners, duties of, under the second Fugitive Slave Law, 265;

creation of, due to decision in Prigg's case, 266;

surrender of James Hamlet by one of, 269;

power of, questioned, 269-271;

observations of, regarding their own authority, 271;

remuneration of, 271.

Committees of Vigilance. See Vigilance Committees.

Communication, methods of, 56;

facsimile and other illustrations of messages, 10, 57, 58, 59, 79 n.;

use of signals across Delaware River, 125;

ease of, contributes to swell number of fugitives, 316.

Compromise of 1850, relation of second Fugitive Slave Law to, 265, 311;

repetition of, with modifications, proposed in 1860, 285, 286;

not a finality, 320;

how regarded by Northern people, 324;

failure of, 357.

Concklin, Seth, abductor, 157, 160-162.

Conductors,

methods of, 60, 61, 64;

significance of the title, 67;

regularly employed, 69, 70;

number of, 87;

their hospitality, 88, 89;

their principles, 89, 90;

their nationality, 90, 91;

their church connections, 93-98;

political affiliations of, 99-101;

character of, 101;

penalties suffered by, 102;

proposed Defensive League of Freedom in behalf of, 103, 104;

notable persons among, 105-112.

Confederation, New England (1643), provision in, for delivery of fugitives, 19;

Articles of, quoted, 19.

Congregational Church, operators among members of, 96-98, 168;

abductor Charles T. Torrey, clergyman of, 168.

Congress, speech of J. R. Giddings in lower House on fugitive slaves, 105;

speech of Owen Lovejoy in lower House on fugitive slaves, 107;

the expedition of the Pearl subject of debate in, 173, 174;

resolution of 1838 in, providing for punishment of persons aiding fugitives, 193;

petitions presented by Kentuckians in upper House declaring danger of slave-hunting in Ohio, 242;

Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 in, 254;

power of, to legislate on subject of fugitive slaves, 255, 263, 264, 268;

cases growing out of differences between slave laws of the state and of, 260, 261;

counsel for fugitives elected to, 282;

excitement in, caused by last case under law of 1850, 285;

agitation in, for new slave law in 1860, memorials to, praying for repeal of law of 1850, attacks on slavery in, 286;

repeal of fugitive slave legislation by, 288, 289, 358;

Continental, incorporation of fugitive slave clause in Northwest Ordinance by, 293;

attempts at amendment of law of 1793 in lower House, 295;

in both Houses, 296;

agitation for new slave law (1817), 296, 297, 301, 309-311;

Kentucky resolutions against admission of fugitives to Canada, presented to, 299;

Slave Law of 1850 adopted by, 311, 312, 314, 315;

message of President Fillmore to, December, 1850, 318;

Senate supports the President in enforcing Fugitive Slave Law, 319;

Gerrit Smith, member of, 320;

Sumner in Senate, on execution of, 325;

Racine mass-meeting declares null and void the law of, 327, 328;

charged with improper assumption of powers by convention in Cleveland, 336;

complaints of Southern members of, on account of loss of slaves, 340-342;

Southern members of, on existence of Underground Railroads, 351, 352;

argument in, to prevent secession of border states, 355;

caution of, in dealing with fugitive slave question in crisis of the War, 355;

inexpediency of return of fugitives by the army, recognized by, 356;

acts of, leading up to repeal of Fugitive Slave Law, 356;

agitation in and out of, for rigorous Fugitive Slave Law, 357.

Congressmen, operators among, 92, 105-108;

anti-slavery champions among, 173;

pro-slavery champions among, 173.

Conlisk, James, 92.

Connecticut, colony of, 19;

underground work of Samuel J. May in, 36, 109;

anti-slavery men from, organize Scioto Company, 38;

reward offered Indians by, for apprehending fugitives, 92;

personal liberty law of, 245, 246, 309;

law of colony of, against aiding fugitives, 292;

emancipation by, 293.

Conservative party, affiliation of negro voters in Canada with, 233.

Constitution of United States, fugitive slave clause in, quoted, 20;

effect of incorporation of fugitive slave clause in, 30;

burned at meeting of abolitionists, 101;

Giddings on relation of the law of 1850 to, 105;

quoted in support of immediatism, 206;

ineffectiveness of the fugitive slave clause in, 255;

trial by jury provided for in amendments of, 257;

amendment of, quoted against Fugitive Slave Law, 258;

slaves not parties to, 259; slave-owner's rights under, 259, 261;

paramount to Ordinance of 1787, 263;

legislative warrant of Congress under, 264;

effect on execution of, due to Prigg decision, 265;

Prigg decision on language of, 267;

amendments to, proposed by Buchanan in 1860, 286, 353, 354;

adoption of Thirteenth Amendment to, 289, 356;

fugitive slave clause embodied in, 293;

disavowal of fugitive recovery clause of, by Liberty party, 310;

Webster on disregard of the slave clause in, 314;

limitations of state courts under, 330;

Ohio urges repeal of laws injuring efficiency of, 354.

Contemporaneous documents, rarity of, 7;

Still's collection of, 7, 8;

Parker's memoranda, 8;

notes left by John Brown, 8, 9, 165;

records of Jirch Platt, 9;

leaf from diary of Daniel Osborn, 9, 10;

extant letters, 10;

letter of William Steel, 51, 52;

memorandum of David Putnam, Jr., 55;

facsimile of message of John Stone, other messages, 57, 58;

letter of Thomas Lee, 58, 59;

letters of E. F. Pennypacker, 79 n., 143 n.;

letter of Francis Jackson, 99;

item from Theodore Parker's Journal, 109;

letter of Parker, 110;

letter of Rev. N. R. Johnston, 161;

letter of McKiernon, 161, 162;

letters relating to Harriet Tubman, 185, 186, 188, 189;

certificate of clerk of court in Sloane's case, 277 n.;

advertisement of runaway slave, 287;

facsimile of Osborn's record, 344, 345;

letter of Col. J. Bowles, 347-350.

Continental Congress, incorporation of slave clause in Northwest Ordinance by, 293.

Contributing members, significance of name, 67.

Conveyance of fugitive slaves, schedule of "trains," 55;

variety of methods of, 59;

by vehicle, 60, 61;

as freight, 60, 155;

by rail, 78-80, 142-145;

by water, 81-84, 144, 145;

methods employed by abductor Fairbank, 158, 160;

in Brown's raid, 164, 165;

in Drayton's expeditions, 172, 173.

Conway, Judge, 347.

Cook, Hon. B. C., counsel in fugitive slave cases, 283, 284.

Cornell, Cornelius, 124.

Corwin, R. C., 39.

Cotton-gin, effect of invention of, 26.

Counsel for fugitive slaves, 281-285, 308, 309, 353.

Court, decisions terminate slavery in Canada, 191-193;

provision in state Fugitive Slave laws for action by, 237, 238;

Wright vs. Deacon in, 256, 257;

Peter alias Lewis Martin in, 257;

Commonwealth vs. Griffith in, 258;

Prigg vs. Pennsylvania in, 259-261, 264;

State vs. Hoppess in, 262;

Vaughan vs. Williams in, 262;

Jones vs. Van Zandt in, 262;

various courts on irreconcilability between law of 1793 and Ordinance of 1787, 262, 264;

authority of United States commissioners, 265, 271;

case of Sims in, 269, 270;

Scott's case in, 269, 270;

Miller vs. McQuerry, 269, 270;

Booth's case in, 270, 279, 329, 330;

case of ex parte Robinson in, 270;

case of ex parte Simeon Bushnell in, 270;

speech of Justice Nelson to grand jury in, 272;

action for penalty under law of 1798 in, 273;

prosecution in, 274;

prosecution of John Van Zandt in, 274;

Norris vs. Newton in, 276;

Oliver vs. Weakley in, 276;

case of Sloane in, 276, 277;

case of F. D. Parish in, 277;

Oberlin-Wellington rescue case in, 279, 336;

arguments of Chase and Seward in, 282;

hearing of fugitive Jim Gray in, 283, 284;

provision for appeal to United States Circuit in proposed Fugitive Slave Law of 1860, 286;

provision in House fugitive slave bill of 1817 in regard to proof of title before, 296, 297;

constitutionality of law of 1850 contested in, 327;

constitutional limitation of state, 330;

clash between federal and state, 334, 335;

effect of jurisdiction of United States, on abolitionists, 335;

trial of the fugitive Anderson before the Canadian, 353.

Covenanters, friends of fugitives, 13-15, 32, 90, 115, 235.

See Presbyterian Church.

Cowgill, Dr. Thomas, 38.

Craft, Ellen and William, 82, 252;

rescue of, 317.

Crittenden, Gov. John J., pardons abductor Fairbank, 159.

Crocker, Mrs. Mary E., operator, 132.

Cross, Rev. John, prosecution of, 50, 51.

Crosswhite family, seizure of, 102.

Crothers, Rev. Samuel, 32.

Cruse, David, victim of Brown's raid, 163.

Cummings, Jacob, 154.

Curtis, George T., on the power of a commissioner, 271.

Cushing, Deacon, arrest of, 283.

Dalby, Mr., fugitive slave of, 33.

Dana, Richard H., visit of, to Brown's farm at North Elba, 127;

counsel for runaways, 283;

counsel for Burns, 331.

Dane, Nathan, on rendition of slaves in Northwest Territory, 293.

Daniels, Jim, appeal of, to John Brown, 162.

Danvers Historical Society, report of, on route of U. G. R. R., 133.

Davis, Charles G., counsel for fugitives, 283.

Davis, Jefferson, on escape of slaves from Mississippi, 82, 312, 313;

on prospects of non-execution of law of 1850, 315.

Davis, Joel P., map by, 140.

Dawes, Gen. R. R., on communication in underground service, 56 n.

Day, Dr., capture and incarceration of, 349.

Deacon, case of Wright vs., 256, 257.

Dean, John, counsel for fugitive slave, 285.

De Baptiste, George, agent, 70.

Declaration of Independence, quoted by abolitionists, 24;

principles of, 30;

as an "abolition tract," 31;

preamble of, 89;

quoted in support of immediatism, 306.

Defensive League of Freedom, proposed, 103, 104.

Delaware, reminiscences relating to, 11;

anti-slavery Quakers in, 31;

Joseph G. Walker of Wilmington, 67;

Thomas Garrett, of Wilmington, 110, 111, 117, 322;

route in, 117, 118;

refugee from, 195;

loss of slaves by, 312.

Democratic party, legislative action against Oberlin College proposed by, 97;

character of, 100;

congressional vote of, on Slave Law of 1850, 315;

Compromise of 1850 regarded as a finality by, 320;

governors belonging to, on personal liberty laws, 354.

Dennett, Mrs. Oliver, operator, 133.

Deportation, places of, for fugitive slaves, 36, 66, 82, 83, 145-148.

Destitution, among fugitives, 76-78, 109, 222, 223.

Detroit, crossing-place for runaways, 66, 147;

agents in, 70;

J. M. Howard, operator at, 106;

secret paths leading to, 135, 138;

arrival of John Brown and his abducted slaves in, 165;

supplies for Canadian refugees shipped to, 203;

fugitive settlers near, 236;

loss of colored members from church of, 250.

Detroit River, escape of thousands across, 147.

Devices for secrecy, 14;

need of, 47;

midnight service one of the, 54-56;

guarded communications one of the, 56-59;

hidden methods of conveyance one of the, 59-61;

zigzag routes one of the, 61, 62, 302;

concealment of fugitives one of the, 62-64;

use of disguises one of the, 64-67;

multiple routes and switch connections one of the, 70, 137, 141;

employed by abductor Rial Cheadle, 179;

employed by Dr. A. M. Ross, 181, 182, 187;

employed by Harriet Tubman, 187, 188;

often neglected during period 1840-1860, 337.

Dewey, Rev. Dr., loyalty to Slave Law of, 238.

Dickey, Rev. William, 32.

Dickey family, 87.

Dillingham, Richard, charged with belonging to organized band of abductors, 30;

attempted abduction by, 174, 175.

Disguises, used in helping fugitives, 64-67;

employed by Fairbank, 160;

kept by Joseph Sider for use in abductions, 157.

Dismal Swamp, place of refuge, 25.

District of Columbia, abduction from, 155;

disappearance of slavery from, attributed to U. G. R. R., 341, 342.

Dixon, Richard, 38.

Dobbins, Rev. Robert B., 32.

Dodge, Hon. Simeon, on U. G. R. R. from 1840 to 1860, 36, 37;

on route in New Hampshire, 132;

an operator, 133.

Dodge, of Indiana, vote on Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, 314.

Doherty, Fisher, 65, 66.

Dolarson, George, agent, 70.

Donnell and Hamilton, Ray vs., case of, 278.

Dorsey, Basil, rescue of, 84, 85.

Douglas Bill, U. G. R. R. work before and after, 194.

Douglass, Frederick, aided in New York City, 35;

collections made for fugitives by, 78;

refugees shipped over New York Central by, 80;

as agent in the South before his escape, 91, 118;

on excitement involved in his secret work, 104;

on Albany route, 125, 126;

on Brown's plan of liberation, 166;

on Harriet Tubman, 185;

many runaways assisted by, 251, 253;

a noted passenger of the U. G. R. R., 340.

Doyle, Dr., host of John Brown, 164.

Drayton, Capt. Daniel, abduction of slave family by, 172;

expedition of, with steamer Pearl, 172-174.

Drayton, Hon. William, fugitive slave of, 33.

Dred Scott decision, denounced in eastern Ohio, 336.

Drew, Benjamin, on employments of Canadian refugees, 204;

on Dresden and Dawn Colonies in Canada, 207;

on effect of Slave Bill of 1850 on fugitive settlers in Northern states, 213;

on morality in Dawn Settlement, 216;

on early arrival of refugees in Canada, 218;

list of refugee communities mentioned by, 219;

on thrift of colored settlers in Canada, 227;

on schools for refugees, 229.

Duncan, Rev. James, on immediate abolition, 304-306;

political action against slavery early advocated by, 305 n.

Durkee, Chauncey, 278.

Dutch, agreement of New Haven with the, for surrender of fugitive slaves, 19.

Dutton, A. P., runaways sent by boat to Canada by, 82, 83.

Dyer, Dr. C. V., conductor, 144.

"Early Settlement and Growth of Western Iowa," chapters of, valuable for history of U. G. R. R., 7.

Eastern states, hidden routes leading to, 120.

Edgerton, Hon. Sidney, operator, 106.

Edwards, William, cause of flight of, 27.

Eells, Dr. Richard, case of, 278, 282.

Elgin Association, formation and purpose of, 202, 207;

growth of, 208;

improvement of, 209;

Dr. Howe on, 212;

regulations of, 215-217;

new settlers, of, 218;

special schools for negroes of, 229.

Elgin, Lord, participation of, in securing lands for Canadian refugees, 202, 207;

on extradition of fugitive Anderson, 353.

Eliza, escape of, in Uncle Tom's Cabin, 322.

Emancipation, celebration of West Indian, by Canadian refugees, 226, 227;

gradual, criticised by Rev. James Duncan, 305.

Emancipation Proclamation, Philadelphia Vigilance Committee terminated by, 75;

restricted operation of, 287, 356.

Emerson, R. W., friend of Harriet Tubman, 186.

England, Rev. W. M. Mitchell in, his book entitled Underground Railroad published in, 3;

fugitive slaves shipped to, 82, 133, 145;

Cowper's stanza on hospitality of, to slaves, quoted, 149;

act abolishing slavery in colonies of, 190;

refuses extradition, 192;

Clay on England's admission of fugitives to Canada, 201;

money collected in, for benefit of refugees, 206;

escape of fugitives to, after passage of law of 1850, 249;

negotiations with, regarding extradition, 299, 300, 302;

escape of William and Ellen Craft to, 317.

English Colonial Church and School Society, schools for refugees maintained by, 215.

English settlers, underground work of, 92.

Episcopal Church, appeal to societies of, 99.

Estimate of fugitives escaping into Ohio, same for Philadelphia, 346.

Eustace, Hon. J. V., counsel in fugitive slave case, 284.

Evans, John, 197.

Evans, Philip, 70.

Everett, John, conductor, 124.

Experiment, the, on number of lines of escape in Ohio, 135.

Fairbank, Calvin, abductor, 28, 61, 150, 157-159, 251;

devices of, 65, 160;

on refugee settlers near Detroit, 236.

Fairchild, James H., pamphlet on The Underground Railroad by, 5;

on Oberlin as an anti-slavery centre, 89, 97.

Fairfield, John, the abductor, devices of, 65-67, 153, 178.

Falley, Lewis, map of underground routes in Indiana by, 137-139.

Federal Convention, a concession of, to slavery, 20;

fugitive slave clause embodied in United States Constitution by, 293;

work of, ratified by state conventions, 294.

Fessenden, Gen. Samuel, operator, 106, 133;

address of, at funeral of Charles T. Torrey, 170.

Fifteenth Amendment, adoption of, celebrated in Cincinnati, 111.

Fillmore, Millard, pardon of Capt. Drayton by, 173;

signed Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, 314;

on the Fugitive Slave Law, 318;

attempt of, to enforce the law, 319;

connection of, with the Shadrach rescue and Christiana tragedy, 319.

Firelands Pioneer, on Underground Railroad, 5.

Fisher, Hon. M. M., on New Bedford route, 130.

Florida, a refuge for runaways, 25;

escape of slave from Jacksonville, 81, 145;

Capt. Walker's attempted abduction of slaves from, 170.

Foote, Mr., 173.

Forsyth, J. M., reminiscence of, 13.

Fort Malden, C.W. See Amherstburg.

Foster, Stephen and Abby Kelley, operators, 132.

Fountain, Capt., abduction by, from Virginia, 81.

Fountain City, Ind., work of Levi Coffin in, 111;

multiple routes of, 141.

Fox, George, anti-slavery principles of, 93.

Frances, Dr., 109, 110.

Frazee, John H., operator, 88.

Frazier, Wm. A., reward for abduction of, 53.

Free Presbyterian Church, formation of, 96.

Freedman's Bureau, establishment of, 111.

Freedom, slaves' love of, 14, 25, 178, 195-197.

Free Soil party, 100, 306;

principles of, 321;

abolitionists' share in organization of, 326;

state convention of, at time of attempted rescue of Burns, 332.

From Dixie to Canada, by H. U. Johnson, 4.

Fry, Gen. Speed S., 159, 160.

Fugitive slaves, memoranda of, in transit, 9, 10;

hiding-places of, 13, 63, 64;

routes of, in southern Illinois, 14, 15, 135, 139, 141;

in eastern Indiana, 16, 137, 138, 141, 142;

rendition of, in the colonies, 19, 20;

refuges of, in the Southern states and adjoining regions, 25;

United States census reports on, 26, 342, 343;

by whom encouraged along the way, 32;

rescue of, 38, 39, 83-86, 240, 273, 275, 276, 284, 336;

earliest arrivals of, in Canada, 43;

pursuit of, 51, 52;

methods of conveying, 59-62;

transportation of, over steam railroads, 59, 78-81, 122-124, 128, 130, 132, 133, 142-145, 164, 165;

disguises furnished, 64-67;

destitution among, 76-78, 109;

transportation of, by boat, 82, 83, 146-148;

escapes of, to England, 82, 133, 145, 249, 317;

friends of, in Iowa, 95, 98, 194, 195;

Oberlin, a well-known refuge for, 97;

prosecutions for aiding, 102, 103, 254, 273-281, 283-285, 317;

notable friends of, 104-112;

main routes of, 118, 119, 134;

routes of,

through Pennsylvania, 120-123,

through New Jersey and New York, 123-128,

through Massachusetts, 128-133,

through Vermont, 130, 131;

James Freeman Clarke on protection given, in Boston, 132 n.;

routes of, through

New Hampshire and Maine, 133, 134,

Ohio, 134-137, 140,

Western states, 134-141;

Ontario the goal of the great majority of, 140, 147;

escapes of, by sea, 144, 145;

journey of John Brown and party of, through Iowa, 164;

use of, in Brown's plan of liberation, 167;

delight of, on reaching Canada, 178, 196, 197;

escape of, from Canada to United States, 190;

rumors of Canada among, 192;

numbers of, early forwarded to Canada, 192;

resolution in Congress regarding friends of, 193;

number of, arriving daily in Canada, 194;

character of Canadian refugees, states whence they came, 195;

general condition of, in Canada, 198;

treatment of, in Canada, 199-201;

attitude of Canadian government toward, 201-203;

befriended by Indians in Canada, 203;

colonies of, in Canada, 205;

Dawn Settlement of, 205-207;

Elgin Settlement of, 207, 209;

occupation of, in the colonies, 207, 223, 224, 226;

progress of, in Canada, 208, 209, 224-228;

Refugees' Home Settlement of, 209, 210;

purpose of the colonies, 210, 211;

Howe's criticism of the colonies, 211, 212;

defence of the colonies, 212-217;

fugitive settlers in the towns of Canada, 217, 218, 225, 226;

spread of, in Ontario, 218, 219;

in the Eastern provinces, 219;

number of abiding places for, in Canada, 219, 220;

population of, in Canada, 220-222;

destitute condition of, on arrival, 222, 223;

domestic relations of, 227, 228;

schools for, in Canada, 228-230;

associations for self-improvement among, 230, 231;

taxable property of, 232;

political rights of, in Canada, 233;

their value as citizens, 233, 234;

numbers of, and risks of, settling in Northern states, 236-238;

pursuit of, 240, 241, 317;

seizure of, under law of 1850, 241, 242;

increased difficulty of reclamation of, in Northern states, 242, 243;

mass-meetings in favor of, 244;

enactment of personal liberty laws in defence of, 245, 246;

consternation among, in the North, due to law of 1850, 246-248, 316;

Boston a favorite resort for, 246;

exodus of, from the States, 249, 250;

continued residence of, in the States after passage of law of 1850, 250, 251;

underground men among, 251-253;

question of state's power to legislate concerning, 260, 261;

first congressional enactment concerning, questioned, 263, 264;

effect of Prigg decision in Northern states, 265;

penalties under law of 1850 for aiding, 271;

fervor in aiding, after 1850, 273, 357;

penalties for aiding, 273-281;

counsel for, 281-285, 308, 309;

arrest of friends of, 283-285;

army officers forbidden to restore, 287;

colonial laws against, 290-293;

question of extradition of, in 1787, 293;

Kentucky's protest against admission of, to Canada, 299;

significance of diplomatic negotiations regarding, 300;

effect of appeal of, 301;

from the border and cotton states, 312;

non-delivery of, as a Southern grievance, 314;

as missionaries in the cause of freedom, 323, 348, 357;

Garrison on, as public speakers, 325 n.;

Sumner on the import of the appeal of, to Northern communities, 325;

increasing number after 1850, 338;

computation of number aided in Ohio and Philadelphia, 346;

letter regarding aid given to, at Lawrence, Kan., 347-350;

significance of controversy in regard to, 356.

Fugitive slave cases, 102, 103, 254, 273-281, 283-285, 317;

during period 1840-1860, 337.

Fugitive Slave Law of 1793,

substance of, 21, 22;

inefficiency of, 22, 31, 47;

support of state laws given to, 22, 237, 238;

origin of demand for, 254;

analysis and characterization of, 254, 255;

appeal to Ordinance of 1787 for overthrow of, 262;

court decisions on irreconcilability between Ordinance of 1787 and, 263;

constitutionality of, 264, 265;

prosecutions and penalties under, 272-281;

Josiah Quincy counsel in one of the earliest cases under, 283;

early resistance to, 294, 295;

attempts at amendment of, 295-298;

effect of Prigg decision on effectiveness of, 309.

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850,

reason for enactment of, 2;

destruction of records of fugitives aided, due to, 7, 10, 11;

Parker's memoranda of resistance to, in Boston, 8;

causes which led to enactment of, 22, 44, 173, 174, 265, 290, 309-311, 357;

substance of, 23;

effect of, 24, 25, 40, 44, 48, 71-76, 187, 193, 194, 213, 214, 240, 241, 249, 250, 316, 317, 321, 323, 337, 338;

insistence of lower Southern states on enactment of, 30;

penalties provided by, 48, 102;

vigilance committees a product of, 71-76;

denunciation of, by Theodore Parker, 90;

appeal to churches evoked by, 98, 99;

Defensive League of Freedom for persons violating, 103, 104;

Congressman J. R. Giddings defies, 105;

members of Congress violating, 106-108;

other notable persons among violators of, 109-112;

abductions following the passage of, 153-155, 159-166, 175, 181-183, 187-189;

the U. G. R. R. and the, 193, 290;

Dr. Howe on effect of, 194 n.;

effect of, on the arrival of slaves in Canada, 194, 213, 214;

Benj. Drew on effect of, 213;

Josiah Henson on effect of, 214;

homage paid to, 238, 239;

resistance to, condemned by newspapers, 239;

slave-hunting after enactment of, 240, 241;

active resistance to, in the North, 243-246;

object of, 243;

consternation among fugitives in the North over, 246-248;

exodus of fugitives from, and continued residence in Northern states after passage of, 249-251;

grounds of attack upon legality of, 255;

Prof. Eugene Wambaugh on the dilemma involved in, 256 n.;

question of trial by jury under, 256, 257;

Prigg decision leads to, 265;

supplementary to law of 1793, 265;

objectionable features of, 266-273;

old and new arguments brought against, 268;

remuneration of commissioners under, 271;

prosecutions and penalties under, 272-281;

public denunciation of, 272, 318, 327-329, 333, 336;

failure of penalties under, to deter resistance to, 272, 273;

arguments against, by Chase and Seward, 282;

last case under, 285;

amendment proposed in 1860 recognizing validity of, 286;

after 1861, 287;

repeal of, 288;

efforts which led up to, 297, 298, 301;

Webster's, Clay's, and Calhoun's support of, 314;

enactment of, 314;

by whom passed, 315;

enforcement of, 316-318;

open resistance to, 318-320;

the law of 1850 and Uncle Tom's Cabin, 321;

Sumner's efforts in Senate to secure repeal of, 324-326;

open defiance of, during decade 1850-1860, 326 et seq.;

penetrating criticism of, by able counsel, 327;

pronounced unconstitutional by Wisconsin convention, 329;

hostility to, in Illinois, 333;

open violation of, in Oberlin-Wellington rescue case, 335;

repeal of, demanded by Republican party, 337;

Claiborne on the failure of, to make compensation to the South for abducted slaves, 341;

violation of, charged against the North by Southern congressmen during sessions of 1860-1861, 351, 352;

Buchanan on enforcement of, during his administration, 353;

purpose of Lincoln to execute, 355;

question of obligation to restore fugitives, 356.

Fuller, James C., 206.

Fullerton, Rev. Hugh S., 32.

Furber, James, operator, 133.

Fyffe, W. B., reminiscences of, entitled "History of Anti-Slavery Days," 6;

map of route in Illinois, by, 139.

Galesburg, Ill., old First Church of, as U. G. R. R. station, 64;

anti-slavery Presbyterians in, 96;

importance of, as a centre, 97.

Gallatin, on negotiations with England regarding extradition of fugitives, 299, 300.

Gannett, Dr. E. S., loyalty of, to Slave Law, 238.

Gardner, Ozem, 89.

Garland, B. W., claimant of Joshua Glover, 327.

Garner, Margaret, case of, 302;

effect upon public opinion of case of, 302, 303.

Garretson, Joseph, 57.

Garrett, Thomas, reward for abduction of, 53;

disguises provided by, 64;

ships fugitives by boat, 82;

a devotee of U. G. R. R., 110, 111;

on Harriet Tubman, 188;

aid given to Harriet Tubman by, 189;

Mrs. H. B. Stowe on, 322.

Garrison, William Lloyd, abstinence from voting of, 100, 101;

predecessors of, in advocacy of immediate abolition, 303-308;

acquaintance of, with Rankin's Letters on Slavery, 308;

address to Southern bondmen by, 310;

on fugitives as public speakers, 325 n.;

preparation of the way for, 357.

Garrisonian abolitionists, principles of, 100, 101.

Gay, Sydney Howard, an efficient agent, 108.

Geneva College, influence of, 115.

Geography of U. G. R. R., feasibility of representing the, 113;

extent of, 113, 114;

number and distribution of stations, 114, 115;

Southern routes, 116-118;

main channels of flight of slaves, 118, 119;

lines of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, 119, 120;

routes of eastern Pennsylvania, 120-122;

routes of western Pennsylvania, 122, 123;

outlets through New Jersey, 123-125;

routes of New York, 125-128;

routes of New England states, 128, 129;

lines of Massachusetts, 129, 130, 132;

routes of Vermont, 130, 131;

branches of Rhode Island and Connecticut, 131;

routes of New Hampshire, 132, 133;

routes of Maine, 133, 134;

secret paths in the Western states, 134;

lines in Ohio, 135;

routes of Illinois, Michigan, and Iowa, 135, 136;

examination of map of Morgan County, O., 136, 137;

study of Falley's map of Indiana and Michigan routes, 137-139;

map of simple route in Illinois, noteworthy features of general map, 139;

trend of lines, 139-141;

multiple and intricate trails, 141;

broken lines and isolated place names, 141, 142;

river routes, 142;

routes by rail, 142-144;

routes by sea, 144, 145;

terminal stations, 145-147;

lines of lake travel, 147, 148;

Canadian ports, 148, 149.

Georgia, route from northern, 119;

in Brown's plan of liberation, 167;

Canadian refugees from, 195;

William and Ellen Craft from, 317;

convention on execution of Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, 318, 319;

charges of bad faith preferred against the North by Jones of, 351.

Germans, attitude of, toward fugitive slaves, 92, 93, 355, 356.

Gibbons, Daniel, number of fugitives aided by, 10, 87, 88.

Gibbs, Mr., agent, 126.

Gibbs, Jacob, assistant of Rev. Charles T. Torrey, 169.

Giddings, Joshua R., friend of bondmen, 7;

source of abolition ideas of, 31;

hiding-place in house of, 63;

on attitude of North toward enforcement of law of 1850, 105, 106, 315, 316;

champion of anti-slavery party in Congress, 173.

Gilliland, Rev. James, 32, 41, 95.

Giltner vs. Gorham, case of, 275.

Glover, Joshua, arrest of, as fugitive, 327;

rescue of, 328, 329.

Glover, J. O., counsel for runaways, 284.

Goens, Reuben, visit to Canada by, 199.

Goodnow, Lyman, 92.

Gorham, Giltner vs., case of, 275.

Gorsuch, in Christiana case, 280, 319.

Grand Trunk Railroad, 80, 81, 133.

Grant, of firm of Baxter and, owners of Lewis Hayden, 158.

"Grape-vine telegraph," used by abolitionists, 56.

Gray, Jim, fugitive from Missouri, 283.

Gray, Jonathan H., 88.

Gray, O. C., counsel for runaways, 284.

Gray, Thomas L., reminiscences of, 6;

number of slaves aided by, 89;

on abductor Rial Cheadle, 178, 179.

Grier, Justice, charge of, to jury in the Mitchell case, 279;

charge of, to jury in the Christiana case, 281.

Griffith, Commonwealth vs., case of, 258.

Grimes, Rev. Leonard B., organizer of Church of the Fugitive Slaves, 246, 250, 251.

Grinnell, Hon. J. B., receiver of fugitives, 58;

"liberty room" in house of, 108;

host of John Brown, 164.

Guilford College, N.C., organization of U. G. R. R. near, 40, 117.

Gunn, Erastus F., on route in Massachusetts.

Hale, John P., a champion of anti-slavery party in Congress, 173.

Halliday, Simeon, counterpart of, in real life known by Mrs. Stowe, 322.

Hamilton, Ray vs. Donnell and, case of, 278.

Hamlet, James, case of, first under Slave Law of 1850, 269.

Hanway, Castner, part of, in Christiana case, 280, 281.

Harper, Jean, one of party abducted by John Brown, 163.

Harper's Ferry, prelude to, 162;

plan of attack upon, reported by Hinton, 167;

effect of attack upon, on value of slave property, 339.

Harrod, Leonard, on slave's desire for freedom, 195.

Harvard University, scholarship in, founded by escaped slave, Harriet Hayden, 158;

action of overseers of, against Loring, 333.

Harwood, Edward, 64.

Haviland, Mrs. Laura S., on labors of abductor Fairfield, 153, 154;

attempted abduction by, 171, 172;

work of, in Refugees' Home, 210;

Sunday-school of, for fugitives, 230;

intercession of, for the runaway Anderson, 353.

Hayden, Harriet, bequest of, to Harvard University, 158.

Hayden, Lewis, abduction of, 158;

operator, 251, 252.

Hayes family, 15.

Hayes, Rutherford B., counsel in fugitive slave cases, 282;

on effect of Margaret Garner case, 303.

Haywood, William, on underground route in Indiana, 16.

Henson, Josiah, knowledge of Canada carried among slaves by, 28;

as abductor, 176-178;

on condition of Canadian refugees, 198;

founder of school in Canada, 205;

on work of British and American Institute, 214;

on morality of Dawn Settlement, 216;

on refugee population, 220, 221;

lumber industry established by, 223;

lectures on farming by, 224;

list of towns where refugees settled according to, 225;

on number of fugitive settlers in Northern states, 237;

on effects of Slave Law of 1850, 249;

a notable passenger of U. G. R. R., 340.

Hiding-places, for fugitive slaves, 12, 13, 14, 25, 40, 62-65, 131, 248, 251, 252, 276, 280, 302.

Higginson, Col. T. W., indictment of, 103;

connection with U. G. R. R., 105, 132;

on continued residence of fugitives in Massachusetts after passage of law of 1850, 250;

part of, in attempted rescue of Burns, 331, 332.

Hill vs. Low, case of, 273.

Hill, Leverett B., 88.

Hill, Milton, 88.

Hinton, Richard J., on escapes through Kansas, 114;

on John Brown's plan of liberation, 166, 167;

on Dr. A. M. Ross, 183 n.;

on refugee population in Canada West, 221, 222.

History of Anti-Slavery Days, reminiscences by W. B. Fyffe entitled, 6.

History of Springfield, Mass., account of Connecticut River route in, 127.

Hodge, D. B., on abduction by Canadian refugee, 152.

Holmes, of Massachusetts, objections of, to bill of 1817 as basis of

new Slave Law, 297.

Holt, Horace, special conveyance of, for fugitives, 60.

Hood family, 15.

Hood, John, 14.

Hooper, John H., agent, 253.

Hope, A. R., author of Heroes in Homespun, 2, 5.

Hopkins family, 87.

Hopkins, Capt. Amos, stowaway on brig of, 81.

Hopper, Isaac T., methods of secret emancipation early practised by, 34, 35, 346, 347;

fugitives sent by sea by, 145.

Hoppess, State vs., case of, 256, 257, 259, 262, 263.

Hossack, John, indicted for helping fugitives, 284.

Howard, Col. D. W. H., 37.

Howard, Edward, early operator, 37.

Howard, Senator Jacob M., 106.

Howe, Senator, of Wisconsin, bill for repeal of Fugitive Slave Law introduced by, 286.

Howe, Dr. S. G., on escape of slaves, 43, 44;

on abductions by Canadian refugees, 152;

on origin of U. G. R. R., 192;

on effect of Slave Law of 1850, 194;

on reception of fugitives in Canada, 201;

on Elgin Settlement, 208, 209;

criticism of refugee colonies by, 212-214;

on organizations for relief of fugitives, 217;

on number of colonies in Canada, 219;

on refugee population of Canada, 220-222;

on condition of farmers among Canadian refugees, 224, 225;

on their thrift, 226 n., 227;

on their morality, 228;

on their ability to read and write, 230;

on their taxable property, 232;

on their value as citizens, 234.

Hubbard, of Connecticut, on enlistment of colored soldiers, 288.

Hubbard and Company, fugitives shipped from warehouse of, 148.

Hudson, David, early operator, 37.

Hughes, Thomas, 49.

Hunn, Ezekiel, operator in Delaware, 117.

Hunn, John, operator in Delaware, 117.

Hunt, N. A., on abducting methods of Mission Institute, 155, 156.

Hurlburt, Chauncey, 16.

Hyde, Udney, agent of U. G. R. R., 69;

defender of fugitive Addison White, 334.

Illinois,

U. G. R. R. in southern, 14, 15;

prospect of organization of, as a slaveholding state, 18;

anti-slavery sentiment in, 31;

anti-slavery Southerners in, 32, 41, 91;

rise of U. G. R. R. in, 41, 42;

secret operations at Dwight, 61;

reputed president of U. G. R. R. in, 69;

underground helpers in, 70, 88, 92;

transportation for fugitives by rail in, 79;

emancipated slaves in, 93;

Owen Lovejoy of, declares in Congress his right to aid slaves, 107;

Rev. Asa Turner on hidden thoroughfares in, 114;

population of various parts of, 115;

favorable situation of, 134;

distribution of lines in, 135;

chart of route in, 139;

trend of lines in, broken lines and isolated place-names in, 141;

deportation of fugitives from Chicago, 147;

abductors at southern extremity of, 151;

abducting enterprises at Quincy, 155;

vigorous work by abolitionists of, 194, 195;

failure of, to pass full personal liberty law, 246;

arrest of Owen Lovejoy and others, for aiding fugitives, 283;

spirit of nullification in, 333.

Illinois Central Railroad, 79, 144.

Illinois River, a thoroughfare for fugitives, 82.

Immediate abolition,

early advocates of, 303-306;

Garrisonian movement, 307;

early formulation of principle of, in underground neighborhoods, 357.

Independent, the, on escape of slaves from Missouri after 1850, 194;

on "Ohio Underground Line," 195.

Indiana, Levi Coffin in, 4, 40, 41;

newspaper contributions on routes of southern, 7;

Grant County route in, 15, 16;

prospect of organization of, as a slaveholding state, 18;

anti-slavery Quakers in, 31;

beginnings of the U. G. R. R. in, 40, 41, 117;

Clay on enforcement of law of 1850 in, 48;

slave-hunters in, 53, 54, 65;

aid rendered by Female Anti-Slavery Association in, 77;

transportation by rail in, 79, 144;

emancipated slaves in, important underground centres in, 93;

secret work of Quakers in eastern, 94;

favorable situation of, 134;

distribution of routes in, 135;

Falley's map of lines in, 137-139;

direction of routes in, 140;

Fountain City route in, broken lines and isolated place-names in, 141;

abductors along southern boundary of, 151;

capture of abductor Concklin in, 161, 162;

personal liberty law of, 245, 246;

rescue in, 275, 276;

principles of Rev. James Duncan, of southeastern, 304-306;

vote of United States senators from, on law of 1850, 314.

Indians, effect of removal from Gulf states, 26, 308;

aid given fugitives by, 37, 38, 91, 92;

hospitality of, in Canada, 203;

Dawn Institute attended by, 207.

Indian Territory, fugitives from, 284.

Insurrection of slaves, Brown's plan to arouse, 166-168;

danger of, lessened by the U. G. R. R., 340.

Intelligencer, the, on "evil" of running off slaves, 194.

Iowa, reminiscences of the "Early Settlement and Growth of Western," 7;

John Brown's journey through, 8, 9, 164;

organized as free state, 18;

anti-slavery Quakers in, 31, 33;

rise of U. G. R. R. in, 42, 43;

escape of Nuckolls' slaves through, 52;

transportation by rail in, 79;

Methodist operators in, 95;

underground lines in, 98, 114, 135, 136;

direction of routes in, broken lines and isolated place-names in, 141;

abductors along frontier of, 151;

underground activity of abolitionists of, 194, 195;

failure of, to pass full personal liberty law, 246;

capture of operators in, 284.

Irdell, on fugitive slave clause in Constitution, 294.

Irish settlers, underground work among, 92.

Jack vs. Martin, case of, 256, 257, 260.

Jackson, Andrew, supported by Illinois on nullification question, 333.

Jackson, Francis, letter of, regarding church contributions for fugitives, 99.

Jackson, William, 132;

on settlement of Queen's Bush, Canada, 204, 205.

Jacksonville, escape from, 81, 145.

Jacob, Gov. Richard T., pardons abductor Fairbank, 159, 160.

Jefferson, Thomas, "abolition tract" by, 31.

Jerry rescue. See Rescue of Jerry McHenry.

Johnson, attorney-general of Pennsylvania, on unconstitutionality of Fugitive Slave Law, 264.

Johnson family, fugitive settlers near Detroit, 236.

Johnson, Gabe N., operator, 64.

Johnson, H. U., author of From Dixie to Canada, 2;

characterization of his book, 4.

Johnson vs. Tompkins, case of, 273, 274.

Johnson, William, incident given by, showing misinformation about Canada among slaves, 197.

Johnston, Rev. N. R., letter of, on capture of abductor Concklin, 161.

Johnston, William, cause of flight of, 27.

Johnston, William A., on beginnings of U. G. R. R. in Ohio, 39.

Jolliffe, Amos A., on routes in western Pennsylvania, 123.

Jolliffe, John, counsel for fugitives, 282.

Jones, John W., colored agent, 128, 143, 252, 253.

Jones, of Georgia, brings charges against the North on account of U. G. R. R., 351.

Jones, of Indiana, vote of, on the Fugitive Slave Law, 314.

Jones, Thomas, on dissatisfaction in Refugees' Home Settlement, 216.

Jones vs. Van Zandt, case of, 262, 274, 275.

Jones, William Box P., transportation of, as freight, 60.

Jury trial, denial of, to fugitives, 256, 257.

Kagi and Stephens, responsible for shooting of David Cruse on Brown's raid, 163;

arranges for eastern trip of Brown, 164, 165;

Brown's plan of liberation related by, 166, 167.

Kanawha River, a thoroughfare for fugitives, 82.

Kansas, Brown's journey through, 8, 9, 136, 162-164;

R. J. Hinton on escape of slaves through, 114, 119;

personal liberty law of, 246;

Bowles' letter on work of underground station of Lawrence, 347-350.

Kansas-Nebraska Act, appeal to the churches evoked by, 99;

mass-meetings in opposition to, 328;

relation of Glover and Burns cases to, 331.

Kauffman, Daniel, prosecution of, 102.

Kelly, Abby, disowned by Uxbridge monthly meeting, 49.

Kelsey, Capt., master of an "abolitionist" boat, 82.

Kenderdine, John, 274.

Kentucky, news of Canada early brought into, 27;

abducting trip of Dr. A. M. Ross into, 28;

knowledge of Canada among slaves in, 28, 29, 37;

negotiations of, with adjoining free states for extradition of fugitives, 47;

slave-hunters from, 53, 54;

abduction of slaves from Covington, 61;

fugitives from, 85, 109;

Rev. John Rankin in, 109, 306;

underground routes from, 119;

incident of rescue from plantation of, 153;

abduction of the Hayden family from Lexington, 158;

visit of Mrs. Haviland to, for purpose of abducting slaves, 171, 172;

Henson's abduction of slaves from, 177, 178;

Elijah Anderson, abductor, imprisoned in, 183;

abductions from, by John Mason, 184;

Canadian refugees from, 195;

effect of slave-breeding in, 228;

John Van Zandt, anti-slavery man from, 274, 275;

rescue of fugitives escaped from, 275, 276;

Mallory of, on repeal of law of 1850, 288;

resolution of, against admission of slaves to Canada, desirous of extradition of fugitives from, 299;

Margaret Garner, a fugitive from, 302;

petitions Congress for protection for slaveholder, 311;

complaint of, against the free states, 312;

residence of Harriet Beecher Stowe on borders of, 321;

Senator Atchison of, on loss sustained by slave-owners of border states, 341;

fugitives from, recorded by Osborn, 344, 345;

Senator Polk on losses of, through underground channels, 352;

reasons of, for remaining in the Union, 354, 356;

insistence of, on retention of Fugitive Slave Law by the government, 356.

Kidnapping, of free persons in the North between 1850 and 1856, 240;

along southern border of free states, 295;

petition of Baltimore Quakers for protection of free negroes against, 296, 318;

case of, 318.

Kightlinger, Jacob, informer, 50, 51.

Kilbourne, Col. James, aids in rescue of a fugitive, 38, 84.

King, on the proposition to prohibit slavery in the Northwest Territory, 293.

King, Rev. William, 207-209, 212;

projector of Elgin Settlement, 202, 207;

testimony of, concerning the settlement, 208, 209;

on morality of Elgin Settlement, 216;

on the civil offices held by Canadian refugee settlers, 233.

Kinjeino, Chief, friend of fugitives, 37, 38, 92.

Kirkpatrick family, operators, 87.

Kirtland, Dr. Jared P., station-keeper, 104.

Knox College. See Galesburg, Ill.

Knox, Hon. Joseph, counsel in fugitive slave case, 284.

Knoxville, Ill., multiple routes of, 141.

Lake Shore Home Magazine, chapters of "Romances and Realities of the Underground Railroad" in, 4.

Lane Seminary, secession of students from, 97.

Langdon, Jervis, agent, 128, 252;

forwards fugitives by rail, 143.

Langston, fined for aiding fugitives, 279.

Larnard, Hon. E. C., counsel in fugitive slave case, 284.

Latimer case, 337.

Lawrence, James, 162.

Lee, Judge Thomas, letter of, concerning family of fugitives, 58, 59.

Leeper, H. B., on beginnings of U. G. R. R. in Illinois, 41, 42;

on number of negroes aided, 88.

Leeper, John, early operator, 41.

Leland, Judge E. S., counsel in fugitive slave cases, 283, 284.

Leonard, Mr., slave aided by, 154.

Letters of underground men, 10, 11. See Correspondence.

Letters on Slavery, by Rev. John Rankin, 308.

Lewis, Elijah, part in Christiana case, 280, 281.

Liberator, the, hiding-place over office of, 63;

on flight of slaves after enactment of law of 1850, 249, 250.

Liberty party,

in national politics, 100;

Gen. Samuel Fessenden, nominee of, for governorship of Maine and for Congress, 106;

part of Gerrit Smith in organization of, in New York, 107;

motives of abolitionists for joining, 306;