«Растения Мичигана: Простые определители местных семенных растений штата»

1a. Flowers pale-yellow, with a few red-brown spots Touch-me-not, Impatiens pallida.

1b. Flowers orange, thickly spotted with red-brown Touch-me-not, Impatiens biflora.

RHAMNACEAE, крушиновые семейство

Кустарники с простыми листьями и мелкими цветками в пазушных или верхушечных пучках в начале лета; чашелистиков, лепестков и тычинок от 4 до 5, или лепестки отсутствуют.

1a. Leaves with a single mid-vein; flowers in axillary clusters, greenish (Buckthorn) — 2.

1b. Leaves with 3-5 principal veins; flowers in dense terminal clusters, white (Red-root) — 3.

2a. Lateral veins 3-4 pairs (stout shrub, frequently thorny, escaped from cultivation) Buckthorn, Rhamnus cathartica.

2b. Lateral veins 6-9 pairs (1 m. high or less; in swamps and bogs) Buckthorn, Rhamnus alnifolia.

3a. Leaves ovate, rounded or cordate at the base, 2-5 cm. wide or more (4-8 dm. high) Red-root, Ceanothus americanus.

3b. Leaves elliptical-lanceolate, 2 cm. wide or less (3-8 dm. high) Red-root, Ceanothus ovatus.

VITACEAE, виноградные семейство

Кустарники, вьющиеся с помощью усиков или удерживающих корней, с пальчато-лопастными или пальчато-сложными листьями и мелкими зеленоватыми цветками в метелках или уплощенных пучках; лепестков и чашелистиков по 4 или 5; плод — ягода.

1a. Leaves compound (summer) (Virginia Creeper) — 2.

1b. Leaves simple (late spring) (Grape) — 4.

2a. Branches of the tendrils chiefly ending in adhesive disks — 3.

2b. Branches of the tendrils twining, or rarely with a few disks Virginia Creeper, Psedera vitacea.

3a. Stem and foliage glabrous Virginia Creeper, Psedera quinquefolia.

3b. Stem and foliage pubescent, at least when young Virginia Creeper, Psedera quinquefolia var. hirsuta.

4a. Leaves conspicuously pubescent beneath — 5.

4b. Leaves glabrous beneath when mature, or pubescent on the veins only — 6.

5a. A tendril or flower-cluster opposite each leaf Fox Grape, Vitis labrusca.

5b. No tendril opposite each third leaf Summer Grape, Vitis aestivalis.

6a. Pith continuous through the joints of the stem Fox Grape, Vitis rotundifolia.

6b. Pith interrupted by the solid joints — 7.

7a. Leaf-lobes with rounded angles between them Summer Grape, Vitis bicolor.

7b. Leaf-lobes with sharp angles between them — 8.

8a. Leaves coarsely toothed, unlobed or slightly 3-lobed Frost Grape, Vitis cordifolia.

8b. Leaves sharply toothed, prominently lobed Frost Grape, Vitis vulpina.

TILIACEAE, липовые семейство

Деревья с очередными простыми пальчато-нервными листьями и пучками ароматных белых цветков в конце весны, отходящими из середины листовидного прицветника; чашелистиков и лепестков по 5; тычинок многочисленные, но соединенные в 5 пучков.

One species in Michigan Basswood, Tilia americana.

MALVACEAE, мальвовые семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными листьями; чашелистиков и лепестков по 5; тычинок многочисленные, соединенные своими нитями с образованием трубки, окружающей столбики; завязь многогнездная.

1a. Flowers yellow (summer and autumn) — 2.

1b. Flowers pale-yellow, with a dark center (2-4 dm. high; late summer) Flower-of-an-hour, Hibiscus trionum.

1c. Flowers white to red or blue, never yellow — 3.

2a. Leaves broadly heart-shape (10-15 dm. tall) Velvet Leaf, Abutilon theophrasti.

2b. Leaves ovate-lanceolate (2-5 dm. tall) Sida, Sida spinosa.

3a. Calyx subtended by 6 to many bractlets which are sometimes united at base (summer) — 4.

3b. Calyx subtended by 3 bractlets, or by none — 6.

4a. Flowers 2-4 cm. wide (5-10 dm. high; flowers pink) Marsh Mallow, Althaea officinalis.

4b. Flowers 7-15 cm. wide (8-15 dm. high; flowers pink to nearly white) (Rose Mallow) — 5.

5a. Leaves densely pubescent below Rose Mallow, Hibiscus moscheutos.

5b. Leaves glabrous Rose Mallow, Hibiscus militaris.

6a. Petals prominently notched at the end or reverse heart-shape (Mallow) — 7.

6b. Petals obtuse or truncate (summer) — 11.

7a. Flowers 1-1.5 cm. wide — 8.

7b. Flowers 2-5 cm. wide (3-8 dm. high; flowers in summer) — 9.

8a. Stems procumbent, prostrate, or spreading (spring, summer, and autumn) Mallow, Malva rotundifolia.

8b. Stems erect (10-15 dm. high; summer) Mallow, Malva verticillata.

9a. Leaves with prominent but shallow lobes; flowers axillary Mallow, Malva sylvestris.

9b. Leaves deeply lobed or cleft; flowers in the upper axils, producing a raceme-like cluster — 10.

10a. Lobes of the leaf dentate or incised Mallow, Malva alcea.

10b. Lobes of the leaf pinnately cleft into linear or narrowly oblong divisions Mallow, Malva moschata.

11a. Flowers white (1-2 m. high) Virginia Mallow, Sida hermaphrodita.

11b. Flowers purple or pink (3-5 dm. high, spreading) Poppy Mallow, Callirhoe triangulata.

HYPERICACEAE, зверобойные семейство

Травянистые растения или кустарники с супротивными цельными листьями, испещренными полупрозрачными железками; цветки обычно желтые (или розовые); чашелистиков и лепестков по 5; тычинок от 5 до многих; завязь с 3–5 столбиками. (Зверобой)

1a. Shrubs (4-8 dm. high; flowers yellow, summer) — 2.

1b. Herbs (flowers in summer) — 3.

2a. Styles 5 St. John's-wort, Hypericum kalmianum.

2b. Styles 3 St. John's-wort, Hypericum prolificum.

3a. Flowers pinkish, 15 mm. broad (3-5 dm. high, in swamps) Marsh St. John's-wort, Hypericum virginicum.

3b. Flowers yellow — 4.

4a. Flowers about 4 cm. wide; principal leaves 5-10 cm. long (7-15 dm. tall) St. John's-wort, Hypericum ascyron.

4b. Flowers 8-25 mm. wide; stamens 15 or more — 5.

4c. Flowers 1-10 mm. wide; stamens 12 or fewer (1-6 dm. high) — 7.

5a. Petals dotted with black (4-8 dm. high) — 6.

5b. Petals without black dots (2-5 dm. high) St. John's-wort, Hypericum ellipticum.

6a. Flowers 20-25 mm. wide; leaves of an oblong type, broadest near the middle St. John's-wort, Hypericum perforatum.

6b. Flowers 10-15 mm. wide; leaves of an ovate type, broadest below the middle St. John's-wort, Hypericum punctatum.

7a. Leaves minute, subulate, 1-3 mm. long Pineweed, Hypericum gentianoides.

7b. Leaves linear, with 1-3 principal veins, broadest near or above the middle St. John's-wort, Hypericum canadense.

7c. Leaves lanceolate, 4-6 times as long as broad, with 5-7 principal veins St. John's-wort, Hypericum majus.

7d. Leaves oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 1.5-3 times as long as broad — 8.

8a. Uppermost bracts linear St. John's-wort, Hypericum mutilum.

8b. Uppermost bracts resembling the leaves in shape, but smaller St. John's-wort, Hypericum boreale.

ELATINACEAE, водяночниковые семейство

Мелкие болотные травянистые растения с супротивными листьями без полупрозрачных точечек и незаметными пазушными цветками. (Стебли длиной 2–5 см; цветки летом.)

One species in Michigan Waterwort, Elatine americana.

CISTACEAE, ладанниковые семейство

Мелкие травянистые растения или кустарники с супротивными или очередными цельными листьями; цветки правильные, с 5 чашелистиками, 3 или 5 лепестками и от 3 до многочисленных тычинок.

1a. Flowers yellow (early summer) — 2.

1b. Flowers greenish or purplish, minute, in panicles (late summer) (Pinweed) — 4.

2a. Leaves crowded, closely appressed to the branches; flowers 7 mm. wide (2-4 dm. high) False Heather, Hudsonia tomentosa.

2b. Leaves spreading; flowers 15-30 mm. wide (3-6 dm. high) (Frostweed) — 3.

3a. Petal-bearing flowers solitary Frostweed, Helianthemum canadense.

3b. Petal-bearing flowers few, racemose Frostweed, Helianthemum majus.

4a. Stem-leaves linear, 4 or more times as long as wide — 5.

4b. Stem-leaves oblong or elliptical, about 3 times as long as wide (2-6 dm. tall) — 8.

5a. Plant pale with dense appressed pubescence (2-4 dm. high) Pinweed, Lechea stricta.

5b. Plant green, pubescence sparse or none — 6.

6a. Leaves thread-like, seldom exceeding 1 mm. in width (1-3 dm. tall) Pinweed, Lechea tenuifolia.

6b. Leaves 1-5 mm. wide (2-6 dm. high) — 7.

7a. Leaves on the basal shoots narrowly lanceolate Pinweed, Lechea intermedia.

7b. Leaves on the basal shoots oblong-elliptic, about twice as long as wide Pinweed, Lechea racemulosa.

8a. Pubescence of spreading hairs Pinweed, Lechea villosa.

8b. Pubescence of appressed hairs Pinweed, Lechea minor.

VIOLACEAE, фиалковые семейство

Травянистые растения с простыми, очередными или прикорневыми листьями и броскими неправильными цветками со шпорцем (за исключением первого вида); чашелистиков, лепестков и тычинок по 5; завязь 1-гнездная.

1a. Flowers regular or nearly so, greenish-white, axillary; erect plant with leafy stem (3-5 dm. high; spring) Green Violet, Hybanthus concolor.

1b. Flowers irregular, blue, yellow, or white, conspicuous (Violet) — 2.

2a. Plant stemless, the flowers all on leafless stalks and the leaves all basal (spring or early summer) — 3.

2b. Stems leafy (spring and summer) — 17.

3a. Petals yellow Round-leaved Violet, Viola rotundifolia.

3b. Petals blue, violet, or white — 4.

4a. Principal leaves at time of flowering deeply lobed — 5.

4b. Leaves oblong, ovate, or triangular, not narrowed to the petiole, and frequently sharply toothed or incised near the base — 7.

4c. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the base Violet, Viola lanceolata.

4d. Leaves heart-shape or kidney-shape, not lobed — 8.

5a. Lateral petals bearded — 6.

5b. Lateral petals not bearded Bird-foot Violet, Viola pedata.

6a. Leaves divided to the base into linear segments Bird-foot Violet, Viola pedatifida.

6b. Leaves irregularly divided into broader segments Hand-leaf Violet, Viola palmata.

7a. Leaves ovate-oblong, pubescent Violet, Viola fimbriatula.

7b. Leaves triangular-lanceolate, usually somewhat dilated at base, nearly or quite glabrous Violet, Viola sagittata.

8a. Flowers violet or blue (rarely white-flowered plants are found with the typical blue-flowered ones) (Blue Violets) — 9.

8b. Flowers white, the 3 lower petals marked with purple (White Violets) — 14.

9a. Lateral petals bearded — 10.

9b. Lateral petals beardless Great-spurred Violet, Viola selkirkii.

10a. Foliage glabrous — 11.

10b. Petioles and lower surface of leaves pubescent — 13.

11a. Beard of the lateral petals with a knob at the tip of each hair Blue Violet, Viola cucullata.

11b. Beard of the lateral petals not knobbed — 12.

12a. Spurred petal hairy Wood Violet, Viola affinis.

12b. Spurred petal glabrous Blue Violet, Viola papilionacea.

13a. Spurred petal villous Blue Violet, Viola septentrionalis.

13b. Spurred petal glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs Common Blue Violet, Viola sororia.

14a. Leaf-blade obviously pubescent — 15.

14b. Leaf-blade glabrous or very nearly so — 16.

15a. Lateral petals bearded Sweet White Violet, Viola incognita.

15b. Lateral petals not bearded White Violet, Viola renifolia.

16a. Leaf-blades strictly glabrous Sweet White Violet; Viola pallens.

16b. Leaf-blades with some minute white hairs on the upper surface near the base Sweet White Violet, Viola blanda.

17a. Stipules large and leaf-like, deeply pinnatifid and nearly or quite as long as the petioles — 18.

17b. Stipules small, inconspicuous, entire or toothed, and much shorter than the petiole — 19.

18a. Leaves serrate; flowers 1.5-2.5 cm. wide (1-3 dm. high; flowers of various colors) Pansy, Viola tricolor.

18b. Upper leaves entire or nearly so; flowers about 1 cm. wide (1-2 dm. high; flowers bluish-white) Wild Pansy, Viola rafinesquii.

19a. Petals yellow (1-4 dm. high) (Yellow Violet) — 20.

19b. Petals violet, blue, or white — 21.

20a. Foliage villous-pubescent Yellow Violet, Viola pubescens.

20b. Foliage nearly or quite glabrous Yellow Violet, Viola scabriuscula.

21a. Stipules entire (2-4 dm. high) Canada Violet, Viola canadensis.

21b. Stipules toothed — 22.

22a. Lateral petals not bearded (1-2 dm. high) Long-spurred Violet, Viola rostrata.

22b. Lateral petals bearded — 23.

23a. Flowers white or nearly white (1-3 dm. high) Pale Violet, Viola striata.

23b. Flowers blue (about 1 dm. high) — 24.

24a. Leaves smooth Dog Violet, Viola conspersa.

24b. Leaves pubescent Sand Violet, Viola arenaria.

CACTACEAE, кактусовые семейство

Мясистые членистые безлистные растения, вооруженные многочисленными колючками; цветки крупные (шириной 5–10 см), желтые, с примерно 10 лепестками и многочисленными тычинками.

One species in Michigan, on the shores of Lake Michigan; flowers in summer Prickly Pear, Opuntia rafinesquii.

THYMELAEACEAE, волчниковые семейство

Кустарники с простыми очередными цельными листьями и мелкими желтоватыми цветками в пучках, распускающимися до появления листьев; лепестки отсутствуют, чашелистики несколько напоминают лепестки.

One species in Michigan, 5-15 dm. tall, with very tough bark Leatherwood, Dirca palustris.

ELAEAGNACEAE, лоховые семейство

Кустарники с супротивными серебристо-опушенными простыми цельными листьями и мелкими пучками незаметных желтых цветков весной.

One species in Michigan, 1-2 m. high Buffalo Berry, Shepherdia canadensis.

LYTHRACEAE, дербенниковые семейство

Травянистые растения или кустарники с супротивными или очередными цельными листьями; цветоложе чашевидное или трубчатое, несущее 5–7 лепестков и чашелистиков по своему краю и 6–12 тычинок на своей внутренней поверхности; завязь верхняя.

1a. Stem shrubby (aquatic, stems 1-3 m. long; flowers pink, summer) Water Loosestrife, Decodon verticillatus.

1b. Stem herbaceous (4-10 dm. high; flowers purple, summer) — 2.

2a. Flowers solitary in the axils; leaves mostly alternate Loosestrife, Lythrum alatum.

2b. Flowers in terminal panicles; leaves opposite or whorled Loosestrife, Lythrum salicaria.

MELASTOMACEAE, меластомовые семейство

Травянистые растения с супротивными листьями с 3–5 главными жилками; цветоложе кувшинчатое, несущее 4 чашелистика и 4 лепестка по своему краю; тычинок 8; завязь 4-гнездная, верхняя.

One species in Michigan, 3-4 dm. high, with purple flowers in late summer Meadow Beauty, Rhexia virginica.

ONAGRACEAE, кипрейные семейство

Травянистые растения с супротивными или очередными простыми листьями и правильными цветками; чашелистиков и лепестков по 4 (или 2 у одного рода), тычинок 8 (или 2 у одного рода), прикрепленных к верхушке или внутренней части трубчатого цветоложа; завязь 2–4-гнездная, нижняя.

1a. Aquatic plant of shallow water or muddy ground, with prostrate stem (flowers minute, axillary; petals small or none, summer) Water Purslane, Ludvigia palustris.

1b. Land plants with erect or ascending stems — 2.

2a. Petals minute, greenish (3-8 dm. high; late summer) False Loosestrife, Ludvigia polycarpa.

2b. Petals yellow — 3.

2c. Petals white, pink, purple, or red — 9.

3a. Sepals borne at the summit of the ovary (5-10 dm. high; summer) False Loosestrife, Ludvigia alternifolia.

3b. Sepals borne at the summit of the slender tubular receptacle, which is prolonged beyond the ovary — 4.

4a. Stamens all equal in length (Evening Primrose) — 5.

4b. The alternate stamens longer (3-8 dm. high; summer) (Sundrops) — 8.

5a. Leaves deeply dentate or pinnatifid (2-5 dm. high; early summer) Evening Primrose, Oenothera laciniata.

5b. Leaves entire or undulate or finely toothed (5-12 dm. high; summer) — 6.

6a. Hairs on the stem with broad reddish bases Evening Primrose, Oenothera muricata.

6b. Hairs on the stem none, or without swollen bases — 7.

7a. Stem and foliage glabrous, or with sparse spreading hairs Evening Primrose, Oenothera biennis.

7b. Stem and foliage densely but closely appressed-pubescent Evening Primrose, Oenothera rhombipetala.

8a. Petals 5-10 mm. long Sundrops, Oenothera pumila.

8b. Petals 14 mm. long or more Sundrops, Oenothera fruticosa.

9a. Petals 2, reverse heart-shape, stamens 2 (flowers small, white, summer) (Enchanter's Nightshade) — 10.

9b. Petals 4; stamens 4 or 8 — 12.

10a. Leaves rounded at the base, denticulate (3-8 dm. high; fruit prickly) Enchanter's Nightshade, Circaea lutetiana.

10b. Leaves cordate at the base — 11.

11a. Fruit 2-celled, bristly (2-4 dm. high) Enchanter's Nightshade, Circaea intermedia.

11b. Fruit 1-celled, with soft hairs (delicate plant 2 dm. high, or less) Enchanter's Nightshade, Circaea alpina.

12a. Petals entire (summer) — 13.

12b. Petals notched at the end (flowers white or pinkish, less than 1 cm. broad, in summer) (Willow Herb) — 15.

13a. Flowers 2-3 cm. wide, purple (7-20 dm. high) Fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium.

13b. Flowers about 1 cm. wide — 14.

14a. Flowers red (2-5 dm. high) Gaura, Gaura coccinea.

14b. Flowers white, turning pink when old Gaura, Gaura biennis.

15a. Leaves entire, the margins usually somewhat revolute — 16.

15b. Leaves toothed, flat (4-9 dm. high) — 18.

16a. Plant densely pubescent with spreading hairs (3-8 dm. high) Willow Herb, Epilobium molle.

16b. Plant pubescent with appressed or incurved hairs — 17.

17a. Leaves linear, the margin revolute (3-5 dm. high) Willow Herb, Epilobium densum.

17b. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, not revolute (2-4 dm. high) Willow Herb, Epilobium palustre.

18a. Seeds tipped with a tuft of reddish-brown hairs Willow Herb, Epilobium coloratum.

18b. Seeds tipped with a tuft of white hairs Willow Herb, Epilobium adenocaulon.

HALORAGIDACEAE, урутевые семейство

Водные или болотные травянистые растения с очередными, супротивными или мутовчатыми листьями и мелкими незаметными верхушечными или пазушными цветками, часто без лепестков (лето).

1a. Leaves none, or else very small and inconspicuous Water Milfoil, Myriophyllum tenellum.

1b. Leaves alternate (1-4 dm. high) Mermaid Weed, Proserpinaca palustris.

1c. Leaves opposite or whorled — 2.

2a. Leaves entire (2-4 dm. high) Mare's-tail, Hippuris vulgaris.

2b. Leaves toothed or dissected (Water Milfoil) — 3.

3a. Flowers in the axils of foliage leaves — 4.

3b. Flowers in terminal spikes, subtended by bracts — 5.

4a. Flowers above water, subtended by toothed or entire leaves Water Milfoil, Myriophyllum heterophyllum.

4b. Flowers submerged, subtended by dissected leaves Water Milfoil, Myriophyllum farwellii.

5a. Flowers solitary or in pairs at each joint of the spike Water Milfoil, Myriophyllum alternifolium.

5b. Flowers several at each joint of the spike — 6.

6a. Bracts deeply pinnatifid Water Milfoil, Myriophyllum verticillatum var. pectinatum.

6b. Bracts entire or toothed Water Milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum.

ARALIACEAE, аралиевые семейство

Травянистые растения или колючие кустарники с очередными или мутовчатыми листьями и мелкими цветками в зонтиках; чашелистиков 5, миниатюрных; лепестков и тычинок по 5; завязь нижняя, с 2–5 столбиками, созревающая в ягоду.

1a. Leaves simple, palmately lobed (thorny shrub; flowers greenish-white, in panicles, in June) Devil's Club, Fatsia horrida.

1b. Leaves once compounded, whorled (umbel one, terminal) — 2.

1c. Leaves twice or thrice compounded (umbels several) — 3.

2a. Leaflets sessile; flowers white, in spring (1-2 dm. high) Dwarf Ginseng, Panax trifolium.

2b. Leaflets stalked; flowers greenish, in summer (2-5 dm. high) Ginseng, Panax quinquefolium.

3a. Stem and petioles spiny or bristly (flowers white, summer) — 4.

3b. Stem and petioles smooth or a little pubescent (flowers greenish-white) — 5.

4a. Shrubby, with stout thorns (1-3 m. high) Hercules' Club, Aralia spinosa.

4b. Herbaceous, with slender bristles (4-10 dm. high) Bristly Sarsaparilla, Aralia hispida.

5a. Stem-leaves present; leaflets cordate at the base (8-15 dm. high; summer) Spikenard, Aralia racemosa.

5b. Leaf and flower-stalk arising from the ground; leaflets acute at the base (2-4 dm. high; spring) Wild Sarsaparilla, Aralia nudicaulis.

UMBELLIFERAE, зонтичные семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными, обычно сложными листьями, черешки которых расширены у основания; цветки мелкие, в зонтиках или головках; чашелистиков 5, миниатюрных или даже отсутствующих; лепестков и тычинок по 5; завязь нижняя, с 2 столбиками, созревающая в сухой плод.

1a. Leaves simple (flowers in summer) — 2.

1b. Leaves compound, or at least deeply cleft — 4.

2a. Leaves linear, sword-shape (4-10 dm. tall; flowers greenish-white) Rattlesnake Master, Eryngium yuccifolium.

2b. Leaves kidney-shape or almost circular (stems creeping, about 1 dm. high; flowers white) (Water Pennywort) — 3.

3a. Leaves peltate, attached by the center Water Pennywort, Hydrocotyle umbellata.

3b. Leaves not peltate, attached by the margin Water Pennywort, Hydrocotyle americana.

4a. Flowers yellow or purple — 5.

4b. Flowers white or greenish — 13.

5a. Leaf-segments entire (4-8 dm. high) — 6.

5b. Leaf-segments toothed or incised — 7.

6a. Leaf-segments filiform (summer) Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare.

6b. Leaf-segments ovate to lanceolate Golden Alexander, Taenidia integerrima.

7a. Leaves pinnately compound; some of the leaflets incised or pinnatifid — 8.

7b. Leaves ternately compound; the segments crenate or serrate — 9.

7c. Leaves deeply palmately cleft or divided; flowers in head-like umbels — 18a.

8a. Leaf-segments obtuse, rounded, or cordate at the base (6-15 dm. high; summer) Wild Parsnip, Pastinaca sativa.

8b. Leaf-segments narrowed to the base (4-8 dm. high; spring) Prairie Parsley, Polytaenia nuttallii.

9a. Terminal leaflets conspicuously stalked, their total length, including stalk, at least 50% greater than the length of the lateral leaflets (Meadow Parsnip) — 10.

9b. Terminal leaflets not conspicuously stalked, their total length, including stalk, about equaling the lateral leaflets (4-8 dm. high; late spring) (Golden Alexander) — 12.

10a. Flowers purple (4-8 dm. high; early summer) Meadow Parsnip, Thaspium aureum var. atropurpureum.

10b. Flowers yellow — 11.

11a. Stem-leaves once-ternate; leaflets finely serrate (4-8 dm. high; early summer) Meadow Parsnip, Thaspium aureum.

11b. Many stem-leaves 2-3-ternate; leaflets coarsely serrate or incised (6-12 dm. high; early summer) Meadow Parsnip, Thaspium barbinode.

12a. Basal and lower stem-leaves 2-3-ternate Golden Alexander, Zizia aurea.

12b. Basal leaves simple; stem-leaves once-ternate Golden Alexander, Zizia cordata.

13a. Leaves once-pinnate (or the submerged leaves decompound, if present) (summer) — 14.

13b. Leaves ternately, palmately, or 2-3-pinnately compound — 16.

14a. Leaflets mostly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, some of them coarsely incised (3-9 dm. high) Water Parsnip, Berula erecta.

14b. Leaflets linear to oblong, serrate to nearly entire, not incised (6-15 dm. high) — 15.

15a. Leaflets entire, or with a few low remote teeth Cowbane, Oxypolis rigidior.

15b. Leaflets finely but sharply serrate Water Parsnip, Sium cicutaefolium.

16a. Leaves principally basal, decompound; flowers in early spring (1-2 dm. high) Harbinger of Spring, Erigenia bulbosa.

16b. Leaves principally on the stem — 17.

17a. Leaves palmately or ternately once-compound — 18.

17b. Leaves 2-3 times compound or decompound — 24.

18a. Flowers short-pedicelled, crowded in head-like umbels, greenish; ovary bristly (4-9 dm. high; early summer) (Black Snakeroot) — 19.

18b. Flowers in open umbels, white — 22.

19a. Styles short, not projecting beyond the bristles of the mature fruit — 20.

19b. Styles long, projecting beyond the bristles of the fruit, and recurved — 21.

20a. Staminate flowers on pedicels 3-4 mm. long, equaling or barely exceeding the fruit Black Snakeroot, Sanicula trifoliata.

20b. Staminate flowers short-pedicelled, concealed among the fruits Black Snakeroot, Sanicula canadensis.

21a. Fruit short-stalked, 4 mm. long or less Black Snakeroot, Sanicula gregaria.

21b. Fruit sessile, 6-7 mm. long Black Snakeroot, Sanicula marilandica.

22a. Umbel unsymmetrical, its branches irregular in length; plant slender (3-8 dm. tall; early summer) Honewort, Cryptotaenia canadensis.

22b. Umbel symmetrical with regular branches; plants tall and stout — 23.

23a. Stem and leaves very pubescent (10-25 dm. high; summer) Cow Parsnip, Heracleum lanatum.

23b. Stem and leaves glabrous or nearly so (5-15 dm. high; early summer) Masterwort, Imperatoria ostruthium.

24a. Ovary and fruit bristly (4-10 dm. high) — 25.

24b. Ovary and fruit smooth or winged, never bristly — 27.

25a. Umbels loose, open, few-flowered; woodland plants blooming in spring (Sweet Cicely) — 26.

25b. Umbels densely flowered; weedy plants blooming from summer to fall Wild Carrot, Daucus carota.

26a. Stem villous-pubescent Sweet Cicely, Osmorhiza claytoni.

26b. Stem glabrous except at the joints Sweet Cicely, Osmorhiza longistylis.

27a. Leaflets merely serrate (flowers in summer) — 28.

27b. Leaflets coarsely incised, so that the leaf appears dissected — 30.

28a. Umbel densely pubescent (8-15 dm. high) Angelica, Angelica villosa.

28b. Umbel smooth — 29.

29a. Leaf-segments broadly ovate (8-15 dm. high) Angelica, Angelica atropurpurea.

29b. Leaf-segments lanceolate (8-15 dm. high) Water Hemlock, Cicuta maculata.

29c. Leaf-segments linear (4-10 dm. high) Water Hemlock, Cicuta bulbifera.

30a. Principal branches of the umbel 2-5; fruit linear-oblong; woodland plants blooming in spring (2-4 dm. high) Chervil, Chaerophyllum procumbens.

30b. Principal branches of the umbel 7 or more; fruit ovate to broadly elliptical (summer) — 31.

31a. Native plants, growing in swamps (5-15 dm. high) Hemlock Parsley, Conioselinum chinense.

31b. Introduced plants, in waste places and along roads — 32.

32a. Stems conspicuously spotted with purple (5-15 dm. high) Poison Hemlock, Conium maculatum.

32b. Stems not spotted with purple (2-5 dm. high) Caraway, Carum carvi.

CORNACEAE, кизиловые семейство

Деревья, кустарники или травянистые растения с очередными листьями и мелкими цветками в довольно скученных округлых или уплощенных пучках; чашелистиков 4, миниатюрных; лепестков и тычинок по 4; завязь нижняя, созревающая в ягоду. У одного рода цветки миниатюрные и зеленоватые, с 5 чашелистиками и лепестками миниатюрными или отсутствующими.

1a. Leaves alternate — 2.

1b. Leaves opposite — 3.

2a. Flowers white, conspicuous, in flattened clusters (shrubs 2-4 m. high; flowers in late spring) Dogwood, Cornus alternifolia.

2b. Flowers greenish, inconspicuous, in small axillary clusters (tree; flowers in spring) Sour Gum, Nyssa sylvatica.

3a. Flower clusters small and dense, surrounded by a showy involucre of 4 bracts, resembling a corolla of 4 petals — 4.

3b. Flowers in open flattened clusters, without petal-like involucre (shrubs 1-4 m. high; late spring) — 5.

4a. Herbaceous, 3 dm. high or less (flowers in late spring) Dwarf Dogwood, Cornus canadensis.

4b. Tall shrub or tree (flowers in late spring) Flowering Dogwood, Cornus florida.

5a. Leaves distinctly pubescent beneath with woolly or spreading hairs — 6.

5b. Leaves smooth beneath, or pubescent with short appressed hairs — 9.

6a. Leaves rough above; fruit white Dogwood, Cornus asperifolia.

6b. Leaves smooth or finely soft-hairy above — 7.

7a. Leaves at least twice as long as wide; branches brownish or purplish — 8.

7b. Leaves less than twice as long as wide; branches greenish; fruit blue Dogwood, Cornus circinata.

8a. Branches purplish; fruit blue Dogwood, Cornus amomum.

8b. Branches brownish; fruit white Dogwood, Cornus baileyi.

9a. Branches bright red or reddish-purple Dogwood, Cornus stolonifera.

9b. Branches grayish Dogwood, Cornus paniculata.

ERICACEAE, вересковые семейство

Травянистые растения или кустарники, часто с вечнозелеными листьями; чашелистиков 4–5; венчик правильный, с 4–5 лепестками; тычинок столько же или вдвое больше; завязь 3–10-гнездная, с 1 столбиком.

1a. Plants without green color; leafless or with scale leaves only — 2.

1b. Plants with green leaves — 4.

2a. Flowers solitary (1-2 dm. high; summer) Indian Pipe, Monotropa uniflora.

2b. Flowers in clusters — 3.

3a. Petals united into a bell-shape corolla (3-9 dm. high; summer) Pine Drops, Pterospora andromedea.

3b. Petals all separate (1-3 dm. high; summer) Beech Drops, Monotropa hypopitys.

4a. Leaves all basal; herbaceous plants with terminal racemes (1-4 dm. high; summer) (Shin-leaf) — 5.

4b. Stem-leaves present — 12.

5a. Style straight — 6.

5b. Style bent near the apex — 8.

6a. Racemes one-sided, the flowers all turned in one direction (flowers white or greenish-white) — 7.

6b. Raceme regular, the flowers not all pointing in the same direction (flowers white or pink) Shin-leaf, Pyrola minor.

7a. Flowers numerous in each raceme Shin-leaf, Pyrola secunda.

7b. Flowers only 3-7 in each raceme Shin-leaf, Pyrola seconda var. obtusata.

8a. Flowers pink or purple — 9.

8b. Flowers white or greenish — 10.

9a. Leaves cordate at base Shin-leaf, Pyrola asarifolia.

9b. Leaves rounded at base, not cordate Shin-leaf, Pyrola asarifolia var. incarnata.

10a. Leaves shining on the upper side; sepals one-third as long as the petals Shin-leaf, Pyrola americana.

10b. Leaves dull on the upper side; sepals one-fourth as long as the petals, or a little shorter — 11.

11a. Leaf-blades mostly shorter than their petioles, thick and firm Shin-leaf, Pyrola chlorantha.

11b. Leaf-blades thin, usually longer than their petioles Shin-leaf, Pyrola elliptica.

12a. Petals nearly or quite separate from each other — 13.

12b. Petals united into a gamopetalous corolla, the tube of which is as long as or longer than the lobes — 18.

13a. Leaves opposite or whorled; stems herbaceous or nearly so (summer) — 14.

13b. Leaves alternate; stems shrubby (early summer) — 16.

14a. Flowers solitary; leaves broadly ovate to nearly circular (1 dm. high; flower white) One-flowered Wintergreen, Moneses uniflora.

14b. Flowers in clusters; leaves narrow (stems trailing, 1-3 dm. high; flowers white or pinkish) — 15.

15a. Leaves broadest above the middle, green Prince's Pine, Chimaphila umbellata.

15b. Leaves broadest below the middle, spotted with white Spotted Wintergreen, Chimaphila maculata.

16a. Leaves 2-5 cm. long, densely woolly beneath (5-10 dm. high; flowers white) Labrador Tea, Ledum groenlandicum.

16b. Leaves 1-2 cm. long, pale beneath but not wholly (creeping; flowers pink) (Cranberry) — 17.

17a. Leaves acute Cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos.

17b. Leaves obtuse Cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon.

18a. Leaves opposite or whorled; corolla saucer-shape (shrubs 3-8 dm. high; flowers purple, summer) — 19.

18b. Leaves alternate; corolla bell-shape or salver-form — 20.

19a. Branches and twigs cylindrical, not angled Sheep Laurel, Kalmia angustifolia.

19b. Branches and twigs with 2 sharp angles Swamp Laurel, Kalmia polifolia.

20a. Plants prostrate, or with a few ascending branches only (flowers white or pink) — 21.

20b. Plants erect or ascending — 23.

21a. Flowers 10-20 mm. long, very fragrant (early spring) Trailing Arbutus, Epigaea repens.

21b. Flowers 4-5 mm. long (late spring) — 22.

22a. Leaves spatulate, broadest beyond the middle Bearberry, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi.

22b. Leaves oval, broadest at the middle Snowberry, Chiogenes hispidula.

23a. Leaves linear, white beneath, their margins strongly revolute (shrub 3-8 dm. high; flowers white, late spring) Bog Rosemary, Andromeda glaucophylla.

23b. Leaves oblong, scurfy beneath with rusty scales (bog shrub 4-10 dm. high; flowers white, in spring) Leatherleaf, Chamaedaphne calyculata.

23c. Leaves smooth, pubescent, or resinous beneath, but not scurfy nor white — 24.

24a. Low shrubs 10-15 cm. high, erect from a creeping rootstock; leaves with the taste of wintergreen (flowers white or pink, summer) Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens.

24b. Bushy shrubs 3-8 dm. high; leaves dotted beneath with yellowish resinous dots; ovary 10-celled (flowers greenish-pink, spring) Huckleberry, Gaylussacia baccata.

24c. Shrubs 1 dm. to 3 m. high; leaves not resinous-dotted beneath; ovary 5-celled (flowers white or greenish-pink, spring or early summer) — 25.

25a. Corolla bell-shape, the stamens projecting beyond it (5-15 dm. high) Deerberry, Vaccinium stamineum.

25b. Corolla cylindrical or urn-shape, the stamens not projecting — 26.

26a. Filaments hairy (Blueberry) — 27.

26b. Filaments glabrous (Bilberry) — 32.

27a. Low bushy shrubs, usually less than 5 dm. and never more than 1 m. high — 28.

27b. Tall erect shrubs, 1-4 m. high — 31.

28a. Foliage pubescent Blueberry, Vaccinium canadense.

28b. Foliage glabrous — 29.

29a. Leaves pale-green and glaucous, entire or nearly so Blueberry, Vaccinium vacillans.

29b. Leaves bright-green, distinctly serrulate — 30.

30a. Fruit blue Blueberry, Vaccinium pennsylvanicum.

30b. Fruit black Blueberry, Vaccinium pennsylvanicum var. nigrum.

31a. Leaves downy beneath; fruit black Blueberry, Vaccinium atrococcum.

31b. Leaves smooth or minutely pubescent beneath; fruit blue Blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum.

32a. Full-grown leaves less than 2.5 cm. long; low much-branched shrubs, mostly less than 5 dm. high — 33.

32b. Full-grown leaves more than 2.5 cm. long; shrubs usually a meter high or more — 34.

33a. Leaves entire; petals usually 4. Bilberry, Vaccinium uliginosum.

33b. Leaves finely serrulate; petals 5 Bilberry, Vaccinium caespitosum.

34a. Leaves serrulate, green beneath, acute; corolla globular Bilberry, Vaccinium membranaceum.

34b. Leaves entire, pale beneath, obtuse; corolla ovoid Bilberry, Vaccinium ovalifolium.

PRIMULACEAE, первоцветные семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными или супротивными простыми листьями и правильными цветками; лепестки более или менее сросшиеся; тычинки прикреплены по одной перед каждым лепестком; завязь 1-гнездная с 1 столбиком.

1a. Leaves all basal; flowers on leafless stalks — 2.

1b. Stem-leaves present — 5.

2a. Flowers nodding, the petals reflexed (3-6 dm. high; flowers showy, white or pink, in spring) Shooting Star, Dodecatheon meadia.

2b. Flowers erect or spreading; petals not reflexed — 3.

3a. Corolla not longer than the calyx; flowers small and inconspicuous (1 dm. high; flowers white or pink, spring) Androsace, Androsace occidentalis.

3b. Corolla conspicuous, much longer than the calyx (flowers pink or purple, summer) (Primrose) — 4.

4a. Leaves white-mealy beneath (1-4 dm. high) Primrose, Primula farinosa.

4b. Leaves green beneath (2 dm. high or less) Primrose, Primula mistassinica.

5a. All the stem-leaves in one whorl just below the flower-cluster — 6.

5b. Stem-leaves several or many, scattered over the stem — 7.

6a. Stem-leaves about 1 cm. long — 3a.

6b. Stem-leaves 5-10 cm. long Star Flower, Trientalis americana.

7a. Flowers red, blue, or white (summer) — 8.

7b. Flowers yellow (summer) — 9.

8a. Leaves opposite; flowers axillary (stems spreading, 1-4 dm. long; flowers blue or red) Pimpernel, Anagallis arvensis.

8b. Leaves alternate; flowers racemose (1-4 dm. high; flowers minute, white) Water Pimpernel, Samolus floribundus.

9a. Stem creeping Moneywort, Lysimachia nummularia.

9b. Stem erect (Loosestrife) — 10.

10a. Flowers in dense spike-like racemes (3-8 dm. high) Loosestrife, Lysimachia thyrsiflora.

10b. Flowers axillary or racemose (3-9 dm. high) — 11.

11a. Corolla dotted or streaked with purple or brown; leaves punctate with dark spots — 12.

11b. Corolla plain yellow; leaves not dark-dotted — 14.

12a. Flowers in racemes — 13.

12b. Flowers all axillary Loosestrife, Lysimachia quadrifolia.

13a. Flowers all in racemes; leaves opposite or some of them alternate Loosestrife, Lysimachia terrestris.

13b. The lowest flowers axillary; leaves opposite or whorled Loosestrife, Lysimachia producta.

14a. Leaves ovate, on slender ciliate petioles Loosestrife, Steironema ciliatum.

14b. Leaves lanceolate, sessile or short-petioled, pinnately veined Loosestrife, Steironema lanceolatum.

14c. Leaves linear, with one mid-vein Loosestrife, Steironema quadriflorum.

OLEACEAE, масличные семейство

Деревья или кустарники с супротивными листьями и правильными цветками; чашелистиков 4 или чашечка отсутствует; лепестков 4, сросшихся, или нет; тычинок обычно 2; завязь 2-гнездная, верхняя.

1a. Leaves simple (shrub 2-5 m. high; flowers blue or white, in showy clusters in spring) Lilac, Syringa vulgaris.

1b. Leaves compound (trees; flowers greenish, inconspicuous, in spring) (Ash) — 2.

2a. Lateral leaflets sessile Black Ash, Fraxinus nigra.

2b. Lateral leaflets stalked — 3.

3a. Twigs sharply 4-angled Blue Ash, Fraxinus quadrangulata.

3b. Twigs not distinctly angled — 4.

4a. Leaves pubescent beneath Red Ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica.

4b. Leaves glabrous beneath — 5.

5a. Leaves pale-green beneath, obscurely serrulate White Ash, Fraxinus americana.

5b. Leaves bright-green beneath, sharply serrulate Green Ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. lanceolata.

GENTIANACEAE, горечавковые семейство

Травянистые растения с супротивными или прикорневыми, цельными, обычно простыми листьями и правильными цветками; чашелистики, лепестки и тычинки равны по числу, 4–12; завязь верхняя, 1-гнездная.

1a. Leaves reduced to small scales (1-4 dm. high; flowers small, greenish-yellow, in summer) Bartonia, Bartonia virginica.

1b. Leaves rounded, floating (flowers white, summer) Floating Heart, Nymphoides lacunosum.

1c. Leaves compound (2-4 dm. high; flowers white or bluish, early summer) Buckbean, Menyanthes trifoliata.

1d. Leaves simple, whorled (1-2 m. high; flowers yellowish-white, summer) American Columbo, Frasera caroliniensis.

1e. Leaves simple, opposite — 2.

2a. Corolla rotate, with spreading lobes, 2-4 cm. broad, pink (5-8 dm. high; summer) Rose Pink, Sabbatia angularis.

2b. Corolla bell-shape, each petal with a spur at the base, purplish or white, and not over 1 cm. long (1-4 dm. high; summer) Spurred Gentian, Halenia deflexa.

2c. Corolla bell-shape, tubular, funnel-form, or salver-form, not spurred — 3.

3a. Corolla-lobes fringed (flowers bright-blue) (Fringed Gentian) — 4.

3b. Corolla-lobes entire — 5.

4a. Leaves lanceolate (2-8 dm. high; autumn) Fringed Gentian, Gentiana crinita.

4b. Leaves linear (1-4 dm. high; late summer) Fringed Gentian, Gentiana procera.

5a. Corolla 2 cm. long or a little less — 6.

5b. Corolla 2.5-5 cm. long (late summer and autumn) (Gentian) — 7.

6a. Upper leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate (2-4 dm. high; flowers pink-purple, late summer) Centaury, Centaurium umbellatum.

6b. Upper leaves ovate, with several principal veins (1-5 dm. high; flowers blue, late summer and autumn) Gentian, Gentiana quinquefolia.

7a. Calyx-lobes rough or ciliate at the margin (flowers blue, or rarely white) — 8.

7b. Calyx-lobes smooth (2-8 dm. high) — 10.

8a. Corolla-lobes spreading; leaves narrowly lanceolate, indistinctly veined (2-5 dm. high) Gentian, Gentiana puberula.

8b. Corolla-lobes erect or incurved; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, with 3-7 principal veins (3-6 dm. high) — 9.

9a. Calyx-lobes equaling or exceeding the calyx-tube Gentian, Gentiana saponaria.

9b. Calyx-lobes shorter than the calyx-tube Gentian, Gentiana andrewsii.

10a. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, somewhat cordate at base (flowers greenish-white or yellowish-white) Gentian, Gentiana flavida.

10b. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or nearly linear, not cordate (flowers blue) Gentian, Gentiana linearis.

APOCYNACEAE, кутровые семейство

Травянистые растения с супротивными простыми цельными листьями и правильными цветками; чашелистиков, лепестков и тычинок по 5; лепестки сросшиеся; тычинки прикреплены к венчику; завязей 2, с единственным столбиком или рыльцем.

1a. Plant creeping or trailing; flowers blue, axillary, 2-3 cm. broad (spring) Periwinkle, Vinca minor.

1b. Plant erect or essentially so; flowers 1 cm. broad or less (4-12 dm. high) — 2.

2a. Corolla pinkish, about 8 mm. long by 6-8 mm. broad (early summer) Dogbane, Apocynum androsaemifolium.

2b. Corolla white or greenish, about 6 mm. long by 4 mm. broad (summer) — 3.

3a. Leaves petioled, acute at the base Indian Hemp, Apocynum cannabinum.

3b. Leaves sessile, rounded or truncate at the base Indian Hemp, Apocynum cannabinum var. hypericifolium.

ASCLEPIADACEAE, ваточниковые семейство

Травянистые растения с простыми цельными листьями и правильными цветками; сок обычно млечный; за исключением первого вида, представляющего собой вьющуюся лиану. Цветки имеют необычное строение: чашечка из 5 чашелистиков; лепестки 5, сросшиеся друг с другом и распростертые или отогнутые так, что они скрывают чашечку; тычинки 5, сросшиеся друг с другом и с рыльцем с образованием сложного органа в центре цветка; завязей 2; на спинке каждой тычинки имеется цветной выступающий капюшон, который часто является наиболее заметной частью цветка и может быть принят за венчик.

1a. Twining vine, with dark purple flowers (summer) Black Swallow-wort, Cynanchum nigrum.

1b. Stems not twining — 2.

2a. Leaves whorled (3-6 dm. high; summer) (Milkweed) — 3.

2b. Leaves opposite or alternate — 4.

3a. Leaves in whorls of 4, lanceolate (flowers pink) Milkweed, Asclepias quadrifolia.

3b. Leaves in whorls of 4-7, linear (flowers greenish-white) Milkweed, Asclepias verticillata.

4a. Umbel sessile (4-8 dm. high; flowers green, summer) Green Milkweed, Acerates viridiflora.

4b. Umbel peduncled — 5.

5a. Leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate (4-8 dm. high; flowers greenish-white, summer) Green Milkweed, Acerates floridana.

5b. Leaves lanceolate or broader (flowers in summer) — 6.

6a. Leaves pubescent beneath — 7.

6b. Leaves glabrous or nearly so — 10.

7a. Flowers brilliant orange (3-6 dm. high) Butterfly Weed, Asclepias tuberosa.

7b. Flowers red or purple — 8.

8a. Reflexed lobes of corolla merely purple-tinged (1-2 m. high) Milkweed, Asclepias syriaca.

8b. Reflexed lobes of corolla bright-red or purple — 9.

9a. The erect hoods of each flower about 5 mm. long (7-12 dm. high) Milkweed, Asclepias purpurascens.

9b. The erect hoods of each flower about 3 mm. long (6-10 dm. high) Swamp Milkweed, Asclepias incarnata var. pulchra.

10a. Leaves broadly rounded and almost sessile at base (flowers purplish) — 11.

10b. Leaves narrowed at the base, distinctly petioled (8-15 dm. high) — 12.

11a. Umbel solitary, terminal and erect on a long peduncle (4-8 dm. high) Milkweed, Asclepias amplexicaulis.

11b. Umbels terminal or lateral, bent toward one side (7-12 dm. high) Milkweed, Asclepias sullivantii.

12a. Corolla (not hoods) red (1-2 m. high) Swamp Milkweed, Asclepias incarnata.

12b. Corolla (not hoods) greenish (8-15 dm. high) Milkweed, Asclepias exaltata.

CONVOLVULACEAE, вьюнковые семейство

Вьющиеся или стелющиеся травянистые растения (за исключением одного вида) с правильными цветками; чашелистиков 5; венчик 5-угольный или 5-лопастный; тычинок 5, прикрепленных к венчику; завязь верхняя, 2–3-гнездная.

1a. Plants with green foliage and conspicuous flowers (summer) — 2.

1b. Leafless brown or yellow plants, with very small flowers (Dodder) — 7.

2a. Style divided at the top into linear or oblong stigmas (flowers white or pink) (Bindweed) — 3.

2b. Style not divided at the top; stigmas sessile, capitate (Morning Glory) — 6.

3a. Stem erect; leaves rounded or somewhat cordate at base, not hastate or sagittate (1-3 dm. high) Bindweed, Convolvulus spithamaeus.

3b. Stem trailing or twining; leaves sagittate or hastate — 4.

4a. Calyx almost concealed by two large heart-shape bracts — 5.

4b. Bracts at base of calyx none Bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis.

5a. Leaves triangular-hastate, with sharp basal lobes Bindweed, Convolvulus sepium.

5b. Leaves oblong-ovate, the basal lobes obtuse Bindweed, Convolvulus sepium var. pubescens.

6a. Stem smooth or nearly so; ovary 2-celled (flowers white) Wild Potato Vine, Ipomoea pandurata.

6b. Stem with reflexed hairs; ovary 3-celled (flowers of various colors) Morning Glory, Ipomoea purpurea.

7a. Introduced weed, growing as a parasite on clover Dodder, Cuscuta epithymum.

7b. Native species, on various shrubs and herbs — 8.

8a. Flowers sessile — 9.

8b. Flowers distinctly pedicelled — 12.

9a. Sepals united below into a gamosepalous calyx — 10.

9b. Sepals separate from each other — 11.

10a. Calyx-lobes obtuse Dodder, Cuscuta arvensis.

10b. Calyx-lobes acute Dodder, Cuscuta obtusiflora.

11a. Flowers in dense rope-like twists on various species of herbs Dodder, Cuscuta paradoxa.

11b. Flowers in dense clusters on various species of shrubs Dodder, Cuscuta compacta.

12a. Tips of the petals inflexed Dodder, Cuscuta coryli.

12b. Tips of the petals erect or spreading — 13.

13a. Capsule depressed at the summit Dodder, Cuscuta cephalanthi.

13b. Capsule pointed at the summit Dodder, Cuscuta gronovii.

POLEMONIACEAE, синюховые семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными или супротивными листьями и броскими правильными цветками; чашелистиков 5, сросшихся; лепестков 5, сросшихся и несущих 5 тычинок в трубке венчика; завязь верхняя, 3-гнездная.

1a. Leaves pinnately compound and alternate (2-4 dm. high; flowers blue, in spring) Greek Valerian, Polemonium reptans.

1b. Leaves fascicled, narrowly linear (about 1 dm. high; flowers pink-purple, in spring) Moss Pink, Phlox subulata.

1c. Leaves simple, strictly opposite — 2.

2a. Corolla-lobes deeply 2-cleft to the middle (1-2 dm. high; flowers pink, in spring) Cleft Phlox, Phlox bifida.

2b. Corolla-lobes entire and rounded, or somewhat notched at the apex — 3.

3a. Flowers in summer (8-15 dm. high; flowers purple) Garden Phlox, Phlox paniculata.

3b. Flowers in spring (3-6 dm. high) — 4.

4a. Corolla blue-purple; stems ascending Sweet William, Phlox divaricata.

4b. Corolla pink or red-purple; stems erect Sweet William, Phlox pilosa.

HYDROPHYLLACEAE, водолистниковые семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными лопастными или рассеченными листьями и правильными цветками; чашелистиков 5; лепестков 5, сросшихся; тычинок 5, прикрепленных к трубке венчика и выступающих за ее пределы; завязь 1-гнездная.

1a. Leaves palmately veined and lobed (4-8 dm. high; flowers purple, early summer) Water-leaf, Hydrophyllum canadense.

1b. Leaves pinnately veined and lobed (2-6 dm. high; flowers blue or purple, varying to white) — 2.

2a. Corolla-lobes much shorter than the corolla-tube (summer) Phacelia, Phacelia franklinii.

2b. Corolla-lobes much longer than the corolla-tube (late spring and summer) (Water-leaf) — 3.

3a. Calyx with a small reflexed appendage between each pair of sepals Water-leaf, Hydrophyllum appendiculatum.

3b. Calyx without appendages Water-leaf, Hydrophyllum virginicum.

БУРАЧНИКОВЫЕ (BORAGINACEAE)

Травянистые растения с очередными цельными листьями; чашелистиков 5; лепестков 5, сросшихся, венчик как правило правильный; тычинок 5, прикрепленных к трубке венчика; завязь глубоко 4-лопастная с единственным столбиком.

1a. Corolla reddish-purple, about 8 mm. wide (4-10 dm. high; spring) Hound's Tongue, Cynoglossum officinale.

1b. Corolla blue with a yellow center, 4-8 mm. wide (1-5 dm. high; spring and early summer) (Forget-me-not) — 13.

1c. Corolla deep orange, salver-form (2-6 dm. high; spring) (Puccoon) — 15.

1d. Corolla white or blue, or lightly tinged with yellow or red — 2.

2a. Corolla rotate, with a very short tube, bright-blue, about 20 mm. broad (3-8 dm. high; summer) Borage, Borago officinalis.

2b. Corolla tubular, funnel-form, or salver-form — 3.

3a. Corolla 10 mm. long or more; its tube distinctly longer than the calyx — 4.

3b. Corolla less than 10 mm. long; its tube equaling or shorter than the calyx — 8.

4a. Flowers yellowish-white, or somewhat tinged with pink or greenish — 5.

4b. Flowers blue or purple — 6.

5a. Corolla-lobes erect; leaves sessile (3-8 dm. high; early summer) False Gromwell; Onosmodium occidentale.

5b. Corolla-lobes spreading; leaves decurrent (6-10 dm. high; summer) Comfrey, Symphytum officinale.

6a. Stem and leaves glabrous (3-6 dm. high; spring) Bluebell, Mertensia virginica.

6b. Stem and leaves pubescent (4-8 dm. high) — 7.

7a. Corolla regular; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate (summer) Bluebell, Mertensia paniculata.

7b. Corolla irregular; leaves linear-oblong (summer) Blueweed, Echium vulgare.

8a. Ovary and fruit covered with hooked prickles — 9.

8b. Ovary and fruit not prickly — 12.

9a. Principal leaves 2.5 cm. wide or more — 10.

9b. Principal leaves 2 cm. wide or less (3-8 dm. high; flowers blue or white, summer) (Stickseed) — 11.

10a. Leaves chiefly basal, the racemes on long leafless peduncles (4-8 dm. high; flowers pale blue, early summer) Wild Comfrey, Cynoglossum boreale.

10b. Stems leafy (8-12 dm. high; flowers white, summer) Beggar Lice, Lappula virginiana.

11a. A bract at the base of each flower Stickseed, Lappula echinata.

11b. Racemes without bracts at the base of each flower Stickseed, Lappula deflexa var. americana.

12a. Racemes bractless, or bracted only at the base (1-4 dm. high) — 14.

12b. Raceme with a bract at the base of each flower (flowers white or yellowish) — 17.

13a. Corolla 4 mm. wide Forget-me-not, Myosotis laxa.

13b. Corolla 6-8 mm. wide Forget-me-not, Myosotis scorpioides.

14a. Calyx-lobes all of equal length (summer) Scorpion Grass, Myosotis arvensis.

14b. Calyx-lobes distinctly unequal in length (spring) Scorpion Grass, Myosotis virginica.

15a. Corolla-lobes denticulate Puccoon, Lithospermum angustifolium.

15b. Corolla-lobes entire — 16.

16a. Flowers sessile; stem softly pubescent Puccoon, Lithospermum canescens.

16b. Flowers on pedicels 2-5 mm. long; stem hispid or bristly Puccoon, Lithospermum gmelini.

17a. Corolla white; fruit brown and wrinkled (weed 2-4 dm. high; spring and summer) Corn Gromwell, Lithospermum arvense.

17b. Corolla yellowish-white; fruit white and smooth (5-10 dm. high) — 18.

18a. Corolla distinctly surpassing the calyx in length (spring and summer) Corn Gromwell, Lithospermum officinale.

18b. Corolla equaling or shorter than the calyx (spring) Wild Gromwell, Lithospermum latifolium.

ЯСНОТКОВЫЕ (LABIATAE), семейство Мятликовые

Травянистые растения с супротивными листьями, четырехгранными стеблями и обычно ароматным запахом; цветки неправильные, со сросшимися лепестками, или почти правильные; тычинок 2 или 4, прикрепленных к трубке венчика; завязь глубоко 4-лопастная, с единственным столбиком.

1a. Stamens 2 — 2.

1b. Stamens 4 — 15.

2a. Corolla regular or nearly so; flowers white, in dense axillary clusters; plants usually of wet grounds (2-8 dm. high; summer and autumn) — 3.

2b. Corolla distinctly irregular and more or less 2-lipped — 7.

3a. Calyx-teeth short, triangular, acute or obtuse (Bugle Weed) — 4.

3b. Calyx-teeth narrow, acuminate or cuspidate (Water Hoarhound) — 5.

4a. Stems and stolons bearing tubers Bugle Weed, Lycopus uniflorus.

4b. Stems and stolons not bearing tubers Bugle Weed, Lycopus virginicus.

5a. Leaves serrate; calyx-teeth sharp-pointed — 6.

5b. Leaves coarsely incised; calyx-teeth awn-tipped Water Hoarhound, Lycopus americanus.

6a. Corolla twice as long as the calyx; leaves narrowed at the base Water Hoarhound, Lycopus rubellus.

6b. Corolla barely longer than the calyx; leaves sessile or nearly so Water Hoarhound, Lycopus lucidus var. americanus.

7a. Corolla blue, 3-4 mm. long; flowers in loose axillary clusters (1-4 dm. high; summer) (Pennyroyal) — 8.

7b. Corolla 8-40 mm. long — 9.

8a. Leaves serrate Pennyroyal, Hedeoma pulegioides.

8b. Leaves linear, entire Pennyroyal, Hedeoma hispida.

9a. Lower lobe of the corolla fringed, very much longer than the upper (5-15 dm. high; corolla pale-yellow; late summer) Horse Balm, Collinsonia canadensis.

9b. Lower lobe of the corolla nearly or quite as long as the upper and not fringed — 10.

10a. Calyx narrowly tubular; its teeth about equal in size (5-10 dm. high; flowers in dense terminal heads, in summer) — 11.

10b. Calyx campanulate, 2 of its teeth different in size from the other 3 (4-8 dm. high; flowers pink-purple, in terminal clusters in summer) — 14.

11a. Corolla scarlet Oswego Tea, Monarda didyma.

11b. Corolla bright crimson or rose-red Wild Bergamot, Monarda fistulosa var. rubra.

11c. Corolla white, pink, pale-purple, or yellowish — 12.

12a. Flower-clusters all terminal — 13.

12b. Flower-clusters both terminal and axillary Horse Mint, Monarda punctata.

13a. Leaves and stem with soft spreading pubescence Wild Bergamot, Monarda fistulosa.

13b. Leaves and stem grayish with fine appressed pubescence Wild Bergamot, Monarda mollis.

14a. Upper calyx-teeth about 3 times as long as the lower Blephilia, Blephilia hirsuta.

14b. Upper calyx-teeth but little longer than the lower Blephilia, Blephilia ciliata.

15a. Calyx with a distinct protuberance on the back of the upper side (Skullcap) — 16.

15b. Calyx without a distinct protuberance — 20.

16a. Corolla 5-8 mm. long; flowers in axillary racemes (3-8 dm. high; flowers blue, in summer) Mad-dog Skullcap, Scutellaria lateriflora.

16b. Corolla 6-10 mm. long; flowers axillary, solitary (1-3 dm. high; flowers violet, early summer) Skullcap, Scutellaria parvula.

16c. Corolla 12-30 mm. long; flowers axillary or in terminal racemes (4-8 dm. high; flowers blue, summer) — 17.

17a. Stem-leaves cordate Skullcap, Scutellaria versicolor.

17b. Stem-leaves not distinctly cordate — 18.

18a. Stem-leaves sessile or nearly so; plant of swamps and river-banks Skullcap, Scutellaria galericulata.

18b. Stem-leaves with petioles 1 cm. or more long; plants of dry or moist woods — 19.

19a. Stem glandular-pubescent toward the summit; corolla 16 mm. long or less Skullcap, Scutellaria pilosa.

19b. Stem not glandular; corolla 20 mm. long Skullcap, Scutellaria incana.

20a. Calyx-teeth 5, all equal or nearly so at the time of flowering — 28.

20b. Calyx-teeth 5, one of them different in size and shape from the other four (2-6 dm. high; flowers light blue, summer) Dragon Head, Dracocephalum parviflorum.

20c. Calyx-teeth 5, two of them different in size and shape from the other three — 21.

20d. Calyx-teeth 10, subulate (woolly plant 4-10 dm. high, with whitish flowers in axillary clusters in summer) Hoarhound, Marrubium vulgare.

21a. Corolla deeply split on the upper side and the stamens protruding; upper lip of the calyx much shorter than the lower (5-10 dm. high; flowers pink-purple, in terminal spikes, summer) (Wood Sage) — 22.

21b. Corolla not deeply split on the upper side — 23.

22a. Calyx canescent Wood Sage, Teucrium canadense.

22b. Calyx villous Wood Sage, Teucrium occidentale.

23a. Flowers in dense terminal head-like spikes, none axillary (1-5 dm. high; flowers pink-purple or blue, in summer) Self-heal, Prunella vulgaris.

23b. Some or all of the flowers in axillary clusters — 24.

24a. Leaves linear, entire (1-4 dm. high; flowers purple, summer) — 25.

24b. Leaves oblong to ovate (summer) — 26.

25a. Pedicels shorter than the calyx Summer Savory, Satureja hortensis.

25b. Pedicels much longer than the calyx Calamint, Satureja glabra.

26a. Leaves 1 cm. long or less, entire (stems growing in mats, 1-3 dm. long; flowers purple, in summer) Wild Thyme, Thymus serpyllum.

26b. Leaves dentate (flowers purple, summer) — 27.

27a. Flowers subtended by bracts as long as the calyx (2-5 dm. high) Basil, Satureja vulgaris.

27b. Flowers with minute bracts or none (1-3 dm. high) Basil-thyme, Satureja acinos.

28a. Corolla 2-lipped or nearly regular, the upper lip flattened, not conspicuously arched over the stamens — 29.

28b. Corolla conspicuously 2-lipped, the stamens ascending under the concave upper lip — 42.

29a. Flowers in dense terminal spikes; corolla 2-lipped (8-15 dm. high; summer) — 30.

29b. Flowers peduncled, 1-4 in the axils of linear leaves — 25b.

29c. Flowers in many-flowered whorls, which are axillary or terminal, or aggregated into terminal spikes or racemes — 31.

30a. Corolla yellowish Giant Hyssop, Agastache nepetoides.