«Растения Мичигана: Простые определители местных семенных растений штата»

23b. Pod indehiscent, with spongy cross-partitions between the seeds, tipped with a conical beak Wild Radish, Raphanus raphanistrum.

24a. Terminal segment of the principal leaves much larger than the lateral segments; flowers in spring and summer — 25.

24b. Terminal segment of the principal leaves equaling or smaller than the lateral ones (5-10 dm. high; pods very long and slender; flowers in summer) Sisymbrium, Sisymbrium altissimum.

25a. Flowers about 3 mm. wide; pods erect and closely appressed to the stem (3-9 dm. high; weed blooming in summer) (Hedge Mustard) — 26.

25b. Flowers about 7 mm. wide; pods spreading or ascending (3-6 dm. high; flowers in spring) (Winter Cress) — 27.

26a. Pods pubescent Hedge Mustard, Sisymbrium officinale.

26b. Pods glabrous Hedge Mustard, Sisymbrium officinale var. leiocarpum.

27a. Lateral leaf-segments 5-8 pairs on the principal leaves Winter Cress, Barbarea verna.

27b. Lateral leaf-segments 1-4 pairs on the principal leaves — 28.

28a. Flowers bright yellow, in racemes; pods spreading or ascending Winter Cress, Barbarea vulgaris.

28b. Flowers pale yellow, in corymb-like clusters; pods erect and somewhat appressed Winter Cress, Barbarea stricta.

29a. Principal stem-leaves compound or deeply lobed (the uppermost or bracteal leaves may be simple) — 30.

29b. Principal stem-leaves entire, dentate, serrate, or sometimes shallowly lobed or none (the basal leaves, at the surface of the ground, may be deeply lobed or compound) — 42.

30a. Leaves ternately divided or compound (2-5 dm. high; flowers in spring) (Toothwort) — 31.

30b. Leaves pinnately divided or compound — 33.

31a. Leaf-segments lanceolate or narrowly oblong Toothwort, Dentaria laciniata.

31b. Leaf-segments ovate or ovate-oblong — 32.

32a. Stem-leaves 2, opposite or nearly opposite Toothwort, Dentaria diphylla.

32b. Stem-leaves 2-5, alternate Toothwort, Dentaria maxima.

33a. Plants growing in water, or in mud near water (spring and summer) — 34.

33b. Plants of dry or moist soil — 35.

34a. Aerial leaves distinctly compound, with 3-11 leaflets Water Cress, Radicula nasturtium-aquaticum.

34b. Aerial leaves merely serrate to pinnatifid; the submerged leaves, if present, dissected Lake Cress, Radicula aquatica.

35a. Flowers 5 mm. broad, or less — 36.

35b. Flowers 6 mm. broad, or more — 39.

36a. Stem-leaves irregularly pinnatifid or lobed; pod about as broad as long (2-4 dm. high; flowers in summer) Garden Cress, Lepidium sativum.

36b. Stem-leaves distinctly pinnatifid, with 3-6 pairs of lateral segments (spring) (Bitter Cress) — 37.

37a. Leaves chiefly basal, pubescent on the upper side (1-3 dm. tall) Bitter Cress, Cardamine hirsuta.

37b. Stem-leaves conspicuous, glabrous on the upper side — 38.

38a. Plant of dry soil; flowers about 3 mm. wide (1-4 dm. high) Bitter Cress, Cardamine parviflora.

38b. Plant of moist or wet soil; flowers about 5 mm. wide (2-8 dm. high) Bitter Cress, Cardamine pennsylvanica.

39a. Leaves irregularly pinnatifid or lobed, not segmented into definitely paired divisions (coarse plants 4-8 dm. high; flowers in summer) — 40.

39b. Leaves deeply segmented into 3-10 pairs of divisions — 41.

40a. Flowers pink or white from the first Radish, Raphanus sativus.

40b. Flowers yellow at first, turning white with age Wild Radish, Raphanus raphanistrum.

41a. Flowers pink or white, appearing in spring (2-5 dm. high) Cuckoo Flower, Cardamine pratensis.

41b. Flowers yellowish or cream-color; a weed blooming in summer (5-10 dm. high) Sisymbrium, Sisymbrium altissimum.

42a. A fleshy, much-branched plant of the shores of the Great Lakes, with a pod transversely divided into two joints (2-3 dm. high; summer) Sea Rocket, Cakile edentula.

42b. Pod not transversely divided into two joints — 43.

43a. Pod short, its length not more than 3 times its diameter — 44.

43b. Pod long and slender, its length more than 3 times its diameter — 55.

44a. Pods not conspicuously flattened, thick and plump, about circular in cross-section (flowers in summer) — 45.

44b. Pods distinctly flat — 46.

45a. A plant escaped from cultivation in dry or moist soil, with very large basal leaves (5-10 dm. high) Horse Radish, Radicula armoracia.

45b. A plant of water or very wet soil, the largest leaves seldom more than 15 cm. long (1-5 dm. tall) Lake Cress, Radicula aquatica.

46a. Stem-leaves clasping the stem by an auricled base — 47.

46b. Stem-leaves sessile or petioled, not clasping, or none — 49.

47a. Stem and leaves glabrous or pubescent; pod very flat and circular, about 10 mm. wide (1-5 dm. tall; early summer) Penny Cress, Thlaspi arvense.

47b. Stem and leaves glabrous or pubescent; pod not more than 5 mm. wide (1-6 dm. high; spring and early summer) — 48.

48a. Pods broadly ovate Field Cress, Lepidium campestre.

48b. Pods triangular, or slightly indented at the apex Shepherd's Purse, Capsella bursa-pastoris.

49a. Pods about circular, or a very little longer than broad — 50.

49b. Pods ovoid or oblong, broadest near the middle, and distinctly longer than wide (Whitlow Grass) — 53.

50a. Leaves entire (1-3 dm. high; flowers in summer) Yellow Alyssum, Alyssum alyssoides.

50b. Leaves serrate (2-6 dm. high; flowers in summer) — 51.

51a. Stamens 6 Garden Cress, Lepidium sativum.

51b. Stamens 2 (Pepper Grass) — 52.

52a. Petals present Pepper Grass, Lepidium virginicum.

52b. Petals none Pepper Grass, Lepidium apetalum.

53a. Petals deeply 2-cleft (about 1 dm. high; early spring) Whitlow Grass, Draba verna.

53b. Petals entire or barely notched at the tip — 54.

54a. Leaves all or chiefly at or near the base (about 1 dm. high; spring) Whitlow Grass, Draba caroliniana.

54b. Stems leafy up to the flowers (1-5 dm. high; summer) Whitlow Grass, Draba arabisans.

55a. Stem-leaves cordate or sagittate at the base and sessile, forming a more or less clasping leaf (3-10 dm. high) (Rock Cress) — 56.

55b. Stem-leaves sessile or somewhat petioled, but not clasping — 63.

56a. Seeds in 2 rows in each cavity of the pod (early summer) — 57.

56b. Seeds in 1 row in each cavity of the pod — 59.

57a. Calyx pubescent; the pods reflexed Rock Cress, Arabis holboellii.

57b. Calyx glabrous; the pods spreading or ascending — 58.

58a. Basal leaves densely pubescent Rock Cress, Arabis brachycarpa.

58b. Basal leaves smooth or nearly so Rock Cress, Arabis drummondii.

59a. Petals conspicuous, about twice as long as the calyx, or longer; straight, erect, mostly unbranched plants — 60.

59b. Petals inconspicuous, equaling or but little longer than the calyx — 61.

60a. Pods 3-4 cm. long, ascending (summer) Rock Cress, Arabis patens.

60b. Pods 8-10 cm. long, recurved (late spring) Rock Cress, Arabis laevigata.

61a. Pods widely spreading; stem usually sparingly branched near the base (spring) Rock Cress, Arabis dentata.

61b. Pods erect or appressed; stem usually unbranched (summer) — 62.

62a. Stem-leaves and stem smooth and glaucous Rock Cress, Arabis glabra.

62b. Stem-leaves and stem almost always pubescent, and never glaucous Rock Cress, Arabis hirsuta.

63a. Principal stem-leaves 7-10 cm. long, or more — 64.

63b. Principal stem-leaves 2-5 cm. long — 65.

64a. Leaves lanceolate or oblong; flowers 10 mm. wide or less (3-7 dm. high; summer) Rock Cress, Arabis canadensis.

64b. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate; flowers 15-20 mm. wide (5-8 dm. high; late spring and summer) Dame's Rocket, Hesperis matronalis.

65a. Basal leaves ovate to orbicular or cordate, not more than twice as long as broad (1-3 dm. high; spring) (Bitter Cress) — 66.

65b. Basal leaves oblong, lanceolate, or oblanceolate, at least 3 times as long as broad (1-3 dm. high) — 67.

66a. Flowers purple or rose color Bitter Cress, Cardamine douglassii.

66b. Flowers white Bitter Cress, Cardamine bulbosa.

67a. Basal leaves pinnatifid (spring and summer) Rock Cress, Arabis lyrata.

67b. Basal leaves entire or toothed — 68.

68a. Leaves narrowly oblanceolate; rare plant occurring from Mackinac northward (summer) Rock Cress, Braya humilis.

68b. Leaves obovate or oblong; an introduced weed (spring) Mouse-ear Cress, Sisymbrium thalianum.

CAPPARIDACEAE, каперсовые семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными сложными листьями, 4 лепестками и 6 или более тычинками, которые примерно равны по длине; плод — 1-гнездный стручок.

One species in Michigan, stamens about 11; leaflets 3 (2-4 dm. high; flowers yellowish, in summer) Clammy-weed, Polanisia graveolens.

RESEDACEAE, резедовые семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными листьями и верхушечными кистями мелких желтоватых цветков; чашелистиков 6, лепестков 6, тычинок многочисленные.

One species in Michigan, with divided leaves and irregularly cleft petals, blooming in summer Yellow Mignonette, Reseda lutea.

SARRACENIACEAE, саррацениевые семейство

Насекомоядные растения с полыми кувшинчатыми листьями и крупными пурпурными цветками на концах безлистных стеблей.

One species in Michigan, growing in bogs and blooming in late spring Pitcher Plant, Sarracenia purpurea.

DROSERACEAE, росянковые семейство

Насекомоядные травянистые растения с розеткой прикорневых листьев, несущих на верхней поверхности железисто-окончатые щетинки, и с тонкими кистями мелких белых цветков летом; обитатели сфагновых и торфяных болот (высотой 2 дм или менее).

1a. Leaf-blade about as long as wide Sundew, Drosera rotundifolia.

1b. Leaf-blade about 2-3 times as long as wide Sundew, Drosera longifolia.

1c. Leaf-blade about 5-8 times as long as wide Sundew, Drosera anglica.

1d. Leaf-blade narrowly linear, about 10 times as long as wide Sundew, Drosera linearis.

PODOSTEMACEAE, подостемовые семейство

Мелкие погруженные водные растения, растущие прикрепленными к камням в текучей воде, с рассеченными листьями и миниатюрными цветками.

One species in Michigan River Weed, Podostemum ceratophyllum.

CRASSULACEAE, толстянковые семейство

Травянистые растения с обычно очередными листьями; чашелистиков, лепестков и пестиков по 4 или 5, или у одного вида лепестки отсутствуют, а тычинок столько же или вдвое больше, чем чашелистиков.

1a. Leaves entire (Stonecrop) — 2.

1b. Leaves toothed — 3.

2a. Leaves 3-5 mm. long, very thick and fleshy (tufted plants about 1 dm. high, with yellow flowers in summer) Stonecrop, Sedum acre.

2b. Leaves 10-30 mm. long, flat (tufted plants 1-2 dm. high; flowers white, in spring) Stonecrop, Sedum ternatum.

3a. Petals present, purple (2-5 dm. high; summer) Live-for-ever, Sedum purpureum.

3b. Petals none (3-6 dm. high; summer) Ditch Stonecrop, Penthorum sedoides.

SAXIFRAGACEAE, камнеломковые семейство

Травянистые растения или кустарники с очередными или супротивными листьями; лепестков и чашелистиков по 5, или лепестки отсутствуют; тычинок 5 или 10; столбиков или рылец 2–4.

1a. Shrubs with lobed leaves (3-15 dm. high; flowers in late spring) — 2.

1b. Herbs — 12.

2a. Stems thorny — 3.

2b. Stems not thorny (Currant) — 8.

3a. Flowers and fruits in racemes Swamp Currant, Ribes lacustre.

3b. Flowers and fruit in short clusters (Gooseberry) — 4.

4a. Ovary and fruit prickly and bristly Gooseberry, Ribes cynosbati.

4b. Ovary and fruit smooth, or sometimes a little glandular — 5.

5a. Stamens equaling the ovate calyx-lobes in length, or a very little longer — 6.

5b. Stamens distinctly longer than the linear calyx-lobes — 7.

6a. Leaves glabrous beneath, or nearly so Gooseberry, Ribes oxyacanthoides.

6b. Leaves softly pubescent beneath Gooseberry, Ribes oxyacanthoides var. calcicola.

7a. Flowers, including the stamens, about 15 mm. long Gooseberry, Ribes gracile.

7b. Flowers, including the stamens, about 8 mm. long Gooseberry, Ribes rotundifolium.

8a. Calyx prolonged above the ovary into a tube which is longer than the sepals — 9.

8b. Calyx-tube shorter than the ovary or none — 10.

9a. Flowers greenish-yellow, inconspicuous; calyx-tube narrowly bell-shape Black Currant, Ribes floridum.

9b. Flowers bright yellow, conspicuous; calyx-tube narrow, with spreading lobes Golden Currant, Ribes aureum.

10a. Ovary and berry bristly with glandular hairs Skunk Currant, Ribes prostratum.

10b. Ovary and fruit smooth, or with sessile glands — 11.

11a. Leaves dotted beneath with resinous glands Black Currant, Ribes hudsonianum.

11b. Leaves glabrous or pubescent beneath, without resinous glands Red Currant, Ribes triste.

12a. Flowers minute, yellowish, without petals, in the axils of the leaves (1-2 dm. high; flowers in spring) Golden Saxifrage, Chrysosplenium americanum.

12b. Flowers large, solitary, terminating erect stalks (leaves mostly basal; flowers white, in late summer; flower-stalks 1-5 dm. high) (Grass-of-Parnassus) — 13.

12c. Flowers in terminal racemes, panicles, or clusters — 15.

13a. Flowers less than 2 cm. wide; leaves narrowed to the base Grass-of-Parnassus, Parnassia parviflora.

13b. Flowers 2-3.5 cm. wide; leaves rounded or cordate at the base — 14.

14a. A 3-cleft scale at the base of each petal Grass-of-Parnassus, Parnassia caroliniana.

14b. A many-cleft (9-15) scale at the base of each petal Grass-of-Parnassus, Parnassia palustris.

15a. Leaves linear to oblanceolate, 3 times as long as broad, or more, and pinnately veined (Saxifrage) — 16.

15b. Leaves broadly ovate to nearly circular, frequently cordate at the base, and always palmately veined or lobed — 20.

16a. Leaves basal; the flower-stalk bearing no leaves except small ones at the base of its branches — 17.

16b. Flower-stalk leafy below (1-3 dm. high; flowers yellow, summer) — 18.

17a. Petals white; sepals erect; leaves conspicuously toothed, 3-10 cm. long (1-3 dm. high; spring) Saxifrage, Saxifraga virginiensis.

17b. Petals greenish; sepals reflexed; leaves minutely toothed or entire, 10-30 cm. long (5-10 dm. high; spring) Saxifrage, Saxifraga pennsylvanica.

18a. Leaves with 3 sharp teeth at the apex Saxifrage, Saxifraga tricuspidata.

18b. Leaves with numerous teeth or entire — 19.

19a. Leaves linear, chiefly on the stem Saxifrage, Saxifraga aizoides.

19b. Leaves spatulate, chiefly in a basal rosette Saxifrage, Saxifraga aizoon.

20a. Stamens 5 (leaves mostly basal; flowers greenish or purplish in late spring, on stalks 5-10 dm. high) (Alum Root) — 21.

20b. Stamens 10 (flowers white, in spring) — 23.

21a. Flowers regular Alum Root, Heuchera americana.

21b. Flowers irregular, the calyx oblique, longer on the upper side than on the lower — 22.

22a. Stamens projecting beyond the calyx Alum Root, Heuchera hirsuticaulis.

22b. Stamens not projecting beyond the calyx Alum Root, Heuchera hispida.

23a. Stem-leaves alternate or none — 24.

23b. Stem with a pair of opposite leaves (2-4 dm. high) Bishop's Cap, Mitella diphylla.

24a. Petals deeply fringed (1-2 dm. high) Bishop's Cap, Mitella nuda.

24b. Petals entire (1-3 dm. high) False Mitrewort, Tiarella cordifolia.

HAMAMELIDACEAE, гамамелисовые семейство

Кустарники с очередными простыми листьями; чашелистиков, лепестков и тычинок по 4; завязь 2-лопастная.

One species in Michigan; tall shrub with obovate leaves and yellow flowers appearing late in autumn Witch Hazel, Hamamelis virginiana.

PLATANACEAE, платановые семейство

Деревья с широкими пальчато-нервными и лопастными листьями и миниатюрными цветками в плотных шаровидных головках.

One species in Michigan Sycamore, Platanus occidentalis.

ROSACEAE, розоцветные семейство

Деревья, травянистые растения или кустарники с очередными, часто сложными листьями; лепестков и чашелистиков обычно 5, тычинок многочисленные, пестиков от 1 до многих; цветоложе расширено в блюдцевидный или чашевидный орган, несущий чашелистики, лепестки и тычинки по своему краю, а пестики в центре, и напоминающее чашечку-трубку или уплощенную чашечку.

1a. Shrubs or trees — 2.

1b. Herbaceous plants — 48.

2a. Leaves compound — 3.

2b. Leaves simple — 24.

3a. Flowers in large panicles or corymbs, each flower 5-10 mm. across; leaflets 7 or more — 4.

3b. Flowers solitary or in small clusters, each flower usually 20-80 mm. wide; leaflets frequently only 3 or 5 — 7.

4a. Flowers in a pyramidal or oblong panicle, the ovaries superior (1-2 m. high; flowers white, in summer) — 70b.

4b. Flowers in rounded or hemispheric clusters, the ovary inferior — 5.

5a. Leaves pubescent on the lower surface Rowan Tree, Pyrus aucuparia.

5b. Leaves glabrous beneath when mature (small trees; flowers white, in early summer or late spring) (Mountain Ash) — 6.

6a. Leaves acuminate at the apex Mountain Ash, Pyrus americana.

6b. Leaves obtuse or acute at the apex Mountain Ash, Pyrus sitchensis.

7a. Flowers yellow (5-10 dm. high; summer) Cinquefoil, Potentilla fruticosa.

7b. Flowers pink or red, rarely white, 4-10 cm. across (shrubs, 5-15 dm. high, or climbing; stems usually thorny; flowers in early summer) (Rose) — 8.

7c. Flowers white, 1-3 cm. across (4-20 dm. high; flowers in late spring) — 16.

8a. Leaflets on most of the leaves 3; styles cohering in a column which protrudes from among the stamens Climbing Rose, Rosa setigera.

8b. Leaflets 5-11; styles not cohering in a protruding column — 9.

9a. Sepals persistent on the fruit after flowering — 10.

9b. Sepals soon deciduous from the young fruit after flowering — 14.

10a. A pair of spines below each leaf larger than the other spines — 11.

10b. Spines all alike in size or nearly so, or absent completely — 12.

11a. Sepals entire Wild Rose, Rosa woodsii.

11b. Sepals pinnatifid Dog Rose, Rosa canina.

12a. Stems with few thorns or none at all Wild Rose, Rosa blanda.

12b. Stems prickly — 13.

13a. Fruit somewhat pear-shape, narrowed toward the base. Wild Rose, Rosa acicularis.

13b. Fruit globose, rounded at the base Wild Rose, Rosa acicularis var. bourgeauiana.

14a. The pair of spines at the base of each leaf straight or nearly so Wild Rose, Rosa humilis.

14b. The pair of spines at the base of each leaf distinctly recurved or hooked — 15.

15a. Leaves densely glandular-pubescent beneath Sweetbrier, Rosa rubiginosa.

15b. Leaves glabrous or minutely pubescent Swamp Rose, Rosa carolina.

16a. Stems trailing or creeping — 17.

16b. Stems erect, ascending, or arched — 19.

17a. Stems distinctly shrubby and thorny (Dewberry) — 18.

17b. Stems almost herbaceous, without thorns Dwarf Raspberry, Rubus triflorus.

18a. Leaves thin, dull above; fruit black, large and juicy Dewberry, Rubus villosus.

18b. Leaves firm or thick, shining above; fruit reddish, small, consisting of a few sour drupelets Swamp Dewberry, Rubus hispidus.

19a. Ripe fruit dropping away from the white receptacle or core; terminal leaflet of each leaf with a long stalk, while the lateral leaflets are sessile or nearly so (Raspberry) — 20.

19b. Ripe fruit and receptacle or core dropping together; all the leaflets on stalks which are approximately equal in length (Blackberry) — 22.

20a. Stem very glaucous with a whitish or bluish waxy deposit; fruit black Black Raspberry, Rubus occidentalis.

20b. Stem not glaucous; fruit red — 21.

21a. Calyx velvety-pubescent Red Raspberry, Rubus idaeus.

21b. Calyx bristly-hispid Red Raspberry, Rubus idaeus var. aculeatissimus.

22a. Pedicels with gland-tipped hairs, but no prickles Blackberry, Rubus allegheniensis.

22b. Pedicels with prickles Blackberry, Rubus nigricans.

22c. Pedicels with neither prickles nor gland-tipped hairs — 23.

23a. Leaves downy beneath Blackberry, Rubus frondosus.

23b. Leaves smooth beneath Blackberry, Rubus canadensis.

24a. Ovaries 1 or more, superior (attached to the surface of the receptacle, but not concealed within it or united to it) — 25.

24b. Ovary 1, inferior (permanently enclosed within the receptacle, with only the styles protruding) — 38.

25a. Ovaries more than 1 — 26.

25b. Ovary 1 — 30.

26a. Leaves serrate — 27.

26b. Leaves lobed — 28.

27a. Leaves glabrous or very nearly so (8-20 dm. high; flowers white or pinkish, summer) Meadow-sweet, Spiraea salicifolia.

27b. Leaves closely pubescent beneath (5-15 dm. high; flowers pink, summer) Hardhack, Spiraea tomentosa.

28a. Flowers showy, purple or white, 3-4 cm. broad — 29.

28b. Flowers white, about 1 cm. wide (1-3 m. high; flowers in early summer) Ninebark, Physocarpus opulifolius.

29a. Flowers purple Flowering Raspberry, Rubus odoratus.

29b. Flowers white Salmonberry, Rubus parviflorus.

30a. Flowers in racemes (trees or tall shrubs; flowers white, in late spring) — 31.

30b. Flowers in small umbels or corymbs (flowers white, in spring) — 32.

31a. Leaves oblong, the points of their teeth incurved Black Cherry, Prunus serotina.

31b. Leaves obovate, the points of their teeth spreading Choke Cherry, Prunus virginiana.

32a. Flowers about 1 cm. wide — 33.

32b. Flowers about 1.5-2.5 cm. wide — 36.

33a. Low shrubs, with the spatulate or oblong leaves widest above the middle — 34.

33b. Erect tall shrubs or small trees, with the leaves widest below the middle — 35.

34a. An erect shrub (5-10 dm. high) Appalachian Cherry, Prunus cuneata.

34b. A prostrate or ascending shrub (3-15 dm. high) Sand Cherry, Prunus pumila.

35a. Leaves very broadly ovate, almost as wide as long (small tree) Perfumed Cherry, Prunus mahaleb.

35b. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, about 3 times as long as broad (shrub or small tree, 2-10 m. high) Pin Cherry, Prunus pennsylvanica.

36a. Sepals glandular-serrate (tall shrub or small tree) Wild Plum, Prunus nigra.

36b. Sepals entire — 37.

37a. Leaves with sharp teeth, frequently bristle-tipped; a native species (tall shrub or small tree, frequently growing in thickets) Wild Plum, Prunus americana.

37b. Leaves with obtuse teeth; a species escaped from cultivation (widely branched tree) Cherry, Prunus cerasus.

38a. Trees, in cultivation or escaped from cultivation near roads or dwellings, with showy flowers 2.5-5 cm. across, edible fruits, and no thorns (spring) — 39.

38b. Native species, trees or shrubs, growing in woods, fields, or thickets; frequently with thorns (spring) — 40.

39a. Leaves finely serrulate or entire Pear, Pyrus communis.

39b. Leaves coarsely serrate or somewhat lobed Apple, Pyrus malus.

40a. Shrubs or small trees, without thorns — 42.

40b. Bushy trees or shrubs, with thorns or stiff thorn-like branches, and with flowers generally 1.5-2.5 cm. across — 41.

41a. Flowers pink, very fragrant Wild Crab, Pyrus coronaria.

41b. Flowers white (Hawthorn, the genus Crataegus). Several species of this genus occur in the state, for the identification of which the Manual must be used.

42a. Mid-vein glandular above (shrubs 1-3 m. tall; flowers white or pink) (Chokeberry) — 43.

42b. Mid-vein not glandular (shrubs or trees, 1-10 m. tall; flowers white) (Juneberry) — 44.

43a. Leaves glabrous beneath Chokeberry, Pyrus melanocarpa.

43b. Leaves tomentose beneath Chokeberry, Pyrus arbutifolia var. atropurpurea.

44a. Petals 15-25 mm. long — 45.

44b. Petals 5-12 mm. long — 46.

45a. Mature leaves glabrous Juneberry, Amelanchier canadensis.

45b. Mature leaves pubescent beneath Juneberry, Amelanchier canadensis var. botryapium.

46a. Flowers in racemes — 47.

46b. Flowers solitary, or in small clusters of 2-4 Juneberry, Amelanchier oligocarpa.

47a. Leaves coarsely dentate, with about 1 tooth for each lateral vein Juneberry, Amelanchier spicata.

47b. Leaves finely serrate, with about 2-3 teeth for each lateral vein Juneberry, Amelanchier oblongifolia.

48a. Flowers yellow — 49.

48b. Flowers white, pink, purple, or rose, never yellow — 63.

49a. Plant with basal trifoliate leaves, resembling strawberry (1-3 dm. high; late spring) Barren Strawberry, Waldsteinia fragarioides.

49b. Plants with leafy stems — 50.

50a. Flowers solitary in the axils of foliage leaves, on long peduncles (trailing or creeping plants; flowers in late spring and summer) — 51.

50b. Flowers in narrow terminal spike-like racemes (3-8 dm. high; summer) (Agrimony) — 52.

50c. Flowers in irregular or spreading clusters — 55.

51a. Leaflets 5 Five-finger, Potentilla canadensis.

51b. Leaflets 7-25 Silver Weed, Potentilla anserina.

52a. Principal leaflets more than 3 times (about 3-1/2) as long as wide Agrimony, Agrimonia parviflora.

52b. Principal leaflets less than 3 times (about 2-1/2) as long as wide — 53.

53a. Leaves nearly glabrous beneath, or with scattered spreading hairs Agrimony, Agrimonia gryposepala.

53b. Leaves softly pubescent beneath — 54.

54a. Leaves distinctly glandular beneath Agrimony, Agrimonia striata.

54b. Leaves not glandular beneath Agrimony, Agrimonia mollis.

55a. Principal leaves palmately compound with 5-7 leaflets (Cinquefoil) — 56.

55b. Principal stem-leaves with 3 leaflets, or pinnately compound with several leaflets — 58.

56a. Leaves silvery-white beneath, laciniately toothed (1-4 dm. high; late spring and summer) Silvery Cinquefoil, Potentilla argentea.

56b. Leaves not silvery-white beneath (3-10 dm. high; summer) — 57.

57a. Terminal leaflet more than 3 times as long as wide Cinquefoil, Potentilla recta.

57b. Terminal leaflet less than 3 times as long as wide Cinquefoil, Potentilla intermedia

58a. Flowers about 4 mm. wide (2-6 dm. high; spring) Spring Avens, Geum vernum.

58b. Flowers 6 mm. wide, or wider — 59.

59a. Principal leaves with lobed leaflets, of which the terminal is the largest; leaf-axis bearing also some small leaflets between those of usual size (4-12 dm. high; late spring and summer) (Avens) — 60.

59b. Principal leaves with toothed or pinnately cleft leaflets, the lateral ones about equaling the terminal one in size, and without any small scattered leaflets (3-8 dm. tall; summer) (Cinquefoil) — 61.

60a. Terminal leaflet cordate at base Avens, Geum macrophyllum.

60b. Terminal leaflet wedge-shape or acute at base Avens, Geum strictum.

61a. Leaflets 3 Cinquefoil, Potentilla monspeliensis.

61b. Leaflets 5-15 — 62.

62a. Leaflets crenate Cinquefoil, Potentilla paradoxa.

62b. Leaflets deeply incised Cinquefoil, Potentilla pennsylvanica.

63a. Leaves all basal, the flowers on leafless stalks — 64.

63b. Stem-leaves present — 66.

64a. Leaves simple (1-2 dm. high; summer) Dalibarda, Dalibarda repens.

64b. Leaves trifoliate (1-2 dm. high; spring) (Strawberry) — 65.

65a. Leaflets thick and firm, the petioles and pedicels pubescent with spreading or ascending hairs; fruit subglobose, the achenes embedded in pits on its surface Strawberry, Fragaria virginiana.

65b. Leaflets thin, the petioles and pedicels nearly glabrous or with appressed hairs; fruit conic, the achenes on its surface Wood Strawberry, Fragaria americana.

66a. Leaves pinnate with numerous leaflets — 67.

66b. Stem-leaves with 3-5 leaflets — 72.

67a. Leaflets laciniate or deeply lobed (flowers pink or purple, early summer) — 68.

67b. Leaflets merely toothed — 69.

68a. Stem-leaves few, small and opposite (2-4 dm. tall) Purple Avens, Geum triflorum.

68b. Stem-leaves large and alternate (5-20 dm. tall) Queen of the Prairie, Filipendula rubra.

69a. Individual flowers small, not exceeding 6 mm. across, in large clusters or spikes — 70.

69b. Individual flowers more than 10 mm. wide, in few-flowered clusters (Cinquefoil) — 71.

70a. Flowers in dense spikes (5-15 dm. high; late summer) Burnet, Sanguisorba canadensis.

70b. Flowers in panicles Sorbaria, Sorbaria sorbifolia.

71a. Flowers red or purple (3-6 dm. high; summer) Marsh Cinquefoil, Potentilla palustris.

71b. Flowers white (5-10 dm. high; early summer) Cinquefoil, Potentilla arguta.

72a. Pistils 5 (5-10 dm. high; flowers white or pink, early summer) — 73.

72b. Pistils 10, in a ring (flowers pink or purple) — 68b.

72c. Pistils numerous, in a head or close group — 74.

73a. Stipules linear or subulate, 5-8 mm. long Bowman's Root, Gillenia trifoliata.

73b. Stipules leaf-like, 10-25 mm. long, serrate American Ipecac, Gillenia stipulata.

74a. Flowers red or purple — 75.

74b. Flowers white — 76.

75a. Leaflets sharply and irregularly toothed or lobed; petals erect, narrowed at the base (3-9 dm. high; early summer) Purple Avens, Geum rivale.

75b. Leaflets finely and regularly toothed, oblong; petals spreading — 71a.

76a. Leaflets entire below, 3-toothed at the apex (1-3 dm. high; summer) Cinquefoil, Potentilla tridentata.

76b. Leaflets toothed all around the margin — 77.

77a. Leaves all trifoliate (2-5 dm. high; late spring) — 17b.

77b. Some of the upper leaves merely lobed or dentate (5-8 dm. high) (Avens) — 78.

78a. Stem bristly-hairy (early summer) Avens, Geum virginianum.

78b. Stem softly and finely pubescent (summer) Avens, Geum canadense.

LEGUMINOSAE, бобовые семейство

Деревья, кустарники или травянистые растения с очередными сложными (за исключением 3 видов с простыми) листьями и прилистниками; цветки обычно неправильные (за исключением нескольких видов), с крупным верхним лепестком и 4 более мелкими, причем 2 нижних заключают в себе тычинки и пестик; тычинок почти всегда 10, и они обычно соединены своими нитями; пестик 1, простой, созревающий в боб.

1a. Shrubs or trees — 2.

1b. Herbs, twining, but without tendrils — 9.

1c. Herbs; the leaves, or some of them, tipped with tendrils — 12.

1d. Herbs, not climbing or twining; tendrils none — 21.

2a. Leaves simple — 3.

2b. Leaves compound — 4.

3a. Leaves broadly cordate (tall shrub or small tree; flowers pink, early spring) Redbud, Cercis canadensis.

3b. Leaves lanceolate or elliptical (3-6 dm. high; flowers yellow, summer) Dyer's Greenweed, Genista tinctoria.

4a. Twigs or branches thorny — 5.

4b. Thorns none — 7.

5a. Thorns branched, scattered on the stem (tall tree; flowers greenish, early summer) Honey Locust, Gleditsia triacanthos.

5b. Thorns unbranched, a pair of them at the base of each leaf (late spring) — 6.

6a. Branches glabrous or nearly so (tree; flowers white) Black Locust, Robinia pseudo-acacia.

6b. Branches glandular-pubescent (tall shrub; flowers pinkish) Clammy Locust, Robinia viscosa.

6c. Branches bristly (shrub. 1-3 m. high; flowers pink) Bristly Locust, Robinia hispida.

7a. Trees; leaves 2-3-pinnate (flowers greenish-white, spring) Kentucky Coffee-tree, Gymnocladus dioica.

7b. Low shrubs; leaves once-pinnate (3-6 dm. high; summer) — 8.

8a. Flowers bright-blue, each with a single petal Lead Plant, Amorpha canescens.

8b. Flowers yellowish and pink-purple, petals 5 — 26a.

9a. Leaflets 5-7; flowers in racemes (purplish, late summer) Wild Bean, Apios tuberosa.

9b. Leaflets 3 (flowers greenish, purple, or white, late summer) — 10.

10a. Flowers in small capitate clusters; lower 2 petals strongly incurved Wild Bean, Strophostyles helvola.

10b. Flowers in racemes (Hog Peanut) — 11.

11a. Stem pubescent or glabrate; leaflets seldom more than 5 cm. long Hog Peanut, Amphicarpa monoica.

11b. Stem villous with retrorse hairs; leaflets usually longer than 5 cm. Hog Peanut, Amphicarpa pitcheri.

12a. Style with a tuft of hairs at the apex; lateral petals of the corolla adherent to the lower ones as far as the middle; stipules less than 10 mm. long, and usually less than one-fourth the length of the lower leaflets (spring and summer) (Vetch) — 13.

12b. Style hairy along the inner side; lateral petals of the corolla free from the lower ones or adherent only at the very base; stipules more than 8 mm. long and usually one-third or more the length of the lower leaflets (late spring and summer) — 17.

13a. Flowers axillary, sessile or nearly so (flowers purple) — 14.

13b. Flowers in peduncled racemes — 15.

14a. Upper leaves oblong-obovate, truncate or notched, and mucronate at the apex Spring Vetch, Vicia sativa.

14b. Upper leaves lance-linear, sharply acute Common Vetch, Vicia angustifolia.

15a. Flowers 15-20 mm. long, 4-8 in a cluster (flowers purple) Vetch, Vicia americana.

15b. Flowers 8-12 mm. long — 16.

16a. Racemes one-sided; flowers blue Vetch, Vicia cracca.

16b. Racemes loosely flowered, not one-sided; flowers whitish, the lower petals tipped with blue Vetch, Vicia caroliniana.

17a. Flowers yellowish-white Vetchling, Lathyrus ochroleucus.

17b. Flowers purple — 18.

18a. Stipules nearly regularly halberd-shape, almost as large as the leaflets Beach Pea, Lathyrus maritimus.

18b. Stipules half-sagittate, apparently attached laterally near the middle — 19.

19a. Leaflets 4-8 pairs, ovate; racemes with 10 or more flowers Wild Pea, Lathyrus venosus.

19b. Leaflets 2-4 pairs, linear to oblong or elliptical; racemes with 2-9 flowers (Marsh Pea) — 20.

20a. Stems with a membranous wing on the margins Marsh Pea, Lathyrus palustris.

20b. Stems angled, but not winged Marsh Pea, Lathyrus palustris var. myrtifolius.

21a. Leaves simple (2-3 dm. high; flowers yellow, summer) Rattlebox, Crotalaria sagittalis.

21b. Leaves palmately compound; leaflets 7-11 (3-6 dm. high; flowers blue, late spring) Lupine, Lupinus perennis.

21c. Leaves pinnately compound; leaflets 5 to many — 22.

21d. Leaves compound; leaflets 3 — 28.

22a. Leaflets 5; flowers rose-purple in a spike-like head (5-8 dm. high, late summer) Prairie Clover, Petalostemum purpureum.

22b. Leaflets more than 5 — 23.

23a. Flowers bright-blue, in a dense spike (3-6 dm. high; summer) — 8a.

23b. Flowers bright-yellow; stamens not united (summer) — 24.

23c. Flowers white, cream-color, or yellowish, or marked with purple — 26.

24a. Leaflets linear-oblong, 2 cm. long or less; stamens 5 or 10 (3-6 dm. high) (Partridge Pea) — 25.

24b. Leaflets lanceolate-oblong, 2-5 cm. long; 7 stamens with normal anthers and 3 with imperfect anthers (8-15 dm. high) Wild Senna, Cassia marilandica.

25a. Anthers 10; flowers 2-4 cm. wide Partridge Pea, Cassia chamaecrista.

25b. Anthers 5; flowers 5-10 mm. wide Partridge Pea, Cassia nictitans.

26a. Silky-hairy with whitish hairs; flowers marked with purple (3-5 dm. high; summer) Goat's Rue, Tephrosia virginiana.

26b. Glabrous or nearly so (summer) (Milk Vetch) — 27.

27a. Flowers greenish cream-color (4-10 dm. high) Milk Vetch, Astragalus canadensis.

27b. Flowers white (3-5 dm. high) Milk Vetch, Astragalus neglectus.

28a. Flowers in heads, umbels, or short dense spikes — 29.

28b. Flowers in loose racemes or panicles — 42.

29a. Flowers bright-yellow; decumbent or ascending plants (spring and summer) — 30.

29b. Flowers white, cream, purple, or red; never yellow — 34.

30a. Whole flower only about 2 mm. long; pod coiled — 31.

30b. Flowers larger, each one 3-6 mm. long; pod straight (1-4 dm. high) (Hop Clover) — 32.

31a. Flowers numerous in each head Black Medick, Medicago lupulina.

31b. Flowers in clusters of 2 — 20 Bur Clover, Medicago hispida.

32a. Stipules linear Hop Clover, Trifolium agrarium.

32b. Stipules ovate — 33.

33a. Heads densely flowered; flowers 20 or more; upper petal striate when dry Hop Clover, Trifolium procumbens.

33b. Heads loosely flowered; flowers usually 10 or fewer; upper petal scarcely striate or not at all Hop Clover, Trifolium dubium.

34a. Leaves palmately compound, the 3 leaflets all from the same point (late spring and summer) (Clover) — 35.

34b. Leaves pinnately compound, the terminal leaflet on a distinct stalk — 39.

35a. Individual flowers sessile, or on very short pedicels — 36.

35b. Individual flowers distinctly pedicelled — 37.

36a. Heads oblong, on distinct peduncles; calyx longer than the corolla (flowers nearly white; 1-4 dm. tall) Stone Clover, Trifolium arvense.

36b. Heads nearly globose, almost sessile, closely subtended by the leaves; corolla longer than the calyx (2-8 dm. high; flowers red-purple) Red Clover, Trifolium pratense.

37a. Stems prostrate or creeping; heads long-peduncled, arising from the creeping branches (flower-stalks 1-2 dm. high; flowers white) White Clover, Trifolium repens.

37b. Some or all of the stems erect; heads arising from the leafy stems (flowers white or pink) — 38.

38a. Plants with long basal runners; flowers 10-13 mm. long (2-3 dm. high) Buffalo Clover, Trifolium stoloniferum.

38b. Basal runners none; flowers 6-8 mm. long (3-8 dm. high) Alsike Clover, Trifolium hybridum.

39a. Prostrate; leaflets broadly ovate; flowers 3-10 in a cluster — 10a.

39b. Erect; leaflets broadest near the middle; flowers numerous (5-12 dm. high; flowers yellowish-white, late summer) (Bush Clover) — 40.

40a. Leaflets less than twice as long as broad Bush Clover, Lespedeza hirta.

40b. Leaflets more than twice as long as broad — 41.

41a. Leaflets linear, 5 mm. wide or less; heads with obvious peduncles Bush Clover, Lespedeza angustifolia.

41b. Leaflets narrowly elliptical, the principal ones more than 5 mm. wide; heads sessile or nearly so Bush Clover, Lespedeza capitata.

42a. Leaflets finely toothed — 43.

42b. Leaflets entire — 44.

43a. Flowers violet or blue (3-6 dm. high; summer) Alfalfa, Medicago sativa.

43b. Flowers yellow (1-2 m. high; summer) Yellow Sweet Clover, Melilotus officinalis.

43c. Flowers white (1-3 m. high; summer) White Sweet Clover, Melilotus alba.

44a. Flowers yellow (5-10 dm. high; summer) Wild Indigo, Baptisia tinctoria.

44b. Flowers white, the leaflets all from the same point (5-10 dm. high; summer) Wild Indigo, Baptisia leucantha.

44c. Flowers blue, purple, or pink (rarely white, and then the terminal leaflet stalked) — 45.

45a. Racemes arising from the base of the plant, leafless (4-8 dm. high; summer) Tick Trefoil, Desmodium nudiflorum.

45b. Racemes terminal or a few of them axillary; leaflets generally more than 3 cm. long; pod (usually to be seen at the base of the raceme) transversely segmented into 2 or more joints (summer) (Tick Trefoil; the genus Desmodium. Pods are usually necessary for satisfactory identification) — 46.

45c. Racemes short, loose, chiefly axillary; leaflets generally less than 3 cm. long; the short ovate or ovoid pod not transversely jointed (5-10 dm. high; flowers in summer) (Bush Clover; the genus Lespedeza. Reference to the Manual is recommended) — 58.

46a. Leaves clustered near the summit of the stem (4-12 dm. high) Tick Trefoil, Desmodium grandiflorum.

46b. Leaves scattered on the stem — 47.

47a. Plants prostrate; racemes panicled; leaflets nearly circular Tick Trefoil, Desmodium rotundifolium.

47b. Plants decumbent or ascending; racemes short, simple, few-flowered; stipules ovate (stems 4-8 dm. long) Tick Trefoil, Desmodium pauciflorum.

47c. Plants erect or ascending; racemes panicled — 48.

48a. Leaflets of an oblong type, broadest at or near the middle, and about 4 times as long as broad (5-10 dm. tall) — 49.

48b. Leaflets of an ovate or lanceolate type, broadest below the middle, and not more than 3 times as long as wide — 50.

49a. Stem pubescent; leaves sessile or nearly so Tick Trefoil, Desmodium sessilifolium.

49b. Stem glabrous or nearly so; leaves obviously petioled Tick Trefoil, Desmodium paniculatum.

50a. Stipules lanceolate to ovate, 1 cm. long or more (6-15 dm. high) — 51.

50b. Stipules narrowly lanceolate or subulate, less than 1 cm. long — 54.

51a. Stems glabrous or minutely pubescent; leaves acuminate — 52.

51b. Stems hispid or densely pubescent; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or barely acute — 53.

52a. Leaves glabrous on both sides Tick Trefoil, Desmodium bracteosum.

52b. Leaves rough above, hairy beneath Tick Trefoil, Desmodium bracteosum var. longifolium.

53a. Leaflets broadly ovate Tick Trefoil, Desmodium canescens.

53b. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate Tick Trefoil, Desmodium illinoense.

54a. Flowers 10-12 mm. long (1-2 m. high) Tick Trefoil, Desmodium canadense.

54b. Flowers 5-8 mm. long (5-8 dm. tall) — 55.

54c. Flowers 3-4 mm. long (4-8 dm. tall) — 56.

55a. Leaflets broadly ovate Tick Trefoil, Desmodium viridiflorum.

55b. Leaflets oblong-ovate Tick Trefoil, Desmodium dillenii.

56a. Leaflets 3-5 cm. long, oblong-ovate, scabrous above Tick Trefoil, Desmodium rigidum.

56b. Leaflets 1-2.5 cm. long, broadly ovate or oval, not scabrous above — 57.

57a. Stem and leaves glabrous or very nearly so Tick Trefoil, Desmodium marilandicum.

57b. Stem and leaves conspicuously pubescent Tick Trefoil, Desmodium obtusum.

58a. Flower-clusters sessile, or on peduncles shorter than the subtending leaves — 59.

58b. Flower-clusters, or many of them, on peduncles longer than the leaves — 61.

59a. Leaves linear-oblong Bush Clover, Lespedeza virginica.

59b. Leaves ovate or oval — 60.

60a. Leaves and stem velvety or downy Bush Clover, Lespedeza stuvei.

60b. Leaves and stem glabrous, or with close appressed pubescence Bush Clover, Lespedeza frutescens.

61a. Leaves ovate or broadly elliptical; corolla conspicuously exceeding the calyx — 62.

61b. Leaves linear-oblong; calyx about as long as the corolla Bush Clover, Lespedeza manniana.

62a. Stem erect or ascending — 63.

62b. Stem trailing; peduncles much exceeding the leaves Bush Clover, Lespedeza procumbens.

63a. Villous-pubescent; inflorescence dense; some peduncles shorter than the leaves Bush Clover, Lespedeza nuttallii.

63b. Slightly pubescent or glabrous; inflorescence loose, on peduncles much longer than the leaves Bush Clover, Lespedeza violacea.

LINACEAE, льновые семейство

Herbs with simple leaves, and regular flowers, having 5 sepals, 5 yellow or blue petals, 5 stamens, and 5 styles.

1a. Flowers blue (3-6 dm. high; summer) Flax, Linum usitatissimum.

1b. Flowers yellow (3-8 dm. high; summer) (Wild Flax) — 2.

2a. Middle stem-leaves below the branches opposite Wild Flax, Linum striatum.

2b. Middle stem-leaves below the branches alternate — 3.

3a. Leaves narrowly lanceolate to linear, 1-4 mm. wide — 4.

3b. Leaves oblanceolate to oblong, 4-6 mm. wide Wild Flax, Linum virginianum.

4a. Leaves entire Wild Flax, Linum medium.

4b. Upper leaves glandular-ciliate Wild Flax, Linum sulcatum.

OXALIDACEAE, кисличные семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными или прикорневыми сложными листьями с 3 обратносердцевидными листочками; чашелистиков, лепестков и столбиков по 5; тычинок 10. (Кислица)

1a. Leaves all basal; flowers white to pink-purple (1-2 dm. high; late spring) — 2.

1b. Stem-leaves present; flowers yellow (1-5 dm. high; spring and summer) — 3.

2a. Flower-stalks bearing a single flower Wood Sorrel, Oxalis acetosella.

2b. Flower-stalks bearing an umbel of several flowers Wood Sorrel, Oxalis violacea.

3a. Stem prostrate and creeping Wood Sorrel, Oxalis repens.

3b. Stem erect or ascending — 4.

4a. Pedicels with spreading pubescence Wood Sorrel, Oxalis corniculata.

4b. Pedicels with appressed pubescence Wood Sorrel, Oxalis stricta.

GERANIACEAE, гераниевые семейство

Травянистые растения с глубокопальчатыми [так в тексте] или рассеченными листьями; цветки правильные, с 5 чашелистиками, 5 лепестками, 5 или 10 тычинками и 5-гнездной завязью.

1a. Anthers 5 (spreading or ascending plants, 2-4 dm. high; flowers pink or purple, spring and summer) — 2.

1b. Anthers 10 — 3.

2a. Leaves pinnately dissected Stork's-bill, Erodium cicutarium.

2b. Leaves palmately divided into cuneate lobes Crane's-bill, Geranium pusillum.

3a. Leaves ternately divided, the lobes pinnatifid (2-4 dm. high; flowers purple, late spring and summer) Herb Robert, Geranium robertianum.

3b. Leaves palmately 3-11-lobed — 4.

4a. Petals 12 mm. long or more (3-6 dm. high; flowers pale purple, spring) Wild Geranium, Geranium maculatum.

4b. Petals less than 10 mm. long (Crane's-bill) — 5.

5a. Seed-bearing portion of the pistil smooth, glabrous or nearly so (low spreading plant; flowers purple, late spring and summer) Crane's-bill, Geranium columbinum.

5b. Seed-bearing portion of the pistil transversely wrinkled (widely branching. 1-3 dm. tall; flowers purple, summer) Crane's-bill, Geranium molle.

5c. Seed-bearing portion of the pistil pubescent (widely branching. 1-5 dm. tall) — 6.

6a. Leaves divided almost to the base (flowers pinkish or white, spring and summer) — 7.

6b. Leaves divided one-half to two-thirds the way to the base (flowers purple, summer) Crane's-bill, Geranium rotundifolium.

7a. Petals white or pale pink; flowers in compact clusters Crane's-bill, Geranium carolinianum.

7b. Petals pink-purple; flowers in loose clusters Crane's-bill, Geranium bicknellii.

RUTACEAE, рутовые семейство

Кустарники или низкорослые деревья со сложными листьями, часто испещренными полупрозрачными железками; цветки мелкие, зеленовато-белые, с 3–5 чашелистиками, лепестками и тычинками.

1a. Leaflets 5-9; stems thorny Prickly Ash, Zanthoxylum americanum.

1b. Leaflets 3; stems not thorny Hop Tree, Ptelea trifoliata.

SIMARUBACEAE, симарубовые семейство

Деревья с перисто-сложными листьями и мелкими зеленовато-желтыми цветками в крупных метелках в начале лета, созревающими в крылатые плоды.

One species in Michigan, escaped from cultivation chiefly in towns Tree of Heaven, Ailanthus glandulosa.

POLYGALACEAE, истодовые семейство

Мелкие травянистые растения с очередными или мутовчатыми простыми листьями и мелкими неправильными цветками; чашелистиков 5, лепестков 3, тычинок 6 или 8, более или менее сросшихся друг с другом и с лепестками.

1a. All of the leaves alternate — 2.

1b. Some or all of the leaves in whorls (1-4 dm. high; flowers greenish, purple, or white; summer) (Milkwort) — 6.

2a. Flowers few, loosely clustered, 15-20 mm. long (1-3 dm. high; flowers purple; early summer) Flowering Wintergreen, Polygala paucifolia.

2b. Flowers numerous, in a spike or raceme — 3.

3a. Stem-leaves minute, linear-subulate; stem slender, erect, 3-7 dm. high (flowers pink; summer) Milkwort, Polygala incarnata.

3b. Stem-leaves narrowly oblong or broader; stem generally 1-4 dm. high — 4.

4a. Flowers in a short thick obtuse very dense spike (flowers greenish or purple; summer) Milkwort, Polygala sanguinea.

4b. Flowers in a slender tapering spike — 5.

4c. Flowers in a raceme; plants with subterranean flowers also (flowers purple; early summer) Milkwort, Polygala polygama.

5a. Leaves linear or nearly so (flowers purple; summer) — 7b.

5b. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 2-6 cm. long (flowers white; late spring) Seneca Snakeroot, Polygala senega.

5c. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate (flowers white; late spring) Seneca Snakeroot, Polygala senega var. latifolia.

6a. Spike oval, thick, obtuse Milkwort, Polygala cruciata.

6b. Spike acute — 7.

7a. Spike densely flowered, 1-2 cm. long Milkwort, Polygala verticillata.

7b. Spike loosely flowered, 2-5 cm. long Milkwort, Polygala verticillata var. ambigua.

EUPHORBIACEAE, молочайные семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными, супротивными или мутовчатыми листьями и обычно млечным соком. Цветки мелкие или миниатюрные и незаметные, без лепестков и часто без чашечки. У наших более распространенных видов несколько тычиночных цветков, каждый из которых состоит лишь из одной тычинки, и один пестичный цветок, состоящий лишь из одной снабженной ножкой 3-лопастной завязи, заключены внутри 4–5-лопастного обертки [так в тексте], которая иногда окрашена и напоминает чашечку или венчик.

1a. Stem-leaves alternate; inflorescence axillary; flowers with calyx and several stamens (3-8 dm. tall; flowers greenish or purplish; summer) (Three-seeded Mercury) — 2.

1b. Stem-leaves opposite, usually inequilateral at base; flowers as described for the family; apparent flowers in axillary clusters (summer and autumn) (Spurge) — 3.

1c. Stem-leaves alternate; inflorescence a terminal umbel-like cluster, with its branches subtended by opposite or whorled leaves; flowers as described for the family (Spurge) — 9.

2a. Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate; flower-clusters shorter than the subtending bract Three-seeded Mercury, Acalypha virginica.

2b. Leaves lanceolate to oblong; flower-clusters equaling or exceeding the subtending bract Three-seeded Mercury, Acalypha gracilens.

3a. Stem and foliage glabrous — 4.

3b. Stem and foliage more or less pubescent (stems prostrate or ascending, 1-4 dm. long) — 7.

4a. Erect or ascending, usually without basal branches (2-4 dm. tall) Spurge, Euphorbia preslii.

4b. Prostrate or spreading, branched from the base (stems 1-4 dm. long) — 5.

5a. Leaves entire; plants of the shores of the Great Lakes Spurge, Euphorbia polygonifolia.

5b. Leaves serrulate — 6.

6a. Leaves broadly oblong or obovate; seeds obscurely wrinkled Spurge, Euphorbia serpyllifolia.

6b. Leaves narrowly oblong; seeds with prominent transverse ridges Spurge, Euphorbia glyptosperma.

7a. Seeds black Spurge, Euphorbia hirsuta.

7b. Seeds red — 8.

8a. Leaves oblong Spurge, Euphorbia maculata.

8b. Leaves elliptical to obovate; involucre split down one side Spurge, Euphorbia humistrata.

9a. Flowers subtended by conspicuous petal-like white appendages (part of the involucre) (4-10 dm. tall; summer) Spurge, Euphorbia corollata.

9b. Flowers not subtended by petal-like appendages — 10.

10a. Stem-leaves below the inflorescence serrulate (2-5 dm. high; summer) — 11.

10b. Stem-leaves below the inflorescence entire — 13.

11a. Upper leaves acute Spurge, Euphorbia platyphylla.

11b. Upper leaves obtuse, rounded, or notched at the apex — 12.

12a. Leaves of the involucre broadly triangular-ovate, widest near the base Spurge, Euphorbia obtusata.

12b. Leaves of the involucre broadly obovate to nearly circular, widest near or above the middle Spurge, Euphorbia helioscopia.

13a. Stem-leaves narrowly linear, less than 3 mm. wide (2-4 dm. high; late spring and summer) Cypress Spurge, Euphorbia cyparissias.

13b. Stem-leaves narrowly oblong-spatulate, more than 5 mm. wide, and more than 3 times as long as wide (2-6 dm. high; summer) — 14.

13c. Stem-leaves obovate to nearly circular, not more than twice as long as wide (1-4 dm. high) — 15.

14a. Leaves at base of umbel narrow, resembling those on the stem Spurge, Euphorbia esula.

14b. Leaves at base of umbel broad, resembling those of the inflorescence Spurge, Euphorbia lucida.

15a. Upper stem-leaves distinctly narrowed at the base; introduced species of waste places (summer) Spurge, Euphorbia peplus.

15b. Upper stem-leaves rounded at the sessile base; native species of woodlands (spring and early summer) Spurge, Euphorbia commutata.

CALLITRICHACEAE, болотниковые семейство

Мелкие травянистые растения, растущие в воде или в грязи, с супротивными цельными листьями и мелкими незаметными пазушными цветками без чашечки и венчика. (Цветки летом.)

1a. Completely submerged; leaves all linear Water Starwort, Callitriche autumnalis.

1b. Submerged leaves linear, emersed and floating leaves obovate Water Starwort, Callitriche palustris.

EMPETRACEAE, водяниковые семейство

Низкорослые вечнозеленые кустарники с линейными листьями, полностью свернутыми в трубку, и незаметными цветками без лепестков в пазухах листьев.

One species in Michigan, 1-3 dm. high; leaves less than 1 cm. long; flowers in summer Crowberry, Empetrum nigrum.

LIMNANTHACEAE, лимантовые семейство

Низкорослые травянистые растения с очередными сложными листьями и миниатюрными пазушными цветками; чашелистиков 3, лепестков 3, тычинок 6.

One species in Michigan, with stems 1-3 dm. long, and flowers in late spring False Mermaid, Floerkea proserpinacoides.

ANACARDIACEAE, анакардиевые семейство

Кустарники или небольшие деревья с млечным или смолистым соком, очередными сложными листьями, иногда ядовитыми при прикосновении, и мелкими скученными зеленоватыми или желтоватыми цветками.

1a. Leaflets 7 to many (1-5 m. high) (Sumach) — 2.

1b. Leaflets 3-5.

2a. Axis of the leaves wing-margined between the leaflets Sumach, Rhus copallina.

2b. Axis of the leaves not margined — 3.

3a. Leaflets entire Poison Sumach, Rhus vernix.

3b. Leaflets serrate — 4.

4a. Bark of the older stems glabrous Sumach, Rhus glabra.

4b. Bark of the older stems densely velvety-hairy Sumach, Rhus typhina.

5a. Terminal leaflet narrowed to a sessile base (5-20 dm. high) Sumach, Rhus canadensis.

5b. Terminal leaflet on a definite stalk, round or acute at base (3-8 dm. high, or climbing by hold-fast roots) Poison Ivy, Rhus toxicodendron.

AQUIFOLIACEAE, падубовые семейство

Кустарники с очередными простыми листьями и мелкими белыми или зеленоватыми пазушными цветками в конце весны и начале лета; чашелистиков, лепестков и тычинок по 4–6; плод — ягода.

1a. Leaves entire or nearly so, 1-3 cm. long (1-2 m. tall) Mountain Holly, Nemopanthus mucronata.

1b. Leaves sharply serrate, 5-8 cm. long (2-5 m. high) (Black Alder) — 2.

2a. Leaves downy on the veins beneath; fruit red Black Alder, Ilex verticillata.

2b. Leaves nearly or quite glabrous; fruit orange Black Alder, Ilex verticillata var. tenuifolia.

CELASTRACEAE, бересклетоватые семейство

Кустарники с простыми листьями и незаметными цветками; чашелистиков и лепестков по 4 или 5, тычинки того же числа и прикреплены к диску, который заполняет центр цветка; плод броский, оранжевый и красный.

1a. Leaves alternate (climbing vine; flowers in racemes; late spring) Bitter-sweet, Celastrus scandens.

1b. Leaves opposite (flowers in axillary clusters) — 2.

2a. Prostrate, with short erect branches; leaves broadest above the middle (spring) Creeping Wahoo, Evonymus obovatus.

2b. Tall shrub, with leaves broadest below or near the middle (early summer) Wahoo, Evonymus atropurpureus.

STAPHYLEACEAE, клекировые семейство

Кустарники с супротивными тройчатыми листьями и мелкими пазушными пучками белых цветков весной; чашелистиков, лепестков и тычинок по 5; завязь 3-гнездная, созревающая в крупный вздутый 3-гнездный боб.

One species in Michigan (2-5 m. high) Bladder Nut, Staphylea trifolia.

ACERACEAE, кленовые семейство

Деревья или кустарники с супротивными, лопастными или сложными листьями и незаметными цветками; чашелистиков около 5; лепестков столько же или нет; тычинок 4–12; завязь 2-лопастная, созревающая в пару крылатых плодов.

1a. Leaves compound (tree; flowers appearing before the leaves) Box Elder, Acer negundo.

1b. Leaves simple (Maple) — 2.

2a. Shrubs or small trees; leaves 3-5-lobed; the lobes with regularly serrate margins (flowers greenish-yellow, appearing later than the leaves) — 3.

2b. Trees; leaves 3-7-lobed; margins of the lobes entire or incised, but never regularly serrate — 4.

3a. Leaves finely and sharply serrate; twigs smooth; bark conspicuously striped with white lines Striped Maple, Acer pennsylvanicum.

3b. Leaves coarsely and bluntly serrate; young twigs pubescent; bark not striped Mountain Maple, Acer spicatum.

4a. Angles between the leaf-lobes rounded (flowers greenish-yellow, appearing with the leaves) — 5.

4b. Angles between the leaf-lobes acute or obtuse, but not rounded (flowers purple, red, or yellowish, appearing before the leaves) — 6.

5a. Leaves glabrous beneath, or minutely pubescent on the veins Sugar Maple, Acer saccharum.

5b. Leaves downy beneath Black Maple, Acer saccharum var. nigrum.

6a. Middle leaf-lobe usually more than half the length of the leaf, narrowed at its base; broken twigs with a strong odor Silver Maple, Acer saccharinum.

6b. Middle leaf-lobe usually less than half the length of the leaf, its sides parallel or broadened at the base; broken twigs without strong odor Red Maple, Acer rubrum.

SAPINDACEAE, сапиндовые семейство

Деревья с супротивными пальчато-сложными листьями и броскими белыми или желтоватыми цветками в метелках весной; чашелистиков 5; лепестков 4 или 5; тычинок около 7; плод — гладкий коричневый орех.

1a. Leaflets 7; buds viscid; corolla of 5 petals Horse Chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum.

1b. Leaflets 5; buds smooth; corolla of 4 petals Buckeye, Aesculus glabra.

BALSAMINACEAE, недотроговые семейство

Гладкие травянистые растения с очередными простыми листьями и броскими цветками; один чашелистик наподобие лепестка удлинен в шпорец; плод взрывается при созревании (высотой 5–10 дм; лето).