«Растения Мичигана: Простые определители местных семенных растений штата»

7b. Lip entire, or barely toothed — 8.

8a. Flower, exclusive of ovary, 4 mm. long Coral Root, Corallorrhiza odontorhiza.

8b. Flower about 10 mm. long. Coral Root, Corallorrhiza striata.

9a. Leaf 1 or none at flowering time — 10.

9b. Leaves a single pair, basal, or opposite on the stem; never alternate on the stem — 19.

9c. Leaves several, all basal, prominently net-veined, and frequently blotched with white (scape 1-4 dm. high; flowers whitish, pubescent, in summer) (Rattlesnake Plantain) — 26.

9d. Leaves 2 or more, on the stem — 28.

10a. Foliage leaf absent or undeveloped at flowering time, or merely persisting through the winter from the previous year — 11.

10b. Foliage leaf present at flowering time — 12.

11a. Flower rose-purple, 3-5 cm. long, solitary or two (1-3 dm. high, early summer) Arethusa, Arethusa bulbosa.

11b. Flowers purplish-green, in racemes, with a spur 2 cm. long Crane-fly Orchis, Tipularia discolor.

11c. Flowers yellowish, purple tinged, in racemes; spur none (3-4 dm. high, early summer). Putty Root, Aplectrum hyemale.

12a. Leaf linear or linear-lanceolate — 13.

12b. Leaf of a broader shape — 14.

13a. Flower solitary or two; leaf just below the flower — 11a.

13b. Flowers in a loose raceme, sometimes only 2; leaf basal Calopogon, Calopogon pulchellus.

14a. Flowers greenish, yellowish, or white — 15.

14b. Flowers pink to purple, often variegated — 17.

15a. Flowers 6-10 mm. wide, with a spur about the same length (1-4 dm. high, summer) (Rein Orchis) — 35.

15b. Flowers 5 mm. wide or less; spur none (1-2 dm. high; summer) (Adder's Mouth) — 16.

16a. Pedicels less than 5 mm. long; lip broadest below the middle Adder's Mouth, Microstylis monophyllos.

16b. Pedicels more than 5 mm. long; lip broadest near the apex Adder's Mouth, Microstylis unifolia.

17a. Flowers spicate; lip distinctly 3-lobed (1-2 dm. high; early summer) — 24.

17b. Flowers solitary or two — 18.

18a. Leaf on the stem, lanceolate to ovate — 34a.

18b. Leaf basal, round-ovate (2 dm. high or less; early summer) Calypso, Calypso bulbosa.

19a. Leaves opposite and sessile near the middle of the stem (1-3 dm. high; flowers in summer) (Tway-blade) — 20.

19b. Leaves basal — 21.

20a. Lip deeply 2-cleft (flowers purplish) Tway-blade, Listera cordata.

20b. Lip wedge-shape, with 2 round shallow lobes (flowers greenish-yellow) Tway-blade, Listera convallarioides.

21a. Lip an inflated sac about 4 cm. long — 29d.

21b. Lip not sac-like — 22.

22a. Flower with a spur 15-50 mm. long — 23.

22b. Flower not spurred (1-2 dm. high; early summer) (Tway-blade) — 25.

23a. Flowers purple or magenta, or with white markings — 24.

23b. Flowers greenish, yellowish, or white (1-4 dm. high; summer) (Rein Orchis) — 36.

24a. Leaf 1 (1-2 dm. high; early summer) Round-leaved Orchis, Orchis rotundifolia.

24b. Leaves 2 (-20 cm. high; late spring) Showy Orchis, Orchis spectabilis.

25a. Lip about 10 mm. long, purple Tway-blade, Liparis liliifolia.

25b. Lip about 5 mm. long, yellowish-green Tway-blade, Liparis loeselii.

26a. Perianth 8-10 mm. long; lip with elongated point Rattlesnake Plantain, Epipactis decipiens.

26b. Perianth 4-6 mm. long; lip sack-like — 27.

27a. Raceme loosely flowered, one-sided Rattlesnake Plantain, Epipactis repens var. ophioides.

27b. Raceme closely flowered, not one-sided Rattlesnake Plantain, Epipactis pubescens.

28a. Lip conspicuously sack-like, inflated (late spring and early summer) (Lady's Slipper) — 29.

28b. Lip not sack-like nor inflated — 32.

29a. Lip white (1-3 dm. high) White Lady's Slipper, Cypripedium candidum.

29b. Lip yellow (2-7 dm. high) — 30.

29c. Lip white, with crimson or purple markings — 31.

29d. Lip pink (1-4 dm. high, late spring) Stemless Lady's Slipper, Cypripedium acaule.

30a. Lip 2-3 cm. long. Small Yellow Lady's Slipper, Cypripedium parviflorum.

30b. Lip 3.5-5 cm. long Large Yellow Lady's Slipper, Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens.

31a. Lip 2 cm. long or less; sepals separate (1.5-3 dm. high) Ram's Head Lady's Slipper, Cypripedium arietinum.

31b. Lip 3 cm. long or more; the 2 lower sepals united Showy Lady's Slipper, Cypripedium hirsutum.

32a. Flowers solitary in the axils, or solitary and terminal; not spurred — 33.

32b. Flowers in terminal racemes, spurred — 38.

33a. Leaves a whorl of 5 (2-3 dm. high; petals greenish; late summer) Whorled Pogonia, Pogonia verticillata.

33b. Leaves alternate — 34.

34a. Leaves lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 2-8 cm. long, narrowed at base; flower terminal (1-4 dm. high; flowers pink purple, early summer) Snake Mouth, Pogonia ophioglossoides.

34b. Leaves ovate, 1-2 cm. long, clasping; flowers axillary (5-20 cm. high; flowers purple, summer) Nodding Pogonia, Pogonia trianthophora.

35a. Leaf basal; spur nearly straight Rein Orchis, Habenaria obtusata.

35b. Leaf on the stem; spur strongly curved Rein Orchis, Habenaria clavellata.

36a. Flower-stalk without bracts below the raceme; flowers yellowish-green Rein Orchis, Habenaria hookeri.

36b. Flower-stalk bearing bracts below the raceme; flowers greenish-white — 37.

37a. Spur 15-25 mm. long Rein Orchis, Habenaria orbiculata.

37b. Spur 30-50 mm. long Rein Orchis, Habenaria macrophylla.

38a. Lip fringed (Fringed Orchis) — 43.

38b. Lip not fringed (Rein Orchis) — 39.

39a. Lip with 2-3 evident teeth at apex — 40.

39b. Lip without apical teeth — 41.

40a. Stem-leaves 3 or more Rein Orchis, Habenaria bracteata.

40b. Stem-leaves 2 — 35b.

41a. Flowers white Rein Orchis, Habenaria dilatata.

41b. Flowers greenish-yellow — 42.

42a. Lip lanceolate, tapering toward the apex Rein Orchis, Habenaria hyperborea.

42b. Lip oblong, truncate at the apex Rein Orchis, Habenaria flava.

43a. Lip deeply 3-lobed, toothed or fringed — 44.

43b. Lip not 3-lobed, but deeply fringed — 46.

44a. Flowers purple Purple Fringed Orchis, Habenaria psycodes.

44b. Flowers white or nearly so — 45.

45a. Spur 3 cm. long or more Prairie Fringed Orchis, Habenaria leucophaea.

45b. Spur 1-1.5 cm. long Ragged Fringed Orchis, Habenaria lacera.

46a. Flowers yellow Yellow Fringed Orchis, Habenaria ciliaris.

46b. Flowers white White Fringed Orchis, Habenaria blephariglottis.

PIPERACEAE, перечные семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными листьями и цветками без чашечки и венчика.

One species in Michigan, a marsh plant with heart-shape leaves and slender racemes of white flowers Lizard's Tail, Saururus cernuus.

SALICACEAE, ивовое семейство

Деревья или кустарники с двудомными цветками в сережках.

1a. Leaves less than twice as long as broad, on petioles 3 cm. long or more — 2.

1b. Leaves more than twice as long as broad, on petioles 2.5 cm. long or less. (The genus Salix, or Willow, contains about 30 species in Michigan, of which only the commoner are mentioned here. For the others the Manuals should be consulted.) — 8.

2a. Petioles strongly flattened laterally — 3.

2b. Petioles not flattened laterally — 6.

3a. Leaves broadly ovate or nearly circular — 4.

3b. Leaves broadly triangular or deltoid in shape — 5.

4a. Leaves coarsely toothed Large-toothed Aspen, Populus grandidentata.

4b. Leaves finely crenulate or serrate Quaking Aspen, Populus tremuloides.

5a. Tree with narrow spire-shape crown Lombardy Poplar, Populus nigra var. italica.

5b. Tree with spreading crown Cottonwood, Populus deltoides.

6a. Lower side of leaf densely tomentose White Poplar, Populus alba.

6b. Lower side of leaf glabrous or nearly so — 7.

7a. Petioles glabrous Balsam Poplar, Populus balsamifera.

7b. Petioles ciliate Balm of Gilead, Populus candicans.

8a. Trees — 9.

8b. Shrubs — 13.

9a. Petioles without glands — 10.

9b. Petioles with glands — 11.

10a. Petiole short (about 5 mm.), broad and flat Black Willow, Salix nigra.

10b. Petiole slender, about 10-20 mm. long Peach-leaved Willow, Salix amygdaloides.

11a. Leaves green beneath Crack Willow, Salix fragilis.

11b. Leaves pale beneath — 12.

12a. Branches and twigs conspicuously drooping Weeping Willow, Salix babylonica.

12b. Branches and twigs not conspicuously drooping, yellow Yellow Willow, Salix alba var. vitellina.

13a. Shrubs of bogs — 14.

13b. Plants of sand-dunes along the Great Lakes — 15.

13c. Plants of dry upland hills — 16.

13d. Plants of wet ground, river-banks, and swamps — 17.

14a. Leaves densely white-tomentose beneath Willow, Salix candida.

14b. Leaves pale beneath but not tomentose Willow, Salix serissima.

14c. Leaves glabrous and green beneath Willow, Salix pedicellaris.

15a. Leaves linear Willow, Salix longifolia.

15b. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, tomentose beneath Willow, Salix syrticola.

15c. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous Willow, Salix glaucophylla.

16a. Leaves about 3 times as long as broad Willow, Salix rostrata.

16b. Leaves narrower, nearly sessile Willow, Salix tristis.

16c. Leaves narrower, distinctly petioled Willow, Salix humilis.

17a. Leaves linear or nearly so Willow, Salix longifolia.

17b. Leaves shining Willow, Salix lucida.

17c. Leaves silky Willow, Salix sericea.

17d. Leaves not as in the preceding 3 species — 18.

18a. Leaves rounded at base Willow, Salix cordata.

18b. Leaves acute at base — 19.

19a. Leaves finely serrulate Willow, Salix petiolaris.

19b. Leaves remotely serrate or nearly entire Willow, Salix discolor.

MYRICACEAE, восковницевое семейство

Кустарники с однодомными или двудомными цветками в сережках и с ароматной листвой.

1a. Leaves pinnately lobed Sweet Fern, Myrica asplenifolia.

1b. Leaves merely serrate — 2.

2a. Shrub of sandy soil, shore of Lake Erie Bayberry, Myrica carolinensis.

2b. Shrub of bogs and shores, northern half of state Sweet Gale, Myrica gale.

JUGLANDACEAE, ореховое семейство

Деревья с очередными перисто-сложными листьями и цветками в сережках.

1a. Leaflets 11-23; pith divided by partitions into chambers — 2.

1b. Leaflets 5-11; pith not partitioned (Hickory) — 3.

2a. Pith brown; bark with flat longitudinal ridges Butternut, Juglans cinerea.

2b. Pith cream-color; bark of trunk without flat ridges Black Walnut, Juglans nigra.

3a. Bark of the trunk essentially smooth, not deeply furrowed or shaggy — 4.

3b. Bark of the trunk deeply furrowed or shaggy — 6.

4a. Leaflets glabrous beneath; buds greenish — 5.

4b. Leaflets somewhat pubescent beneath; buds bright yellow Bitter Nut, Carya cordiformis.

5a. Twigs hairy Small-fruited Hickory, Carya microcarpa.

5b. Twigs smooth Pignut Hickory, Carya glabra.

6a. Twigs and leaves both pubescent — 7.

6b. Twigs nearly smooth; leaves smooth beneath Shag-bark Hickory, Carya ovata.

7a. Twigs brownish; buds densely hairy Mocker-nut Hickory, Carya alba.

7b. Twigs orange; buds very slightly hairy King-nut Hickory, Carya laciniosa.

BETULACEAE, березовое семейство

Деревья или кустарники с очередными простыми листьями и незаметными однодомными цветками, тычиночные цветки в сережках, а пестичные — в сережках или мелких пучках.

1a. Trees, with white or yellowish bark exfoliating in thin papery plates or scales — 2.

1b. Tree or shrub, with smooth, dark gray bark; trunk fluted with prominent longitudinal ridges Hornbeam, Carpinus caroliniana.

1c. Trees or shrubs; the bark more or less roughened, but not exfoliating; trunk not fluted — 3.

2a. Bark white or chalky Paper Birch, Betula alba var. papyrifera.

2b. Bark yellowish Yellow Birch, Betula lutea.

3a. Shrubs, with leaves 4 cm. long or less — 4.

3b. Shrubs or trees, with leaves 5 cm. long or more — 5.

4a. Twigs glandular-warty Dwarf Birch, Betula glandulosa.

4b. Twigs not glandular Swamp Birch, Betula pumila.

5a. Twigs and bark with the odor of wintergreen Sweet Birch, Betula lenta.

5b. Twigs and bark without odor of wintergreen — 6.

6a. Fruit clusters woody, persistent on the plant for a long time — 7.

6b. Fruit clusters herbaceous, dropping in late autumn — 9.

7a. Leaves rusty or whitish beneath, and pubescent at least on the veins Speckled Alder, Alnus incana.

7b. Leaves green beneath, and either pubescent or smooth — 8.

8a. Leaves broadest at or below the middle Mountain Alder, Alnus crispa.

8b. Leaves broadest above the middle Smooth Alder, Alnus rugosa.

9a. Tree; fruit a cluster of bladder-like sacs each containing a small achene Ironwood, Ostrya virginiana.

9b. Shrubs; fruit a nut within a close-fitting involucre — 10.

10a. Involucre of 2 broad bracts, almost separate and not much longer than the fruit Hazel, Corylus americana.

10b. Involucre of united bracts, prolonged into a bristly beak beyond the fruit Beaked Hazel, Corylus rostrata.

FAGACEAE, буковое семейство

Деревья (или 1 вид кустарниковый) с очередными простыми листьями и однодомными цветками, тычиночные цветки в сережках, а пестичные — одиночные или в мелких пучках. Плод — орех (или желудь), заключенный в плюску или обертку.

1a. Leaves serrate with numerous sharp-pointed teeth — 2.

1b. Leaves serrate, lobed, or entire, but never serrate with sharp-pointed teeth; fruit an acorn; pith 5-angled in the young twigs (Oak) — 3.

2a. Bark gray, smooth; buds 3-4 times longer than wide; nut Beech, Fagus grandifolia.

2b. Bark rough; buds relatively thicker; nut rounded Chestnut, Castanea dentata.

3a. Leaves entire, except for a bristle at the tip Shingle Oak, Quercus imbricaria.

3b. Leaves toothed or lobed, the points bristle-tipped — 4.

3c. Leaves toothed or lobed, the points without bristles — 10.

4a. Leaves entire below the middle, with a few shallow lobes beyond Black Jack Oak, Quercus marilandica.

4b. Leaves deeply lobed throughout — 5.

5a. Cup of the acorn saucer-shape, covering less than one-third of the acorn — 6.

5b. Cup of the acorn hemispherical or top-shape, covering one-third or more of the acorn — 8.

6a. Length of the lateral leaf-lobes less than one-third the width of the leaf; acorn cup 2-2.5 cm. wide Red Oak, Quercus rubra.

6b. Length of the lateral leaf-lobes more than one-third the width of the leaf — 7.

7a. Acorn depressed-globose, about 1 cm. in diameter Pin Oak, Quercus palustris.

7b. Acorn ovoid, 1.5-2 cm. thick Schneck's Oak, Quercus schneckii.

8a. Leaves pubescent beneath Black Oak, Quercus velutina.

8b. Leaves glabrous beneath — 9.

9a. Buds glabrous; inner bark of the trunk yellow Hill's Oak, Quercus ellipsoidalis.

9b. Buds pubescent beyond the middle; inner bark of trunk red Scarlet Oak, Quercus coccinea.

10a. Leaves deeply pinnately lobed — 11.

10b. Leaves crenate, dentate, or sinuate, not lobed — 12.

11a. Leaf divided nearly to the middle by a pair of deep lateral lobes near the middle of the leaf; acorn more than half covered by the cup Bur Oak, Quercus macrocarpa.

11b. Leaf without a median pair of deeper lobes; acorn about one-fourth covered by the cup White Oak, Quercus alba.

12a. Leaves broadest at or near the middle, with numerous (8-13) sharp coarse teeth on each side Yellow Oak, Quercus muhlenbergii.

12b. Leaves broadest above the middle, with a few shallow, rounded or subacute teeth (7 or less on each side) — 13.

13a. Large tree; leaves densely white-tomentose beneath; acorn on a stalk 3-10 cm. long Swamp White Oak, Quercus bicolor.

13b. Shrub; leaves thinly white-tomentose beneath; acorn sessile or nearly so Scrub Oak, Quercus prinoides.

URTICACEAE, крапивное семейство

Травянистые растения или деревья с мелкими незаметными апетальными цветками.

1a. Trees or tall shrubs — 2.

1b. Herbs — 7.

2a. Leaves oblong-ovate to lanceolate, serrate — 3.

2b. Leaves broadly ovate to rotund, some of them lobed (Mulberry) — 6.

3a. Leaves thick, coarsely and doubly serrate, broadest near the middle (Elm) — 4.

3b. Leaves thin, simply serrate, broadest distinctly below the middle Hackberry, Celtis occidentalis.

4a. Some of the branches with flat corky wings; leaves smooth above Cork Elm, Ulmus racemosa.

4b. Branches without corky wings; leaves more or less rough above — 5.

5a. Petioles and axillary buds glabrous White Elm, Ulmus americana.

5b. Petioles and axillary buds pubescent with rusty hairs Slippery Elm, Ulmus fulva.

6a. Leaves rough above Red Mulberry, Morus rubra.

6b. Leaves smooth above White Mulberry, Morus alba.

7a. Leaves alternate — 8.

7b. Leaves opposite — 9.

8a. Leaves 2-5 cm. long, stems pubescent Pellitory, Parietaria pennsylvanica.

8b. Leaves 8-20 cm. long; stem armed with stinging hairs Wood Nettle, Laportea canadensis.

9a. Twining plant; leaves serrate or cleft Hop, Humulus lupulus.

9b. Erect plant; leaves palmately compound Hemp, Cannabis sativa.

9c. Erect plants; leaves not lobed or compound — 10.

10a. Stems armed with stinging hairs — 11.

10b. Stems glabrous or rough, but not with stinging hairs — 12.

11a. Leaves ovate, with a heart-shape base Stinging Nettle, Urtica dioica.

11b. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, not heart-shape at base Slender Nettle, Urtica gracilis.

12a. Stems glabrous, pellucid Clearweed, Pilea pumila.

12b. Stems rough, opaque False Nettle, Boehmeria cylindrica.

SANTALACEAE, сандаловое семейство

Низкорослые травянистые растения с очередными цельными листьями и верхушечными пучками мелких зеленовато-белых колокольчатых цветков без лепестков весной и в начале лета.

1a. Inflorescence of several-flowered clusters terminating the stem and in the upper axils Toad-flax, Comandra umbellata.

1b. Inflorescence of axillary clusters of 1-5 flowers Toad-flax, Comandra livida.

LORANTHACEAE, ремнецветные семейство

Паразитические растения, прикрепленные к ветвям деревьев.

One species in Michigan, a dwarf brown plant 5-20 mm. long, with minute scale-like leaves, growing on the branches of Black Spruce Dwarf Mistletoe, Arceuthobium pusillum.

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, кирказоновое семейство

Цветки зеленовато-коричневые или красновато-коричневые, у земли или близ нее, с нижней 6-гнездной завязью.

1a. Leaves alternate, on the stem; flowers on a basal scaly branch (1-4 dm. high; summer) Virginia Snakeroot, Aristolochia serpentaria.

1b. Leaves a single basal pair, bearing 1 short-stalked flower between them (spring)

(Wild Ginger) — 2.

2a. Lobes of the perianth ending in a tubular portion 5-8 mm. long Wild Ginger, Asarum canadense.

2b. Lobes of the perianth ending in a tubular portion over 1 cm. long Wild Ginger, Asarum canadense var. acuminatum.

2c. Lobes of the perianth triangular, not tubular at the end Wild Ginger, Asarum canadense var. reflexum.

POLYGONACEAE, гречишное семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными цельными листьями, раструбами, окружающими стебель выше основания каждого листа, и мелкими зелеными, белыми или розоватыми цветками без лепестков.

1a. Erect or ascending or prostrate or floating plants — 2.

1b. Scrambling or climbing plants, clinging by sharp recurved prickles on the 4-angled stems (flowers greenish or pink, summer) (Tear-thumb) — 32.

1c. Twining vines (flowers white or greenish, summer) — 33.

2a. Sepals 6, the 3 inner ones enlarging in fruit and surrounding the achenes; flowers in panicles — 3.

2b. Sepals 4 or 5 (occasional flowers may be found with 6 sepals, but the flowers are not in panicles) (summer) — 13.

3a. Leaves arrow-shape or halberd-shape, with 2 basal lobes (Sorrel) — 4.

3b. Leaves without basal lobes (Dock) — 5.

4a. Leaves halberd-shape, the basal lobes directed sidewise Red Sorrel, Rumex acetosella.

4b. Leaves arrow-shape, the basal lobes directed backward Green Sorrel, Rumex acetosa.

5a. The projecting wings of the fruiting calyx (known as valves) with sharp slender teeth Bitter Dock, Rumex obtusifolius.

5b. Valves entire or finely dentate, but without sharp slender teeth — 6.

6a. Pedicels straight, thickened toward the end, all regularly deflexed, 3-4 times longer than the fruiting calyx Swamp Dock, Rumex verticillatus.

6b. Pedicels slender, flexuous, spreading — 7.

7a. Leaves flat or nearly so — 8.

7b. Leaves with strongly crisped or wavy-curled margins; plants usually of cultivated grounds or waste places (5-10 dm., summer) — 12.

8a. With grain-like tubercles on all 3 valves of the fruit — 9.

8b. With grain-like tubercles on only one valve, or entirely lacking — 10.

9a. Valves broadly cordate, finely toothed Water Dock, Rumex brittanica.

9b. Valves triangular-ovate, entire or nearly so Dock, Rumex mexicanus.

10a. Valves oblong Bloody Dock, Rumex sanguineus.

10b. Valves broadly heart-shape — 11.

11a. Grain-like tubercle less than half as long as the valve Patience Dock, Rumex patientia.

11b. Grain-like tubercle more than half as long as the valve Tall Dock, Rumex altissimus.

12a. The grain-like tubercle on the valves of the fruit broadly ellipsoid, with rounded apex Sour Dock, Rumex crispus.

12b. Tubercle ovoid with tapering apex Sour Dock, Rumex elongatus.

13a. Flowers inconspicuous, in small axillary clusters; leaves jointed at the base (Knotweed) — 14.

13b. Flowers more or less conspicuous, in obvious spikes or racemes which terminate the stems or branches, or arise from the axils of the upper leaves — 18.

14a. Leaves sharply folded lengthwise (1-4 dm. tall) Knotweed, Polygonum tenue.

14b. Leaves flat or nearly so — 15.

15a. The small sepals pink or white at the margin (stems prostrate or ascending) — 16.

15b. Sepals greenish or yellowish throughout (stems erect or ascending) — 17.

16a. Leaves thin; common weed of dooryards and gardens Knotweed, Polygonum aviculare.

16b. Leaves thick and fleshy; a plant of sandy shores Knotweed, Polygonum aviculare var. littorale.

17a. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or linear-oblong; rare species Knotweed, Polygonum ramosissimum.

17b. Leaves broadly oblong, oval, or elliptical; common weed of yards and gardens Knotweed, Polygonum erectum.

18a. Leaves broadly triangular (3-7 dm. high; flowers white) Buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum.

18b. Leaves from linear to ovate or oblong — 19.

19a. Sepals 4; flowers in very long and slender spike-like racemes (4-10 dm. high) Knotweed, Polygonum virginianum.

19b. Sepals 5; flowers in spikes or racemes — 20.

20a. Flowers on slender pedicels, forming a loose raceme; leaves linear, jointed at the base (1-3 dm. high; flowers pink or white; chiefly near the Great Lakes) Jointweed, Polygonella articulata.

20b. Flowers sessile or nearly so, forming a spike or spike-like raceme — 21.

21a. Stipular sheaths at the base of the leaves ciliate at their upper margin — 22.

21b. Stipular sheaths not ciliate at the upper margin — 28.

22a. Sheaths with spreading borders — 23.

22b. Sheaths without a spreading border, appressed to the stem (Smartweed) — 24.

23a. Leaves ovate, acuminate; stem erect (1-2 m. high; flowers pink) Prince's Feather, Polygonum orientate.

23b. Leaves oblong, obtuse or subacute; spreading or ascending plant of wet soil Water Smartweed, Polygonum amphibium var. hartwrightii.

24a. Peduncles with glandular hairs (5-15 dm. high) Smartweed, Polygonum careyi.

24b. Peduncles not glandular (1-8 dm. high) (Smartweed) — 25.

25a. Sepals beset with minute black dots — 26.

25b. Sepals white, pink, or red, not black-dotted — 27.

26a. Racemes drooping or nodding at the tip; achene dull-colored Smartweed, Polygonum hydropiper.

26b. Racemes erect; achene smooth and shining Smartweed, Polygonum acre.

27a. Sheaths smooth; leaves usually with a dark spot near the base Smartweed, Polygonum persicaria.

27b. Sheaths hairy; leaves not dark-spotted Smartweed, Polygonum hydropiperoides.

28a. Leaves obtuse or somewhat acute at the apex — 29.

28b. Leaves acuminate at the apex (5-15 dm. high; flowers white to pink) (Smartweed) — 30.

29a. Stem unbranched, erect, bearing a single terminal raceme (5-30 cm. high; flowers pink) Bistort, Polygonum viviparum.

29b. Stem branched, submerged in water or creeping on muddy shores (flowers pink) Water Smartweed, Polygonum amphibium.

30a. Raceme single or two; leaves broadly ovate-lanceolate, about 3 times as long as wide Smartweed, Polygonum muhlenbergii.

30b. Racemes numerous; leaves lanceolate, 4-6 times as long as wide — 31.

31a. Racemes drooping or nodding at the tip Smartweed, Polygonum lapathifolium.

31b. Racemes erect Smartweed, Polygonum pennsylvanicum.

32a. Leaves arrow-shape, the basal lobes pointing backward Tear-thumb, Polygonum sagittatum.

32b. Leaves halberd-shape, the basal lobes pointing sidewise Tear-thumb, Polygonum arifolium.

33a. The three outer sepals becoming conspicuously winged in fruit (False Buckwheat) — 34.

33b. The sepals all unchanged in fruit, except in size (Black Bindweed) — 35.

34a. Wings of the fruit with wavy-curled margins False Buckwheat, Polygonum scandens.

34b. Wings of the fruit flat False Buckwheat, Polygonum dumetorum.

35a. Leaf-sheaths with a ring of bristles at the base Black Bindweed, Polygonum cilinode.

35b. Leaf-sheaths without a ring of bristles Black Bindweed, Polygonum convolvulus.

CHENOPODIACEAE, маревое семейство

Травянистые растения с незаметными зеленоватыми или розоватыми цветками без лепестков, летом.

1a. Leaves linear or nearly so, entire — 2.

1b. Leaves of a broader shape, usually toothed or lobed — 5.

2a. Leaves rather stiff, narrowly linear or thread-like, with spine-like tips Russian Thistle, Salsola kali var. tenuifolia.

2b. Leaves soft, not spine-like — 3.

3a. Widely branched, rather diffuse, 1-5 dm. tall; plant of the shore of the Great Lakes Bug-seed, Corispermum hyssopifolium.

3b. Erect plants with ascending branches — 4.

4a. Leaves glabrous (3-6 dm. tall) Goosefoot, Chenopodium leptophyllum.

4b. Leaves minutely ciliate on the margin (bushy branched, 5-10 dm. tall) Kochia, Kochia scoparia.

5a. Principal leaves with a broad truncate, rounded, or hastate base — 6.

5b. Principal leaves narrowed to the base — 12.

6a. Leaves broadly ovate, with 1-4 large sharp projecting teeth on each side Goosefoot, Chenopodium hybridum.

6b. Leaves hastate or triangular-ovate, entire or with many teeth — 7.

7a. Leaves entire or merely undulate — 8.

7b. Leaves sharply or sinuately toothed — 9.

8a. Stem erect, simple or sparingly branched Good King Henry, Chenopodium bonus-henricus.

8b. Stem diffuse or ascending, freely branched Orache, Atriplex patula.

9a. Flowers in small heads, in the axils or in terminal spikes; leaves sinuately toothed or nearly entire Strawberry Blite, Chenopodium capitatum.

9b. Flowers in terminal panicles; leaves sharply toothed (Goosefoot) — 10.

10a. Panicles short, not as long as the subtending leaves Goosefoot, Chenopodium murale.

10b. Panicles long, exceeding the subtending leaves — 11.

11a. Calyx green Goosefoot, Chenopodium urbicum.

11b. Calyx red Goosefoot, Chenopodium rubrum.

12a. Foliage glandular and strongly aromatic — 13.

12b. Foliage not glandular nor aromatic; sometimes ill-scented — 15.

13a. Flowers in large loose open spreading panicles; leaves deeply pinnatifid Jerusalem Oak, Chenopodium botrys.

13b. Flowers clustered in slender axillary or terminal spikes — 14.

14a. Spikes dense, leafy Mexican Tea, Chenopodium ambrosioides.

14b. Spikes open, nearly leafless Wormseed, Chenopodium ambrosioides var. anthelminticum.

15a. Stem erect, 5-20 dm. tall; leaves frequently white-mealy Lamb's Quarters, Chenopodium album.

15b. Stem prostrate or ascending, succulent; leaves glaucous-white beneath Goosefoot, Chenopodium glaucum.

15c. Stem widely and diffusely branched; leaves green, soon deciduous Cycloloma, Cycloloma atriplicifolium.

AMARANTHACEAE, амарантовое семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными листьями и незаметными зеленоватыми или розоватыми цветками без лепестков, которые пазушные или в плотных пучках, цветущие летом.

1a. Flower-clusters axillary — 2.

1b. Flower-clusters in terminal spikes or panicles, sometimes also axillary — 3.

2a. Plant prostrate or decumbent; seed about 1.5 mm. broad Pigweed, Amaranthus blitoides.

2b. Plant erect or ascending, widely branched; seeds about 1 mm. broad (3-10 dm. high) Tumble Weed, Amaranthus graecizans.

3a. Principal leaves with a pair of spines at their base Thorny Amaranth, Amaranthus spinosus.

3b. Spines none at the base of the leaves — 4.

4a. Weedy plants of cultivated or waste ground; flowers monoecious or polygamous; pistillate flowers with a calyx (Pigweed) — 5.

4b. Plants of swamps or stream-banks; flowers dioecious; pistillate flowers without calyx (Water Hemp) — 7.

5a. Spikes short, 1-8 cm. long, crowded in dense ovoid panicles; the terminal spike not conspicuously elongated beyond the appressed or ascending lower ones Pigweed, Amaranthus retroflexus.

5b. Spikes slender, 1-12 cm. long; the terminal spike greatly exceeding the short inconspicuous divergent lower ones — 6.

6a. Bracts subulate, sharply awned Pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus.

6b. Bracts merely acuminate Pigweed, Amaranthus paniculatus.

7a. Flowers in leafy spikes, or the lower in separate clusters Water Hemp, Acnida tuberculata.

7b. Flowers in separate distinct clusters Water Hemp, Acnida tuberculata var. subnuda.

PHYTOLACCACEAE, лаконосовое семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными цельными листьями, мелкими цветками без лепестков и многогнездной завязью.

One species in Michigan, 1-2 m. high, with numerous racemes of whitish flowers, in late summer, followed by dark-purple berries Pokeweed, Phytolacca decandra.

NYCTAGINACEAE, ночецветные семейство

Травянистые растения с супротивными цельными листьями и цветками в мелких пучках, окруженных широким открытым чашечковидным покрывалом; истинная чашечка окрашена наподобие венчика; лепестки отсутствуют (высотой 4–8 дм; цветки пурпурные, летом).

1a. Leaves lanceolate or narrower, sessile Umbrella-wort, Oxybaphus hirsutus.

1b. Leaves ovate, petioled Umbrella-wort, Oxybaphus nyctagineus.

ILLECEBRACEAE, иллецебровые семейство

Травянистые растения с супротивными цельными листьями и миниатюрными цветками без лепестков. (Простертые стелющиеся или сильно ветвистые растения высотой 3 дм или менее; цветки летом.)

1a. Stipules none; leaves slightly connate at base, subulate Knawel, Scleranthus annuus.

1b. Stipules present, but small; leaves elliptical or oval (Forked Chickweed) — 2.

2a. Stems pubescent; internodes seldom more than 1 cm. long Forked Chickweed, Anychia polygonoides.

2b. Stems smooth; internodes about 2 cm. long Forked Chickweed, Anychia canadensis.

AIZOACEAE, аизоовые семейство

Простертые травянистые растения с мутовчатыми листьями и мелкими беловатыми пазушными цветками без лепестков, летом.

One species in Michigan Carpet-weed, Mollugo verticillata.

CARYOPHYLLACEAE, гвоздичное семейство

Травянистые растения с супротивными или мутовчатыми цельными листьями и стеблями, часто утолщенными в узлах. Чашелистиков 4 или 5; лепестки раздельные, в числе, равном чашелистикам, или редко отсутствуют; тычинок вдвое больше, чем лепестков, у растений с заметными цветками, иногда меньше у растений с мелкими цветками; завязь 1-гнездная, с семязачатками на центральной колонке и с 2–5 столбиками.

1a. Calyx spreading, of separate sepals; flowers 15 mm. wide or less; petals sometimes none — 2.

1b. Calyx tubular, of united sepals; flowers in many species more than 15 mm. wide; petals always present — 22.

2a. Stipules present — 3.

2b. Stipules none — 4.

3a. Leaves opposite; flowers pink (about 1 dm. high; summer) Sand Spurrey, Spergularia rubra.

3b. Leaves whorled; flowers white (1-5 dm. high; leaves linear; summer) Spurrey, Spergula arvensis.

4a. Leaves subulate or thread-like — 5.

4b. Leaves linear to ovate — 7.

5a. Leaves opposite (1 dm. high or less; flowers white, summer) Pearlwort, Sagina procumbens.

5b. Leaves fascicled in the axils — 6.

6a. Styles 4 or 5 (1 dm. high; terminal white flowers 5 mm. wide, in summer) Pearlwort, Sagina nodosa.

6b. Styles 3 (1-4 dm. high; flowers white, nearly 1 cm. wide, summer) Stitchwort, Arenaria stricta.

7a. Petals entire (3 dm. high or less; flowers white, in summer) (Stitchwort) — 8.

7b. Petals notched or 2-cleft at the end, or none — 11.

8a. Principal leaves 1 cm. long or less — 9.

8b. Principal leaves 1.5 cm. long or more — 10.

9a. Petals half as long as the sepals Stitchwort, Arenaria leptoclados.

9b. Petals almost as long as the sepals Stitchwort, Arenaria serpyllifolia.

10a. Leaves oblong-oval, obtuse. Stitchwort, Arenaria lateriflora.

10b. Leaves lanceolate, acute. Stitchwort, Arenaria macrophylla.

11a. Capsule splitting by valves at maturity; styles usually 3 (Chickweed) — 12.

11b. Capsule opening by terminal teeth at maturity; styles usually 5 (tufted or matted plants, 1-5 dm. high; flowers white, in spring and summer) (Mouse-ear Chickweed) — 18.

12a. Petals distinctly shorter than the sepals, or none — 13.

12b. Petals as long as the sepals, or longer — 15.

13a. Leaves ovate (1-3 dm. high; flowers white, all summer) Chickweed, Stellaria media.

13b. Leaves lanceolate to oblong (in water or wet places, 1-4 dm. high; flowers white, in summer) — 14.

14a. Flowers in a leafy terminal branching cluster Chickweed, Stellaria borealis.

14b. Flowers in a lateral cluster with minute bracts Chickweed, Stellaria uliginosa.

15a. Flowers in clusters with leaf-like bracts, or axillary and solitary (in water or wet places; 1-3 dm. high; flowers white, summer) Chickweed, Stellaria crassifolia.

15b. Flowers in clusters with scale-like bracts — 16.

16a. Leaves distinctly linear; cymes lateral; a common species in marshes (2-5 dm. high; flowers white, early summer) Chickweed, Stellaria longifolia.

16b. Leaves distinctly broadest near the base; flower-cluster terminal — 17.

17a. Pedicels erect; clusters usually few-flowered; in extreme northern part of the state only (1-3 dm. high; flowers white, summer) Chickweed, Stellaria longipes.

17b. Pedicels spreading; clusters open, many-flowered (2-6 dm. high; flowers white, in summer) Chickweed, Stellaria graminea.

18a. Petals distinctly longer than the sepals — 19.

18b. Petals as long as the sepals, or shorter than them — 21.

19a. Flowers much less than 1 cm. wide Mouse-ear Chickweed, Cerastium nutans.

19b. Flowers more than 1 cm. wide — 20.

20a. Stem-leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate Mouse-ear Chickweed, Cerastium arvense.

20b. Stem-leaves oblong Mouse-ear Chickweed, Cerastium arvense var. oblongifolium.

21a. Bracts green; pedicels short and inflorescence crowded Mouse-ear Chickweed, Cerastium viscosum.

21b. Bracts with transparent white margins; pedicels longer than the calyx and inflorescence open Mouse-ear Chickweed, Cerastium vulgatum.

22a. Styles 5 — 23.

22b. Styles 3 (3-10 dm. high; flowers in summer) — 25.

22c. Styles 2 — 29.

23a. Calyx-teeth much longer than the calyx-tube (erect, 4-10 dm. high; flowers large, red, late summer) Corn Cockle, Agrostemma githago.

23b. Calyx-teeth shorter than the calyx-tube (4-10 dm. high; flowers in summer) — 24.

24a. Flowers crimson Mullein Pink, Lychnis coronaria.

24b. Flowers white or pink White Campion, Lychnis alba.

25a. Flowers night-blooming, always wilted during the day Catchfly, Silene noctiflora.

25b. Flowers open during the day — 26.

26a. Flowers 6 mm. wide or less, white or pink Catchfly, Silene antirrhina.

26b. Flowers 1-2 cm. wide, white to pink or purple — 27.

26c. Flowers 2 cm. wide or more, crimson Fire Pink, Silene virginica.

27a. Principal leaves in whorls of 4 Starry Campion, Silene stellata.

27b. Leaves opposite — 28.

28a. Calyx globular, much inflated or bladder-like Bladder Campion, Silene latifolia.

28b. Calyx club-shape, not inflated Sweet William Catchfly, Silene armeria.

29a. Leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, 5 mm. wide or less (flowers pink or white, in summer) — 30.

29b. Leaves lanceolate or ovate (flowers pink, white, or red, in summer) — 32.

30a. Flowers in terminal clusters; leaves hairy (2-4 dm. high) Deptford Pink, Dianthus armeria.

30b. Flowers solitary at the ends of long pedicels — 31.

31a. Flowers 3-4 mm. wide (1-2 dm. high) Gypsophyll, Gypsophila muralis.

31b. Flowers 1 cm. wide or more (1-5 dm. high) Meadow Pink, Dianthus deltoides.

32a. Flowers less than 1 cm. broad — 33.

32b. Flowers more than 1 cm. broad — 34.

33a. Flowers white, in large panicles (4-7 dm. high) Baby's Breath, Gypsophila paniculata.

33b. Flowers pale red, in loose clusters (4-10 dm. high) Cowherb, Saponaria vaccaria.

34a. Leaves with 3-5 prominent veins (4-7 dm. high) Soapwort, Saponaria officinalis.

34b. Leaves with one mid-vein (3-6 dm. high) Sweet William, Dianthus barbatus.

PORTULACACEAE, портулаковые семейство

Травянистые растения с супротивными или очередными листьями и правильными цветками с 2 чашелистиками, 5 лепестками и 1-гнездной завязью с 2 или 3 столбиками.

1a. Leaves a single pair on each stem (1-2 dm. high; flowers pink, in racemes in early spring) (Spring Beauty) — 2.

1b. Leaves numerous (prostrate or spreading; flowers in summer) — 3.

2a. Leaves lance-ovate to oblong, not more than six times as long as wide Spring Beauty, Claytonia caroliniana.

2b. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, more than six times as long as wide Spring Beauty, Claytonia virginica.

3a. Flowers yellow, about 5 mm. wide Purslane, Portulaca oleracea.

3b. Flowers 2-5 cm. wide Portulaca, Portulaca grandiflora.

CERATOPHYLLACEAE, роголистниковые семейство

Погруженные водные растения с мутовчатыми мелкорассеченными листьями и незаметными цветками без чашечки и венчика.

One species in Michigan Hornwort, Ceratophyllum demersum.

NYMPHAEACEAE, кувшинковые семейство

Водные растения с обычно крупными и плавающими листьями, которые круглые или эллиптические и пальчато-нервные.

1a. Floating and emersed leaves centrally peltate — 2.

1b. Leaves rounded but not peltate, with a deep sinus — 3.

2a. Leaves round, 3 dm. in diameter or more; flowers very large, pale yellow Lotus, Nelumbo lutea.

2b. Leaves oval, 5-15 cm. long; flowers small, purple Water Shield, Brasenia schreberi.

3a. Flowers yellow (Pond Lily) — 4.

3b. Flowers white or tinged with pink (Water Lily) — 5.

4a. Leaves more than 1 dm. long Pond Lily, Nymphaea advena.

4b. Leaves less than 1 dm. long Pond Lily, Nymphaea microphylla.

5a. Flowers very fragrant; leaves purplish beneath Water Lily, Castalia odorata.

5b. Flowers not fragrant; leaves green beneath Water Lily, Castalia tuberosa.

RANUNCULACEAE, лютиковые семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными (редко супротивными) листьями, едким водянистым соком, раздельными чашелистиками и лепестками, многочисленными тычинками и несколькими или многими (редко только 1) простыми пестиками. Лепестки присутствуют или отсутствуют, в последнем случае чашелистики обычно имеют вид лепестков.

1a. Climbing plants with opposite leaves (flowers in late summer) (Virgin's Bower) — 2.

1b. Aquatic plants with dissected submerged leaves (flowers in late spring and summer) (Water Crowfoot) — 3.

1c. Terrestrial or mud plants, not agreeing with 1a or 1b — 6.

2a. Flowers white, 2-3 cm. wide Virgin's Bower, Clematis virginiana.

2b. Flowers pink-purple, 5-8 cm. wide Virgin's Bower, Clematis verticillaris.

3a. Flowers white — 4.

3b. Flowers yellow — 5.

4a. Leaves rigid, not collapsing when removed from the water Water Crowfoot, Ranunculus circinatus.

4b. Leaves soft, collapsing when removed from the water Water Crowfoot, Ranunculus aquatilis var. capillaceus.

5a. Submerged leaves divided into hair-like segments Water Crowfoot, Ranunculus delphinifolius.

5b. Submerged leaves palmately divided into linear lobes Water Crowfoot, Ranunculus purshii.

6a. Flowers blue, irregular, with one spur (4-8 dm. high, summer) Larkspur, Delphinium ajacis.

6b. The five petals each prolonged into a spur; flowers showy (4-8 dm. tall) (Columbine) — 7.

6c. Flowers regular, without spurs — 8.

7a. Spurs nearly straight; flowers scarlet and yellow (spring) Wild Columbine, Aquilegia canadensis.

7b. Spurs strongly incurved; flowers blue or white (spring, early summer) Columbine, Aquilegia vulgaris.

8a. Flowers yellow — 9.

8b. Flowers of various colors, but never yellow — 28.

9a. Petals none; sepals petal-like; leaves crenate or dentate (2-4 dm. high, flowers in early spring) Cowslip, Caltha palustris.

9b. Petals small; sepals petal-like; leaves deeply palmately lobed (4-6 dm. tall; flowers in late spring) Globe-flower, Trollius laxus.

9c. Petals yellow; sepals green or yellowish — 10.

10a. Leaves linear to narrowly oblong, entire or with minute teeth (flowers 10-15 mm. wide, in summer) — 11.

10b. Leaves broader, some or all of them lobed or divided, or cordate-ovate and not lobed — 12.

11a. Stems ascending (4-8 dm. high), rooting at the lower joints; fruits pointed with a long slender beak Spearwort, Ranunculus laxicaulis.

11b. Stems prostrate and trailing, rooting at the joints; fruits tipped with a minute short beak Spearwort, Ranunculus flammula var. reptans.

12a. Basal leaves, or most of them, merely serrate or crenate, and not obviously lobed — 13.

12b. All the leaves lobed or divided — 16.

13a. Stem-leaves resembling the basal ones, and not lobed (1-2 dm. high; summer) Sea-side Crowfoot, Ranunculus cymbalaria.

13b. Stem-leaves deeply divided into oblong or linear segments — 14.

14a. Flowers 1.5 cm. wide or more (1-3 dm. high; spring) Buttercup, Ranunculus rhomboideus.

14b. Flowers 1 cm. wide or less (2-5 dm. high; spring) — 15.

15a. Foliage glabrous or minutely pubescent; basal leaves cordate Small-flowered Crowfoot, Ranunculus abortivus.

15b. Foliage villous; basal leaves barely cordate or not at all Small-flowered Crowfoot, Ranunculus micranthus.

16a. Stem erect or essentially so — 17.

16b. Stem prostrate, creeping, or ascending. Early in spring stems may be found which appear almost erect. Common spring-flowering buttercups are all classified here — 22.

17a. Flowers 2 cm. broad or larger (Buttercup) — 18.

17b. Flowers 1 cm. broad or smaller — 19.

18a. Terminal lobe of leaf stalked (2-5 dm. high, early summer) Buttercup, Ranunculus bulbosus.

18b. Terminal lobe of leaf sessile (5-10 dm. high; all summer) Buttercup, Ranunculus acris.

19a. Plant glabrous, succulent; stem hollow (1-5 dm. high; spring and summer) Cursed Crowfoot, Ranunculus sceleratus.

19b. Plant pubescent (Buttercup) — 20.

20a. Fruits tipped with a prominent recurved beak; plant of shady woods (2-6 dm. high; flowers in late spring) Buttercup, Ranunculus recurvatus.

20b. Fruits tipped with a straight or slightly curved beak; plants of marshes or wet soil (3-6 dm. high; flowers in summer) — 21.

21a. Fruits in a short-cylindric head on a conical receptacle Buttercup, Ranunculus pennsylvanicus.

21b. Fruits in a globose or short-ovoid head, on an obovoid receptacle Buttercup, Ranunculus macounii.

22a. Leaves dissected into numerous linear or narrowly wedge-shape divisions; plants growing in water or very wet places (late spring and summer) Water Crowfoot, Ranunculus delphinifolius.

22b. Leaves palmately lobed, the terminal division not definitely stalked — 23.

22c. Leaves compound, some or all of the divisions on definite stalks (Buttercup) — 24.

23a. Stem-leaves numerous (1-2 dm. tall; late spring and summer) Crowfoot, Ranunculus purshii.

23b. Stem-leaves one or none, the principal leaves all basal (about 1 dm. high; flowers in summer) Buttercup, Ranunculus lapponicus.

24a. Style short, obviously curved — 25.

24b. Style long and slender, straight or nearly so (common spring-flowering buttercups, 2-5 dm. high) — 26.

25a. Stems creeping; flowers 2 cm. wide or more (spring) Buttercup, Ranunculus repens.

25b. Stems ascending; flowers 1.5 cm. wide or less (3-6 dm. high; summer) Buttercup, Ranunculus macounii.

26a. The two lateral divisions of the leaf sessile or nearly so Buttercup, Ranunculus fascicularis.

26b. The two lateral divisions of the leaf on long stalks — 27.

27a. Roots fibrous; plants of wet soil Buttercup, Ranunculus septentrionalis.

27b. Roots thickened; plants of dry woods or thickets Buttercup, Ranunculus hispidus.

28a. Leaves dissected into numerous narrowly linear acute divisions (4-7 dm. high; flowers large, bluish, in summer) Love-in-a-mist, Nigella damascena.

28b. Leaves lobed or divided, but the divisions not separated by definite stalks — 29.

28c. Leaves truly compound, all their divisions separated by distinct stalks — 39.

29a. Leaves all basal, their lobes (usually 3) entire (1-2 dm. high; flowers pink-purple, in earliest spring) (Hepatica) — 30.

29b. Lobes of the leaf serrate or incised — 31.

30a. Lobes of the leaf obtuse or rounded Hepatica, Hepatica triloba.

30b. Lobes of the leaf acute Hepatica, Hepatica acutiloba.

31a. Petals none; sepals 3, usually falling away as soon as the flower opens (2-4 dm. high; flowers greenish-white, in spring) Golden Seal, Hydrastis canadensis.

31b. Petals none; sepals petal-like, 4 or more (Anemone) — 32.

31c. Petals present, but much smaller than the 5 petal-like sepals — 38.

32a. Stem-leaves sessile or nearly so — 33.

32b. Stem-leaves on definite petioles — 35.

33a. Ovary tipped with a long slender hairy style; flowers bluish-purple (1-4 dm. high; early spring) Pasque Flower, Anemone patens var. wolfgangiana.

33b. Ovary with a short style, densely woolly; flowers red, greenish, or white (1-4 dm. high; late spring and summer) — 34.

33c. Ovary tipped with a short style, glabrous or nearly so; flowers white (4-7 dm. high; late spring and early summer) Anemone, Anemone canadensis.

34a. Stem 1-flowered, sepals white Anemone, Anemone parviflora.

34b. Stem 3-flowered; sepals usually red Anemone, Anemone multifida.

35a. Achenes densely woolly; flowers appearing in summer — 36.

35b. Achenes merely pubescent; stems 1-flowered; woodland species blooming in early spring (1-2 dm. high; flowers white) Wood Anemone, Anemone quinquefolia.

36a. Segments of the leaf broadly wedge-shape or ovate; flowers white (4-8 dm. high) — 37.

36b. Segments of the leaf linear-oblong; flower red, greenish, or white; plants growing on the shores of the Great Lakes Anemone, Anemone multifida.

37a. Segments of the basal leaves wedge-lanceolate; head of fruit cylindric Anemone, Anemone cylindrica.

37b. Segments of the basal leaves ovate-lanceolate; head of fruit ovoid or oblong Anemone, Anemone virginiana.

38a. Stem-leaves present — 9b.

38b. Leaves all basal (1-2 dm. high; leaves 3-divided; flowers white, in early summer) Gold-thread, Coptis trifolia.

39a. Flowers numerous, in branching panicles (Meadow Rue) — 40.

39b. Flowers numerous, in racemes — 43.

39c. Flowers solitary or few, in loose clusters; woodland plants blooming in early spring (1-3 dm. high; flowers white to purple) — 45.

40a. Blooming in spring; stem-leaves with obvious petioles (3-7 dm. high; flowers white or greenish) Meadow Rue, Thalictrum dioicum.

40b. Blooming in late spring or summer, stem-leaves sessile or nearly so (8-15 dm. high; flowers white) — 41.

41a. Filaments club-shape, approximately as wide as the anther Meadow Rue, Thalictrum polygamum.

41b. Filaments slender or thread-like — 42.

42a. Leaves minutely pubescent beneath, but not glandular Meadow Rue, Thalictrum dasycarpum.

42b. Leaves minutely glandular beneath Meadow Rue, Thalictrum revolutum.

43a. Racemes slender, 10-90 cm. long (8-15 dm. high; flowers white, in summer) Bugbane, Cimicifuga racemosa.

43b. Racemes short and stout, 3-8 cm. long (4-8 dm. high; flowers white, in late spring) (Baneberry) — 44.

44a. Berries white; pedicels strongly thickened at maturity Baneberry, Actaea alba.

44b. Berries red; pedicels slender Baneberry, Actaea rubra.

45a. Flowers white; stem-leaves alternate Isopyrum, Isopyrum biternatum.

45b. Flowers white to pink or purplish; stem-leaves whorled Rue Anemone, Anemonella thalictroides.

MAGNOLIACEAE, магнолиевые семейство

Деревья или кустарники с очередными листьями и крупными, часто броскими цветками.

One species in Michigan, with broad 4-lobed leaves and greenish-yellow flowers in late spring Tulip Tree, Liriodendron tulipifera.

ANONACEAE, аноновые семейство

Trees or shrubs, with alternate simple entire leaves, 3 sepals, and 6 petals.

One species in Michigan; tall shrub or small tree, with obovate leaves and large dull-purple flowers in spring Papaw, Asimina triloba.

MENISPERMACEAE, луносемянниковые семейство

Древесные лианы с очередными листьями, 6–8 лепестками и многочисленными тычинками.

One species in Michigan, with 5-7-angled leaves which are peltate near the edge, and small white flowers in early summer Moonseed, Menispermum canadense.

BERBERIDACEAE, барбарисовые семейство

Кустарники или травянистые растения; лепестков 6 или более; тычинок 6–18, часто открывающихся двумя верхушечными створками; пестик 1.

1a. Leaves simple — 2.

1b. Leaves compound — 3.

2a. Stem shrubby (flowers yellow, in racemes, in spring) Barberry, Berberis vulgaris.

2b. Stem herbaceous, with a single pair of palmately lobed leaves (4-6 dm. tall; flower white, solitary, terminal, in spring) May Apple, Podophyllum peltatum.

3a. Leaves all basal; leaflets 2 (2-4 dm. high; the flower-stalks bearing solitary white flowers in spring) Twin-leaf, Jeffersonia diphylla.

3b. The stem-leaf ternately compound, with numerous leaflets (4-8 dm. high; with yellowish-green clustered flowers in spring) Blue Cohosh, Caulophyllum thalictroides.

LAURACEAE, лавровые семейство

Деревья или кустарники с ароматным вкусом или запахом и очередными простыми листьями; цветки мелкие, однополые, пыльники открываются створками.

1a. Freely branched shrub; leaves obovate-oblong, entire (flowers yellow, in early spring, before the leaves) Spice Bush, Benzoin aestivale.

1b. Tree or tall shrub; some or all of the leaves 2-3-lobed (flowers greenish-yellow, appearing with the leaves) Sassafras, Sassafras variifolium.

PAPAVERACEAE, маковые семейство

Herbs with milky or colored juice, regular flowers, 2 sepals, 4, 6, or 8 petals, numerous stamens, and a 1-celled ovary.

1a. Leaves palmately lobed; flower 2.5-5 cm. wide, with 8 petals or more (leaf basal; flower white, in early spring) Bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis.

1b. Leaves pinnately toothed or lobed; flower 7-10 cm. wide, with 4-6 petals (4-8 cm. high; leaves clasping; summer) Poppy, Papaver somniferum.

1c. Leaves divided pinnately to the mid-rib into several toothed or lobed segments; flower 2.5 cm. broad or less (3-5 cm. high; flowers yellow) — 2.

2a. Flowers in clusters of 2-4, about 3 cm. wide (spring) Celandine Poppy, Stylophorum diphyllum.

2b. Flowers in umbels of 3-8, about 1.5 cm. wide Celandine, Chelidonium majus.

FUMARIACEAE, дымянковые семейство

Травянистые растения с водянистым соком, сложными или рассеченными листьями и неправильными цветками; чашелистиков 2, мелких; лепестков 4, в двух парах, и одна или обе пары наружных имеют шпорец у основания; тычинок 6.

1a. Both outer petals spurred or sack-like at the base — 2.

1b. One outer petal spurred or sack-like at the base — 4.

2a. A climbing vine with flowers in panicles (white or pinkish flowers in summer) Climbing Fumitory, Adlumia fungosa.

2b. Low herbs (2-4 cm.) with basal leaves and white or pinkish flowers in racemes (early spring) — 3.

3a. Spurs of the corolla triangular, divergent Dutchman's Breeches, Dicentra cucullaria.

3b. Spurs of the corolla short and rounded Squirrel Corn, Dicentra canadensis.

4a. Flowers about 5 mm. long, pink-purple tipped with red (3-8 dm. high; summer) Fumitory, Fumaria officinalis.

4b. Flowers 10 mm. long or more, yellow, at least at the tip (2-6 dm. high) (Corydalis) — 5.

5a. Flowers yellow throughout (spring) Corydalis, Corydalis aurea.

5b. Flowers pink, tipped with yellow (summer). Corydalis, Corydalis sempervirens.

CRUCIFERAE, крестоцветные семейство

Травянистые растения с очередными, часто лопастными или рассеченными листьями и правильными цветками, обычно в кистях; чашелистиков и лепестков по 4, тычинок 6, из них 4 длинных и 2 коротких (или редко только 2), завязь 1.

1a. Petals yellow or yellowish — 2.

1b. Petals white, pink, or purple, never yellow — 29.

2a. Leaves simple, entire or dentate, never lobed — 3.

2b. Leaves deeply lobed or compound (the bracteal leaves, at or near the flower-clusters, may be simple and unlobed) — 10.

3a. Leaves clasping the stem — 4.

3b. Leaves not clasping at base — 6.

4a. Clasping base and apex of leaf obtuse or rounded; pod very long and slender (3-8 dm. high; summer) Hare's Ear, Conringia orientalis.

4b. Clasping base and apex of leaf acute; pod obovoid (3-7 dm. high; early summer) (False Flax) — 5.

5a. Stem and leaves glabrous False Flax, Camelina sativa.

5b. Leaves and usually the stem pubescent False Flax, Camelina microcarpa.

6a. Flowers about 2 mm. wide (1-3 dm. high; flowers in summer) — 7.

6b. Flowers 5 mm. wide or more (2-6 dm. high; flowers in summer) — 8.

7a. Leaves about twice as long as broad, widest near or below the middle Whitlow Grass, Draba nemorosa.

7b. Leaves 3-5 times as long as broad, widest above the middle Yellow Alyssum, Alyssum alyssoides.

8a. Leaves lanceolate, gradually tapering to the base; flowers about 15 mm. wide Sand Rocket, Diplotaxis muralis.

8b. Leaves ovate, acute at base; flowers about 15 mm. wide — 22a.

8c. Leaves entire or minutely toothed; flowers 5-10 mm. wide — 9.

9a. Pods 25 mm. long or less, on slender pedicels about 8 mm. long Worm-seed Mustard, Erysimum cheiranthoides.

9b. Pods 20 mm. long or more, on stout pedicels about 4 mm. long Worm-seed Mustard, Erysimum parviflorum.

10a. Leaves bipinnate or dissected into very numerous divisions (3-8 dm. high; flowers in summer) — 11.

10b. Leaves simply pinnate — 13.

11a. Flowers about 5 mm. broad; pods about 20 mm. long by 1 mm. broad Herb Sophia, Sisymbrium sophia.

11b. Flowers about 3 mm. broad; pods about 8 mm. long by 2 mm. wide (Tansy Mustard) — 12.

12a. Stems gray with a close fine pubescence Tansy Mustard, Sisymbrium canescens.

12b. Stems green Tansy Mustard, Sisymbrium canescens var. brachycarpon.

13a. Pod short, not more than 3 times as long as wide (coarse plants, preferring wet or sandy ground; flowers in summer) (Yellow Cress) — 14.

13b. Pod elongated, more than 4 times as long as wide — 17.

14a. Stems creeping, with erect or ascending branches; flowers about 8 mm. wide Yellow Cress, Radicula sylvestris.

14b. Stems erect or ascending (3-10 dm. high); flowers about 4 mm. wide — 15.

15a. Pods about twice as long as the pedicels Yellow Cress, Radicula obtusa.

15b. Pods about as long as the pedicels, or shorter than them — 16.

16a. Plant glabrous or minutely pubescent Yellow Cress, Radicula palustris.

16b. Plant hirsute Yellow Cress, Radicula palustris var. hispida.

17a. Petals 7 mm. long or more; pod terminating in a conspicuous beak (coarse, weedy plants, 3-12 dm. high, blooming in summer) — 18.

17b. Petals of smaller size; pod not terminating in a conspicuous beak — 24.

18a. Upper stem-leaves clasping at the base Rutabaga, Brassica campestris.

18b. Upper stem-leaves not clasping — 19.

19a. Pod tipped with a slender cylindrical beak whose base is much narrower than the pod — 20.

19b. Pod gradually narrowed at its tip into a stout, flattened or angled beak — 22.

20a. Leaves oblanceolate, rather regularly pinnatifid, the terminal segment about the same size as the lateral ones Sand Rocket, Diplotaxis muralis.

20b. Leaves broad, irregularly pinnatifid especially below the middle, with a large terminal segment — 21.

21a. Beak of pod 3-4 mm. long Black Mustard, Brassica nigra.

21b. Beak of pod 5 mm. long or more Indian Mustard, Brassica juncea.

22a. Leaves dentate or lobed Charlock, Brassica arvensis.

22b. Leaves deeply pinnatifid — 23.

23a. Pod dehiscent when ripe by two valves, tipped with a flat or angled beak White Mustard, Brassica alba.