«Растения Мичигана: Простые определители местных семенных растений штата»

52b. Flowers in racemes or spikes, or solitary — 53.

53a. Leaves deeply pinnatifid; swamp plants with flowers in spikes or solitary HALORAGIDACEAE, p. 79.

53b. Leaves lobed, or irregularly pinnately cut or dissected; weedy plants with flowers in racemes 2, in COMPOSITAE, p. 114.

54a. Juice milky 3, in EUPHORBIACEAE, p. 67.

54b. Juice not milky or colored — 55.

55a. Leaves whorled — 56.

55b. Leaves all opposite — 58.

56a. Aquatic or mud plants with erect stems 2a, in HALORAGIDACEAE, p. 79.

56b. Prostrate weedy terrestrial plants AIZOACEAE, p. 31.

56c. Erect or ascending terrestrial plants — 57.

57a. Leaves more than 2.5 cm. long 4a, in CORNACEAE, p. 83.

57b. Leaves 2 cm. long or less 3a, in PRIMULACEAE, p. 87.

58a. Flowers in terminal or axillary spikes, racemes, or other clusters — 59.

58b. Flowers solitary or few in the axils of the leaves — 61.

59a. Leaves less than 5 mm. long 1a, in GENTIANACEAE, p. 88.

59b. Leaves more than 2 cm. long — 60.

60a. Inflorescence chiefly terminal, panicled 2, in COMPOSITAE, p. 114.

60b. Inflorescence chiefly axillary URTICACEAE, p. 23.

61a. Flowers on long pedicels 2, in CARYOPHYLLACEAE, p. 31.

61b. Flowers on short pedicels or sessile — 62.

62a. Stem erect, repeatedly branched; leaves linear to oblong ILLECEBRACEAE, p. 31.

62b. Stem decumbent or prostrate — 63.

63a. Leaves round, ovate, or kidney-shape, rounded at the base, crenate or lobed 12a, in SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 50.

63b. Leaves of a narrower shape, entire, tapering toward the base — 64.

64a. Principal leaves 2-3 cm. long 1a, in ONAGRACEAE, p. 78.

64b. Principal leaves 1 cm. long or less — 65.

65a. Petals present ELATINACEAE, p. 74.

65b. Petals none CALLITRICHACEAE, p. 68.

— 66—

66a. Plants of the composite type, with several or many small flowerets closely aggregated into a dense head surrounded or subtended by a calyx-like involucre of small bracts — 67.

66b. Flowers solitary or variously clustered, but not in involucred heads — 70.

67a. Involucre of 4 conspicuous white bracts, much larger than the small flower-cluster 4a, in CORNACEAE, p. 83.

67b. Involucral bracts green or somewhat colored — 68.

68a. Stem more or less prickly DIPSACACEAE, p. 112.

68b. Stem and leaves not prickly — 69.

69a. Stem square; foliage aromatic when crushed LABIATAE, p. 95.

69b. Stem not square; foliage not with the odor of mint COMPOSITAE, p. 113.

70a. The conspicuous portion of the perianth[1] composed of separate parts — 71.

70b. The conspicuous portion of the perianth[1] composed of united parts — 97.

71a. Stem-leaves compound, or cleft to the very base — 72.

71b. Stem-leaves simple — 78.

72a. Stamens more than 10 in each flower — 73.

72b. Stamens 5-10 in each flower — 75.

73a. Ovary 1 in each flower 2a, in PAPAVERACEAE, p. 41.

73b. Ovaries several in each flower — 74.

74a. Leaves pinnately compound 68a, in ROSACEAE, p. 57.

74b. Leaves palmately compound RANUNCULACEAE, p. 35.

75a. Stamens 6 31, in CRUCIFERAE, p. 44.

75b. Stamens 5 or 10 — 76.

76a. Leaflets reverse heart-shape; flowers yellow OXALIDACEAE, p. 64.

76b. Leaflets not reverse heart-shape; flowers white, greenish, or pink — 77.

77a. Flowers greenish or white, about 2 mm. broad ARALIACEAE, p. 80.

77b. Flowers 5 mm. broad or larger GERANIACEAE, p. 64.

78a. Juice milky — 79.

78b. Juice not milky — 80.

79a. A 3-lobed ovary with 3 short styles visible in some of the flowers EUPHORBIACEAE, p. 66.

79b. Ovaries 2 in the center of each flower (sometimes concealed by other organs); sepals and petals each 5 — 104.

80a. Perianth with one circle of parts only — 81.

80b. Each flower with both calyx and corolla — 82.

81a. Stem prostrate; flowers only 2 mm. broad AIZOACEAE, p. 31.

81b. Stem erect; flowers at least 20 mm. wide 4a, in CORNACEAE, p. 83.

82a. Petals 2 or 4 — 83.

82b. Petals 3 22, in LILIACEAE, p. 12.

82c. Petals 5 or 6 — 84.

83a. Leaves with 3-5 principal veins MELASTOMACEAE, p. 77.

83b. Leaves with 1 principal mid-vein ONAGRACEAE, p. 78.

84a. Leaves palmately lobed — 85.

84b. Leaves entire or toothed, or with 1-2 small lobes near the base only — 86.

85a. Petals entire or notched at the end GERANIACEAE, p. 64.

85b. Petals conspicuously fringed 23b, in SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 51.

86a. Ovary 1 — 87.

86b. Ovaries 2, surrounded and concealed by other organs ASCLEPIADACEAE, p. 90.

86c. Ovaries 4-5 2b, in CRASSULACEAE, p. 48.

87a. Leaves dotted with translucent dots (easily seen when the leaf is held to the light) HYPERICACEAE, p. 73.

87b. Leaves not dotted with translucent dots — 88.

88a. Leaves only 1-3 mm. long, closely appressed and concealing the stem 2a, in CISTACEAE, p. 74.

88b. Leaves larger, not concealing the stem — 89.

89a. Style 1 or none — 90.

89b. Styles 2 to 7 — 94.

90a. Stamens 5 — 91.

90b. Stamens 10 — 92.

90c. Stamens neither 5 nor 10 — 93.

91a. Flowers blue, sessile in terminal spikes with leaf-like bracts LYTHRACEAE, p. 77.

91b. Flowers not in terminal bracted spikes PRIMULACEAE, p. 87.

92a. Leaves entire LYTHRACEAE, p. 77.

92b. Leaves toothed or crenate ERICACEAE, p. 84.

93a. Flowers irregular; petals 3 POLYGALACEAE, p. 65.

93b. Flowers regular; petals 5 or more LYTHRACEAE, p. 77.

94a. Sepals 2, partly attached to the ovary PORTULACACEAE, p. 34.

94b. Sepals 5, free from the ovary — 95.

95a. Stamens 5 — 96.

95b. Stamens not 5 CARYOPHYLLACEAE, p. 31.

96a. Flowers blue or yellow LINACEAE, p. 63.

96b. Flowers white or pinkish CARYOPHYLLACEAE, p. 31.

— 97—

97a. Perianth with but one circle of floral leaves — 98.

97b. Perianth consisting of both calyx and corolla — 101.

98a. Flowers small, in dense heads subtended by conspicuous bracts — 99.

98b. Flowers 2-5, in a colored spreading 5-lobed involucre NYCTAGINACEAE, p. 31.

98c. Flowers in various sorts of clusters or solitary, but never in heads with a conspicuous involucre — 100.

99a. Bracts 4, white and conspicuous; stem not thorny 4a, in CORNACEAE, p. 83.

99b. Bracts green; stem thorny DIPSACACEAE, p. 112.

100a. Stamens 3 VALERIANACEAE, p. 111.

100b. Stamens 4 or 5 RUBIACEAE, p. 108.

101a. Anthers more numerous than the lobes of the corolla — 102.

101b. Anthers just as many as the lobes of the corolla — 103.

101c. Anthers fewer than the lobes of the corolla — 110.

102a. Leaves simple POLYGALACEAE, p. 65.

102b. Leaves compound with 3 leaflets OXALIDACEAE, p. 64.

102c. Leaves finely dissected; stems climbing 2a, in FUMARIACEAE, p. 41.

103a. Ovaries 2 — 104.

103b. Ovary 1, but very deeply 4-lobed, with a single style LABIATAE, p. 95.

103c. Ovary 1, not deeply lobed — 105.

104a. Stamens united, surrounding and more or less concealing the ovaries, and not resembling ordinary stamens ASCLEPIADACEAE, p. 90.

104b. Stamens separate, of ordinary structure APOCYNACEAE, p. 90.

105a. Ovary inferior, appearing as a swelling below the calyx at the apex of the pedicel — 106.

105b. Ovary superior, located in the center of the flower — 107.

106a. Corolla 3-4-lobed RUBIACEAE, p. 108.

106b. Corolla 5-lobed 3b, in CAPRIFOLIACEAE, p. 109.

107a. Leaves toothed or deeply cut VERBENACEAE, p. 99.

107b. Leaves entire — 108.

108a. A stamen in front of the middle of each petal PRIMULACEAE, p. 87.

108b. Stamens located between the petals or lobes of the corolla, or else so far down in the tubular corolla that their position is not easily ascertained — 109.

109a. Corolla salver-form, with a very slender tube, and abruptly spreading lobes POLEMONIACEAE, p. 92.

109b. Corolla salver-form, with a wide tube and fringed blue petals GENTIANACEAE, p. 88.

109c. Corolla rotate, funnel-form, or bell-shape GENTIANACEAE, p. 88.

110a. Ovary deeply 4-lobed, appearing like 4 separate ovaries; style 1 LABIATAE, p. 95.

110b. Ovary not 4-lobed — 111.

111a. Stamens 2 — 112.

111b. Stamens 3 VALERIANACEAE, p. 111.

111c. Stamens 4 — 113.

112a. Flowers in dense heads 1a, in ACANTHACEAE, p. 107.

112b. Flowers solitary or in loose clusters SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 101.

113a. Corolla distinctly 2-lipped and irregular — 114.

113b. Corolla not distinctly 2-lipped, its 5 lobes all alike or nearly so — 115.

114a. Calyx 2-lipped; the upper lip with 3 awl-shape teeth, the lower with 2 short teeth; flowers in slender terminal spikes PHRYMACEAE, p. 107.

114b. Calyx not obviously 2-lipped, its teeth equal or nearly so SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 101.

115a. Flowers sessile or nearly so, in spikes — 116.

115b. Flowers in nodding pairs at the top of a slender stalk 3a, in CAPRIFOLIACEAE, p. 109.

115c. Flowers solitary or in clusters; not in spikes or nodding pairs — 117.

116a. Corolla not over 1 cm. long VERBENACEAE, p. 99.

116b. Corolla 1.5 cm. long or more SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 101.

117a. Calyx-lobes 15-25 mm. long; flowers blue, 3-5 cm. long; calyx without an obvious tube 2, in ACANTHACEAE, p. 107.

117b. Calyx-lobes united below into an obvious calyx-tube SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 101.

— 118—

118a. Leaves deeply lobed, compound, or dissected — 119.

118b. Leaves simple and not deeply lobed — 129.

119a. Leaves once-pinnately compound or lobed — 120.

119b. Leaves once-palmately compound or lobed — 124.

119c. Leaves dissected or 2-3 times compound — 125.

120a. Leaves merely lobed — 121.

120b. Leaves actually compound — 123.

121a. Flowers axillary; marsh or swamp plants HALORAGIDACEAE, p. 79.

121b. Flowers in terminal clusters — 122.

122a. Stamens 2-6; taste mustard-like 52b, in CRUCIFERAE, p. 46.

122b. Stamens 10 or more RESEDACEAE, p. 48.

123a. Leaflets entire LIMNANTHACEAE, p. 68.

123b. Leaflets serrate 70a, in ROSACEAE, p. 57.

124a. Flowers solitary 31a, in RANUNCULACEAE, p. 38.

124b. Flowers in dense terminal umbels or heads UMBELLIFERAE, p. 80.

124c. Flowers in terminal racemes 2a, in COMPOSITAE, p. 114.

124d. Flowers in axillary spikes or panicles 9b, in URTICACEAE, p. 24.

125a. Leaves merely dissected, not truly compound with distinct leaflets — 126.

125b. Leaves truly compound, with distinct petiolate leaflets — 127.

126a. Flowers in axillary clusters CHENOPODIACEAE, p. 28.

126b. Flowers in terminal clusters COMPOSITAE, p. 113.

127a. Stamens 5; flowers in umbels — 128.

127b. Stamens 6; flowers in small clusters 3b, in BERBERIDACEAE, p. 40.

127c. Stamens many; flowers in racemes or panicles RANUNCULACEAE, p. 35.

128a. Styles 5 ARALIACEAE, p. 80.

128b. Styles 2 UMBELLIFERAE, p. 80.

129a. Flowers in dense cottony heads; plants more or less white-woolly 79, in COMPOSITAE, p. 120.

129b. Pistillate flowers in an ovoid spiny involucre, ripening into a bur 3a, in COMPOSITAE, p. 114.

129c. Flowers minute, subtended by palmately cleft axillary bracts 1a, in EUPHORBIACEAE, p. 66.

129d. Plants without any of the preceding characters — 130.

130a. Plants with milky or colored juice 10, in EUPHORBIACEAE, p. 67.

130b. Plants with tendrils, at least on the upper leaves 4a, in LILIACEAE, p. 11.

130c. Plants of nettle-like character, with stinging hairs 8b, in URTICACEAE, p. 24.

130d. Plants with sheathing stipules, surrounding the stem above the base of each leaf POLYGONACEAE, p. 25.

130e. Plants with smooth, pale, juicy, almost translucent stems 12a, in URTICACEAE, p. 24.

130f. Plants without any of the preceding structures or habits — 131.

131a. Flowers axillary, solitary or in few-flowered clusters — 132.

131b. Flowers in terminal, or terminal and axillary clusters — 138.

132a. Leaves linear CHENOPODIACEAE, p. 28.

132b. Leaves of a broader shape than linear — 133.

133a. Flower-clusters with bracts as long as or longer than the flowers — 134.

133b. Flowers without conspicuous bracts — 135.

134a. Leaves broadest below the middle 8a, in URTICACEAE, p. 24.

134b. Leaves broadest above the middle 2, in AMARANTHACEAE, p. 30.

135a. Principal leaves 3 cm. long or more — 136.

135b. Principal leaves 2.5 cm. long or less — 137.

136a. Flowers nodding in the axils of the leaves 1a, in VIOLACEAE, p. 75.

136b. Flowers erect in the axils 2a, in ONAGRACEAE, p. 78.

137a. Leaves narrowly oblong 1a, in HALORAGIDACEAE, p. 79.

137b. Leaves roundish and somewhat heart-shape 12a, in SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 50.

138a. Flowers in racemes or simple spikes — 139.

138b. Flowers in panicles or other branched clusters — 141.

139a. Leaves toothed or lobed 52b, in CRUCIFERAE, p. 46.

139b. Leaves entire — 140.

140a. Flowers sessile; leaves heart-shape PIPERACEAE, p. 19.

140b. Flowers pedicelled; leaves obovate 8b, in PRIMULACEAE, p. 87.

141a. Individual flowers distinct from each other, on pedicels — 142.

141b. Individual flowers crowded in close clusters, or separate and sessile — 143.

142a. Leaves finely serrate 3b, in CRASSULACEAE, p. 49.

142b. Leaves entire 1b, in CISTACEAE, p. 74.

143a. Flower-clusters mingled with sharp-pointed bracts AMARANTHACEAE, p. 30.

143b. Flower-clusters without bracts, or (rarely) with bracts which are not sharp-pointed CHENOPODIACEAE, p. 28.

— 144—

144a. Juice not milky — 145.

144b. Juice milky; apparent flowers consisting of a few white or colored petal-like bracts, inclosing a few inconspicuous flowers without petals. In some of them a 3-lobed ovary with 3 styles may be plainly seen

145a. Plants of the composite type, with several or many small flowerets closely aggregated into a dense head subtended by a calyx-like involucre of small bracts — 146. EUPHORBIACEAE, p. 66.

145b. Flowers solitary or in clusters, but not in involucred heads — 147.

146a. Leaves compound with 3 leaflets; stipules present LEGUMINOSAE, p. 58.

146b. Stipules none COMPOSITAE, p. 113.

147a. Leaves compound or deeply lobed — 148.

147b. Leaves simple and not deeply lobed — 154.

148a. Flowers irregular LEGUMINOSAE, p. 58.

148b. Flowers regular — 149.

149a. Petals 3 LIMNANTHACEAE, p. 68.

149b. Petals 4 — 150.

149c. Petals 5 or more — 151.

150a. Stamens 4 70a, in ROSACEAE, p. 57.

150b. Stamens 6 CRUCIFERAE, p. 42.

150c. Stamens numerous 43, in RANUNCULACEAE, p. 39.

151a. Flowers in heads or umbels — 152.

151b. Flowers in slender spikes or racemes — 153.

152a. Styles 2 UMBELLIFERAE, p. 80.

152b. Styles 5 ARALIACEAE, p. 80.

153a. Leaves ternately compound 43, in RANUNCULACEAE, p. 39.

153b. Leaves once-pinnately compound 50b, in ROSACEAE, p. 55.

154a. Flowers irregular — 155.

154b. Flowers regular — 156.

155a. Stamens 2 40b, in SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 104.

155b. Stamens 5 or 10 SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 49.

155c. Stamens 6 or 8 POLYGALACEAE, p. 65.

156a. With sheathing stipules surrounding the stem at the base of each leaf POLYGONACEAE, p. 24.

156b. Stipules not encircling the stem, or none — 157.

157a. Petals 3 CISTACEAE, p. 74.

157b. Petals 4 — 158.

157c. Petals 5 — 161.

158a. Stamens 2 — 159.

158b. Stamens 6 CRUCIFERAE, p. 42.

158c. Stamens 8 — 160.

159a. Corolla perfectly regular; flowers in terminal clusters without bracts, becoming racemes; taste peppery 52a, in CRUCIFERAE, p. 46.

159b. Corolla slightly irregular; flowers in bracted clusters, or axillary; taste not peppery 40b, in SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 104.

160a. Delicate trailing evergreen, with flowers solitary in the axils and nearly or quite hidden beneath the leaves 22b, in ERICACEAE, p. 85.

160b. Erect or nearly so; flowers in terminal clusters 12b, in ONAGRACEAE, p. 78.

161a. Leaves sword-shape, finely parallel-veined, with bristly margins 2a, in UMBELLIFERAE, p. 80.

161b. Leaves not sword-shape — 162.

162a. Leaves toothed or lobed — 163.

162b. Leaves entire — 164.

163a. Stems creeping 2b, in UMBELLIFERAE, p. 80.

163b. Stems erect or nearly so SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 49.

164a. Flowers in open panicles; leaves principally basal SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 49.

164b. Flowers in rounded or flattened clusters; leaves principally on the stem SANTALACEAE, p. 24.

164c. Flowers in racemes, which become elongated at maturity — 165.

165a. Foliage glabrous 8b, in PRIMULACEAE, p. 87.

165b. Foliage pubescent BORAGINACEAE, p. 93.

— 166—

166a. Juice milky or colored — 167.

166b. Juice watery, not colored — 172.

167a. Apparent flowers consisting of a few petal-like bracts, inclosing a few inconspicuous flowers without petals. In some of them a 3-lobed ovary with 3 styles may be seen EUPHORBIACEAE, p. 66.

167b. Plants of the composite type, with several or many small flowerets closely aggregated in dense heads subtended by a calyx-like involucre of small bracts 11, in COMPOSITAE, p. 115.

167c. Flowers never aggregated in involucred clusters resembling a single flower — 168.

168a. Corolla very irregular; stamens protruding LOBELIACEAE, p. 113

168b. Corolla regular — 169.

169a. Stamens with ordinary visible anthers; ovary 1 — 170.

169b. Stamens so grown together and to the stigma as to be almost unrecognizable; ovaries 2 ASCLEPIADACEAE, p. 90.

170a. Petals separate PAPAVERACEAE, p. 41.

170b. Petals united — 171.

171a. Stamens attached to the tube of the corolla CONVOLVULACEAE, p. 91.

171b. Stamens attached at the very base of the corolla CAMPANULACEAE, p. 112.

172a. Plants of the composite type, with several or many small flowerets closely aggregated into dense heads subtended by a calyx-like involucre of small bracts — 173.

172b. Flowers solitary or clustered, but not in involucred heads — 174.

173a. True composites, without a normal calyx COMPOSITAE, p. 113.

173b. A normal calyx with each floweret; leaves compound with 3 leaflets LEGUMINOSAE, p. 58.

174a. Flowers irregular, i. e., the conspicuous lobes of the perianth unlike in size or shape — 175.

174b. Flowers regular — 185.

175a. Stamens 2 or 4 SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 101.

175b. Stamens 5 — 176.

175c. Stamens 6 — 181.

175d. Stamens 8; leaves simple POLYGALACEAE, p. 65.

175e. Stamens 10; leaves usually compound LEGUMINOSAE, p. 58.

175f. Stamens more than 10 — 183.

176a. Petals separate — 177.

176b. Petals united — 179.

177a. Flowers greenish or purplish, in a panicle SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 49.

177b. Flowers white or purplish, in compound umbels UMBELLIFERAE, p. 80.

177c. Flowers solitary, or in few-flowered clusters — 178.

178a. Flowers blue, yellow, or white, in spring VIOLACEAE, p. 75.

178b. Flowers red-orange or yellow, in summer BALSAMINACEAE, p. 71.

178c. Flowers small and greenish, in spring 1a, in VIOLACEAE, p. 75.

179a. Anthers united; stamens protruding from the very irregular corolla LOBELIACEAE, p. 113.

179b. Anthers separate; corolla almost regular — 180.

180a. Corolla rotate; some or all filaments hairy 2, in SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 101.

180b. Corolla funnel-form, dull yellow and purple; filaments not hairy 12a, in SOLANACEAE, p. 101.

180c. Corolla funnel-form, blue or violet; filaments not hairy 7b, in BORAGINACEAE, p. 94.

181a. Leaves compound or dissected FUMARIACEAE, p. 41.

181b. Leaves simple — 182.

182a. Flowers solitary ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, p. 25.

182b. Flowers in spikes, heads, or racemes POLYGALACEAE, p. 65.

183a. Leaves truly compound — 184.

183b. Leaves palmately cleft; flowers 15 mm. wide or larger 6a, in RANUNCULACEAE, p. 36.

183c. Leaves irregularly cleft; flowers about 5 mm. wide RESEDACEAE, p. 48.

184a. Petals prolonged backward into hollow spurs 6b, in RANUNCULACEAE, p. 36.

184b. Petals not prolonged into spurs CAPPARIDACEAE, p. 47.

— 185—

185a. Perianth consisting of one circle of parts only (usually considered to be the calyx) — 186.

185b. Perianth consisting of both calyx and corolla — 192.

186a. Leaves with sheathing stipules encircling the stem above the base of every leaf POLYGONACEAE, p. 25.

186b. Leaves without sheathing stipules — 187.

187a. Leaves entire — 188.

187b. Leaves toothed, lobed, or compound — 190.

188a. Stamens 5 SANTALACEAE, p. 24.

188b. Stamens 6 — 189.

188c. Stamens 10 PHYTOLACCACEAE, p. 30.

189a. Perianth-lobes 3; perianth-tube curved ARISTOLOCHIACEAE, p. 25.

189b. Perianth-lobes 6, spreading 4a, in LILIACEAE, p. 11.

190a. Stamens 5 UMBELLIFERAE, p. 80.

190b. Stamens 6 — 191.

190c. Stamens more than 6 RANUNCULACEAE, p. 35.

191a. Climbing plant with heart-shape perianth 2a, in FUMARIACEAE, p. 41.

191b. Erect plant, with spreading perianth 3b, in BERBERIDACEAE, p. 40.

192a. Corolla composed of united petals — 193.

192b. Corolla composed of separate petals — 208.

193a. Stamens 2 or 4 SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 101.

193b. Stamens 3; climbing vines CUCURBITACEAE, p. 112.

193c. Stamens 5 — 194.

193d. Stamens 6 2a, in FUMARIACEAE, p. 41.

193e. Stamens 8 22b, in ERICACEAE, p. 85.

193f. Stamens 10 — 207.

193g. Stamens very numerous MALVACEAE, p. 72.

194a. Ovaries 2; flowers orange-red, in umbels 7a, in ASCLEPIADACEAE, p. 91.

194b. Ovary 1, deeply 4-lobed; flowers in racemes BORAGINACEAE, p. 93.

194c. Ovary 1, not deeply lobed — 195.

195a. Climbing or scrambling vines — 196.

195b. Not climbing or scrambling — 198.

196a. Flowers about 1 cm. wide — 197.

196b. Flowers 2-8 cm. wide CONVOLVULACEAE, p. 91.

197a. Leaves 1 cm. wide or less 2b, in CAMPANULACEAE, p. 112.

197b. Leaves 2 cm. wide or more 4a, in SOLANACEAE, p. 100.

198a. Flowers solitary, either terminal or axillary — 199.

198b. Flowers in terminal clusters — 201.

199a. Calyx concealed by 2 bracts CONVOLVULACEAE, p. 91.

199b. Calyx not completely concealed by bracts — 200.

200a. Ovary inferior, appearing as a swelling below the calyx at the base of the flower, 3-celled; stigma 3-lobed CAMPANULACEAE, p. 112.

200b. Ovary superior, located in the center of the flower SOLANACEAE, p. 100.

201a. Some or all filaments hairy — 202.

201b. Filaments not hairy — 203.

202a. Leaves lobed or divided HYDROPHYLLACEAE, p. 93.

202b. Leaves not lobed 2, in SCROPHULARIACEAE, p. 101.

203a. Anthers close together, longer than the filaments 2, in SOLANACEAE, p. 100.

203b. Anthers separate from each other — 204.

204a. Leaves compound or very deeply lobed — 205.

204b. Leaves simple or with shallow lobes only — 206.

205a. Leaf-segments linear or oblong, irregular HYDROPHYLLACEAE, p. 93.

205b. Leaves truly compound with separate leaflets 1a, in POLEMONIACEAE, p. 92.

206a. Flowers greenish-yellow SOLANACEAE, p. 100.

206b. Flowers blue, violet, white, or intermediate tints CAMPANULACEAE, p. 112.

207a. Leaves simple ERICACEAE, p. 84.

207b. Leaves compound OXALIDACEAE, p. 64.

— 208—

208a. Petals 4 — 209.

208b. Petals 5 — 212.

208c. Petals 6 or more — 227.

209a. Stamens 4 or 8 — 210.

209b. Stamens 6, 4 long and 2 short CRUCIFERAE, p. 42.

209c. Stamens 9 or more CAPPARIDACEAE, p. 47.

210a. Leaves compound ROSACEAE, p. 51.

210b. Leaves simple — 211.

211a. Ovary 1, inferior, appearing as a swelling below the calyx ONAGRACEAE, p. 78.

211b. Ovaries 4 or 5, in the center of the flower CRASSULACEAE, p. 48.

212a. Stamens with good anthers 5 — 213.

212b. Stamens 6 to 10 — 217.

212c. Stamens more than 10 — 222.

213a. Flowers solitary, terminating the stem 12b, in SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 50.

213b. Flowers axillary, solitary or in small clusters — 214.

213c. Flowers several, in loose irregular terminal clusters; leaves simple LINACEAE, p. 63.

213d. Flowers in slender spike-like racemes; leaves compound 50b, in ROSACEAE, p. 55.

213e. Flowers in panicles 20a, in SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 50.

213f. Flowers in umbels — 216.

214a. Leaves compound 25b, in LEGUMINOSAE, p. 60.

214b. Leaves simple — 215.

215a. Flowers blue or yellow, erect or spreading LINACEAE, p. 63.

215b. Flowers greenish, nodding 1a, in VIOLACEAE, p. 75.

216a. Flowers pink or purple GERANIACEAE, p. 64.

216b. Flowers yellow or white UMBELLIFERAE, p. 80.

217a. Leaves compound with 3 leaflets — 218.

217b. Leaves pinnately compound — 219.

217c. Leaves deeply palmately lobed GERANIACEAE, p. 64.

217d. Leaves simple and not deeply lobed — 220.

218a. Leaflets reverse heart-shape; flowers yellow OXALIDACEAE, p. 64.

218b. Leaflets taper-pointed; flowers white or pink 73, in ROSACEAE, p. 57.

219a. Leaflets entire 24, in LEGUMINOSAE, p. 60.

219b. Leaflets toothed 50b, in ROSACEAE, p. 55.

220a. Prostrate plants, with thick, fleshy, entire leaves 3, in PORTULACACEAE, p. 34.

220b. Bushy branched plants, with small gray leaves concealing the stem 2a, in CISTACEAE, p. 74.

220c. Erect or spreading plants — 221.

221a. Ovary 1, style 1 4a, in ERICACEAE, p. 84.

221b. Ovary with 2 distinct styles SAXIFRAGACEAE, p. 49.

221c. Ovaries 5; styles 5 CRASSULACEAE, p. 48.

222a. Stamens united by their filaments into a tube MALVACEAE, p. 72.

222b. Stamens separate from each other — 223.

223a. Leaves with stipules; ovaries more than 1 ROSACEAE, p. 51.

223b. Leaves without stipules — 224.

224a. Leaves toothed, deeply lobed, or compound RANUNCULACEAE, p. 35.

224b. Leaves entire — 225.

225a. Ovaries numerous RANUNCULACEAE, p. 35.

225b. Ovary 1 — 226.

226a. Sepals 2 PORTULACACEAE, p. 34.

226b. Sepals 3 or 5 CISTACEAE, p. 74.

— 227—

227a. Leaves entire LYTHRACEAE, p. 77.

227b. Leaves lobed, divided, dissected, or compound — 228.

228a. Flowers in slender racemes RESEDACEAE, p. 48.

228b. Flowers solitary or clustered, but not in slender racemes — 229.

229a. Stamens 6 3b, in BERBERIDACEAE, p. 40.

229b. Stamens numerous RANUNCULACEAE, p. 35.

РАСТЕНИЯ МИЧИГАНА

PINACEAE, сосновое семейство

Деревья или кустарники, обычно вечнозеленые, с игольчатыми или чешуевидными листьями; плод — шишка или ягода.

1a. Leaves in clusters of 2-5 — 2.

1b. Leaves mostly in clusters of 10 or more, on short lateral wart-like branches, deciduous each autumn Tamarack, Larix laricina.

1c. Leaves not in clusters — 4.

2a. Leaves in clusters of 5 White Pine, Pinus strobus.

2b. Leaves in clusters of 2 or 3 — 3.

3a. Leaves 8-15 cm. long Norway Pine, Pinus resinosa.

3b. Leaves 2-4 cm. long Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana.

4a. Leaves alternate or scattered — 5.

4b. Leaves opposite or whorled — 8.

5a. Leaves four-sided — 6.

5b. Leaves flattened — 7.

6a. Leaves 6-12 mm. long Black Spruce, Picea mariana.

6b. Leaves 15-25 mm. long White Spruce, Picea canadensis.

7a. Leaves short-stalked, 15 mm. long or less Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis.

7b. Leaves sessile, 15-30 mm. long Balsam, Abies balsamea.

8a. Leafy twigs soft and flattened White Cedar, Thuja occidentalis.

8b. Leafy twigs not distinctly flattened — 9.

9a. Leaves opposite — 10.

9b. Leaves in whorls of three — 11.

10a. Erect shrub or tree Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana.

10b. Prostrate or spreading shrub Creeping Cedar, Juniperus horizontalis.

11a. Erect shrub or small tree Juniper, Juniperus communis.

11b. Spreading or ascending shrub, growing in dense mats Low Juniper, Juniperus communis var. depressa.

TAXACEAE, тисовое семейство

Кустарники с игольчатыми вечнозелеными листьями; плод красный и ягодный.

One species in Michigan; straggling shrub 1-3 m. high Ground Hemlock, Taxus canadensis.

TYPHACEAE, рогозовое семейство

Прямостоячие растения высотой 1–2 м, с линейными листьями и верхушечными колосьями коричневых цветков, появляющимися летом.

1a. Staminate and pistillate portions of the flower-spike contiguous, the latter 2.5 cm. in diameter Common Cat-tail, Typha latifolia.

1b. Staminate and pistillate portions of the spike separated, the latter 2 cm. or less in diameter Narrow-leaved Cat-tail, Typha angustifolia.

SPARGANIACEAE, ежеголовниковое семейство

Болотные растения с линейными листьями и шаровидными головками незаметных зеленоватых цветков, появляющимися летом.

About 5 species occur in Michigan, of which the commonest is Bur-reed, Sparganium eurycarpum.

NAJADACEAE, наядовые семейство

Водные растения с погруженными или плавающими листьями и незаметными цветками летом.

1a. Leaves opposite or whorled — 2.

1b. Leaves alternate — 2c.

2a. Leaves thread-like, 3-8 cm. long Horned Pondweed, Zannichellia palustris.

2b. Leaves linear, toothed, abruptly dilated at the base, 3 cm. long or less (Naiad) — 3.

2c. Leaves entire, not abruptly dilated at base [2]Pondweed, Potamogeton spp.

3a. Leaves about 2 mm. wide, sharply and coarsely toothed Naiad, Naias marina.

3b. Leaves very narrowly linear, with numerous minute teeth Naiad, Naias flexilis.

JUNCAGINACEAE, ситниковидные семейство

Болотные растения с линейными цилиндрическими листьями и незаметными цветками в колосьях или кистях, появляющимися в начале лета.

1a. Leaves all basal; flowers numerous in a spike-like raceme (Arrow Grass) — 2.

1b. Stem-leaves present; flowers in a loose bracted raceme (1-3 dm. high). Scheuchzeria, Scheuchzeria palustris.

2a. Fruit (usually to be seen at the base of the raceme) ovoid or oblong, rounded at the base Arrow Grass, Triglochin maritima.

2b. Fruit linear, narrowed at the base (1-5 dm. high) Arrow Grass, Triglochin palustris.

ALISMACEAE, частуховые семейство

Болотные растения со стеблями наподобие стрелок; цветки с 3 зелеными чашелистиками, 3 белыми лепестками, 6 или более тычинками и несколькими раздельными пестиками.

1a. Ovaries in a ring; flowers in panicles (2-8 dm. high, summer) Water Plantain, Alisma Plantago-aquatica.

1b. Ovaries in a head; flowers in racemes or umbels — 2.

2a. Flowers all perfect, in a single umbel of 2-8 flowers; stamens 9 (leaves lanceolate; 15 cm. high or less; summer) Dwarf Water Plantain, Echinodorus tenellus.

2b. Flowers in a raceme of 3-flowered whorls, the lower pistillate, the upper staminate; stamens usually more than nine (1-10 dm. high, summer) (Arrow-head) — 3.

3a. Leaves ovate to linear, not sagittate at base — 4.

3b. Leaves broad or narrow, sagittate at base — 5.

4a. Pistillate (basal) flowers sessile or nearly so (2-8 dm. high, summer) Arrow-head, Sagittaria heterophylla.

4b. Pistillate flowers with obvious pedicels Arrow-head, Sagittaria graminea.

5a. Basal lobes of the leaf conspicuous, triangular, almost or quite as long as the terminal portion — 6.

5b. Basal lobes small, short, linear — 4b.

6a. Beak of the achene very short and erect; rare species Arrow-head, Sagittaria arifolia.

6b. Beak of the achene sharp, incurved at right angles to the body; common species Arrow-head, Sagittaria latifolia.

HYDROCHARITACEAE, водокрасовые семейство

Погруженные водные растения с незаметными цветками летом.

1a. Leaves all from the base, 2 dm. long or more Eel Grass, Vallisneria spiralis.

1b. Leaves on the stem, 2 cm. long or less Water-weed, Elodea canadensis.

GRAMINEAE, злаковое семейство

Злаки с линейными или узкими влагалищными листьями и очень мелкими цветками без околоцветника в пазухах чешуевидных прицветников, появляющиеся в конце весны и летом.

Из большого числа (более 150) злаков в Мичигане здесь включены лишь самые распространенные, а для их полного рассмотрения студент отсылается к мануалам.

Их классификация зависит главным образом от строения и расположения колосков. Они типично состоят из короткой оси — рахиллы, почти или полностью скрытой несколькими чешуевидными прицветниками. Два нижних прицветника называются колосковыми чешуями и не имеют цветков в своих пазухах. Выше колосковых чешуй находятся два или более других прицветника — леммы. В пазухе каждой леммы и обычно скрытая ею находится более мелкая чешуя — палея, а между леммой и палеей располагается один цветок. Число цветков в колоске, следовательно, в норме равно числу лемм. Колоски сгруппированы в кисти, колосья или метелки различного размера.

1a. Spikelets one-flowered — 2.

1b. Spikelets with 2 or more flowers — 24.

2a. Spikelets grouped into dense solitary cylindrical spikes — 3.

2b. Spikelets arranged in panicles or in panicled spikes — 8.

3a. Spikelets without awns or bristles, or with short awns not more than 3 mm. long — 4.

3b. Spikelets with awns 2-5 cm. long, terminating the bracts Squirrel-tail, Hordeum jubatum.

3c. Bracts of the spikelet without terminal awns, but the spikelets with one or more long bristles arising from their base — 6.

4a. Spike-like panicle thickened in the middle, more than 1 cm. thick Beach Grass, Ammophila arenaria.

4b. Spike little or not at all thickened in the middle, less than 1 cm. thick — 5.

5a. Lower bracts awned; stem erect, unbranched Timothy, Phleum pratense.

5b. Lower scales unawned; stem branched at the base Floating Foxtail, Alopecurus geniculatus.

6a. Bristles 5 or more at the base of each spikelet Yellow Foxtail, Setaria glauca.

6b. Bristles 1-3 at the base of each spikelet — 7.

7a. Spikelets about 2 mm. long; bristles not much longer, green Green Foxtail, Setaria viridis.

7b. Spikelets about 3 mm. long; bristles much longer, usually purple Millet, Setaria italica.

8a. Spikelets numerous, in long slender symmetrical spikes — 9.

8b. Spikelets in panicles, racemes, or loose spikes — 13.

9a. Spikelets without awns; plants 8 dm. high or less (Crab Grass) — 10.

9b. Spikelets with awns; plants 12 dm. high or more — 12.

10a. Leaf-sheaths all glabrous. Crab Grass, Digitaria humifusa.

10b. Lower leaf-sheaths hairy — 11.

11a. Axis of the spike flat, with wing-like margins Crab Grass, Digitaria sanguinalis.

11b. Axis of the spike slender, without winged margins Crab Grass, Digitaria filiformis.

12a. Spikes numerous, appressed to the axis of the panicle; tall marsh grass Slough Grass, Spartina michauxiana.

12b. Spikes 2-6, widely divergent; plant of dry ground Blue-joint, Andropogon furcatus.

13a. Spikelets subtended by an ovoid thorny involucre 3-8 mm. wide Sand Bur, Cenchrus carolinianus.

13b. Spikelets without a thorny involucre — 14.

14a. Lower branches of the panicle spreading, bearing staminate flowers, the upper branches erect, with pistillate flowers; aquatic or marsh grass 2-4 m. high Wild Rice, Zizania aquatica.

14b. Panicle uniform throughout — 15.

15a. Spikelets with awns 2 mm. or more long — 16.

15b. Spikelets not awned, or with short inconspicuous awns — 18.

16a. Spikelets in solitary raceme-like spikes; awn about 1 cm. long or more Beard Grass, Andropogon scoparius.

16b. Spikelets in branching clusters; awn less than 1 cm. long — 17.

17a. Leaf-blade 4 mm. wide or narrower; panicle slender Drop-seed, Muhlenbergia schreberi.

17b. Leaf-blade 6 mm. wide or more; panicle stout and coarse Barnyard Grass, Echinochloa crus-galli.

18a. Spikelet plump and compact, its bracts closely folded about each other — 19.

18b. Spikelet very flat, its two bracts closely folded together Cut-grass, Leersia oryzoides.

18c. Spikelet loose and open, somewhat flattened, its 3 bracts ascending or spreading and not closely folded about each other — 20.

19a. Panicle about half as long as the entire plant; leaves copiously hairy Witch Grass, Panicum capillare.

19b. Panicle of smaller size Panic-grasses, various species of Panicum.

20a. Panicle strongly contracted or spike-like; plants of sand-dunes — 4a.

20b. Panicle spreading or slightly contracted; axis of the spikelet beset with bristles; leaves 2 dm. long or more; marsh grass Reed Grass, Calamagrostis canadensis.

20c. Panicle spreading or somewhat contracted, but not spike-like; axis of the spikelet without bristles — 21.

21a. Panicle-branches erect or ascending — 22.

21b. Panicle-branches strongly spreading — 23.

22a. The two outer scales of the spikelet one-fourth as long as the third scale, or sometimes one of them absent — 17a.

22b. The glumes at least half as long as the lemma Wood-grass, Muhlenbergia mexicana.

23a. The chief lateral branches of the panicle dividing and bearing flowers below their middle Red-top, Agrostis alba.

23b. The chief branches of the panicle dividing only beyond the middle Hair Grass, Agrostis hyemalis.

24a. Spikelets arranged in two rows to form a definite spike — 25.

24b. Spikelets in panicles, never in definite rows — 29.

25a. Spikelets in a single row on one side of the axis, forming a one-sided spike Yard Grass, Eleusine indica.

25b. Spikelets alternating on opposite sides of the axis, forming a two-rowed spike — 26.

26a. Spikelets in pairs at each joint, forming a dense spike (Wild Rye) — 27.

26b. Spikelets single at each joint, forming a loose, open or interrupted spike — 28.

27a. Glumes lanceolate Wild Rye, Elymus canadensis.

27b. Glumes narrowly subulate Wild Rye, Elymus virginicus.

28a. Spikelets with their edges toward the axis of the spike Rye Grass, Lolium perenne.

28b. Spikelets with their sides toward the axis of the spike Quack Grass, Agropyron repens.

29a. Glumes longer than the lemmas Oats, Avena sativa.

29b. Glumes shorter than the lemmas — 30.

30a. Axis of the spikelet beset with conspicuous long hairs about equaling the lemmas; tall marsh grass 1-4 m. high Reed, Phragmites communis.

30b. Spikelets without conspicuous long hairs — 31.

31a. Spikelets sessile or nearly so, forming crowded or spike-like panicles — 32.

31b. Spikelets distinctly panicled — 33.

32a. Spikelets in dense one-sided clusters at the ends of the panicle branches Orchard Grass, Dactylis glomerata.

32b. Spikelets in an erect spike-like cluster Prairie June-grass, Koeleria cristata.

33a. Lemmas, exclusive of the awn when present, 8 mm. long or more — 34.

33b. Lemmas, exclusive of the awn when present, 6 mm. long or less — 35.

34a. Awns on the lemmas 12 mm. long or more Brome-grass, Bromus tectorum.

34b. Awns on the lemmas 8 mm. long or less, or none Cheat, Bromus secalinus.

35a. Lemmas with 7 sharp conspicuous veins from base to apex Manna Grass, Glyceria nervata.

35b. Lemmas with 3-5 inconspicuous veins — 36.

36a. Spikelets with 5 flowers or more — 37.

36b. Spikelets with 2-4 (rarely 5) flowers — 40.

37a. Stems tufted and decumbent at base (Love Grass) — 38.

37b. Stems erect (Fescue Grass) — 39.

38a. Spikelets 1.5 mm. wide Love Grass, Eragrostis pilosa.

38b. Spikelets 3 mm. wide Love Grass, Eragrostis megastachya.

39a. Lemmas with conspicuous awns Fescue Grass, Festuca octoflora.

39b. Lemmas without awns Fescue Grass, Festuca elatior.

40a. Tufted annual grass Spear Grass, Poa annua.

40b. Perennials, with erect flowering stems — 41.

41a. Stems round Blue Grass, Poa pratensis.

41b. Stems strongly flattened Canadian Blue Grass, Poa compressa.

CYPERACEAE, осоковые семейство

Злаковидные или ситниковидные растения с линейными листьями или безлистные, с незаметными цветками в мелких чешуйчатых колосьях.

В Мичигане произрастает более 200 видов, из которых здесь включены лишь самые распространенные. Для остальных видов следует обращаться к мануалам.

1a. Spikes all alike — 2.

1b. The uppermost spike or spikes wholly staminate, the lower one or more pistillate; ovary and achene surrounded by a sac, the perigynium. Mature fruit is necessary for satisfactory identification (Sedge) — 12.

2a. Stems leafless, bearing one or more spikes at or near the top — 3.

2b. Stems leafy — 6.

3a. Spike one, terminal and erect (Spike Rush) — 4.

3b. Spikes usually more than one, lateral and spreading — 5.

4a. Annual, with fibrous roots Spike Rush, Eleocharis obtusa.

4b. Perennial, with a running rootstock Spike Rush, Eleocharis palustris.

5a. Stem round Bulrush, Scirpus validus.

5b. Stem 3-cornered Three-square, Scirpus americanus.

6a. Spikes axillary along the side of the stem Dulichium, Dulichium, arundinaceum.

6b. Spikes terminal — 7.

7a. Spikes subtended by long conspicuous leaves which greatly exceed the flower clusters — 8.

7b. Spikes not conspicuously exceeded by the bract-like leaves — 10.

8a. Spikes in a dense head-like cluster, white-woolly at maturity Cotton Grass, Eriophorum virginicum.

8b. Spikes not in dense heads, nor white-woolly at maturity — 9.

9a. Perennial by a creeping rootstock Nut Grass, Cyperus esculentus.

9b. Perennial by hard basal corms Cyperus, Cyperus strigosus.

10a. Bracts of the spike chestnut-brown Twig Rush, Cladium mariscoides.

10b. Bracts of the spike green or straw-color (Sedge) — 11.

11a. Spikes 3-8, separate Sedge, Carex straminea.

11b. Spikes very numerous and densely crowded Sedge, Carex vulpinoidea.

12a. Achenes flattened Sedge, Carex crinita.

12b. Achenes 3-angled — 13.

13a. Perigynium tipped with a sharp straight 2-toothed beak — 14.

13b. Perigynium with a short soft beak — 17.

14a. Perigynium thin and papery, loosely enclosing the achene — 15.

14b. Perigynium firm, closely enclosing the achene — 16.

15a. Perigynium less than 1 cm. long Sedge, Carex hystericina.

15b. Perigynium more than 1 cm. long Sedge, Carex lupulina.

16a. Perigynium smooth Sedge, Carex riparia.

16b. Perigynium hairy Sedge, Carex filiformis.

17a. Beak of the perigynium bent abruptly to one side Sedge, Carex laxiflora.

17b. Beak of the perigynium straight Sedge, Carex pennsylvanica.

ARACEAE, ароидные семейство

Индивидуальные цветки мелкие, но скученные на мясистом початке с образованием заметного колоса, обычно окруженного зеленым или цветным покрывалом.

1a. Leaves compound — 2.

1b. Leaves simple — 3.

2a. Leaflets 3, spathe pale green or purple (3-6 dm. high; spring) Indian Turnip, Arisaema triphyllum.

2b. Leaflets 7-11; spathe green; spadix long and slender (3-8 dm. high; late spring) Dragon Root, Arisaema dracontium.

3a. Leaves linear, sword-shape; spathe none (5-15 dm. high; early summer) Sweet Flag, Acorus calamus.

3b. Leaves broader than linear; spathe present — 4.

4a. Flower clusters partly underground, appearing in earliest spring Skunk Cabbage, Symplocarpus foetidus.

4b. Flower clusters peduncled, in early summer — 5.

5a. Leaves broadly ovate-cordate; spathe white Water Arum, Calla palustris.

5b. Leaves more or less sagittate; spathe green Arrow Arum, Peltandra virginica.

LEMNACEAE, рясковые семейство

Микроскопические безлистные растения, плавающие на стоячей воде; цветки чрезвычайно мелкие и редко наблюдаемые.

1a. Plant thick, ovoid, less than 2 mm. long; roots none. Two species are reported from Michigan Wolffia spp.

1b. Plant flattened, with short roots — 2.

2a. Roots several from each rounded plant Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza.

2b. Root single from each rounded plant Duckweed, Lemna spp.

Three species are reported from Michigan, of which the commonest is Lemna minor.

ERIOCAULACEAE, синтауловые семейство

Болотные травянистые растения с мелкими цветками в головках, венчающих длинные тонкие цветоносы.

One species in Michigan; leaves linear and basal; flower-stalk 5-15 cm. high; flower-heads whitish or lead-color Pipewort, Eriocaulon articulatum.

XYRIDACEAE, ксиридовые семейство

Мелкие травянистые растения с прикорневыми листьями и прямостоячими цветоносами, несущими головку обоеполых желтых цветков, летом.

1a. Base of plant bulbous-thickened (3-6 dm. high) Yellow-eyed Grass, Xyris flexuosa.

1b. Base of plant not bulbous-thickened (1-3 dm. high) Yellow-eyed Grass, Xyris montana.

COMMELINACEAE, коммелиновые семейство

Leafy-stemmed herbs; flowers with 3 sepals, 3 petals, and 6 stamens, lasting but a single day; petals blue.

1a. Stamens 6; petals all equal (Spiderwort) — 2.

1b. Perfect stamens 3, sterile stamens 3; two of the petals larger than the third (3-6 dm. high; summer) Day-flower, Commelina virginica.

2a. Sepals villous (3-10 dm. high; late spring) Spiderwort, Tradescantia virginiana.

2b. Sepals glabrous, or with a tuft of hairs at the apex (4-10 dm. high; late spring) Spiderwort, Tradescantia reflexa.

PONTEDERIACEAE, понтидериевые семейство

Водные травянистые растения с 6 довольно заметными лепестками; цветки летом.

1a. Flowers blue; leaves cordate-sagittate (3-10 dm. high) Pickerel-weed, Pontederia cordata.

1b. Flowers yellow; leaves linear (submerged) Mud Plantain, Heteranthera dubia.

JUNCACEAE, ситниковые семейство

Злаковидные или ситниковидные растения с незаметными зеленоватыми или розовато-коричневыми цветками, состоящими из 3 чешуевидных или чешуевидных чашелистиков и стольких же сходных лепестков.

1a. Leaf-sheaths closed; capsule 1-celled and 3-seeded; stem or leaves usually hairy at or near the base (1-4 dm. high). (Wood Rush) — 2.

1b. Leaf-sheaths open; capsule many-seeded; plants never hairy — 4.

2a. Flowers solitary at the ends of the branches of the umbel-like cluster (spring) Wood Rush, Luzula saltuensis.

2b. Flowers in spikes or dense clusters — 3.

3a. Flower-cluster spike-like, nodding at the tip (summer) Wood Rush, Luzula spicata.

3b. Flower-cluster umbel-like (spring) Wood Rush, Luzula campestris var. multiflora.

4. The genus Juncus, or Rush, contains about 25 species in Michigan, blooming in summer or autumn. For their identification the Manuals should be consulted. One of the commonest species is Juncus effusus, growing in marshes, with erect leafless cylindrical stems, bearing a lateral cluster of flowers near the summit. Another common species is Juncus tenuis, with slender stems and linear leaves, growing in hard ground, especially in woodland paths.

LILIACEAE, лилейное семейство

Травянистые растения или вьющиеся кустарники с обычно заметными цветками; чашелистиков и лепестков по 3, и они обычно одинаково окрашены, тычинок 6, завязь 3-гнездная, верхняя. У одного вида околоцветник 4-раздельный и тычинок 4.

1a. Flowers or flower-clusters lateral, axillary or apparently so — 2.

1b. Flowers or flower-clusters scapose or terminal — 12.

2a. Leaves minute and scale-like (7-15 dm. high; flowers greenish-yellow, June) Asparagus, Asparagus officinalis.

2b. Leaves broad and flat, not scale-like — 3.

3a. Flowers numerous in rounded umbels; perianth-segments nearly separate; leaves long-petioled — 4.

3b. Flowers in clusters of 1-8; leaves short-petioled, sessile, or clasping — 8.

4a. Stems herbaceous (flowers greenish-yellow, ill-scented) (Carrion-flower) — 5.

4b. Stems woody, thorny, climbing (flowers greenish-yellow, early summer) (Green Brier) — 7.

5a. Stems climbing by tendrils — 6.

5b. Stem not climbing; only the upper leaves, or none, with tendrils Carrion-flower, Smilax ecirrhata.

6a. Leaves smooth beneath. Carrion-flower, Smilax herbacea.

6b. Leaves minutely pubescent beneath when mature Carrion-flower, Smilax herbacea var. pulverulenta.

7a. Leaves with 5 principal veins. Green Brier, Smilax rotundifolia.

7b. Leaves with 7 principal veins. Green Brier, Smilax hispida.

8a. Perianth-segments united into a tube (flowers axillary, late spring) (Solomon's Seal) — 9.

8b. Perianth-segments separate (2-8 dm. high; spring) (Twisted-stalk) — 10.

9a. Leaves minutely pubescent beneath; filaments rough, inserted at three-fourths the length of the perianth (3-8 dm. high) Small Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum biflorum.

9b. Leaves smooth beneath; filaments smooth, inserted at the middle of the perianth tube (5-15 dm. high) Great Solomon's Seal, Polygonatum commutatum.

10a. Leaves distinctly clasping the stem; flowers greenish-white Twisted-stalk, Streptopus amplexifolius.

10b. Leaves closely sessile; flowers reddish to purple — 11.

11a. Rootstock short and thick; berries spherical Twisted-stalk, Streptopus roseus.

11b. Rootstock long and slender; berries 3-angled Twisted-stalk, Streptopus longipes.

12a. Perianth-segments 5-12 cm. long — 13.

12b. Perianth-segments shorter than 5 cm. — 19.

13a. Leaves all or chiefly basal, stem-leaves bract-like or none — 14.

13b. Leaves chiefly or entirely on the stem — 15.

14a. Leaves numerous, linear or sword-shape (flowers orange, summer) Day Lily, Hemerocallis fulva.

14b. Leaves a single pair, oblong or lanceolate — 21.

15a. Leaves a single whorl of 3 (Wake Robin, Trillium) — 22.

15b. Leaves numerous (6-12 dm. high; flowers yellow, orange, or red, in summer) (Lily) — 16.

16a. Flowers erect — 17.

16b. Flowers nodding — 18.

17a. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, 6-15 mm. wide, mostly whorled Wood Lily, Lilium philadelphicum.

17b. Leaves linear, 5 mm. wide or less, almost all alternate Wood Lily, Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum.

18a. Perianth-segments strongly revolute Turk's-cap Lily, Lilium superbum.

18b. Perianth-segments half-recurved Yellow Lily, Lilium canadense.

19a. Flower solitary — 20.

19b. Flowers in clusters, not solitary — 31.

20a. Stem with a single pair of basal leaves (Dog's-tooth Violet) — 21.

20b. Stem with a single whorl of 3 leaves (1-3 dm. high; spring) (Wake Robin, Trillium) — 22.

20c. Stem leafy (Bellwort) — 29.

21a. Perianth yellow Dog's-tooth Violet, Erythronium americanum.

21b. Perianth white, bluish, or pinkish Dog's-tooth Violet, Erythronium albidum.

22a. Flower sessile, red or brown — 23.

22b. Flower peduncled, white or pink, rarely red — 24.

23a. Leaves sessile, sepals spreading Wake Robin, Trillium sessile.

23b. Leaves short-petioled, sepals reflexed Wake Robin, Trillium recurvatum.

24a. Ovary with 6 distinct wing-like angles — 25.

24b. Ovary obtusely 3-angled or lobed — 28.

25a. Stamens distinctly longer than the pistil — 26.

25b. Stamens equaling or shorter than the pistil — 27.

26a. Stigmas erect or nearly so, slender Wake Robin, Trillium grandiflorum.

26b. Stigmas strongly recurved or spreading Wake Robin, Trillium erectum.

27a. Filaments about as long as the anthers Wake Robin, Trillium cernuum.

27b. Filaments half as long as the anthers or shorter Wake Robin, Trillium declinatum.

28a. Leaves obtuse; petals obtuse, white Dwarf White Trillium, Trillium nivale.

28b. Leaves acuminate; petals acute, purple-striped at base Painted Trillium, Trillium undulatum.

29a. Leaves sessile (3-6 dm. high; flowers yellow, spring) Bellwort, Oakesia sessilifolia.

29b. Leaves perfoliate (4-6 dm. high; flowers yellow, in spring) — 30.

30a. Leaves minutely pubescent beneath Bellwort, Uvularia grandiflora.

30b. Leaves glabrous and all glaucous Bellwort, Uvularia perfoliata.

31a. Stem bearing 2 whorls of 3-9 leaves (3-6 dm. high; flowers pale yellow, early summer) Indian Cucumber-root, Medeola virginiana.

31b. Stem-leaves not whorled, or all leaves basal — 32.

32a. Flowers in umbels — 33.

32b. Flowers in racemes or panicles — 38.

33a. Plant with the odor of onions or garlic (leaves all or chiefly basal; flower-stalks 2-8 dm. high, late spring or summer) — 34.

33b. Plant not with the odor of onions (leaves basal; flower-stalks 2-3 dm. high, with an umbel of 3-6 greenish-yellow flowers in late spring) Clintonia, Clintonia borealis.

34a. Leaves oblong, 2-5 cm. wide, not present when the plants are in bloom (greenish-white flowers) Wild Leek, Allium tricoccum.

34b. Leaves linear, present with the flowers — 35.

35a. Umbel nodding or horizontal (petals rose-color) Wild Onion, Allium cernuum.

35b. Umbel erect — 36.

36a. Pedicels longer than the flowers — 37.

36b. Pedicels equaling or shorter than the flowers (petals rose-purple) Wild Chives, Allium schoenoprasum var. sibiricum.

37a. Leaves flattened; flowers pink to white Wild Onion, Allium canadense.

37b. Leaves cylindrical; flowers greenish to purple Field Garlic, Allium vineale.

38a. Leaves lanceolate to ovate, not more than 8 times as long as broad — 39.

38b. Leaves linear or grass-like, at least 12 times as long as broad — 45.

39a. Principal leaves all basal, stem-leaves none or bract-like — 40.

39b. Principal leaves on the stem — 41.

40a. Flowers in a spike-like raceme (4-10 dm. high; small white flowers in summer) Colic-root, Aletris farinosa.

40b. Flowers in an umbel-like cluster — 34b.

41a. Perianth-segments 4 (1-2 dm. high; flowers white, early summer) Wild Lily of the Valley, Maianthemum canadense.

41b. Perianth-segments 6 — 42.

42a. Styles 3; flowers dioecious (3-10 dm. high; flowers white, early summer) Blazing Star, Chamaelirium luteum.

42b. Style 1; flowers perfect, white, in spring (False Solomon's Seal) — 43.

43a. Flowers panicled (3-6 dm. high) False Solomon's Seal, Smilacina racemosa.

43b. Flowers racemed — 44.

44a. Leaves 2-4, usually 3 (1-2 dm. high) False Solomon's Seal, Smilacina trifolia.

44b. Leaves 5-12 (2-5 dm. high) False Solomon's Seal, Smilacina stellata.

45a. Flowers bright blue; perianth-segments united (2-3 dm. high, spring) Grape Hyacinth, Muscari botryoides.

45b. Flowers blue, greenish, yellowish, or white; perianth-segments separate — 46.

46a. Flowers 1 cm. wide, or smaller (white or greenish, in racemes, late spring or summer) (False Asphodel) — 47.

46b. Flowers 1.5 cm. wide, or larger — 48.

47a. Stem glabrous (2 dm. high or less) False Asphodel, Tofieldia palustris.

47b. Stem viscid-pubescent (1-5 dm. high) False Asphodel, Tofieldia glutinosa.

48a. Perianth-segments with 2 glands near the base (3-8 dm. high; greenish-white panicled flowers in summer) Zygadenus, Zygadenus chloranthus.

48b. Perianth-segments without glands — 49.

49a. Plant 3-5 dm. tall; flowers blue or nearly white, in long racemes (early summer) Wild Hyacinth, Camassia esculenta.

49b. Plant 1-3 dm. tall; flowers greenish-white, in short corymb-like racemes (spring) Star of Bethlehem, Ornithogalum umbellatum.

DIOSCOREACEAE, диоскорейное семейство

Вьющиеся травянистые растения с сетчато-нервными листьями и зеленоватыми или белыми цветками в метелках или кистях.

One species in Michigan; leaves ovate-cordate; flowers in summer Wild Yam, Dioscorea villosa.

AMARYLLIDACEAE, амариллисовое семейство

Растения с линейными прикорневыми листьями и обоеполыми цветками с 6-раздельным околоцветником, нижней завязью и 6 тычинками.

One species in Michigan; 1-2 dm. high; flowers yellow, 1 cm. wide, in spring Star Grass, Hypoxis hirsuta.

IRIDACEAE, ирисовое семейство

Травянистые растения с 6-раздельным околоцветником, нижней завязью и 3 тычинками.

1a. Flowers blue, 5 cm. wide or larger — 2.

1b. Flowers about 1 cm. wide (blue or white, from a spathe terminating a 2-edged stem 2-5 dm. high, spring and early summer) (Blue-eyed Grass) — 3.

2a. Flowering stems 4-8 dm. high (early summer) Blue Flag, Iris versicolor.

2b. Flowering stems 2 dm. or less high (spring) Dwarf Iris, Iris lacustris.

3a. Spathes terminal, sessile — 4.

3b. Spathes long-peduncled, axillary — 8.

4a. Spathe single — 5.

4b. Spathes 2 on each flowering stem — 7.

5a. Pedicels much longer than the inner (shorter) bract Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium mucronatum.

5b. Pedicels equaling or barely exceeding the inner bract — 6.

6a. Capsule brown; common species Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium angustifolium.

6b. Capsule green or yellowish; rare species Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium montanum.

7a. Leaves folded lengthwise; stems narrowly winged Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium hastile.

7b. Leaves flat; stem broadly winged, 2-3 mm. wide Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium albidum.

8a. Capsules pale straw-color or whitish — 9.

8b. Capsules brown, or tinged with purple — 10.

9a. Plant with straight fibrous bristles at base; pedicels long-exserted Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium farwellii.

9b. Plants not bristly at base; pedicels barely exserted Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium strictum.

10a. Pedicels scarcely exceeding the inner bract — 6a.

10b. Pedicels much exceeding the inner bract — 11.

11a. Stem 2-6 mm. wide; bracts 1.5-2 cm. long Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium gramineum.

11b. Stem 1-2 mm. wide; bracts 1-1.5 cm. long Blue-eyed Grass, Sisyrinchium apiculatum.

ORCHIDACEAE, орхидное семейство

Травянистые растения с неправильными цветками, одним лепестком (губой), отличающимся от остальных по размеру и форме, нижней завязью и одной или двумя тычинками, сросшимися со столбиком.

1a. Flowers in a spike-like obviously twisted raceme; small, yellowish or greenish-white, in late summer and autumn (except 4a) (Ladies' Tresses) — 2.

1b. Flowers solitary or in clusters, but never in a twisted raceme — 5.

2a. Flowers in 1 row Ladies' Tresses, Spiranthes gracilis.

2b. Flowers in several rows — 3.

3a. Lip constricted near the apex Ladies' Tresses, Spiranthes romanzoftiana.

3b. Lip not constricted — 4.

4a. Lip yellow; flowers in spring and early summer Ladies' Tresses, Spiranthes lucida.

4b. Lip white Ladies' Tresses, Spiranthes cernua.

5a. Brown, purple, or yellow plants, without green color, with scale-like leaves (1-4 dm. high; summer) (Coral Root) — 6.

5b. Plants with normal green color — 9.

6a. Lip white, not spotted Coral Root, Corallorrhiza trifida.

6b. Lip white, spotted with red — 7.

7a. Lip distinctly 3-lobed Coral Root, Corallorrhiza maculata.