«Журнал Американско-ирландского исторического общества. Том IV, 1904»

Примечание переводика:

Изображение на обложке создано переводчиком и передано в общественное достояние.

ТОМАС АДДИС ЭММЕТ, д. м. н., д. ю. н., из Нью-Йорка. Основатель и пожизненный член Общества, а также член Исполнительного совета.

ЖУРНАЛ АМЕРИКАНСКО-ИРЛАНДСКОГО ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ОБЩЕСТВА.

BY

THOMAS HAMILTON MURRAY,

Secretary-General.

VOLUME IV.

BOSTON, MASS.,

PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY,

1904.

ВСТУПИТЕЛЬНАЯ ЗАМЕТКА.

Настоящий выпуск представляет собой четвертый том «Журнала Американско-ирландского исторического общества». Этот том, как и каждый из предшествующих, является самостоятельным изданием. В нем содержится хроника деятельности организации с момента выхода в свет третьего тома «Журнала», а также представлен большой объем дополнительных материалов по нашей тематике. Общество продолжает поддерживать высокий уровень, заданный его основателями, и приносит большую пользу в выбранной сфере деятельности. Организация уже заняла место в первом ряду американских исторических обществ и поддерживает самые сердечные отношения с давно существующими организациями.

T. H. M.

Boston, Mass.,

October, 1904.

ДОЛЖНОСТНЫЕ ЛИЦА ОБЩЕСТВА, 1904 Г.

President-General,

Hon. William McAdoo,

New York City.

Vice-President-General,

James E. Sullivan, M. D.,

Providence, R. I.

Secretary-General,

Thomas Hamilton Murray,

36 Newbury St., Boston, Mass.

Treasurer-General,

Hon. John C. Linehan,

State Insurance Commissioner of New Hampshire, Concord, N. H.

Librarian and Archivist,

Thomas B. Lawler,

New York City.

ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ СОВЕТ

The foregoing and

Достопочтенный Джон Д. Кримминс, Нью-Йорк.

Достопочтенный Томас Дж. Гарган, Бостон, шт. Массачусетс.

Преподобный Джеймс Х. О’Доннелл, Норуолк, шт. Коннектикут.

Томас Аддис Эммет, д. м. н., Нью-Йорк.

Джеймс Л. О’Нил, Элизабет, шт. Нью-Джерси.

Томас Дж. Линч, Огаста, шт. Мэн.

Стивен Фаррелли, Нью-Йорк.

Джеймс Джеффри Рош, Бостон, шт. Массачусетс.

Фрэнсис К. Траверс, Нью-Йорк.

Джон Ф. Хейс, д. м. н., Уотербери, шт. Коннектикут.

Чарльз А. Геогеган, Нью-Йорк.

М. Джозеф Харсон, Провиденс, шт. Род-Айленд.

Эдвард Дж. Макгуайр, Нью-Йорк.

Джон Крейн, Нью-Йорк.

Джон Джером Руни, Нью-Йорк.

Джон Дж. Ленехан, Нью-Йорк.

Джеймс Коннолли, Коронадо, шт. Калифорния.

Преподобный Сайрус Таунсенд Брейди, Нью-Йорк.

ВИЦЕ-ПРЕЗИДЕНТЫ ПО ШТАТАМ

Мэн — Джеймс Каннингем, Портленд.

Нью-Гэмпшир — Достопочтенный Джеймс Ф. Бреннан, Питерборо.

Вермонт — Джон Д. Ханрахан, д. м. н., Ратленд.

Массачусетс — Преподобный Дж. В. Макмахон, д. б. н., Бостон.

Род-Айленд — Достопочтенный Томас З. Ли, Провиденс.

Коннектикут — Деннис Х. Тирни, Уотербери.

Нью-Йорк — Ген. Джеймс Р. О’Берн, Нью-Йорк.

Нью-Джерси — Джон Ф. Кихо, Ньюарк.

Пенсильвания — Хью Маккаффри, Филадельфия.

Делавэр — Джон Дж. Кэссиди, Уилмингтон.

Виргиния — Достопочтенный Джозеф Т. Лоулесс, Норфолк.

Западная Виргиния — Джон Ф. Хили, Томас, округ Такер.

Южная Каролина — Ф. К. О’Нил, Чарлстон.

Джорджия — Полк. К. К. Сандерс, Гейнсвилл.

Огайо — Джон Лавелл, Кливленд.

Иллинойс — Достопочтенный П. Т. Барри, Чикаго.

Индиана — Высокопреподобный Андрю Моррисси, C. S. C., Нотр-Дам.

Айова — Высокопреподобный М. С. Ленихан, Маршаллтаун.

Миннесота — Джон Д. О’Брайен, Сент-Пол.

Миссури — Джулиус Л. Фой, Сент-Луис.

Мичиган — Достопочтенный Т. А. Э. Уидок, Детройт.

Кентукки — Джон Дж. Слэттери, Луисвилл.

Теннесси — Майкл Гэвин, Мемфис.

Канзас — Патрик Х. Кони, Топика.

Юта — Джозеф Геогеган, Солт-Лейк-Сити.

Техас — Ген. А. Г. Маллой, Эль-Пасо.

Калифорния — Джон Малхерн, Сан-Франциско.

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Округ Колумбия — Эдвард А. Мосли, Вашингтон.

Аризона — Полк. О’Брайен Мур, Тусон.

Индейская территория — Джозеф Ф. Свордс, Салфер.

.tb

Канада — Достопочтенный Феликс Карбрей, Квебек.

Ирландия — Д-р Майкл Ф. Кокс, Дублин.

ХРОНОЛОГИЯ ОБЩЕСТВА

ВАЖНЕЙШИЕ СОБЫТИЯ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ЗА 1901, 1902, 1903 И 1904 ГОДЫ, ПРЕДСТАВЛЯЮЩИЕ ОСОБЫЙ ИНТЕРЕС ДЛЯ ЧЛЕНОВ ОБЩЕСТВА.

1901. Jan. 2. Death of Hon. Ignatius Donnelly, a member of the Society, at Minneapolis, Minn. He was twice elected lieutenant-governor of Minnesota, and was a member of the 38th, 39th, and 40th Congresses.

1901. Jan. 9. Death of Rev. John F. Mundy, of Cambridge, Mass., a member of the Society.

1901. Jan. 24. A meeting of the executive council of the Society is held this afternoon at the Murray Hill hotel, New York City, President-General Gargan in the chair.

1901. Jan. 24. Annual meeting of the Society at Sherry’s, Forty-fourth St., and Fifth Ave., New York City. Hon. John D. Crimmins is elected president-general of the organization.

1901. Jan. 24. Annual dinner of the Society, this evening, at Sherry’s, New York City. Letters expressive of regret at inability to attend were received from Hon. John Lee Carroll, president of the Sons of the Revolution; President Warren of Boston University, President Hall of Clark University, President Harper of the University of Chicago, Rt. Rev. Dr. Conaty of the Catholic University, Washington, D. C.; President Capen of Tufts College, and from many others.

1901. Jan. 24. At the annual gathering of the Society to-night Rev. A. P. Doyle, C. S. P., read a paper on “Hon. Thomas Dongan, Governor of New York, 1683–1688.”

1901. February. The Cosmopolitan magazine for this month publishes a story, “The Requiem of the Drums.” The author was Capt. “Bucky” O’Neill, and the story was written shortly before the breaking out of the war with Spain, while he was still acting as sheriff of Prescott, Ariz. O’Neill became a captain in the “Rough Riders” regiment, and fell at the head of his company before the Spanish trenches of Las Guasimas. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, of our Society, termed him “one of the best captains in the regiment.”

1901. Feb. 5. A delegation from the United Irish-American societies of New York City waited on Mayor VanWyck to-day, and presented a resolution which praised him for refusing to lower the flags to half staff on the death of the British queen, Victoria. The delegation was headed by Daniel F. Cohalan, a prominent New York lawyer. Mayor VanWyck in reply thanked the committee and said that he was glad Americans viewed his action with favor.

1901. Feb. 21. Francis C. O’Reilly, Orange, N. J., of the Society, passes away. He was the head of the Watchung Coal Company of Orange, a director of the Orange National Bank, and a member of several organizations, including the Orange Riding and Driving Club.

1901. March. Dennis H. Mulligan passes away in Kentucky. A news paragraph dated Lexington, Ky., March 15, and published in the Louisville Times states that Mr. Mulligan “was one of the few surviving types of the old-fashioned Kentucky gentleman, and his death caused profound sorrow among all who knew him. Mr. Mulligan was the father of the Hon. James H. Mulligan, formerly consul to Samoa. The old gentleman was in his eighty-seventh year when he died and had long been active in public matters. He owned a whole town in the very suburbs of Lexington. The place is known as ‘Grannon,’ and was incorporated as a town with Dennis Mulligan as mayor, by an act of the Kentucky legislature, while James H. Mulligan was in the state senate. ‘Grannon’ now falls to James H. Mulligan.”

1901. March 19. Hon. John C. Linehan, Concord, N. H., of the Society, speaks at a hearing, in the New Hampshire State Capitol, in favor of erecting a monument to Hon. Franklin Pierce, a former president of the United States.

1901. April 4. A meeting of the executive council held at the residence of Hon. John. D. Crimmins, 40 East 68th St., New York City. Mr. Crimmins, president-general, presided.

1901. April 13. Hon. John D. Crimmins, New York City, president-general of the Society, delivers an address at the laying of the corner-stone of the new Hall of Records, New York.

1901. April 19. Celebration by the Society of the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, Concord and Cambridge. The society visits Lexington, Mass., in the morning, and places a laurel wreath on the battle monument on the green. In the evening, the Society dines at the Hotel Brunswick, Boston, Congressman Henry F. Naphen presiding.

1901. April 19. During the Society’s dinner at the Hotel Brunswick, Boston, this evening, it was announced that the Massachusetts Society of the Sons of the Revolution was assembled in an adjoining room, engaged in celebrating the same anniversary. Congratulations were exchanged between the two organizations.

1901. April 21. Hon. Edwin D. McGuinness, a member of the Society, dies at his home in Providence, R. I. He had twice been secretary of state of Rhode Island and twice mayor of Providence.

1901. April 29. Death of James Murphy, Lawrence, Mass., a member of the Society.

1901. May. President-General Crimmins writes a communication to the New York Evening Post, eloquently defending the character of Gen. Richard Montgomery.

1901. May 13. John F. Kehoe, Newark, N. J., becomes a life member of the Society.

1901. May 23. Rt. Rev. James McGolrick, D. D., bishop of Duluth, Minn., becomes a life member of the Society.

1901. May 24. An editorial in the Boston Herald to-day, headed “England’s failure in Ireland,” declares that “If the test of business methods is the growth and prosperity of business, the test of methods of government is the growth and prosperity of the people. By this test Great Britain’s government of Ireland is the monumental political failure of modern times. It does not promote growth, prosperity, happiness, or loyalty. Nor is there at present any great reason to expect a turn of the course of population. The vigor of Ireland has been driven from it. America has profited incalculably by the exodus, and the record of the Irish race in this country affords a demonstration that cannot be gainsaid that the native forces of the race are not decadent when they have favorable opportunities of development.”

1901. May 31. Secretary-General T. H. Murray, of the Society, has a communication in the New York Sun, calling attention to the neglected condition of the Gen. Richard Montgomery tablet and monument in the chancel wall of St. Paul’s church, Broadway, New York, and urging that proper attention be given the memorial.

1901. June 10. Rt. Rev. Denis M. Bradley, D. D., bishop of Manchester, N. H., becomes a member of the Society.

1901. June 10. R. A. Brock, secretary of the Southern Historical society, Richmond, Va., compliments our organization and pays an eloquent tribute to the Irish element in the composition of the American people.

1901. June 17. Rev. Joshua P. L. Bodfish, Canton, Mass., a member of the Society, is re-elected a director of the Bunker Hill Monument Association.

1901. June 20. Death in Brooklyn, N. Y., of Brvt. Brig. Gen. Robert Nugent. A cancer caused by a bullet wound received at the battle of Fredericksburg, Va., 1862, was the cause of his death. He was born in Ireland, 1824, and came to this country at an early age. At the breaking out of the Civil War he was lieutenant-colonel of the Sixty-ninth Regiment, N. Y. National Guard, and went out with that regiment in response to President Lincoln’s first call, taking part in the battle of Bull Run. At the expiration of ninety days the regiment was mustered out of the service. Lieut.-Col. Nugent then received a commission as captain in the regular army, and at the request of Gen. Sherman, then a colonel, he was assigned to the Thirteenth Infantry, of which Sherman had just taken command. Shortly after, Capt. Nugent obtained leave of absence, and going to New York organized the Sixty-ninth New York Volunteers and became their colonel. This was the first regiment of Gen. Meagher’s Irish Brigade. In command of this regiment Col. Nugent served at the battles of Fair Oaks, Gaines’ Mill, Savage’s Station, Peach Orchard, Malvern Hill, White Oak Swamp, Glendale, Antietam and Fredericksburg. A short time after the battle of Fredericksburg he was sent home to recuperate. He started to return to the front to rejoin his regiment, but was informed that he had been appointed provost marshal for the Southern District of New York. He had charge of this district during the draft riots, and took command of the troops. In 1865, after the Sixty-ninth had been mustered out of the service, Gen. Nugent rejoined his regiment, the Thirteenth Infantry. He served with this regiment until 1876, when he was promoted, and transferred to the Twenty-fourth Regiment. In these two regiments he gained a reputation as an Indian fighter. He saw service in many battles in Montana, Dakota, and Wyoming against the Sioux and other Indian tribes, and was with Gen. Miles in the campaign against “Sitting Bull.”

1901. July 4. Rev. James N. Supple, Boston, Mass., a member of the Society, was the official chaplain at the Boston municipal celebration to-day in Faneuil Hall.

1901. Aug. 15. Most Rev. Patrick J. Ryan, archbishop of Philadelphia, Pa., becomes a member of the Society.

1901. Aug. 29. President-General Crimmins, of the Society, being unable to attend our celebration to-day at Newport, R. I., sent a cordial letter, accompanied by a check for $50, which sum he wished used toward promoting the success of the occasion.

1901. Aug. 29. The Society observes the anniversary of the battle of Rhode Island by exercises at Newport, R. I. This battle took place in 1778, the American forces being commanded by Gen. John Sullivan. At the celebration here mentioned, Mayor Garretson of Newport welcomed the Society to the city and delivered a patriotic address. Letters of regret at inability to be present were received from Dr. John Sullivan and T. Russell Sullivan, of Boston, Mass., kinsmen of Gen. John Sullivan; and from Governor Gregory of Rhode Island, Congressman Melville Bull, President Faunce of Brown University, and other gentlemen.

1901. Sept. 14. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, a member of our Society, takes the oath of office as President of the United States.

1901. Sept. 22. Hon. Jeremiah Crowley, ex-mayor of Lowell, Mass., dies. He was a member of the Society.

1901. Sept. 30. Patrick J. Flatley, Boston, Mass., a member of the Society, passes away. He was a lawyer of much ability.

1901. Sept. 30. Very Rev. Abbe John Baptist Hogan, S. S., D. D., a member of the Society, dies in France. He had been head of St. John’s Ecclesiastical Seminary, at Brighton (Boston), Mass.

1901. Sept. 30. Joseph Geoghegan, Salt Lake City, Utah, becomes a life member of the Society.

1901. October. John A. McCall, president of the New York Life Insurance Co., becomes a life member of the Society.

1901. November. Very Rev. Michael C. O’Brien, vicar general of the diocese of Portland, Me., dies. He was a member of the Society.

1901. Nov. 14. Rev. J. H. McKechnie, Worcester, Mass., a member of the Society, passes away.

1901. Dec. 2. The president of the United States appoints the Rev. Edward J. Brennan of St. John’s church, New Haven, Conn., a chaplain in the U. S. Navy with the rank of lieutenant. Father Brennan took the oath of office in the Superior Court at New Haven, on Dec. 30.

1901. Dec. 6. Meeting of the executive council of the Society at the residence of President-General John D. Crimmins, New York City.

1901. Dec. 10. Hon. Patrick A. Collins, a member of the Society, is elected mayor of Boston, Mass.

1901. Dec. 11. In to-day’s issue of the Free Press, Charles Town, W. Va., appears the following: “We are gratified to observe that Capt. James H. O’Bannon was again chosen superintendent of public printing by the Virginia legislature. He has occupied the position with fidelity to the state for a number of years. Capt. O’Bannon is a native of this county, learned the printing art in this town, and during the war of ’61–’65 was a gallant officer in the ‘Stonewall Brigade.’”

1902. Jan. 7. Joseph G. Geoghegan, of New York City, becomes a life member of the Society.

1902. Jan. 14. Meeting of the executive council of the Society at the Hotel Manhattan, New York City.

1902. Jan. 14. Annual meeting and dinner at the Hotel Manhattan, Forty-second St. and Madison Ave., New York City. Hon. John D. Crimmins, New York, was reëlected president-general. During the evening the following telegram was received from the president of the United States: “White House, Washington, D. C., Jan. 14th, 1902. To Hon. John D. Crimmins, 40 East 68th St., New York: I thank you for your telegram. Please express at the banquet this evening my interest in the work of the American-Irish Historical Society, and assure its members and their guests of my hearty good wishes. Theodore Roosevelt.”

1902. Jan. 18. The New York Herald of this date has a review of a volume by J. B. Spillane, New York City, a member of the Society. Mr. Spillane’s volume is entitled Minor Chords and is in memory of his deceased brother, Daniel Spillane. It comprises a collection of prose, poetical, and musical writings by the latter.

1902. Jan. 19. Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, of Boston, Mass., contributes to a symposium in to-day’s Boston Globe on the subject: “Does the Preservation of Historic Landmarks Help or Hinder the City’s Growth?” He contends that such preservation helps. Mr. Gargan is an ex-president-general of the society.

1902. Jan. 23. W. H. Mahony, New York City, becomes a life member of the Society.

1902. Jan. 25. Death of Rev. J. J. McNulty, rector of St. Cecilia’s church, Boston, Mass., a member of the Society.

1902. Jan. 28. A dispatch from Sioux City, Ia., states that news has been received there that Very Rev. Philip J. Garrigan, D. D., of the Catholic University, Washington, D. C., has been appointed bishop of the new see of Sioux City. He is a member of our Society.

1902. February. In the North American Review for this month is an article by Hon. William McAdoo, of the Society, on “Launching a Battleship from the Congressional Ways.” Mr. McAdoo was formerly assistant secretary of the navy.

1902. Feb. 1. Death of Patrick E. Riddle, of Roxbury (Boston), Mass., a member of the Society.

1902. Feb. 3. President Roosevelt to-day sent to the U. S. senate the name of Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland, of the Society, for reappointment as U. S. pension agent at Philadelphia, Pa.

1902. March 6. Letter received to-day from John Lavelle, Cleveland, O., a member of the Society, urging the extension of the organization throughout the West.

1902. March 6. Hon. Patrick A. Collins, mayor of Boston and member of the Society, presides to-night at a banquet, in Boston, to Prince Henry of Prussia.

1902. March 12. Death of Bernard McGuinness, Providence, R. I., a member of the Society. He was the father of Hon. Edwin D. McGuinness, who became secretary of state of Rhode Island and mayor of Providence.

1902. March 14. Among the nominations sent to the U. S. senate to-day by President Roosevelt, a member of the Society, were these: Rev. Francis B. Doherty, of California, and Rev. Patrick P. Carey, of New York, to be chaplains in the army.

1902. March 18. Death of John A. Sullivan, New York City, a member of the Society. He was a prominent resident of New York City, president of the Parker Manufacturing Co., president of the Catholic Club, and was collector of Internal Revenue under Cleveland.

1902. April 1. Death of Hon. Thomas Dunn English, LL. D., Newark, N. J., a member of the Society.

1902. April 2. President Roosevelt to-day appointed Col. Michael V. Sheridan to be a brigadier-general in the regular army. General Sheridan is a brother of the late Lieut.-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan.

1902. April 2. Gen. St. Clair A. Mulholland, Philadelphia, Pa., of the Society, has an article in to-day’s Public Ledger of that city, on the battle of Gettysburg. He pays a tribute to the Irish soldiers engaged therein.

1902. April 10. Death at Atlantic City, N. J., of Mrs. Robert B. Roosevelt, wife of an uncle of President Theodore Roosevelt. She was born in Tipperary, Ireland, her maiden name being Marion O’Shea. Her brother, J. Augustus O’Shea, was a famous war correspondent.

1902. April 19. The Society celebrates the anniversary of the battle of Lexington, Concord and Cambridge. The Boston members went out to Lexington in carriages, stopping en route at the Cambridge city hall, where they were officially received by Mayor McNamee and members of the city government. Arriving in Lexington, the Society called at the town hall to pay its respects to the town officials, and was cordially received by Selectman Hutchinson and others. The Society then proceeded to the village green and placed a laurel wreath on the battle monument. Later, the organization was entertained by Selectman Taylor and family at their home in Lexington, and then visited the quarters of the Lexington Historical Society.

1902. April 30. Death at Englewood, N. J., of David L. Barrett, a member of the Society.

1902. May 12. Meeting at the Hotel Manhattan, New York City, to-night to arrange for the excursion of the Society to Washington, D. C., to participate in the dedication of the Rochambeau monument. A visiting delegation was present at the meeting from the French Literary Circle of New York.

1902. May 15. Death at Somerville, Mass., of Capt. and Brvt. Lieut.-Col. Samuel McKeever, U. S. A. (retired), a member of the Society.

1902. May 23. The New York members of the Society left for Washington, D. C., this afternoon, by a special train over the Pennsylvania Railroad, to attend the Rochambeau monument dedication at the national capital. Headquarters were established for the Society at the New Willard Hotel, Washington.

1902. May 24. The Society attends the dedication in Washington, D. C., of the monument to Rochambeau. Previous to the dedication the organization was received at the White House by President Roosevelt, the reception taking place in the East room. About 100 members and guests of the Society were present, including a number of ladies.

1902. May 24. The Society was present, by invitation, at a reception in Washington, D. C., to-night, at the French embassy. Ambassador and Madame Cambon welcomed the visitors.

1902. June 10. Hon. John F. Finerty, Chicago, Ill., a member of the Society, delivers an oration at the University of Nebraska.

1902. June 11. At the annual meeting of the New Hampshire Historical Society, held at Concord, N. H., on this date, a paper was read by John Scales, A. M., of Dover, N. H., on “Master John Sullivan and Family of Somersworth and Berwick.” The paper has since been published in the Proceedings of the New Hampshire Historical Society.

1902. June 17. Villanova College, Pennsylvania, confers honorary degrees on two members of our Society, i. e., Hon. Morgan J. O’Brien and Hon. Joseph F. Daly, both of New York City.

1902. June 18. Monument unveiled at Elizabeth, N. J., to Hon. William A. M. Mack, recently mayor of that city, and state vice-president for New Jersey of our Society.

1902. June 18. President Roosevelt sends to the U. S. senate the nomination of Lieut.-Col. John R. McGinness, Ordnance Corps, U. S. A., to be a colonel. Colonel McGinness is a member of our Society.

1902. June 27. A joint resolution appropriating $100,000 for a monument to the prison-ship martyrs, to be erected at Fort Greene, Brooklyn, N. Y., was passed to-day by the U. S. Senate. It provides that the appropriation of $100,000 shall be made on condition that an additional $100,000 shall be raised, the work to be done under direction of the Secretary of War, the Governor of New York, and the Mayor of New York City. Many of the prison-ship martyrs were Irish, as their names in the records indicate.

1902. June 28. Death of M. D. Long, of O’Neill, Neb., a member of the Society.

1902. July 9. The Boston Transcript states that John E. Milholland, a member of the Society, “is trying to get the federal government to purchase, for $30,000, the ruins of old Fort Ticonderoga and restore it to the exact status it bore when Ethan Allen demanded its surrender.”

1902. July 11. Corner-stone laid at Newport, R. I., of a monument to be erected in honor of the French who landed there during the American Revolution. Several members of our Society, including Mayor Patrick J. Boyle of Newport, participated in the exercises.

1902. July 20. The Boston Sunday Globe to-day contains a sketch of the First Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers in the war with Mexico. In the course of the article the writer states that the entire ten companies comprising the regiment were raised in Boston and Charlestown, though not a few of the recruits came from more or less distant points about New England. Recruiting was in progress for four or five months at least, during the fall of 1846 and the winter of 1847. Edward Webster, a son of Daniel Webster, was captain of A company, and John B. Barry was captain of B company, which was composed entirely of men of Irish birth or antecedents. The regiment was at the front for 18 months, first with the army of Gen. Zachary Taylor and later with Gen. Scott.

1902. August. Ginn & Company, publishers, issued this month a volume on Essentials of American History. The author is Thomas B. Lawler, a member of the Society.

1902. August. The Society issued this month a volume on The Irish Scots and the “Scotch-Irish.”

1902. August. The Society issued this month a pamphlet on Gen. John Sullivan and the Battle of Rhode Island.

1902. Aug. 7. Death of John O’Hart, a member of the Society, Clontarf, Ireland. He was the author of Irish Pedigrees, Irish Landed Gentry when Cromwell Came to Ireland and other works. A sketch states that he was “a Fellow of the Royal Historical and Archæological Association of Ireland, and a member of the Harleian Society of London. In 1875 he published his Irish Pedigrees, for the compilation of which he must have read extensively, and he himself acknowledges over a dozen authorities to whom he was indebted. It reached a fifth edition in 1892, and had obtained a very extensive circulation in the United States. A fellow-historian, Canon O’Hanlon, had for a quarter of a century worked with him in the cause of Irish antiquarian research. Mr. O’Hart was headmaster of the Ringsend National School, even before Canon O’Hanlon became pastor of the Church of the Star of the Sea, and it was during his position as headmaster that the deceased historian devoted all his spare time to the close research which has so enriched Irish historical literature. Mr. O’Hart was uncle, on the maternal side, to Maj. Richard Oulahan of Washington, D. C., late of Corcoran’s Irish Legion.”

1902. Aug. 14. Hon. P. T. Barry, of the Society, has a communicated article in to-day’s Chicago Daily News on “Major George Croghan.”

1902. Aug. 29. Celebration by the Society of the anniversary of the battle of Rhode Island. The celebration took place in Providence, R. I., headquarters being established at the Narragansett. At the request of the Society, Governor Kimball of Rhode Island had the national and state flags displayed on the new marble state capitol in Providence. The Society dined at the Narragansett in the evening, as the guest of James E. Sullivan, M. D., of Providence. About 100 members and friends of the Society were present, including: Hon. John D. Crimmins, president-general, New York City; Hon. John C. Linehan, treasurer-general, Concord, N. H.; Governor Kimball of Rhode Island; Hon. Charles P. Bennett, Rhode Island’s secretary of state; Adjutant-General Sackett of Rhode Island; Rt. Rev. Matthew Harkins, D. D., bishop of the Catholic diocese of Providence; Rt. Rev. Thomas J. Conaty, D. D., Washington, D. C.; Hon. Asa Bird Gardiner, New York City; Hon. Morgan J. O’Brien, a justice of the New York supreme court; Hon. Pardon E. Tillinghast, a justice of the Rhode Island supreme court; Hon. Royal C. Taft, Providence, R. I.; Edward A. Moseley, Washington, D. C.; Thomas Addis Emmet, M. D., New York City, and many other prominent people. The leading address of the evening was by Hon. Asa Bird Gardiner, his subject being “The Battle of Rhode Island.”

1902. Aug. 29. Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, president of the United States, wrote as follows to Secretary T. H. Murray, relative to the Society’s celebration on this date: “Oyster Bay, N. Y., August 19, 1902. My Dear Mr. Murray: I warmly appreciate the cordial invitation which you extend on behalf of the American-Irish Historical Society to attend its anniversary celebration to be held at the Narragansett Hotel, Providence, R. I., on the evening of Friday, August 29th. It would afford me genuine pleasure to be present on this occasion and I deeply regret that the itinerary of the New England trip does not contemplate my being in Providence on the evening mentioned. Otherwise I should be most happy to send an acceptance. Accept my best wishes for the complete success of the meeting, and believe me, Very sincerely yours, Theodore Roosevelt.”

1902. Aug. 29. In connection with the Society’s celebration on this date, the following letter was written by Dr. John Sullivan, of Boston, a descendant of Gen. John Sullivan: “Your very kind invitation to attend your banquet on the 29th inst., received. Please accept for the Society my regrets, not being able, physically, to attend such a jolly gathering of the true old Irish stock. I can no longer keep up with the band. If I keep from under the wheels of the ambulance, I will do well. Four years at the front will give any man a reminder that he’s ‘been there’ and he must be thankful that he got it no worse. On the evening of your banquet I shall remain up, and at the hour of 9 o’clock will drink to the memory of the Irishmen in the American Revolution. My best wishes for your Society, and your invited guests, go with this from one who has the honor to be your obedient servant, John Sullivan.” Dr. Sullivan is a member of the Order of the Cincinnati, and was an army surgeon during the Civil War.

1902. Aug. 29. Chief Justice Stiness of the Rhode Island supreme court wrote concerning our celebration on this date: “I have your very kind invitation to the banquet of your Society at the Narragansett Hotel in Providence, on the anniversary of the battle of Rhode Island, Aug. 29, in special honor of Gen. John Sullivan. I regret that I shall be unable to attend as I shall be absent from the state at that time. Your Society has reason to be proud of the young man, born of Irish parents, ... who held so high a place in the civil and military affairs of the colonies, and this state has reason to be grateful for the service he rendered in its defence at a critical period of the Revolution. Both as a member of the judiciary of the state and as president of the Rhode Island Historical Society, I congratulate your Society upon its efforts to call attention to service rendered our country by those of Irish descent.... I greatly regret my inability to be present at so pleasant an event and give you my best wishes for its interest and success.”

1902. Aug. 29. Hon. Pierre de Margerie, French Charge d’Affaires, wrote relative to the Society’s celebration held on this date: “His Excellency, Mr. Jules Cambon, being in France, I have received the note of August 5, in which you ask the French ambassador to be present at the exercises which will take place on the 29th of this month, at Narragansett Hotel, Providence, R. I. I am quite sure that, if Mr. Jules Cambon had been in this country, it would have been for him a great pleasure to be the guest of the American-Irish Society, on the anniversary of the battle of Rhode Island, and that he will regret very much to have been unable to accept your very kind invitation.”

1902. Aug. 29. In connection with the Society’s celebration in Providence, R. I., on this date, letters of regret at not being able to attend were also received from Governor Jordan of New Hampshire, Governor Crane of Massachusetts, U. S. Senator George F. Hoar, President Faunce of Brown University, and Edward Aborn Greene, of Providence, R. I., a descendant of Col. Christopher Greene, who served under Sullivan in the battle of Rhode Island. Letters were likewise received from Gen. Nelson A. Miles, Washington, D. C.; Archbishop Ryan of Philadelphia; U. S. Senator Wetmore, Newport, R. I.; Hon. LeBaron B. Colt, judge of the U. S. Circuit Court, Providence, R. I.; Hon. A. L. Brown, judge of the U. S. District Court, Providence, R. I.; Hon. Horatio Rogers, judge of the Rhode Island Supreme Court; James Phinney Baxter, president of the New England Historic, Genealogical Society; V. Mott Francis, president of the Newport Historical Society; E. Benj. Andrews, chancellor of the University of Nebraska; Stephen Farrelly, of the American News Co., New York City; Hon. P. T. Barry, Chicago, Ill.; Congressman Naphen of Massachusetts; John Lavelle, Cleveland, Ohio; Congressman Bull of Rhode Island; William Giblin, of the Mercantile Safe Deposit Co., New York City; Frank Thompson, New York City; James Connolly, Coronado, California; Principal Charles S. Chapin of the Rhode Island Normal School, and from others.

1902. Aug. 30. Reception to the Society by Governor Kimball of Rhode Island. The event took place in the state capitol, Providence.

1902. Sept. 11. Death of Rev. Thomas Scully, Cambridge, Mass., a member of the Society. During the Civil War he served as chaplain of the Ninth Massachusetts infantry—an Irish regiment—and was twice taken prisoner.

1902. Sept. 18. Announcement is made that Rev. D. J. O’Mahoney, O. S. A., Andover, Mass., a member of the Society, has been ordered to the Philippines by his ecclesiastical superiors.

1902. Sept. 24. Death of William Hopkins, of the Society. He was a member of the staff of the Boston Daily Globe, occupying an editorial position on that paper. He resided at Newton, Mass.

1902. Oct. 5. Under the head of “New Books,” the Charleston, S. C., Sunday News has a review to-day of the Society’s Irish Scots and the “Scotch-Irish.”

1902. Oct. 6. A dispatch from Washington, D. C., to-day announces that the president has appointed Col. William Quinton to be a brigadier-general in the regular army. General Quinton is a member of our Society.

1902. Oct. 18. Death of Pierce Kent, New York City, a member of the Society.

1902. Oct. 19. Hon. John C. Linehan, treasurer-general of the Society, has a communication in to-day’s Sunday News of Charleston, S. C., on “Irish Soldiers in the Union and Confederate Services during the Civil War.”

1902. Nov. 10. Rev. D. H. Scanlon, pastor of the Berryville Presbyterian church, Berryville, Va., writes for information relative to the Society.

1902. Nov. 15. Hon. John C. Linehan, treasurer-general of the Society, has an article in the Boston Pilot of this date, entitled, “New England Prejudice in 1752–1855. Was it Racial or Religious?” He contends that it was largely racial.

1902. Nov. 22. Thomas O’Hagan, Ph. D., of Toronto, Canada, a member of the Society, has a communication in the Boston Pilot of this date, on “How History is Taught in Secular Universities.”

1902. Nov. 29. Death of Rev. Thomas Shahan, Malden, Mass., a member of the Society.

1902. Dec. 4. Meeting of the executive council of the Society at the residence of President-General John D. Crimmins, New York City.

1902. Dec. 7. At a meeting in New York City to-night, in aid of the projected Hibernian Institute building, addresses were delivered by several members of our Society, including Hon. Thomas J. Gargan, Boston, Mass.; Hon. T. A. E. Weadock, Detroit, Mich., and Hon. Morgan J. O’Brien and Hon. William McAdoo, of New York City.

1902. Dec. 7. At the Hibernian Institute meeting just mentioned, Hon Thomas J. Gargan spoke on “The Irish in America Before the Revolution.” He told of the settlements they had formed, and of the many who had come here to add their blood to the tide that made the Revolution successful, the Irish pioneers who labored and built and then fought for their possessions and for the right of liberty and religious freedom. He said that modern research proved that the Irish had discovered America long before the advent of Columbus.

1902. Dec. 7. Hon. T. A. E. Weadock, at the Hibernian Institute meeting, New York, this evening, spoke on “The Irish Influence on American Polity.” He said that a splendid influence of the Irish was that they took their part in the government, keeping it near to its first principle: that it was to be government by the people. If there was any great danger, it was that the people grew too busy with their affairs to partake of their right to the franchise and exercise their influence in government affairs. The Irish were too patriotic to neglect that duty, he said.

1902. Dec. 13. Death of Patrick Dempsey, Lowell, Mass., a member of the Society. He was for many years a director of the First National bank of Lowell.

1902. Dec. 21. Death of Capt. Patrick O’Farrell, Washington, D. C., a member of the Society. He was a lawyer, and a veteran of the Civil War.

1903. Jan. 19. Annual meeting and dinner of the Society at the Hotel Manhattan, New York City. Hon. William McAdoo was elected president-general. Hon. Franklin H. Danaher, of Albany, N. Y., read a paper on “Jan Andriessen, ye Iersman van Dublingh, and His Compatriots in Old Albany.”

1903. February. The Society issues this month a volume on Irish Rhode Islanders in the American Revolution. This is the first time the subject has ever been specifically treated.

1903. March 2. John J. Slattery, Louisville, Ky., of the Society, has a communication in the Louisville Herald, of this date, ably dealing with the “Anglo-Saxon” fallacy.

1903. March 11. Hon. J. J. O’Connor, Elmira, N. Y., becomes a life member of the Society.

1903. April 12. Death of Rev. John Flatley, Cambridge, Mass., a member of the Society.

1903. May 19. Daniel M. O’Driscoll, Charleston, S. C., a member of the Society, passes away. He was a native of Bantry, Ireland. During the Civil War he was a military telegraph operator in the Confederate service, and sent the first message out of Petersburg, Va., announcing the surrender of Gen. Lee.

1903. June. Thomas Addis Emmet, M. D., LL.D., of the Society, New York City, leaves there for Ireland, for the purpose of locating the grave of the Irish patriot, Robert Emmet. His search was not successful, but he hopes that a satisfactory result will be attained in the near future.

1903. June 2. An order published at the War Department, Washington, D. C., to-day, names one of the batteries at Fort Strong, Long Island, Boston harbor, as Battery Drum, in honor of Capt. John Drum, Tenth U. S. Infantry, who was killed in the assault on Santiago de Cuba, 1898. Capt. Drum was an Irishman by birth, and was a member of our Society.

1903. June 2. An order is published at the U. S. War Department, Washington, D. C., to-day, giving names to sea-coast batteries as follows: Fort Preble, Me., Battery Kearny; Fort Williams, Me., Battery Sullivan.

1903. June 19. Celebration to-day of the 125th anniversary of the evacuation of Valley Forge by the Continental army. The celebration was under the auspices of the Valley Forge Anniversary Association. Archbishop Ryan of Philadelphia, Pa., a member of our Society, presided over the formal portion of the exercises.

1903. July. Death in the Adirondacks of John A. Mooney, LL. D., New York City, a member of the Society.

1903. July. In the Granite Monthly, of Concord, N. H., for this month, is an article by Hon. John C. Linehan, of the Society, on “New Hampshire’s Early Scotch Settlers from Ireland.” The article is written in an ironical vein, and very effectually disposes of the absurd claims of the imaginative “Scotch-Irish” cult.

1903. July 7. Mrs. Edmund Burke, Milwaukee, Wis., writes informing the Society of the death of her husband. The latter was a member of the organization.

1903. July 17. At a meeting of the Board of Governors of the Knights of St. Patrick, New Haven, Conn., held on this date, it was “Voted that the freedom of the club house be tendered to the members of the American-Irish Historical Society and its friends on Aug. 5, 1903.” The proffered courtesy was accepted.

1903. Aug. 5. The Society holds a field-day at New Haven, Conn., and participates in the dedication of a monument to the Ninth regiment, Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, in the Civil War. This was an Irish regiment, and enlisted, from first to last, over 1,600 officers and men.

1903. Aug. 5. Headquarters for the Society on the field-day just mentioned, were established at the Tontine Hotel, New Haven. A dinner under the auspices of the organization, and in honor of the Ninth regiment, took place in the evening. Hon. William McAdoo presided. Among guests were Hon. Abiram Chamberlain, governor of Connecticut; Hon. Morgan G. Bulkeley, ex-governor of Connecticut; Hon. John P. Studley, mayor of New Haven; Hon. N. D. Sperry, member of congress from Connecticut; Hon. Eli Whitney, New Haven; Hon. Edward Griswold, Guilford, Conn.; Hon. John F. Hurley, ex-mayor of Salem, Mass.; Gen. Phelps Montgomery, New Haven; Maj. John Q. Tilson, New Haven, and a number of others. Letters were received from Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, president of the United States; U. S. Senator O. H. Platt, of Connecticut; M. Jusserand, the French ambassador to the United States, and Baron Speck von Sternberg, the German ambassador.

1903. Aug. 5. Relative to the Society’s field-day at New Haven, Conn., on this date, the following letter was received by Secretary T. H. Murray from the president of the United States: “Oyster Bay, N. Y., June 29, 1903. My Dear Mr. Murray: I wish I could be present with you on the occasion of the annual field-day of the American-Irish Historical Society. From early colonial days the Irish have been one of the great factors in our growth as a nation. Naturally, I take a particular interest in what they have contributed to our national history, inasmuch as I am myself of part Irish blood. From the days of Sullivan in the Revolutionary War to those of Sheridan in the Civil War, the Irish element in our country, conspicuous everywhere, has been especially prominent in deeds of arms, and, therefore, it is peculiarly appropriate that the meeting of your Society this year should be to commemorate the record of an Irish regiment in our great war. Sincerely yours, Theodore Roosevelt.”

1903. Aug. 5. An invitation was extended the organization, on behalf of the New Haven Colony Historical Society, to visit the rooms of the latter to-day. The invitation was accepted.

1903. September. T. H. Murray, secretary-general of the Society, is the author of a volume of 446 pages, issued about this time. The work is entitled a History of the Ninth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteer Infantry, “The Irish Regiment,” in the War of the Rebellion, 1861–’65. The volume is illustrated, and was brought out under the auspices of the Veteran Association of the regiment.

1903. September. About this time, the Colorado State Library, Denver, sends a request for publications of our Society.

1903. Sept. 7. Death of Stephen J. Geoghegan, New York City, a life member of the Society and a member of the executive council of the latter.

1903. Sept. 15. About this time G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York City, issued a new work by Thomas Addis Emmet, M. D., LL. D., on Ireland Under English Rule: a Plea for the Plaintiff.

1903. Oct. 19. The Society observed the anniversary of the surrender of Lord Cornwallis and the British army at Yorktown (1781). The anniversary exercises took place at the Hotel Brunswick, Boston, Mass., James Jeffrey Roche, of Boston, presiding.

1903. Nov. 11. Meeting of the executive council of the Society at the office of the City Trust Co., 36 Wall St., New York City. Hon. John D. Crimmins presided.

1903. Dec. 26. Meeting of the executive council of the Society at the Catholic Club, 120 Central Park South, New York City.

1904. Jan. 2. Meeting of the executive council of the Society at the Catholic Club, 120 Central Park South, New York City.

1904. Jan. 12. Annual meeting and dinner of the Society at the Hotel Manhattan, New York City. Hon. William McAdoo presided and was reëlected president-general of the organization. Rev. Andrew M. Sherman, of Morristown, N. J., read a paper dealing with “The O’Briens of Machias, Me., Patriots of the American Revolution.” He is a descendant of these O’Briens. The paper, together with an account of the meeting and dinner, was subsequently published in book form, the expense of publication being generously defrayed by Hon. John D. Crimmins, New York City, ex-president-general of the Society.

1904. Jan. 28. Death of Rev. James L. O’Neil, O. P., editor of Dominicana, San Francisco, Cal. He had previously been editor of the Rosary Magazine, New York City. At his initiative, “the editor of the Rosary Magazine” became a life member of the organization. The membership is arranged so that successive editors of the publication may enjoy the rights and privileges of the Society. Father O’Neil was the first to represent the magazine in the organization.

1904. Feb. 5. A. B. Olson, Denver, Col., writes for information concerning the Society. He states that the Swedish-Americans contemplate forming an organization on similar lines.

1904. Feb. 13. T. H. Murray, secretary-general of the Society, opens temporary quarters at 509 Fifth Ave., New York City, to advance the interests of the organization.

1904. Feb. 15. Death of James F. Redding, Charleston, S. C., a member of the Society.

1904. Feb.-March. The following gentlemen have become life members of the Society at this time: Rev. Henry A. Brann, D. D., New York City; P. E. Somers, Worcester, Mass.; George J. Gillespie, New York City; Hon. Patrick Garvan, Hartford, Conn.; Stephen Farrelly, New York City; Patrick Gallagher, New York City; Robert A. Sasseen, New York City; and Hon. Jeremiah O’Rourke, Newark, N. J.

1904. March 2. Death of Hon. James M. Fitzsimons, New York City, a member of the Society. He was chief justice of the City Court of New York.

1904. March 4. Death of Rev. Francis D. McGuire, rector of the Cathedral, Albany, N. Y., a member of the Society.

1904. March 8. Hon. Edward F. O’Dwyer becomes chief justice of the City Court, New York. He is a member of the Society.

1904. March 9. Death at Exeter, N. H., of Miss Margaret Sullivan, a granddaughter of Gen. John Sullivan of the Revolution. Her father, George Sullivan, son of the general, was an able lawyer, attorney-general of New Hampshire many years and held other prominent positions.

1904. March 16. Edward F. McSweeney, Boston, Mass., of the Society, delivers an address entitled “A Forecast of Irish Influence on American Life.”

1904. April 21. Obsequies of Bernard Foley, Roxbury (Boston), Mass., a member of the Society.

1904. April 23. Death of Patrick Farrelly, New York City, of the American News Co. He was a member of the Society.

1904. May 11. H. Warren Phelps, Columbus, O., applies for admission to the Society.

1904. June. T. H. Murray, secretary-general of the Society, assembled a loan collection of Irish-American memorials to be exhibited at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, Mo. A national supervisory committee was formed in connection with the project and included many members of the Society. The collection was placed on exhibition at St. Louis and attracted much attention. Among those who contributed articles to the collection were Hon. John D. Crimmins, New York City; Major Patrick Maher, New Haven, Conn.; William M. Sweeny, Astoria, L. I., N. Y.; Miss Mary Boyle O’Reilly, Boston, Mass.; Capt. Laurence O’Brien, New Haven, Conn.; Hon. Alexander C. Eustace, Elmira, N. Y.; Thomas Addis Emmet, M. D., LL. D., New York City; Capt. John J. Coffey, Neponset, Mass.; Thomas M. Cahill, M. D., New Haven, Conn.; Jeremiah O’Donovan (Rossa), New York City; Dennis H. Tierney, Waterbury, Conn.; Rev. James H. O’Donnell, Norwalk, Conn.; James E. Kelly, New York City, and Meagher’s Irish Brigade Association, New York City.

1904. June. Among the articles loaned the collection just mentioned, for the Irish-American exhibit at St. Louis, Mo., was an Irish flag carried by the Twenty-eighth Massachusetts (the “Faugh-A-Ballagh” regiment) in the Civil War. The regiment formed part of Meagher’s Irish Brigade, First Division, Second Corps. The flag was loaned by Capt. John J. Coffey, of Neponset, Mass., a member of the Society, who wrote as follows to Secretary T. H. Murray concerning it: “This flag has a precious history. It was presented to the Twenty-eighth regiment, through the late Patrick Donahoe, by the Irish women of Boston, on Sept. 24, 1861, at the same time Governor Andrew presented the regiment with the flag of the State of Massachusetts. My company [C], was selected as the right centre or color company, and my brother, Michael J., whose height exceeded mine by two inches, was selected as color sergeant of this green flag and carried it until he fell mortally wounded at the second battle of Bull Run, August 30, 1862; after that it went through Chantilly, South Mountain, and Antietam. On the memorable day of the attack on Marye’s Heights, at Fredericksburg, it was the only green flag unfurled—and by this I do not intend to cast any reflections on the four other regiments of the Irish brigade. Sometime before Chancellorsville, in May following, Colonel Byrnes and the other officers of the regiment concluding that it was too cumbersome, subscribed among themselves and procured a flag of lighter fabric (worsted), and laid the old flag (this one) aside, but in safe keeping, and you may rest assured that it has been scrupulously cared for and treasured by the custodian.”

1904. June. Meagher’s Irish Brigade Association loaned to the Irish-American collection for the World’s Fair at St. Louis, Mo., two battle-flags carried by the Sixty-ninth regiment, New York, in the Civil War. One of these was an American flag and the other an Irish flag. Regarding the two flags, the following letter is of interest: “Mr. Thomas Hamilton Murray, New York City. Dear Sir: I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter regarding the Historic Loan Collection of Irish-American Memorials you are getting together for the St. Louis Exposition. I placed the matter before the Irish Brigade Association at last Sunday’s meeting, and they resolved to send you two of their best preserved battle flags. Also other relics which, I believe, will be of interest to visitors at the World’s Fair. These flags were presented to the Irish Brigade after the battle of Fredericksburg, Va., and were carried with honor through the battles that followed in which the Army of the Potomac participated. The flags were presented by a body of public-spirited citizens of American birth from the city of New York who, on hearing that the battle flags of the Irish Brigade had become so torn and shattered by shot and shell of the many battles, resolved to present them a new stand of colors. The presentation took place in the old Catholic church at Fredericksburg. I believe it is needless to caution you as to the preservation of these battle-scarred relics. I know that you and the gentlemen who compose your organization realize what these flags mean to us; how many recollections they tend to stimulate amongst us, for they are part of our very life, and were anything to happen to them it would be an irreparable loss. Money could never compensate for the tender memories they inspire of our comrades who died beneath them and the noble lessons of patriotism and duty that they bring to our minds, and will teach to the generations of the future. It has always been our unswerving custom never to allow these flags out of our custody, but when we read the names of the gentlemen that make up your organization, and the worthiness of the project contemplated, we felt that we could safely trust these sacred relics in your hands. Respectfully yours, Capt. John O’Connell, president Irish Brigade Association, 440 East 14th St., New York City, June 7, 1904.”

1904. July 28. The Librarian of Congress writes, requesting publications of the Society for the Congressional Library.

1904. August. Hon. John W. Corcoran, of Boston, Mass., a member of the Society, passes away. He was a lawyer by profession, had been a judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts, and held other positions of trust and honor.

ДОКЛАДЫ ЧЛЕНОВ ОБЩЕСТВА

РАННИЕ ИРЛАНДСКИЕ ПОСЕЛЕНЦЫ В ВИРИГИНИИ

BY HON. JOHN C. LINEHAN,[1] CONCORD, N. H.

Виргиния была впервые заселена белыми людьми в 1607 году. Согласно недавно опубликованному труду, год спустя колонию посетил Фрэнсис Магвайр, ирландец и католик. «Он написал отчет о своем путешествии в Виргинию и представил его тайному совету Испании». Из этого очевидно, что он действовал не в интересах Англии и в колонии не остался.

Виргиния даже в ранний период своей истории не благоволила приверженцам веры Магвайра. В 1625 году тот же автор упоминал, что «Симон Тьючин, капитан судна “Due Return”, будучи изгнан из Ирландии, как сообщалось, был сильно привязан к папизму, и губернатор и Совет Виргинии в январе 1625 года отправили его в качестве заключенного Компании в Англию». На этом карьера Симона в Старом Доминионе завершилась, и больше упоминаний о нем не встречается.

Кем были первые действительные переселенцы в Виргинию из Ирландии и когда они прибыли, можно определить лишь по именам, напечатанным в ранних колониальных архивах и в приведенных далее сборниках государственных документов.

Население колонии с 1609 по 1624 год, согласно упомянутому труду «Первая республика в Америке», было следующим:

В 1609 году, по данным одного источника, в июле оно составляло не более ста девяти человек.

В 1611 году оно оценивалось примерно в двести восемьдесят человек. В 1616 году оно увеличилось примерно до четырех сотен. К 1618 году оно возросло до шестисот. В 1619 году оно сократилось примерно до четырехсот. Перепись 1620 года определяет его в восемьсот восемьдесят семь человек. В 1621 году оно снизилось до восьми сотен сорока трех. В 1622 году оно увеличилось до одной тысячи двухсот сорока, а в 1624 году сократилось до одиннадцати сотен.

Здесь можно составить представление о борьбе первых поселенцев Старого Доминиона с болезнями, голодом и нападениями индейцев. В 1621 или 1622 году (год вызывает споры) произошло страшное истребление поселенцев индейцами, причем число убитых указано как «триста сорок семь мужчин, женщин и детей».

Если имена служат каким-то указанием на происхождение их носителей, то первые ирландские поселенцы прибыли в Виргинию в этот неспокойный период. Их положение в колонии вряд ли было намного хуже того, что было на их родине, поскольку примерно в то время долгая борьба за владение землей, начавшаяся с Реформации, пустила корни, которые не увяли до самой войны между Вильгельмом и Яковом.