«История Англии от восшествия на престол Георга III до окончания первого министерства Питта (1760-1801)»

(10) Лучшими книгами по европейской политике во время Французской революции являются труды Генриха фон Зибеля, используемые здесь во французском переводе: «История Европы во время Французской революции» (Histoire de l'Europe pendant la Révolution Française), 6 т., 1869–88, а также м. Альбера Сореля, «Европа и Французская революция» (L'Europe et la Révolution Française), 6 т., 1903, в процессе издания; т. vi. охватывает 1800–5 годы — труд, отличающийся ученостью, проницательностью и литературным качеством; великое собрание Г. Ф. фон Мартенса, «Сборник трактатов с 1761 года» (Recueil des Traités depuis 1761), т. i.-vi., 1817–29; граф де Гарден, «История трактатов» (Histoire des Traités), т. iv.-vi., 1848–87, и Ф. де Мартенс, «Сборник трактатов, заключенных Россией» (Recueil des Traités conclus par la Russie), т. ix., x. («Англия» [Angleterre]), 1892.

(11) В истории Ирландии обычно следовали Лекки, дополненному Плоуденом, «История Ирландии до унии» (History of Ireland to the Union), 2 т., 1809; Г. Граттан, «Жизнь Граттана» (Life of Grattan), 5 т., 1839; «Переписка между Питтом и герцогом Ратлендом» (Correspondence between Pitt and the Duke of Rutland), 1781–87, изд. 1890. Граф Фицуильям, «Первое и второе письма графу Карлайлу» (First and Second Letters to the Earl Carlisle), 1795; Тон, «Жизнь Т. В. Тона» (Life of T. W. Tone), 2 т., 1826; Мэдден, «Объединенные ирландцы» (United Irishmen), 2 т., 2-е изд., 1858; Гордон, «История восстания» (History of the Rebellion), 2-е изд., 1803 — заслуживающее доверия и наглядное повествование протестантского священника из графства Уэксфорд; «Мемуары и переписка виконта Каслри» (Memoirs and Correspondence of Viscount Castlereagh, лорд Лондондерри), 12 т., 1848–85, т. ii.-iv.; Инграм, «История ирландской унии» (History of the Irish Union), 1887 — книга, хотя и терпящая неудачу в своей безнадежной попытке доказать, что уния была осуществлена не коррупционными методами, но вполне заслуживающая прочтения; «Переписка Корнуоллиса» (Cornwallis Correspondence) и некоторые другие уже упомянутые книги.

(12) По индийским вопросам: — Милль и Вильсон, «История Британской Индии» (History of British India), 10 т., 1858, т. iii.-vi. — стандартный труд; сэр Дж. Ф. Стивен, «История Нанкомара» (Story of Nuncomar), 2 т., 1885; г-н Г. Форрест, «Выдержки из государственных документов, Индия, 1772–85» (Selections from State Papers, India, 1772-85), 3 т., 1890 — документы первостепенной важности, хорошо отредактированные, с хорошим введением, которое, возможно, пытается слишком полно оправдать Гастингса; сэр А. Лилл, «Уоррен Гастингс» (Warren Hastings, серия «Английские люди действия»), 1902 — основательная и хорошо продуманная биография; г-н С. Дж. Оуэн, «Выдержки из депеш маркиза Уэлсли» (Selections from the Despatches of Marquess Wellesley), 1877, вместе с уже упомянутой «Перепиской Корнуоллиса» (Cornwallis Correspondence).

ON ECONOMIC PROGRESS.

(13) Что касается социальной и экономической истории в гл. xiii, то общее описание можно найти у Лекки, «История» (History), т. v. — восхитительное и превосходное произведение; «Социальная Англия» (Social England), т. v., 1896, под редакцией Трейлла — статьи разного достоинства разных авторов; новое издание с тщательно подобранными иллюстрациями издается в настоящее время (1904 г.); а также главы в конце томов vii. и ix. «Иллюстрированной истории Англии» (Pictorial History of England) под редакцией Крейка и Макфарлейна, 1841, 1843. Нравы и обычаи описаны г-ном Сидни в книге «Англия и англичане в XVIII веке» (England and the English in the Eighteenth Century), 2 т., 1891, и г-ном Эштоном, чья книга «Старые времена» (Old Times), 1885, почти полностью состоит из вырезок из газет и карикатур и поэтому, в той мере, в какой это применимо, является современным авторитетным источником. Заметки об азартных играх и легкомыслии части высшего общества, некоторые из которых публикуются впервые, приводятся в «Ранней жизни К. Дж. Фокса» сэра Г. Тревельяна (см. выше). Самостоятельное исследование должно включать хронику в «Ежегодном регистре» (Annual Register), «Письма Уолпола» (Walpole's Letters), Джесси, «Джордж Селвин и его современники» (George Selwyn and his Contemporaries), 4 т., 1843, и «Письма Селвина» (Selwyn's Letters) под редакцией г-на Роско и мисс Клерг, 1899; Смоллетт, «Хамфри Клинкер» (Humphrey Clinker), написанный в 1770 году; Ансти, «Новый путеводитель по Бату» (New Bath Guide), «поэтические послания, описывающие жизнь в Бате» в 1766 году; мисс Берни, «Эвелина» (Evelina), в 1778 году, и многие другие книги. Хорошее введение в литературную историю периода дает г-н Г. Сейнтсбери в «Краткой истории английской литературы» (Short History of English Literature), 1898. Хотя покойный сэр Лесли Стивен в своей книге «Английская мысль в XVIII веке» (English Thought in the Eighteenth Century), 2 т., 2-е изд., 1881, рассматривает главным образом раннюю часть столетия, он сообщает множество сведений высочайшей ценности, особенно в гл. x. и xi., о писателях этого периода; см. также его статьи о них в «Словаре национальной биографии» (Dict. of National Biography). История церкви тщательно рассмотрена Абби и Овертоном в труде «Английская церковь в XVIII веке» (The English Church in the Eighteenth Century), изд. 1887. Об отправлении уголовного правосудия — майор Гриффит, «Хроники Ньюгейта» (Chronicles of Newgate), 2 т., 1884. О тюрьмах — Джон Говард, «Состояние тюрем» (The State of the Prisons), 4-е изд., 1792. О деятельности лондонской полиции — Колхоун, «Трактат о полиции» (Treatise on the Police), 1795.

По экономической и промышленной истории новейшим и лучшим авторитетом является д-р Каннингем, «Развитие английской промышленности и торговли, Новое время» (Growth of English Industry and Commerce, Modern Times), ч. i. и ii., 2 т., 1903. Другие использованные книги: Крейк в «Иллюстрированной истории» (Pictorial History), как указано выше, переизданная в его «Истории британской торговли» (History of British Commerce), 1844; Макферсон, «Анналы торговли» (Annals of Commerce), 4 т., 1805; МакКуллох, издание «Богатства народов» Адама Смитта (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations), 1863; Роджерс, «Шесть веков труда и заработной платы» (Six Centuries of Work and Wages), 2 т., 1884, и его «Промышленная и коммерческая история Англии» (Industrial and Commercial History of England), лекции, 2 т., 1898, и Уорнер, «Вехи в английской промышленной истории» (Landmarks in English Industrial History), 1899 — полезная и хорошо скомпонованная маленькая книга. О хлопчатобумажном производстве — сэр Э. Бейнс, «История хлопчатобумажного производства» (History of the Cotton Manufacture), 1836. Что касается сельского хозяйства и бедных: А. Янг, «Шестинедельный тур по южным графствам» (Six Weeks' Tour in the Southern Counties), 1769, и «Тур по Северу» (Tour through the North), 4 т., 1770, представляют состояние сельского хозяйства в то время, с перечнями заработной платы и расходов рабочего класса; рев. Дж. Хоулетт, брошюры о «Влиянии огораживаний» (Influence of Enclosures, 1786) и «Причинах увеличения числа бедных» (Causes of the Increase of the Poor, 1786); г-н Р. Э. Протеро, «Пионеры и прогресс английского земледелия» (Pioneers and Progress of English Farming), 1888 — прекрасное описание; сэр Г. А. Николлс, «История английского закона о бедных» (History of the English Poor Law), 2 т., 1898, и г-н и г-жа С. Вебб, «История тред-юнионизма» (History of Trades Unionism), 1902.

Важный и мастерский труд д-ра А. фон Рувилле «Уильям Питт, граф Чатем» (William Pitt, Graf von Chatham), 3 т., Штутгарт и Берлин, 1905, вышел в свет, когда эта книга уже находилась в печати.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ II.

КАБИНЕТЫ МИНИСТРОВ ВЕЛИКОБРИТАНИИ, 1760–1801. [318]

1. НЬЮКАСЛ, как в ноябре 1760 года.

First ld. treasury D. of Newcastle.

Secs. of state { s. dept. Pitt.

E. of Egremont. succ. Oct., 1761.

n. dept. E. of Holdernesse.

E. of Bute, succ. March, 1761.

Ld. president Ld. Granville.

Ld. keeper } Ld. Henley.

Ld. chan., 1761

Ld. privy seal E. Temple.

D. of Bedford, succ. Nov., 1761.

Ld. chamberlain D. of Devonshire, in cabinet.

Groom of the stole E. of Bute, in cabinet.

E. of Huntingdon, succ. Oct., 1761.

Board of trade E. of Halifax, in cabinet.

Ld. Sandys, succ. March, 1761, not in cabt.

Ch. exchequer H. B. Legge.

Ld. Barrington, succ. March, 1761.

Admiralty Ld. Anson.

Ordnance Visct. Ligonier.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland D. of Bedford.

E. of Halifax, succ. 1761.

Unofficial Ld. Hardwicke, in cabinet.

Unofficial Ld. Mansfield, C. J., in cabinet.

Secretary at war[319] Visct. Barrington.

C. Townshend, succ. 1761.

2. БЬЮТ, май 1762 года.

First ld. treasury E. of Bute.

Secs. of state { s. dept. E. of Egremont.

n. dept. G. Grenville.

E. of Halifax, succ. Oct., 1762.

Ld. president Ld. Granville.

Ld. chancellor Ld. Henley.

Ld. privy seal D. of Bedford.

Ch. exchequer Sir F. Dashwood.

Admiralty E. of Halifax.

G. Grenville, succ. Oct., 1762.

Ordnance Visct. Ligonier.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland E. of Halifax.

Secretary at war C. Townshend.

W. Ellis, succ. Dec., 1762.

3. ГРЕНВИЛЛ, май 1763 года.

First ld. treas. and ch. exchequer G. Grenville.

Secs. of state { s. dept. E. of Egremont.

E. of Halifax, succ. Sept., 1763.

n. dept. E. of Sandwich, succ. Sept., 1763.

Ld. president Ld. Granville.

D. of Bedford, succ. Sept., 1763.

Ld. chancellor E. of Northington (before Henley).

Ld. privy seal D. of Marlborough.

Admiralty Ld. Egmont.

Ordnance M. of Granby.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland E. of Northumberland.

Visct. Weymouth, succ. 1765.

Secretary at war W. Ellis.

4. РОКИНГЕМ, июль 1765 года.

First ld. treasury M. of Rockingham.

Secs. of state { s. dept. H. S. Conway.

D. of Richmond, succ. May, 1766.

n. dept. D. of Grafton.

H. S. Conway, succ. May, 1766.

Ld. president E. of Winchelsea.

Ld. chancellor E. of Northington.

Ld. privy seal D. of Newcastle.

Ch. exchequer W. Dowdeswell.

Admiralty Ld. Egmont.

Ordnance M. of Granby.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland M. of Hertford.

Secretary at war Visct. Barrington.

5. ЧАТХЭМ, август 1766 года.

First ld. treasury D. of Grafton.

Secs. of state { s. dept. E. of Shelburne.

n. dept. H. S. Conway.

Ld. president E. of Northington.

Ld. chancellor Ld. Camden.

Ld. privy seal E. of Chatham.

Ch. exchequer C. Townshend.

Ld. North, succ. Sept., 1767.

Admiralty Sir C. Saunders.

Sir E. Hawke, succ. Dec, 1766.

Ordnance M. of Granby.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland E. of Bristol.

Visct. Townshend, succ. Oct., 1767.

Secretary at war Visct. Barrington.

6. ГРАФТОН, декабрь 1767 года.

First ld. treasury D. of Grafton.

Secs. of state { s. dept. E. of Shelburne.

Visct. Weymouth, succ. Oct., 1768.

n. dept. Visct. Weymouth.

E. of Rochford, succ. Oct., 1768.

colonies E. of Hillsborough, apptd. Jan., 1768.

Ld. president E. Gower.

Ld. chancellor Ld. Camden.

C. Yorke, received great seal, Jan. 17, d. 20th, 1770.

Ld. privy seal E. of Chatham.

E. of Bristol, succ. Oct., 1768.

Ch. exchequer Ld. North.

Admiralty Sir E. Hawke.

Ordnance M. of Granby.

Unofficial H. S. Conway, in cabinet.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland Visct. Townshend.

Secretary at war Visct. Barrington.

7. НОРТ, январь 1770 года.

First ld. treas. and ch. exchequer Ld. North.

Secs. of state s. dept. Visct. Weymouth.

E. of Rochford, succ. Dec., 1770.

Visct. Weymouth, succ. Nov., 1775.

E. of Hillsborough, succ. Nov., 1779.

n. dept. E. of Rochford.

E. of Sandwich, succ. Dec., 1770.

E. of Halifax, succ. Jan., 1771.

E. of Suffolk, succ. June, 1771.

Visct. Stormont, succ. Oct., 1779.

colonies E. of Hillsborough.

E. of Dartmouth, succ. Aug., 1772.

Ld. G. Germain, succ. Nov., 1775.

W. Ellis, succ. March, 1782.

Ld. president E. Gower.

E. Bathurst (bef. Apsley), succ. Nov., 1779.

Ld. chancellor Great seal in commission.

Ld. Apsley, 1771.

Ld. Thurlow, succ. June, 1778.

Ld. privy seal E. of Halifax.

E. of Suffolk, succ. Jan., 1771.

D. of Grafton, succ. June, 1771.

E. of Dartmouth, succ. Nov., 1775.

Admiralty Sir E. Hawke.

E. of Sandwich, succ. Jan., 1771.

Ordnance M. of Granby.

Visct. Townshend, succ. Oct., 1772.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland Visct. Townshend.

E. Harcourt, succ. 1772.

E. of Buckinghamshire, succ. 1777.

E. of Carlisle, succ. 1780.

Secretary at war Visct. Barrington.

C. Jenkinson, succ. Dec., 1778.

8. РОКИНГЕМ, март 1782 года.

First ld. treasury M. of Rockingham.

Secs. of state { home E. of Shelburne.

foreign C. J. Fox.

Ch. exchequer Ld. J. Cavendish.

Ld. president Ld. Camden.

Ld. chancellor Ld. Thurlow.

Ld. privy seal D. of Grafton.

Admiralty Visct. Keppel.

Ordnance D. of Richmond.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland D. of Portland.

Secretary at war T. Townshend.

9. ШЕЛБУРН, июль 1782 года.

First ld. treasury E. of Shelburne.

Secs. of state { home T. Townshend.

foreign Ld. Grantham.

Ld. president Ld. Camden.

Ld. chancellor Ld. Thurlow.

Ld. privy seal D. of Grafton.

Ch. exchequer W. Pitt.

Admiralty Visct. Keppel.

Ordnance D. of Richmond.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland E. Temple.

Secretary at war Sir G. Yonge.

10. КОАЛИЦИЯ, НОРТ и ФОКС, апрель 1783 года.

First ld. treasury D. of Portland.

Secs. of state { home Ld. North.

foreign C. J. Fox.

Ld. president Visct. Stormont.

Ld. chancellor Great seal in commission.

Ld. privy seal E. of Carlisle.

Ch. exchequer Ld. J. Cavendish.

Admiralty Visct. Keppel.

Ordnance Visct. Townshend.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland E. of Northington.

Secretary at war R. Fitzpatrick.

11. ПИТТ, декабрь 1783 года.

First ld. treas. and ch. exchequer W. Pitt

Secs. of state home E. Temple, sole sec. for one day.

Lord Sydney (before T. Townshend).

W. W. Grenville, succ. June, 1789.

H. Dundas, succ. June, 1791.

D. of Portland, succ. July, 1794.

foreign M. of Carmarthen (1789 D. of Leeds).

Ld. Grenville (before W. W. Grenville), succ. June, 1791.

war H. Dundas, apptd. July, 1794.

Ld. president E. Gower.

Ld. Camden, succ. Dec, 1784.

E. Fitzwilliam, succ. July, 1794.

E. of Mansfield (before Stormont), succ. Dec., 1794.

E. of Chatham, succ. Dec, 1796.

Ld. chancellor Ld. Thurlow.

Ld. Loughborough, succ. Jan., 1793.

Ld. privy seal D. of Rutland.

E. Gower (1786 M. of Stafford), succ.. Nov., 1784.

E. Spencer, succ. July, 1794.

E. of Chatham, succ. Dec., 1794.

E. of Westmorland, succ. Feb., 1798.

Admiralty Visct. Howe.

E. of Chatham, succ. July, 1788.

E. Spencer, succ. Dec, 1794.

Ordnance E. of Richmond.

M. Cornwallis, succ.. Feb., 1795.

Ld.-lieut. Ireland D. of Rutland.

M. of Buckingham (before E. Temple), succ. 1787.

E. of Westmorland, succ. 1790.

E. Fitzwilliam, succ. 1794.

E. Camden, succ. 1795.

M. Cornwallis, succ. 1798.

Secretary at war Sir G. Yonge, not in cabinet.

W. Windham, succ. July, 1794, in cabinet.

СНОСКИ:

[318] При составлении этих списков я почерпнул много полезного из «Книги достоинств» (Book of Dignities) под редакцией г-на Окерби, 1890, хотя мои списки не всегда совпадают с ней. Деление сфер деятельности государственных секретарей на северный и южный департаменты было исключительно вопросом удобства, и я не уверен, что моя попытка отразить изменения в департаментах является точной в каждом отдельном случае.

[319] Не входит в Кабинет министров.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ III.

РОД ГРЕНВИЛЛОВ.

Richard Grenville of Wotton, Bucks, ob. 1727. = Hester Temple, succ. Visctess. Cobham, cr. Ctess. Temple.

Richard Grenville-Temple,[320] E. Temple, o.s.v.p., 1779. George[321] ob. 1770. James ob. 1783 Hester cr. Ctess. Chatham. = William Pitt, E. of Chatham, ob. 1778.

George, E. Temple,[322] cr. M. of Buckingham, 1784, ob. 1813. Thomas,[323] o.s.p., 1846. William Wyndham,[324] cr. Baron Grenville, 1790, o.s.p., 1834. James, cr. Baron Glastonbury, o.s.p., 1825. John, E. of Chatham, o.s.p., 1835. William Pitt, ob. cael., 1806.

/ \

СНОСКИ:

[320] В 1760 г. хранитель Малой печати; в отставке с 1761 г.

[321] В 1760 г. казначей флота; государственный секретарь в 1762 г.; первый лорд Казначейства и канцлер Казначейства в 1763–65 гг.

[322] Лорд-наместник Ирландии в 1782 г.; один день государственный секретарь в 1783 г.; лорд-наместник Ирландии в 1787 г.

[323] Полномочный министр в Париже в 1782 г.; посол в Вене в 1793 г.; собиратель книг.

[324] Главный секретарь по делам Ирландии в 1782 г.; генерал-паймейстер в 1783 г.; спикер в 1789 г.; государственный секретарь внутренних дел в 1789 г.; государственный секретарь иностранных дел в 1791 г.; первый лорд Казначейства в 1806 г.

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ.

Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 377, 389;

commander-in-chief in Ireland, 405, 406, 430, 436, 439.

Abington, Mrs., 258.

Abukir bay, 417, 439. See Nile, battle of the.

Academy, Royal, 262.

A'Court, General, 52.

Acre, siege of, 418, 419.

Acton, Sir John, 427.

Adam, William, advocate, 358.

Adam, Robert, architect, 262.

Adams, John, 132, 134.

Adams, Samuel, 60, 109, 124-126, 132, 142, 147.

Addington, Henry (afterwards Viscount Sidmouth), 187;

speaker, 315, 452, 453;

first lord of treasury and chancellor of exchequer, 454.

Agricultural revolution, 273-278.

Aiguillon, Duc d', 114, 115.

Эйткен, Джеймс, «Джон Маляр» (John the Painter), 170.

Albany (U.S.A.), 172, 173, 176, 178-180.

Albemarle, Earl of (Keppel), general, 37.

Alessandria, convention signed at, 437.

Alexandria taken by the French, 416.

Alien act, 341, 403.

Alkmaar, 430.

Allen, Ethan, 144, 151.

Almon, John, 116, 324.

Alvinzi, Austrian general, 382, 390.

Ambleteuse, 401.

Amboy (U.S.A.), 169.

American colonies, proposed taxation of, 54, 57;

trade advantages of, 55;

contraband trade of, 56;

stamp duty imposed upon, 59, 60;

troubles in, 61;

claim exemption from taxation, 62, 63;

the Townshend duties in, 83, 84;

penal laws against Massachusetts, 128;

quartering bill in, 129;

first continental congress, 132;

outbreak of war in, 139;

второй конгресс, «Соединенные Колонии» (United Colonies), 146;

declaration of Independence, 158.

American War of Independence, 139-169, 172-188, 191, 193-198, 214-216, 218-226, 238-244.

Amherst, Sir Jeffrey (later baron), 58, 89, 186.

Amsterdam, 209;

pensionary of, 210.

Andover, parliamentary election for, 19.

André, Major, 215, 216.

Anson, George, Lord Anson, admiral, first lord of the admiralty, 8, 16, 29, 35.

Anti-jacobin, the, 399.

Antwerp, conference at, 349.

Arbuthnot, Marriot, admiral, 219.

Architecture, state of, 261.

Arcola, battle of, 390.

Arcot, capture of, 196, 237;

nawáb of, 232.

Arden, Pepper, master of the rolls, 306.

Arklow (Ireland), battle of, 411.

Arkwright, Richard, 271, 272.

Armagh, Archbishop of (William Stuart), 45.

Armed Neutrality, leagues of, 208-210, 441, 442.

Armistead, Mrs., 309.

Arnold, Benedict, 144, 151, 152, 156, 166, 178;

treachery of, 215, 216, 221-223, 225.

Artois, Comte d', 376, 377.

Asaf-ud-Daulá, nawáb wazír of Oudh, 249.

Atholl, Duke of (Stewart Murray), 63.

Окленд, граф. См. Эден, Уильям.

Augsburg, proposed congress at, 23.

Austen, Jane, 260.

Австрия. См. Франц II; Иосиф II; Леопольд II.

Austria, makes war for Silesia, 17, 23, 24, 36;

joins the league of armed neutrality, 208;

aggressive policy under Joseph II., 297-298;

war with Turks, 325-326;

agreement with Prussia against revolution in France, 334;

war with France, 334, 337;

joins the first coalition, 340;

aims of, 351, 361;

renews hostilities, 374;

losses in Italy, 380;

peace with France, 390, 397;

joins second coalition, 423;

deserts it, 440.

Austrian Netherlands, plan of exchange 297, 349, 351;

revolt of, 325, 326;

French party in, 331;

French invasion of, 336, 337;

occupation of, 342;

French evacuate, 349;

French conquest of, 360-363;

surrender of proposed, 383;

emperor surrenders, 397;

Belgium ceded to France, 440.

Bacon, John, sculptor, 263.

Bahama islands, 217, 243.

Bakewell, Robert, grazier, 275.

Ballinamuck, battle of, 414.

Baltimore (U.S.A.), 168, 225.

Bank of England, suspension of cash payments, 387, 388;

grants a loan, 435.

Banks, Sir Joseph, 263.

Barbadoes, 199, 227.

Barras, Comte de, 224.

Barré, Isaac, colonel, 52, 59, 107, 117, 130, 139, 238, 240, 253.

Barri, Madame du, 114.

Barrier treaty (1713), 297.

Barrington, Samuel, admiral, 195, 202.

Barrington, Viscount (Barrington), 20, 35;

secretary at war, 68, 96, 153.

Basle, treaty between Prussia and France signed at, 374.

Bass, George, 264.

Bastia, captured by British, 363.

Bastille, fall of the, 316.

Bath, Earl of (Pulteney), 16.

Bathurst, Earl (previously Lord Apsley); lord chancellor, 115;

lord president of council, 203.

Bavaria, Elector of, subsidiary treaty between Great Britain and, 436.

См. Австрийские Нидерланды относительно плана обмена.

Baxár, battle of, 78.

Beaufoy, Henry, M.P., 295.

Beaumarchais, dramatist, 182.

Beckford, William, alderman, 32, 76, 100, 107, 110, 111;

death of, 116, 260.

Bedford, Duke of (Russell), 8, 26, 31;

privy seal, 32-34;

ambassador at Paris, 38, 44, 46-48;

lord president of the council, 49, 52, 65-67, 89, 100, 274, 359.

Бельгия. См. Австрийские Нидерланды.

Belle Ile, capture of, 15, 23, 24, 26, 40.

Bennington, battle at, 177.

Beresford, John, 369, 370.

Bergues, 353.

Bernard, Sir Francis, governor of Massachusetts, 82, 88;

recalled, 91.

Bewick, John, 263.

Bewick, Thomas, 263.

Bill of Rights Society, 104.

Бирмингемские беспорядки. См. Беспорядки.

Black, Joseph, 263.

Blackstock, battle at, 221.

Blackstone, Sir William, his Commentaries on the Laws of England, 6, 261.

Blake, William, artist poet, 260.

Blanca, Florida (corr. Florida Blanca), 210, 319, 320.

Bligh, Captain, 263.

Bloomsbury gang, 87.

Блумсбери-сквер. См. Лондон.

Bolingbroke, Viscount (St. John), his Idea of a Patriot King, 6.

Bompard, Admiral, 415.

Bonaparte, Joseph, 439.

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 375;

first Italian expedition, 380-383, 390, 397, 401, 402, 414;

his Egyptian campaign, 415-417;

his Syrian campaign, 418-420, 424, 431;

first consul, 432;

negotiates with England for peace, 433, 436;

second Italian expedition, 437;

offers peace to the emperor, 437, 438;

proposes naval armistice with Great Britain, 440;

makes a treaty with the United States, 442;

schemes against England, 443, 445.

Bonhomme Richard, the, 197.

Boscawen, Admiral, 15.

Boston, opposition to stamp act, 60, 61;

massacre, 109, 124, 125;

riot, 126-128;

port bill, 129;

harbour closed, 132, 138;

siege of, 139, 142;

evacuation of, 155, 157, 161, 179, 194, 198.

Bouillé, Marquis de, 227.

Bounties, 273, 274;

corn, 404;

on importation of wheat, 435, 444, 445.

Bouquet, Colonel, 58.

Boydell, John, 263.

Braddock, General, 146.

Brandywine, battle of the, 174.

Brant, Joseph, Mohawk chief, 178.

Braxfield, Robert, Lord Braxfield (Macqueen), 357.

Breeds hill (U.S.A.), 148.

Bremen, 362.

Brest, 193, 197, 217, 226, 386, 390, 432.

Briand, Bishop, 152.

Bridgewater, Duke of (Egerton), 271.

Bridport, Viscount (Alexander Hood), admiral, 376, 387, 390.

Brindley, James, 271.

Bristol, Burke returned as member for, 136;

rejected, 212;

corporation of, 186;

petition from, 138.

Bristol, Earl of (George William Hervey), ambassador at Madrid, 27-29, 32.

Bristol, Earl of (Frederick Augustus Hervey), Bishop of Derry, 289.

Broglie, Marshal de, 14.

Brooklyn (Long Island), battle of, 164, 169.

Bruce, James, 264.

Brueys, Admiral, 416, 417.

Brückenmühle, battle of, 36.

Brune, French general, 430, 440.

Brunswick (Canada), 167, 169.

Brunswick, Charles, Duke of, 154.

Brunswick, Charles William Ferdinand, Prince and Duke of, 300, 336, 351, 354, 360.

Brunswick, Ferdinand, Prince of, 14, 36.

Brussels, 360;

French occupation of, 361.

Buccarelli, governor of Buenos Ayres, 113, 114.

Букингем-хаус. См. Лондон.

Букингем, маркиз. См. Темпл, граф.

Buckinghamshire, Earl of (Hobart), Viceroy of Ireland, 202.

Buckinghamshire, Lady, 257.

Buenos Ayres, expedition against, 38.

Bunbury, Sir Charles, 257, 260.

Bunker hill, battle of, 148-150, 152, 155, 185.

Burgoyne, Sir John, general, 37, 122, 145, 147, 155, 156, 166, 172-181, 183, 186, 191.

Burke, Edmund, speech on American colonies, 70, 89, 99;

opposed to parliamentary reform, 105;

«Мысли о причинах нынешнего недовольства» (Thoughts on the Causes of the Present Discontents), автор, 106, 107, 110, 116-121, 127-130, 136, 137, 139, 145, 160, 169, 170, 188, 192, 200-202;

economical reform, 203, 204, 212, 213, 217, 226;

paymaster of forces, 229, 240, 246, 247, 249, 250, 253, 255, 261, 265, 266, 268;

opposes Pitt's India bill, 286, 288, 302-304, 314, 322, 327;

Reflections on the French Revolution, by, 329;

quarrel with Fox, 330;

Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs, by, 330, 333, 339-342;

on war with France, 347;

retires from parliament, 366;

urges relief of catholic disabilities, 367;

Letter on a Regicide Peace, by, 382, 385;

death of, 396.

Burkersdorf, battle of, 36.

Burney, Fanny (Madame d'Arblay), 260.

Burns, Robert, 260.

Bushy Run, Indians defeated at, 58.

Bussy, Comte de, 24-27.

Bute, Earl of (Stuart), 5;

enters cabinet, 8, 11, 12;

acts with Pitt, 15;

his insincerity, 17;

his peace policy, 17;

his power secured, 19-20;

secretary of state, 20-23, 26, 28, 29, 31-34;

first lord of the treasury, 35, 42, 43;

retires from office, 44, 45;

king's private adviser, 45-49, 51-52, 65, 66;

ceases to be, 67, 112, 187.

Butler, John, colonel, 178, 194.

Byron, Commodore, 263.

Cabinet, changes in the character of the, 7-9;

system, 7-9, 33, 229;

George III.'s first, how composed, 8;

советы, доклады и сообщения о них, 8, 12, 28-30, 35, 60, 70, 76, 90, 206, 229, 238, 246, 310, 312, 369, 383, 452;

sovereign ceases to preside over council, 12.

Cadiz, 199, 211, 388, 390, 395, 439.

Cæsar's camp, capture of, 350, 351.

Caldiero, 390.

Calonne, French minister, 331.

Cambrai, 360.

Cambridge (U.S.A.), 143, 148, 151.

Camden, 219;

battle of, 220, 223.

Camden, Charles, first Earl (Pratt), chief justice of the common pleas, 47;

created Baron Camden, 68, 71;

chancellor, 74, 76, 90, 100, 101;

dismissed from office, 102, 116;

lord president of the council, 229, 287, 324.

Camden, John Jeffries, second Earl, 370, 385, 412.

Campbell, Colonel, 195.

Camperdown, battle of, 398.

Campo Formio, treaty of, 397, 436, 437.

Canada, conquest of, 1, 2, 23, 26, 40, 57;

Quebec act, 129-131, 133, 146;

congress orders an invasion of, 151, 152, 155, 166, 172, 176;

France renounces all claim on, 183;

Franklin proposes the cession of, to the Americans, 239-240;

Pitt's Canada bill, 329-330.

Canals, 271.

Canning, George, 372, 396;

under secretary for foreign affairs, 399, 433, 452, 454.

Canterbury, Archbishops of, John Moore, 451;

Thomas Seeker, 60.

Cape Breton, 23, 24, 26, 40, 129.

Cape de Verde islands, 237.

Cape Fear, 157.

Cape St. Vincent, battle of, 388, 389.

Caracciolo, Francesco, 429.

Каргемптон, граф. См. Латтрелл, Генри Лоус.

Carleton, Sir Guy, 130, 151, 152, 155, 156, 166-168;

resigns office, 173;

at New York, 228, 242.

Carlisle, Earl of (Howard), 202;

viceroy of Ireland, 232, 233, 243, 245, 340.

Карлтон-хаус. См. Лондон.

Carmarthen, Earl of (Osborne), afterwards Duke of Leeds, foreign secretary, 251, 297, 298, 300, 321, 325;

resigns office, 328, 333.

Carnot, organiser of victories, 353, 354, 396.

Каролина Брансуикская. См. Уэльская, принцесса.

Caroline of Denmark, queen, sister of George III., 119.

Carronades, 233.

Carron ironworks, 270.

Cassano, battle of, 425.

Cassel, 14;

surrender of, 36.

Carteret, Philip, R.N., 263.

Cartwright, Edmund, 273.

Castlebar, the race of, 413.

Castlereagh, Viscount (Stewart), secretary of state for Ireland, 447, 449, 450, 452.

Catherine II., Empress of Russia, 36;

союз с Фридрихом Прусским, 74, 75, 114, 208, 209, 296, 297, 299, 324-328, 331, 338, 349, 351, 374;

death of, 384, 390, 441.

Cavendish, Lord John, chancellor of the exchequer, 229, 240, 246, 263.

Cawdor, Lord (Campbell), 387.

Ceylon, Dutch settlements in, taken by the English, 378.

Chait Singh (rájá of Benares), 248, 249.

Chambers, Sir William, 262.

Chamblée (Canada), 151.

Charlemont, Earl of (Caulfield), 94, 202, 232, 289.

Charles, Archduke, 382, 425, 426, 439.

Charles Emmanuel, King of Sardinia, 349, 354, 425.

Charles VII., King of Denmark, 441.

Charles III., King of Spain, 24-25, 114.

Charleston (U.S.A.), 148, 149, 157, 198, 219, 221, 223.

Charlotte, Princess, 373.

Charlotte Sophia, queen of George III., 22, 313.

Charlotte (U.S.A.), 220.

Чатем, первый граф. См. Питт, Уильям, старший.

Чатем, второй граф. См. Питт, Джон.

Chatterton, Thomas, 259.

Chauvelin, French ambassador to England, 324, 336, 337, 339, 340-343.

Chesterfield, Earl of (Stanhope, Philip Dormer), 94, 261.

Choiseul, Duc de, 23-29, 74, 112, 114, 192.

Chouans, the, 376.

Christian, Admiral, 377.

Churchill, Charles, satirist, 43.

Cider tax, 43;

repealed, 72.

Civil list settled, 13;

arrears of, 80, 99, 108, 171, 231, 284;

Burke's proposed reform of, 204, 213;

curtailment of the expenditure of, 238.

Clairfait, Austrian general, 361, 375.

Клэр, граф. См. Фицгиббон, Джон.

Clarkson, Thomas, philanthropist, 295.

Clerk of Eldin, naval tactician, 235.

Клинтон, сэр Генри, 145, 149, 157, 164, 168, 174, 175, 178-181, 193-195, 197-198, 215, 216, 218-226, 228.

Clive, Robert, Baron Clive, 1;

returns to England, 76;

succeeded in India by Vansittart, 77;

made governor of Bengal, 78;

returns to England, 79;

parliamentary inquiry held into the conduct of, 122;

death of, 123, 248.

Клубы. См. Лондон.

Coalition ministry, the, 244-246, 249-250;

dismissed, 251.

Coalitions against France, the first, 349, 351, 363;

the second, 420, 421, 423.

Cobenzl, imperial ambassador, 439, 440.

Coblentz, 331.

Coburg, Duke of, 350, 351, 353, 354, 360, 361.

Colberg, surrender of, 14.

Coleridge, Samuel T., 260.

Collier, Sir George, admiral, 197, 198.

Collingwood, Captain, R.N., 388, 389.

Colman, George (the younger), 258.

Colonial policy of Great Britain, 54-63, 69, 70-72, 84, 88-91, 109-110, 121-128.

Colooney, Vereker defeated by French at, 414.

Commutation tax, 284.

Conciliation bills, 138, 139, 145, 146.

Concord (U.S.A.), 140, 144, 145.

Condé, Prince of, 316, 350, 354.

Connecticut (U.S.A.), 61, 134, 143, 144, 167, 197, 225.

Constantinople, 327, 328, 418.

Constitutional Information, Society for, 335, 338.

Conway, Henry Seymour, 52, 59;

secretary of state, 68, 69, 73, 75, 80, 82;

resigns office, 87, 102, 103, 112, 225;

commander-in-chief, 229.

Cook, Captain, 263.

Cooke, Edward, Irish under-secretary, 446.

Coote, Sir Eyre, 237, 238.

Копенгаген-Филдс, митинг в. См. Лондон.

Córdova, Don Luis de, Spanish admiral, 211, 388.

Cornwall, Charles Wolfran, speaker, 213;

death of, 313.

Cornwallis, Lord, general, 157, 167, 168, 174, 175, 198, 219-226, 249;

his mission to Frederick II., 299;

governor-general of India, 305;

created marquis, 305, 328;

master-general of ordnance, 366;

lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 412-414, 419, 446, 447, 449, 452.

Corsica, 74;

French annexation of, 98, 112;

English conquest of, 363, 375;

loss of, 382.

Cort of Gosport, 270.

Cowpens, battle at the, 221.

Cowper, William, 259, 265.

Crabbe, George, 259.

Crewe, Mrs., 283.

Crillon, Duc de, 236.

Crimea, conquest of, 327.

Уголовное правосудие, отправление. См. Англия.

Crompton, Samuel, inventor, 271.

Crosby, Brass, lord-mayor of London, 118.

Crown Point (Canada), fort, 144, 146, 166, 176.

Cuddalore, battle of, 237, 238.

Cumberland, William, Duke of (uncle of George III.), 4;

head of section of whigs, 34, 40;

helps the king to form a ministry, 65, 67;

sudden death of, 69, 257.

Cumberland, Henry Frederick, Duke of (brother of George III.), 119.

Cumberland, Richard, dramatist, 258.

Curaçao, under British protection, 439.

Curtis, Captain, R.N., 236.

Customs duties, Pitt's bill for consolidation of the, 294, 295.

По колониальным вопросам см. Американские колонии.

Cuxhaven occupied by Prussians, 442.

D'Aché, French commodore, 2.

Darby, Admiral, 211, 217.

Dashwood, Sir Francis (afterwards Lord Despencer), chancellor of the exchequer, 35, 43;

retires from office, 45, 50.

Darlington, Countess of, 145.

Dartmouth, Earl of (William Legge), secretary for colonies, 124, 128, 136-138, 145, 153, 156, 157;

privy seal, 159, 265.

Daulat Ráo Sindhia (Maráthá lord), 419.

Дофин. См. Людовик XVII.

Dawson, Nancy (afterwards Lady Maynard), 86.

Deane, Silas, 170, 181.

Дебаты, публикация. См. Парламент.

Debating societies, bill for restricting, 434.

Declaratory act, American, 71, 72, 160.

Declaration of independence, American, 158, 182.

Denmark, proposed defensive alliance with, 75;

joins the league of armed neutrality, 208;

quarrel with England, 441;

joins the maritime confederacy, 442.

Derby race, the first, 257.

Devonshire, Duke of (Cavendish), 8, 20, 29, 31, 34, 35, 40, 48.

Devonshire, Duchess of, Georgiana, 283.

Diamond (Ireland), battle at, 385.

Dickinson, John, The Farmer's Letters by, 85.

Dixon, Wexford rebel, 412.

Djezzar, pasha of Syria, 418.

Dogger Bank, battle off the, 212.

Dolben, Sir Samuel, 296.

Dominica, 14, 24, 40, 195;

battle off (Battle of the Saints), 235, 243, 377.

Donegal, Lord (Chichester), 92.

Dorchester heights (near Boston), 148, 154.

Douglas, Dr. John, Bishop of Salisbury, his Seasonable Hints, 16.

Douglas, Sir Charles, captain of fleet, 234, 235.

Dowdeswell, William, chancellor of the exchequer, 68, 99, 107, 108, 116, 117, 128.

Draper, Sir William, general, 38.

Dublin, 370, 407, 409, 447.

Duddingston, lieutenant, 125.

Дуэли и дуэлянтство. См. Англия.

Dugommier, 355.

Dumouriez, 334, 337, 349.

Duncan, Admiral, 390, 393, 394, 398;

created Viscount Duncan of Camperdown, 398, 399, 400.

Dundas, Henry (first Viscount Melville), 247;

India Bill introduced by, 249-250;

treasurer of navy, 251, 284, 286, 303-306, 309;

secretary of state, 366, 367, 377, 438, 451, 452, 454.

Dundas, Sir David, general, 362.

Dunkirk, 74, 243, 351;

siege of, 353, 401.

Dunmore, Earl of (Murray), 156.

Dunning, John (afterwards Baron Ashburton), 102, 139, 169, 170, 204, 229, 238.

Голландцы. См. Голландия и Соединенные Провинции.

Dutens, Louis, 251.

Ост-Индская компания. См. Индия.

Economical reform, 203, 231;

petitions for, from towns, 204.

Экономический прогресс. См. Англия.

Eden, William (afterwards Earl of Auckland), 233, 293;

created Lord Auckland, 350;

postmaster-general, 451.

Edgcumbe, Lord (Edgcumbe), treasurer of the household, 75.

Edgeworth, Maria, 260.

Effingham, Earl of (Howard), 159.

Egmont, Lord (Perceval), first lord of the admiralty, 54, 68.

Egremont, Earl of (Wyndham), secretary of state, 32, 46;

death of, 47, 257.

El Arish, captured, 418;

convention of, 432.

Элдон, лорд. См. Скотт, Джон.

Выборы, всеобщие. См. Парламент.

Выборы, акт Гренвилла. См. Парламент.

Eliott, George Augustus, general, 196, 211;

created Baron Heathfield, 236, 341.

Elizabeth, Empress of Russia, 33.

Elliot, Sir Gilbert (afterwards Lord Minto), 341, 437.

Ellis, Welbore (afterwards Baron Mendip), treasurer of navy, 192;

secretary of state, 228.

Emmet, Thomas, 368.

Император. См. Франц II, Иосиф II и Леопольд II.

Огораживания и акты об огораживании. См. Англия.

Англия: —

Criminal law, administration of the, 265-266.

Duels and duelling, 50, 204, 257, 403-404.

Economic progress, 269-279, 281.

Enclosures and enclosure acts, 274-276.

Machinery and steam and water power, 270-273.

Manufactures, 200, 207;

glass, 202;

woollen, 202;

iron, 269;

cotton, 269, 272, 273;

silk, 276.

Mercantile system, 269.

Social progress, 255-268.

Trade of, 268, 269, 270, 443.

Erskine, Thomas (afterwards Lord Erskine), 306, 324, 335, 358.

Essay on Woman, 50.

Estaing, Count d', 193, 195, 198, 199.

Eutaw springs, battle at, 223.

Ewart, Joseph, British ambassador at Berlin, 298, 299.

Factories, employment of children in, 278.

Falkland islands, Spain and the, 112-114.

Falmouth, Earl (Boscawen), 135.

Falmouth (Portland, Me.), 135, 154.

Family compact (Bourbon), 25, 28, 33, 74, 112, 320, 321.

Farren, Elizabeth (afterwards Countess of Derby), 288.

Feathers petition, the, 118, 119.

Ferdinand IV., King of Naples, 380, 382, 422, 423, 426-429, 431.

Ferguson, Major, 220.

Ferrol attacked, 439.

Fitzgerald, Lady Edward (Pamela), 386.

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, 386, 406, 407.

Fitzgibbon, John (afterwards Earl of Clare), 369-371, 406, 446.

Fitzherbert, Mrs., 308.

Fitzwilliam, Earl (Wentworth-Fitzwilliam), 340;

president of council, 366;

lord-lieutenant of Ireland, 368, 369;

recalled, 370, 372, 385.

Flaxman, John, 263.

Fleurus, battle of, 361.

Flinders, Matthew, discoverer, 264.

Flood, Henry, 94, 289, 232.

Floridas, 41, 195, 196;

reduced, 197, 211;

ceded to Spain, 243.

Foley, Sir Thomas, captain, R.N., 417.

Fontainebleau, treaty of, 299, 338.

Foote, Samuel, dramatist, 258, 427.

Fort Edward, surrender of, 176-178.

Fort George, 177, 178.

Fort Lee, surrender of, 167.

Fort Pitt, 58.

Fort Royal (Martinique), 218, 226, 234.

Fort St. James (Africa), 243.

Fort Stanwix, 176, 178.

Fort Washington, surrender of, 167.

Fort Western (Augusta, Me.), 151.

Fox, Charles James (son of Henry Fox, Baron Holland), 95, 118, 120;

resigns office and re-enters the ministry, 121;

dismissed from office, 127, 160, 162, 169, 170, 186, 190, 191, 202, 204, 212-214, 226, 228;

foreign secretary, 229, 230, 232, 233, 238, 239;

resigns seals, 240, 243;

forms a coalition with North, 244, 245;

secretary of state, 246;

India bills, 249, 254, 256-258, 280-284;

opposes Pitt's India bill, 286, 288, 290, 291, 293-296, 302, 303, 306-314;

views on the French revolution, 317, 318, 322, 323;

libel bill, 324, 327-330, 332, 333, 335-337, 340, 341, 343, 344, 347, 356;

desires peace, 357, 358-359, 373, 374, 378-380, 384, 388, 392, 399;

opposes Pitt's budget, 400;

removed from privy council, 402, 403, 404, 433, 434.

Fox, Henry (afterwards Lord Holland), 21, 35, 39-40, 43;

created Baron Holland, 44, 49, 67, 95.

«Мученики Фокса» (Fox's Martyrs), 254.

Fox, Stephen, 256.

France, loss of her colonies and maritime power, 1-2;

anxious for peace, 23;

negotiations with, 23-27;

alliance with Spain, 25-33;

peace with, signed, 40, 41;

Bourbon schemes of aggrandisement, 74;

annexes Corsica, 98;

navy of, 112;

refuses to help Spain against England, 114;

alliance with Americans, 181-183, 187, 191;

philosophic movement in, 182;

war between England and, 193, 195, 211, 217-220, 227-236;

accepts the propositions of Russia with regard to neutrals, 208;

schemes of conquests, 211, 236;

peace between England and, 242, 243;

commercial and navigation treaties with, 257, 293, 294;

attempts upon Holland by, 295-301;

war declared with Francis II., 324;

treaty of commerce with, 1786, 341;

war declared with England and Holland, 342;

first coalition against, 349;

treaty between the United Provinces and, 363;

treaty with Grand Duke of Tuscany, 363;

treaty with Spain, 363;

second coalition against, 420.

См. Французская революция.

France, revolutionary army of, 350, 353.

Francis, Philip, 99, 100, 247, 286, 302.

Francis II. of Austria, 334, 336, 337, 349, 390, 397.

Frankfort, capture of, 337.

Franklin, Benjamin, 59, 125-127, 136, 138, 145, 155, 156, 182, 228, 239, 240, 242, 243.

Фридрих Великий, Прусский, его

alliance with England, 2;

his Silesian war, 13-14;

subsidy to, 2, 17, 23, 26, 27, 33;

British subsidy refused, 34;

offended, 40-42;

declines Chatham's proposal for a defensive alliance, 75, 154, 160;

America seeks help from, 182, 208;

joins the league of armed neutrality, 208-209, 298;

death of, 299.

Frederick William II. of Prussia, 299, 300, 325-328, 331, 334, 338-339, 351, 354, 360, 361, 363, 374.

Frederick William III. of Prussia, 421, 423, 436, 437, 440, 442.

Freeman's Farm, battle of, 178.

French Revolution, 315;

meeting of states-general at Versailles, 316;

national assembly, 316;

bread riots in Paris, 317;

views of Burke on the, 318, 329;

flight of Louis XVI., 330;

the new constitution accepted, 331;

insurrection in Paris, 336;

king and queen imprisoned, 336;

allied armies enter France, 337;

revolutionary societies, 338, 339;

execution of Louis XVI., 342;

war declared against England, 342, 343;

fighting in the Netherlands, 349-351;

surrender of Toulon, 352;

second committee of public safety, 353;

the Vendeans appeal to England for help, 354;

siege and evacuation of Toulon, 355;

siege of Landrecies, 360;

capitulation, 361;

fall of Robespierre, 372;

new constitution adopted, 375;

expedition to Quiberon, 376;

war in the West Indies, 377;

campaign in Italy, 380;

German campaign, 382;

campaign in Spain, 388-390;

preliminaries for peace, 396-398;

projected invasion of England, 401;

army of England, 402;

Egyptian campaign, 415-417;

Syrian campaign, 418, 419;

occupation of Naples, 422;

war of the second coalition, 425;

conquest of Italy by Suvorov, 425;

invasion of Holland, 429, 430;

overthrow of the directory, 432;

consulate, 432;

Italian campaign, 436, 437;

предлагаемое перемирие с Великобританией,

438, 439;

treaty of Lunéville, 440.

Freya, Danish ship, case of the, 441.

Freytag, Marshal, 353.

Friends of the People, Society of the, 324, 335, 357.

Frost, John, 357.

Fuentes, Comte de, 25, 28.

Fürstenbund, the, 298-300.

Gage, Thomas, general, 61, 88, 127;

appointed governor of Massachusetts, 129, 131, 132, 137, 140, 143, 145, 147, 148, 150-154, 184.

Gainsborough, Thomas, 262.

Galitzin, Prince, Russian ambassador in London, 34.

Gambia ceded to England, 243.

Gambling, 256, 257.

Garrick, David, 258.

Gaspee, ship, case of the, 125.

Gates, Horatio, general, 177-179, 219-221.

Geisberg, Austrians defeated at, 354.

Genlis, Madame de, 386.

Genoa, siege of, 436;

capitulation of, 437.

George I., 6, 145.

George II., 1, 6.

George III., his accession, 1;

his education and character, 3-5;

his political system, 6, 7, 9, 10;

his scheme of attack on the whigs, 11;

first speech to parliament, 12;

civil list, 13;

love affair, 21;

marriage and coronation of, 22;

anger against Pitt, 29;

his success against the whigs, 35;

dissatisfied with Bute, 45;

attack of mental disorder, 64;

desires to make provision for a regency, 65;

opposes his ministers, 71;

disappointed by Chatham's illness, 85;

growth of personal power, 87;

his policy triumphant, 103;

contest with the city of London, 110, 111;

signs of mental excitement, 112;

family troubles, 119;

political predominance, 123;

his American policy, 131-135;

hires foreign troops, 154;

refuses to call Chatham to office, 188-189;

takes measures to suppress the Gordon riots, 206-207;

end of personal government, 229;

refuses to call Portland to office, 240;

hostile to the coalition ministry, 245-246;

unconstitutional move in the case of Fox's India bills, 250-251;

creates new peers, 253;

attempt on his life, 307;

insane, 309, 310, 453;

recovers, 314, 454;

его отношение к эмансипации

of the Irish catholics, 451-452, 453.

Georgetown, 221.

Georgia, 132, 134, 150, 195, 198, 215.

Жермен, лорд Джордж. См. Сэквилл, лорд Джордж.

German troops employed in America, 154, 159, 176, 177, 186.

Germantown, battle of, 174.

Германия, император. См. Франц II, Иосиф II и Леопольд II.

Gibbon, Edward, 261.

Gibraltar, 154, 160, 196, 198, 199, 210, 217, 236, 241, 243.

Gilbert's act, 277, 278.

Gillray, James, 257, 399.

Girondists, 334, 350.

Girtin, Thomas, painter, 262.

Glasgow, petition from, 138.

Gloucester (U.S.A.), 224;

surrender at, 225.

Gloucester, William Henry, Duke of (brother of the king), 119.

Glynn, Serjeant, 97, 104, 135.

Goddard, Colonel, 237.

Годой, Эммануэль, «Князь Мира» (Prince of the Peace), 363.

Goldsmith, Oliver, 258-260, 262.

Gordon, Lord George, 205, 207.

Гордоновские бунты. См. Беспорядки.

Goree (Africa), 2, 23, 24, 26, 41;

ceded to France, 243;

surrendered to the English, 439.

Gorey (Ireland), captured, 410.

Gower, second Earl (Leveson-Gower), afterwards Marquis of Stafford, president of the council, 87;

resigns, 202, 229, 245, 251;

privy seal, 287, 366.

Gower, Lord, 336, 337.

Gozo, surrender of, 422.

Grafton, Duke of (Fitzroy), 42, 47;

secretary of state, 68, 69;

resigns office, 73;

first lord of the treasury, 74, 80, 85, 86, 89, 90, 95;

resigns office, 102;

privy seal, 115;

resigns, 159, 160, 203;

again lord privy seal, 229, 244, 257, 274.

Granard (Ireland), rebellion in, 414.

Granby, Marquis of (Manners), 14, 36, 53;

commander-in-chief, 74, 90;

resigns, 102, 116.

Grantham, Lord (Robinson), secretary of state, 240.

Granville, Lord (Carteret), 8, 29, 30, 49.

Grasse, Count de, 217, 218, 223, 224, 226, 227, 234, 235.

Grattan, Henry, 201, 202, 232, 233, 290, 291, 315, 368, 369, 449, 450.

Graves, Samuel, admiral, 151, 153.

Graves, Thomas, admiral (afterwards Lord Graves), 218, 224, 226.

Gray, Thomas, 259.

Greene, Nathaniel, American general, 221-223.

Grenada, conquest of, 37, 195, 197, 243, 377.

Grenville, George, 9, 20, 21, 32, 34;

secretary of state, 35, 38;

the "gentle shepherd," 43, 44;

prime minister, 45, 46, 48-50, 53, 54;

proposes to tax the American colonies, 54, 57-59;

stamp act, 59, 60, 63-65;

dismissed from office, 67, 83, 96, 99, 100, 107;

elections act, 108, 109;

death of, 115, 116.

Grenville, Thomas, 239, 423.

Grenville, William Wyndham (afterwards Lord Grenville), 250, 252, 313;

home secretary, 315;

пожалован титул барона Гренвилла, государственный секретарь, 322, 327, 328, 334, 336, 338-340, 342, 343, 349, 352, 356, 359, 366, 373, 374, 379, 394, 396-398, 421, 423, 433, 438, 444, 452.

Greville, Charles, 422.

Grey, Sir Charles, general (afterwards first earl), 363, 364.

Grey, Charles (afterwards second Earl Grey), 294, 308, 341, 357, 372-374;

motion for parliamentary reform, 399, 447.

Grimaldi, Marquis, 25, 28, 29, 74, 112-114.

Guadaloupe, 2, 23, 24, 26, 40;

surrendered to the English, 363;

reconquered by the French, 364;

reconquered by the English, 377.

Guichen, Comte de, 199, 200.

Guilford (U.S.A.), battle at, 222.

Gustavus III., King of Sweden, 115;

war with Russia and Denmark, 325, 326;

allied with émigrés, 330.

Haarlem Heights (U.S.A.), 165, 167.

Habeas corpus, suspension of, 169, 358, 385, 403;

motion for repeal of, 372.

Hadfield, king's assailant, 435.

Haidar Alí, ruler of Mysore, 80, 196, 236, 237;

death of, 238, 241.

Halifax, Earl of (Dunk), 8;

first lord of admiralty, 35;

secretary of state, 40, 46, 47, 65, 98, 115;

death of, 115.

Halifax (Nova Scotia), 155, 164.

Hamilton, Lady, 422.

Hamilton, Sir William, 422.

Hancock, John, president of congress, 88, 147.

Hanover, 14, 18, 245, 298, 442.

Harcourt, Simon, Earl of, Viceroy of Ireland, 200.

Hardwicke, Earl of (Yorke), 8, 12, 20, 29, 34, 39, 48, 102, 264.

Hardy, French general, 414, 415.

Hardy, shoemaker, 358.

Hardy, Sir Charles, admiral, 196.

Hargreaves, James, 271, 272.

Harris, George, general (afterwards Lord Harris), 420.

Harris, Sir James (afterwards Earl of Malmesbury), 113, 298, 300, 301, 307, 360, 373, 383, 396, 397.

Hartley, David, M.P., 160.

Harvey, Bagenal, 409, 410-412.

Harvey, Sir H., admiral, 389.

Hastings, Warren, governor-general of British India, 122, 236, 237;

recalled, 247, 248, 249;

resigns governor-generalship, 302;

charges against, 303;

trial of, 304, 305, 322, 323.

Havana, British capture of, 36, 37, 40-41.

Hawke, Sir Edward, admiral (afterwards Lord Hawke), 15, 75, 113, 115.

Хоксбери, лорд. См. Дженкинсон, Чарльз.

Heliopolis, defeat of Turks at, 432.

Henley, Lord (afterwards Earl of Northington), lord keeper, 8;

lord chancellor, 35, 46, 68;

resigns office, 73;

president of the council, 74, 76, 87.

Henry, Patrick, American, 61, 133, 142, 146.

Henry, Prince (brother of Frederick of Prussia), 14.

Hermione, Spanish ship captured, 38;

frigate, mutiny on board the, 391.

Herschel, Sir William, astronomer royal, 263.

Hertford, Earl of (Seymour), 52.

Hervilly, Comte d', 376.

Hesse Cassel, landgrave of, 154, 300.

Хексемские беспорядки. См. Беспорядки.

Hillsborough, Earl of (Hill), president of board of trade, 49;

secretary of state, 87, 88-91, 124, 203.

Hillsborough (U.S.A.), 222.

Hobskirk hill, battle of, 223.

Hoche, French general, 354, 376, 377, 386, 398.

Hohenlinden, battle of, 439, 440.

Holdernesse, Lord (D'Arcy), secretary of state, 8, 20.

Холланд, барон. См. Фокс, Генри.

Holland, province of, treaties with, 209;

French party in, 297-299;

invaded by Prussians, 300;

invaded by French, 362;

English and Russian expedition to, 429-431.

См. Соединенные Провинции.

Home, John, dramatist, 258.

Hondschoote, battle of, 353.

Honduras, 41;

English expelled from, 196;

English settle in, 318.

Худ, Александер. См. Бридпорт, виконт.

Худ, сэр Самуэль (впоследствии виконт Худ), 218, 224, 226, 227, 235, 238, 283-284, 306, 352, 355, 356, 363, 375.

Hood, Samuel, 417.

Hoppner, John, 262.

Хорн, Джон. См. Тук, Хорн.

Horton, Mrs. (becomes Duchess of Cumberland), 119.

Hotham, Sir William, admiral, 375, 376, 381.

Houchard, French general, 353.

Howard, John, philanthropist, 267.

Howe, Richard, Earl, admiral, 138, 145, 163, 164;

"Black Dick," 194, 236;

first lord of the admiralty, 251;

retires, 306, 352, 364-366, 392, 400.

Хау, сэр Уильям, генерал (впоследствии виконт Хау), 145, 149, 150, 153-155, 163-169, 172-176, 179, 181, 184-185.

Hubertsburg, peace of, 42.

Hughes, Sir Edward, admiral, 237, 238.

Humbert, French general, 413-415.

Hume, David, historian, 261.

Hunt, captain, R.N., 113.

Hunter, John, 263.

Huntingdon, Selina, Countess of, 264, 265.

Hutchinson, general, 413.

Hutchinson, Thomas (governor of Massachusetts), 91, 109, 124;

letters by, 125-126;

recalled, 129.

Hutton, James, 263.

Impey, Sir Elijah, 304.

Income tax, first imposed by W. Pitt, 434, 435.

India and East India Company, 2, 14;

position of the East India Company, 76;

Nawáb of Bengal deposed by the council, 77;

revolt and reconquest of Bengal, 77;

Mír Kásim made Nawáb of Bengal, 77;

battle of Baxár, 78;

heavy debts of the East India Company, 78-79, 81;

revolt in Mysore, 80;

famine in Bengal, 81;

North's regulating act, 121, 122;

Warren Hastings appointed governor-general, 122;

Clive virtually acquitted, 122;

act authorising the East India Company to export its surplus stock of tea to America, 126;

Pondicherry taken, 196;

Haidar makes war on the English, 196;

Maráthá war, 236-238;

Tipú Sahib succeeds Haidar Alí, 238;

peace made, 238;

charter of the East India Company renewed, 247;

Hastings recalled, 247;

work of Hastings, 248, 249;

Dundas's India bill, 249;

Fox's India bills, 249-251;

Pitt's India bill, 252, 286;

Warren Hastings resigns office, 302;

Cornwallis appointed governor-general, 305;

Tipú attacks the Rájá of Travancore, 305;

Pitt's declaratory act, 306;

revival of French influence, 419;

fall of Seringapatam and death of Tipú, 420;

Lord Wellesley in, 443.

Indians, North American, invade colonies, 57-58;

employment of, in war, 140, 144, 176-178, 186;

border warfare with, 194.

Industrial revolution, 269-273, 277-279.

Ireland, condition of, in 1760, 91-94;

absentee tax proposed, 200;

linen manufacture, 201;

restrictions on trade, 201;

volunteers, 202;

trade opened, 202;

legislative independence conceded, 232, 233;

agitation for parliamentary reform, 288, 289;

Pitt's trade propositions, 289, 291;

question of the regency, 315;

political condition in 1795, 367;

United Irishmen Society founded, 367;

catholics enfranchised, 368;

Fitzwilliam, lord-lieutenant, 369;

recalled, 370;

Camden, lord-lieutenant, 370;

complete relief rejected, 370;

Maynooth college founded, 385;

religious riots, 385;

Orange Society founded, 385;

attempted French invasion, 386;

intended invasion by Dutch fleet, 397-398;

condition of, in 1798, 404, 405;

conspiracy in Ulster, 405-407;

methods of enforcing disarmament, 407-408;

rebellions in Kildare and Carlow, 408;

in Wexford, 409;

defeat of rebels at Arklow, 411;

surrender of Wexford, 412;

Humbert's invasion, 413;

other attempts on, 414;

union proposed, 445, 446;

catholic support, 446, 447;

extent of corruption, 448, 449;

act of union, 450;

catholic emancipation refused, 451, 452.

Irnham, Lord (Luttrell) afterwards Earl Carhampton, 119.

Ismail captured, 327.

Jaffa captured, 418, 419.

Jamaica, 181, 227, 234, 235.

Jassy, peace made between Russia and Turkey at, 328.

Jay, John, American minister, 378.

Jemappes, Austrians defeated at, 337.

Дженкинсон, Чарльз (впоследствии лорд Хоксбери и граф Ливерпуль),

president of board of trade, secretary at war, 202, 281, 323, 328, 396, 452.

Jenner, Dr. Edward, 263.

Jersey, attacked by French, 196, 211.

Джервис, сэр Джон, адмирал (впоследствии граф Сент-Винсент), 363, 364, 381, 382, 388-390, 395, 400, 416, 426, 429.

John, Archduke of Austria, 439.

Johnson, Dr., 38, 255, 261, 262.

Johnson, Sir John, 178, 194.

Johnston, general, 410.

Jones, Paul, 197, 209.

Jordan, Mrs., actress, 258.

Joseph II. of Austria, 296-298;

declares war against the Turks, 325;

death of, 325.

Joubert, French general, 390, 425.

Jourdan, French general, 353, 361, 375, 382, 423, 425.

June, battle of "the glorious first" of, 364, 366.

Junius, letters of, 99-101, 112, 116, 247.

Kalb, Baron de, 182.

Keith, Lord, admiral (George Keith Elphinstone), 429, 432, 439.

Kemble, John, 258.

Kempenfeldt, admiral, 227.

Kenyon, Lloyd, Lord Kenyon, chief justice, 257, 371, 444.

Keppel, Augustus, admiral (afterwards Viscount Keppel), 192, 193, 212, 213;

first lord of the admiralty, 229, 240;

resigns, 245.

Killala, French at, 413-415.

"King's friends," 10, 68, 107, 110, 172, 281.

Kirkwall, 284.

Kléber, French general, 432.

Korsakov, Russian general, 426.

Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 182.

Kray, Austrian general, 436.

Kutchuk Kainardji, treaty of, 296.

Lafayette, Marquis de, 182, 223, 225, 316.

Lake, General, 406, 411, 414.

Land tax, 83, 113, 162;

commutation of, 403.

Landrecies, capitulation of, 360.

Lángara, Don Juan de, Spanish admiral, 199, 352.

Langrishe, Sir Hercules, Burke's letter to, 367.

Лансдаун, маркиз. См. Шелбурн, лорд.

Lauderdale, Earl of (Maitland), 359.

Laurence, French, 447.

Laurens, Henry, American envoy, 210.

La Vendée, 351, 354, 432.

Lawrence, Thomas, painter, 262.

Lee, Charles, American general, 167, 168.

Lee, Henry, American general, 221, 223.

Lee, William, American envoy, 210.

Лидс, герцог. См. Кармартен, граф.

Legge, Henry Bilson, chancellor of exchequer, 8, 20.

Leinster, Duke of (Fitzgerald), 202, 386.

Lennox, Lady Sarah, 21, 121.

Leoben, preliminaries of peace signed at, 390, 397.

Leopold II. of Austria, 325, 326, 330, 331;

death of, 334, 343.

Le Quesnoy, 351, 353, 354.

Leslie, General, 220, 221.

L'Estrange, Colonel, 409, 410.

Льюис, «Монах» (Monk), 260.

Lexington, skirmish at, 140, 141, 143-146.

Libel, law of, 115;

Fox's bill, 324.

Свобода печати. См. Печать, свобода печати.

Ligonier, Viscount (afterwards Earl), 8, 30.

Lille, negotiations at, 396, 397, 400.

Lincoln, American general, 195, 198.

Льняное производство в Ирландии. См. Ирландия.

Lippe-Bückeburg, Count of, general, 37, 145.

Ливерпуль, граф. См. Дженкинсон, Чарльз.

Liverpool, petition from, 138.

Loano, battle of, 376.

Лондон: —

Bloomsbury Square, 66.

Buckingham House, 54.

Carlton House, 11, 307, 309.

Clubs: at Wildman's, 43;

at Cocoa-Tree Tavern, 110;

White's, 253;

Brooks's, 253, 256.

Copenhagen Fields, meeting in, 378.

Correspondence Society, 335.

Petitions from citizens of, 138, 158, 159, 186, 193, 435.

St. George's Fields: riots, 96;

meeting in, 378.

Spitalfields riots, 66.

Westminster election, 283, 284, 322;

representation of, 286.

Long Island (N.Y.), 164, 165, 185, 187.

Long Island (S.C.), 157.

Longwy, captured, 337.

Лафборо, граф. См. Веддерберн, Александер.

Louis XIV., 433.

Louis XV., 114.

Louis XVI., 181, 316, 320, 321, 324.

Louis XVII., 352, 363.

Людовик XVIII. См. Прованский, граф.

L'Ouverture, Toussaint, 424.

Lowther, M.P., 160.

Lowther, Sir James (afterwards Earl of Lonsdale), 87, 213, 256.

Loyalists (American), 134, 135, 329;

treatment of, 242.

Lucas, Charles, Irish politician, 94.

Lucknow, 249.

Ludgershall, borough of, 94.

Lunéville, congress at, 438, 439;

treaty of, 440.

Luttrell, Henry Lawes (second Earl Carhampton), colonel, 97, 100, 112, 119, 405.

Luttrell, M.P., 160.

Luxemburg, 351.

Lyons, siege of, 355, 356.

Lyttelton, Lord, 67.

Macartney, George, Lord, 395.

Macaulay, Zachary, 324.

Macdonald, French general, 425, 427, 440.

Машины, а также паровая и водяная энергия. См. Англия.

Mack (Austrian general), 360, 422.

Mackenzie, James Stuart (brother of the Earl of Bute), 67.

Mackintosh, Sir James, his Vindiciæ Gallicæ, 329.

Macklin, Charles, actor, 258.

Maclean, Colonel, 152.

Madras, 196, 237, 238;

council of, 247.

Mahé (India), 196.

Mainz, Elector of, 436.

Mainz, surrender of, 337, 349, 350, 354;