Среди британских историков Уильям Джеймс предпринял наиболее усердное изложение всех событий, озаглавив его «Полный и точный отчет о военных событиях недавней войны между Великобританией и Соединенными Штатами Америки» в 2 томах (1818). Чтение это раздражает американца из-за столь ожесточенной враждебности, что факты умышленно искажаются, а вопиющие неточности принимаются за чистую монету. Как военно-морской историк Джеймс попытался оправдать американские победы в одиночных боях кораблей — задача трудная, с которой он справился из рук вон плохо. Теодор Рузвельт хорош как никогда, когда бичует Джеймса за его ядовитую ненависть ко всему американскому.
Для английского сознания Война 1812 года была лишь эпизодом в мощной и затяжной борьбе против Наполеона, а потому в стандартных английских историях ей уделяется лишь беглое внимание. Для Канады же этот конфликт был близким и жизненно важным, и изложенные с этой точки зрения повествования более солидны и значимы, чем те, что созданы по ту сторону океана. «Канадская война 1812 года» (1906), опубликованная почти век спустя после события, принадлежит перу англичанина сира Чарльза П. Лукаса, чья многолетняя служба в Колониальном министерстве и доскональное знакомство с канадской историей были обращены наилучшим образом. Среди канадских авторов в этой области — полковник Эрнест А. Круикшанк и Джеймс Ханнэй. Полковнику Круикшанку принадлежит большая заслуга как первопроходца благодаря его «Документальной истории кампании на ниагарском фронте» в 8 томах (1896-). Труд Ханнэя «Как Канада была удержана для империи; История Войны 1812 года» (1905) демонстрирует тщательное изучение, но омрачен полемичным и односторонним отношением, которое эта война породила по обе стороны границы.
Полковник Уильям Вуд избежал этого недостатка в своей «Войне с Соединенными Штатами» (1915), изданной в качестве тома серии «Хроники Канады». Эту небольшую книгу в качестве компактного и научного обзора можно порекомендовать американцам, понимающим, что у каждого вопроса есть две стороны. Канадцы упорно и успешно сражались за защиту своей страны от вторжения в войне, чей лозунг «Свободная торговля и права моряков» не имел к ним прямого отношения.
УКАЗАТЕЛЬ
Adair, John, 215
Adams, Henry, quoted, 20, 117
Adams (ship), 141
Alabama, Indians aroused in, 201
Alabama raids compared with those of Essex, 154
Albany, militia at Sackett's Harbor from, 77
Alexandria, British fleet at, 197
Allen, Captain W. H., 142, 143
Amherstburg, Canadian post, 11;
Hull plans assault, 11, 14, 16;
Brock at, 17;
defeat of British, 21, 42;
Harrison against, 24, 25;
Procter commands, 26;
British advance from, 27
Anderson, James, of the Essex, 162
Annapolis, British fleet at, 187
Argus (brig), 94;
and the Pelican, 142-44
Ariel (brig), 57, 62
Armstrong, John, Secretary of War, 37, 175;
plans offensive, 72, 80, 84;
and Wilkinson, 81-82;
orders winter quarters, 82
Army, in 1812, 5-8;
state control, 6-8;
incapable officers, 10-11;
at Niagara, 14-15;
Hull's forces, 15;
mutiny, 17;
failure to supply, 24;
forces under Winchester, 25;
at New Orleans, 210-11
Astrea (ship), 218
Avon (British brig), fight with Wasp, 146-47
Bainbridge, Captain William, 90, 95, 117, 121, 127, 136-137, 138
Baltimore, British fleet at, 187;
attack on, 197-99, 219
Bangor (Me.), British land at, 187
Barclay, Captain R. H., British officer, 52, 53, 54, 56, 60, 61
Barney, Commodore Joshua, 92, 189, 193, 194;
account of battle of Bladensburg, 195
Barrancas, Fort, 208
Barron, Commodore James, 91
Belfast (Me.), British at, 187
Belvidera (British frigate), 96;
fight with President, 94-95
Benton, T. H., and Jackson, 202
Betsy (brig), 104
Biddle, Lieutenant James, on the Wasp, 111-12
Biddle, Captain Nicholas, 92
Black Rock, navy yard at, 39, 48;
Elliott at, 49;
invasion of Canada from, 70;
Indians against, 88
Bladensburg, battle, 191-96
Blakely, Captain Johnston, 137, 144, 145, 146, 147
Blockade, 124-25, 148, 185
Blyth, Captain Samuel, 140
Boerstler, Colonel, 76
Bonne Citoyenne (British sloop-of-war), 126
Bowyer, Fort, 206, 207
Boxer, duel with Enterprise, 189-40
Boyd, General J. P., 74, 76, 83
Brewster (Mass.), war levy, 188
Brock, Major General Isaac, British commander, 12-13, 14;
against Hull, 15, 17;
Hull surrenders Detroit to, 18-19;
on Elliott's victory, 40;
on Niagara River, 65;
killed, 66
Broke, Captain P. V., of the Shannon, 96, 128-29, 130, 134, 138-39
Brown, General Jacob, at Sackett's Harbor, 77, 78, 79;
at Chrystler's Farm, 82-83;
Niagara campaign, 167, 168, 169, 170;
at Lundy's Lane, 171-72, 191
Budd, George, second lieutenant on Chesapeake, 134
Buffalo, Elliott at, 38;
difficulty of taking supplies to, 47;
American regulars sent to, 65;
base of operations, 70, 72;
Indians against, 88
Burrows, Captain William, of the Enterprise, 139
Cabinet advises General Winder, 192
Caledonia (British brig), 38-39;
Elliott captures, 39;
in American squadron, 49-50, 56
Canada, "On to Canada!" slogan of frontiersmen, 4;
vulnerable point in War of 1812, 9, 10;
population and extent, 10;
plans for invasion of, 13-14;
Hull abandons invasion of, 16;
Niagara campaign, 64 et seq., 167-77
Canning, George, British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 92
Carden, Captain J. S., of the Macedonian, 114, 115, 116
Cass, Colonel Lewis, 18
Castine, British land at, 187
Champlain, Lake, Dearborn on, 71;
Hampton in command, 80, 81;
Macdonough's victory, 166 et seq.
Chandler, General John, 74, 75
Chateauguay River, Hampton on, 84, 85
Chauncey, Captain Isaac, leads sailors from New York to Buffalo, 39;
in command of naval forces on Lakes Erie and Ontario, 47, 48;
extreme caution, 49, 55, 56, 170-71;
on Lake Ontario, 49, 50, 63;
and Perry, 50-51, 55, 56;
and Niagara campaign, 72, 73, 74, 77, 82, 170-71
Cherub (British sloop-of-war), 157, 159, 160, 161
Chesapeake (frigate), and Leopard, 91;
Lawrence on, 96, 127-28;
defeated by Shannon, 128-39;
Allen on, 142
Chesapeake Bay, blockade of 185;
Cockburn in, 186;
British army comes to, 189;
British fleet in, 197
Chippawa, Brock's forces at 65, 67;
battle, 168-70
Chrystler's Farm, battle, 83
Chub (British schooner), 180
Clay, Brigadier General Green, 31
Clay, Henry, on conquest of Canada, 9
Cleveland, Harrison's headquarters at, 33
Cochrane, Vice Admiral Alexander, 198, 218
Cockburn, Rear Admiral George, 186, 195, 196
Cod, Cape, British raids on, 188
Coffee, General John, 211, 215
Confiance (British frigate), 179, 180
Congress, declares war on Great Britain (1812), 4;
and the navy, 90;
votes prize money for Constitution, 107;
prize money for Wasp, 113;
and maritime trouble with France, 152;
refuses to sanction Jackson's expedition, 201
Congress (frigate), 94, 141
Connecticut, attitude toward War of 1812, 7
Constellation (frigate), 92, 141, 187
Constitution (frigate), 2, 125;
Hull and, 95, 116, 128;
now in Boston Navy Yard, 95-96;
encounter with British squadron, 96-99;
and Guerrière, 100-07, 108, 122-23;
"Old Ironsides," 101;
under Bainbridge, 116-17;
health conditions on, 117-18;
encounter with Java, 118-21, 123-24, 154;
Lawrence and, 126;
influence, 139;
in 1813, 141;
gains open sea in 1814, 147
Creek Indians, 201
Creighton, Captain J. O., 137
Crockett, David, 202
Croghan, Major George, at Fort Stephenson, 34-35, 36, 38, 46
Crowninshield, Captain George, 136
Cyane (British frigate), 147
Dacres, Captain John, of the Guerrière, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104
Dayton (O.), Hull takes command at, 12
Dearborn, Major General Henry, plans invasion of Canada, 13, 73;
commander-in-chief of American forces, 14;
incompetency, 14;
and Niagara campaign, 64, 65, 74-75, 76;
campaign against Montreal, 71-72;
wishes to retire, 72, 75;
Armstrong and, 72;
Brown reports battle of Sackett's Harbor to, 78-79;
retired, 80;
age, 117
Dearborn, Fort (Chicago), burned, 19;
massacre, 20
Decatur, Captain Stephen, 138;
and the Philadelphia (1804), 92;
squadron commander, 94;
on the United States, 114, 115;
on the President, 148, 149;
Defiance, Fort, 24
Delaware Bay, blockade of, 185
Derby, Captain John, 218
Detroit, 64;
first campaign from, 11, 14;
Hull at, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16;
mutiny at, 15;
surrender of, 17-18, 19, 20, 22, 106-07;
in British hands, 31;
Procter abandons, 42;
Harrison returns to, 45
Detroit (brig), taken from Hull, 38;
Elliott captures, 39-40
Detroit (British ship), 54, 56, 57, 60
Downes, Lieutenant John, 155, 156
Downie, Captain George, British officer, 178, 183
Drummond, General Sir George Gordon, 172
Eagle (brig), 180
Eastham (Mass.), war levy, 188
Eastport (Me.), captured, 187
Elliott, Lieutenant J. D., builds fleet on Lake Erie, 38, 48;
captures Caledonia and Detroit, 39-40;
with Perry, 54, 58
Endymion (British frigate), 150
Enterprise (brig), encounter with Boxer, 139-40
Epervier (British brig), fight with Peacock, 144
Erie, Barclay off, 52;
see also Presqu' Isle
Erie, Fort, Elliott captures ships near, 39;
Brock at, 65;
Americans capture, 168;
Scott and Brown occupy, 173
Erie, Lake, Hull's schooner captured on, 12;
Perry on, 21, 40 et seq.;
Harrison on shores of, 24, 30;
Chauncey in command on, 47, 48
Essex (frigate), 141, 147;
last cruise, 151 et seq.;
building of, 153;
capture by Hillyar, 161-65
Essex, Junior (cruiser), 156, 159
Eustis, William, Secretary of War, 24
Faneuil Hall, banquet for Hull at, 106
Farragut, Admiral D. G., 181;
motto, 46;
cited, 59;
midshipman on Essex, 161-62
Finch (British schooner), 180
Florida, West, Jackson and, 200
France, American feeling toward, 3;
as maritime enemy, 151-52, 154
Fredericktown burned, 186
"Free Trade and Sailors' Rights," 3, 91, 137
Frenchtown, see Raisin River
Frolic (British brig), encounter with Wasp, 108-13
Galapagos Islands, Essex at, 155
Gallatin, Albert, quoted, 219-220
George, Fort, British fort, 67;
evacuated by British, 74-75;
retaken, 87
Georgia, Indians aroused in, 201
Georgiana (British whaling ship), Essex captures, 155;
renamed Essex, Junior, 156
Great Britain, and free sea, 2-3;
Indian wars, 4;
war declared on (1812), 4;
and Indians, 10;
and Napoleon, 124;
blockading measures, 124-25
Great Lakes, British on, 38
Guerrière (British frigate), 2, 96;
encounter with Constitution, 100-07, 108, 122-23;
celebration of capture, 116
Hamilton, Alexander, Izard aide to, 175
Hampton, General Wade, in campaign against Montreal, 80, 81, 83-84, 86;
and Wilkinson, 80-81;
cause of failure, 86;
age, 117
Hampton, British foray on village of, 187
Haraden, Captain Jonathan, 153
Harrison, General W. H., campaign, 22 et seq.;
report to Secretary of War, 29-30;
Croghan and, 35;
Armstrong on, 37-38;
and Perry's victory, 41, 63;
resumes campaign, 42;
becomes President of United States, 45
Havre de Grace burned, 186
Hazen, Benjamin, of the Essex, 162
Henry (brig), 186, 187
Hermes (British sloop-of-war), 207
Hillyar, Captain James, British officer, 157, 158, 159-60, 161, 164-65
Hornet (sloop-of-war), 48, 94;
Lawrence on, 126;
and Peacock, 127;
in South American waters, 154
Horseshoe Bend, battle, 204
Houston, Samuel, 202
Hull, Captain Isaac, of the Constitution, 95, 128, 138;
and British squadron, 96, 97, 98, 99;
and Guerrière, 101, 102, 103, 106;
and Dacres, 104;
victory celebrated, 106, 107, 108;
gives up command of Constitution, 116-17;
at Lawrence's funeral, 136
Hull, General William, 34, 68, 71, 88, 98;
Detroit campaign, 11 et seq.;
troops, 15, 17;
surrender, 19;
court-martial, 19-20;
Harrison and, 22;
age, 117
Impressment of seamen, 90
Indian wars, enmity toward Great Britain because of, 4
Indians, British and, 10, 55;
against Americans, 16, 67, 76;
in Canadian army, 17;
Procter and, 26;
abandon British cause, 44;
ravage frontier, 88;
massacre at Fort Mims, 202
Izard, General George, 175, 176
Jackson, Andrew, at New Orleans, 17-18, 208 et seq.;
and Florida expedition, 200-03;
at Horseshoe Bend, 204;
at Pensacola, 207-08
Jacob Jones (destroyer), 109
Java (British frigate), encounter with Constitution, 118-20, 154
Jefferson, Thomas, and gunboats, 8-9;
on conquest of Canada, 9-10
Johnson, Allen, Jefferson and his Colleagues, cited, 2
Johnson, Colonel R. M., 41, 43, 44, 46;
Jones, Captain, Jacob, of the Wasp, 109, 110, 111, 113;
Jones, John Paul, cited, 59;
American naval officers serve with, 92;
on the Ranger, 141
Kentucky, defends western border, 22;
militia, 24, 31
Key, F. S., Star-Spangled Banner, 198-99
Kingston, plan to capture, 72, 73;
Prevost embarks at, 77
Lady Prevost (British schooner), 56
Lafitte, Jean, 206
Lafitte, Pierre, 206, 211, 215
Lambert, Captain Henry, of the Java, 118
Lang, Jack, sailor on the Wasp, 111
La Vengeance (French ship) and Constellation, 93
Lawrence, Captain James, of the Chesapeake, 96, 127-28, 129-30;
on the Hornet, 126, 127;
fights Shannon, 130-136;
death, 131, 133, 135;
account of funeral, 136-37
Lawrence (brig), 49, 53, 55, 56, 57, 58
Leopard and Chesapeake, 91, 142
Levant (British sloop-of-war), fight with Constitution, 147
Lewis, General Morgan, 75-76, 83
Linnet (British brig), 180
L'Insurgente (French ship) and Constellation, 92
Long Island Sound, British fleet in, 188
Ludlow, Lieutenant A. C, of the Chesapeake, 133, 136, 137
Lundy's Lane, battle, 2, 171-173
McArthur, Colonel, 18
Macdonough, Commodore Thomas, on Lake Champlain, 166, 167, 171, 178, 179-84
Macedonian (British frigate), Decatur captures, 114-16, 142;
as American frigate, 141
McHenry, Fort, 197, 198
Mackinac, fall of, 19, 20
Mackinaw, see Mackinac
M'Knight, Lieutenant, S. D., of the Essex, 163
Macomb, Brigadier General Alexander, 177
Madison, James, and Hull, 12, 19;
reviews troops, 191;
at battle of Bladensburg, 192;
policy as to West Florida, 200
Mahan, Captain A. T., quoted, 128
Maine, British raids, 187
Malden (Amherstburg), 43;
see also Amherstburg
Massachusetts, attitude toward War of 1812, 7, 91
Maumee Rapids, Harrison at, 30
Maumee River, Hull at, 12
Meigs, Fort, massacre at, 20, 32;
built, 30;
Procter besieges, 31-32, 36;
Harrison again at, 33
Merchant marine, 93
Miller, Captain, at battle of Bladensburg, 195
Miller, Colonel John, 17, 33
Mims, Samuel, 202
Mims, Fort, massacre, 202
Mississippi Valley and invasion of Florida, 200
Mobile, Jackson at, 204, 206-207, 208
Montreal, plan of attack, 14;
campaign against, 71, 82-87
Moraviantown, Procter goes to, 42
Morris, Lieutenant Charles, on the Constitution, 101, 107
Mulcaster, Captain W. H., 83
Murray, Colonel, British officer, 87
Napoleon, Great Britain and, 2;
offenses against American commerce, 8
Navy, 8-9, 38;
on Lake Erie, 46 et seq.;
on the sea, 89 et seq.;
augmented by private subscriptions, 152;
victory on Lake Champlain, 166 et seq.
Nelson, Horatio, Viscount, quoted, 141
New England, attitude toward War of 1812, 7-8;
British raids in, 187-88
New Orleans, battle of, 166, 175, 208-18, 219
New York, apprehension in, 148
Niagara, campaign planned, 13-14;
American forces at, 14-15;
campaign, 64 et seq.;
renewal of struggle for region of (1814), 167-77
Niagara (brig), 49, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59
Niagara, Fort, 87
Nicholls, Major Edward, 205
Norfolk, Warren attacks, 187
Northwest Territory regained for United States, 44, 63
Ohio, Hull sends troops to, 16;
defends western border, 22;
militia, 31
"Old Ironsides," 101, see also Constitution
Ontario, Lake, Chauncey in command on, 47, 48, 49, 50;
battle at Sackett's Harbor, 77-79
Orne, Captain W. B., 104
Paine, R. D., The Old Merchant Marine, cited, 93 (note)
Pakenham, General Sir Edward, at New Orleans, 209-210, 212, 213, 214, 216-17
Patterson, Commodore D. T., at New Orleans, 214
Peacock (British brig) and Hornet, 127
Peacock (sloop-of-war), 144
Pelican (British brig), 142
Pennsylvania, brigade in Western campaign from, 23;
militia at Erie, 52-53
Pensacola, British pull down Spanish flag at, 204-05;
Jackson at, 207-08
Perry, O. H., 180-81;
victory on Lake Erie, 21, 46 et seq., 166;
and Harrison, 41, 63;
famous message, 41, 62
Philadelphia (frigate), 92
Phoebe (British frigate) and Essex, 157-65
Pilot, The, on destruction of the Java, 123-24
Plattsburg, Dearborn at, 71;
troops moved from, 74, 80;
Izard at, 175, 176;
Prevost at, 176, 177, 178
Plattsburg Bay, battle of, 177-184, 219
Poictiers (British ship), 113
Pomone (British frigate), 150
Porter, Captain David, of the Essex, 151;
raids on British whaling fleet, 154-56;
Phoebe and Cherub seek, 157-64;
account of surrender of Essex, 163-64
President (frigate), 141, 147, 148, 149;
encounters Belvidera, 94-95;
Rodgers in command of, 101;
captured, 150
Presqu' Isle (Erie), navy yard at, 48;
see also Erie
Prevost, Sir George, Governor General of Canada, 54;
crosses Lake Ontario, 77;
defends Montreal, 84-85;
goes to Plattsburg, 176, 177;
quoted, 176-77, 178-79
Privateers, 93
Procter, Colonel Henry, battle of the Raisin, 26;
character, 26;
and Harrison, 30, 34, 37-38;
at Fort Meigs, 31-32, 33;
at Fort Stephenson, 36;
blames Indians for defeat, 36-37;
Brock reports to, 40-41;
and Tecumseh, 42;
official disgrace, 45
Put-in Bay, Perry at, 54
Queen Charlotte (British ship), 56, 58, 60
Queenston, attack on, 65-67;
British at, 168, 170
Quincy, Josiah, 91
Raisin River, massacre at, 20, 26-30, 36;
Winchester at Frenchtown, 25
Ranger (frigate), 141
Rattlesnake (brig), 137
Reindeer (British brig), 145
Rennie, Colonel, British officer, 217
Riall, General Phineas, 168, 170
Ripley, General E. W., 173
Ripley, John, seaman on Essex, 162
Rodgers, Commodore John, 94, 95, 101, 113-14
Ross, General Robert, 188, 194;
and Barney, 195;
in Washington, 196;
against Baltimore, 197;
killed, 198
Rush, Richard, quoted, 132
Sackett's Harbor, Lake Ontario, invasion of Canada planned from, 13-14;
Chauncey, at, 47, 48;
in Niagara campaign, 72, 74, 76-77;
battle at, 77-79;
campaign against Montreal, 80, 81;
Brown at, 167;
fleet at, 170
St. Lawrence River, plan to gain control of, 72;
Wilkinson's army descends, 80;
Wilkinson abandons voyage down, 83-84
Salaberry, Colonel de, 85, 86
Salem contributes Essex to navy, 152
Salem Marine Society, 136
Saratoga (flagship), 180
Scorpion (brig), 57, 62
Scott, Michael, Tom Cringle's Log, quoted, 145
Scott, Winfield, quoted, 5;
at Queenston, 66;
at Chippawa, 68, 168-69;
taken prisoner, 68;
in control of army, 73;
at Fort George, 74;
on Wilkinson, 80;
trains Brown's troops, 167;
at Lundy's Lane, 171, 172, 191;
wounded, 173
Seneca, Harrison at, 37, 38, 41
Shannon (British frigate), encounter with Constitution, 96-99;
defeats Chesapeake, 128-39
Shipbuilding on Lake Erie, 50
Sims, Vice-Admiral W. S., 220-21
Smith, General Samuel, 197
Smyth, Brigadier General Alexander, 65, 66, 68-69, 70-71
Sophie (British ship), 207
Spain and West Florida, 200
Squaw Island, Elliott at, 38
Stephenson, Fort, Harrison at, 34;
Croghan at, 36, 46;
Procter's defeat, 36, 37-38
Stewart, Captain Charles, 136, 147
Stonington, British bombard, 188
Stony Creek, battle, 75
Tecumseh, 16, 18, 31, 32, 34, 42;
death, 44;
and Creek Indians, 201
Tenedos (British frigate), 150
Thames River, Procter's defeat at, 43-44
Thornton, Colonel Sir William, British officer, 214
Ticonderoga (schooner), 180
Times, London, account of fight of Guerrière, 122-23
Tippecanoe campaign, 20
Toronto, see York
Transportation, effect of blockade on, 148
United States (frigate), 94, 139;
captures Macedonian, 114-116, 142;
and blockade, 141
Upper Sandusky, Harrison's headquarters, 33, 34
Valparaiso, Essex at, 155, 156, 157;
Essex and Phoebe at, 158 et seq.
Van Rensselaer, Major General Stephen, 64, 65, 66, 68, 71
Vincent, General John, British officer, 74, 75
Virginia, brigades from, 23
War of 1812, a victory, 1;
causes, 2-4;
army, 5-8;
"Mr. Madison's War," 8;
navy, 8-9, 89 et seq.;
campaign in West, 11 et seq.;
Perry and Lake Erie, 46 et seq.;
the Northern Front, 64 et seq.;
victory on Lake Champlain, 166 et seq.;
peace with honor, 185 et seq.;
bibliography, 223-25
Warren, Admiral Sir J. B., 138, 185, 187
Warrington, Captain Lewis, of the Peacock, 144
Washington, George, on need of regular army, 6-7;
and Hull, 11
Washington, Capitol burned, 73, 196;
naval ball to celebrate capture of Guerrière, 116;
British fleet causes consternation in, 187;
British decide to attack, 189;
capture of, 166, 190-96
Wasp (sloop-of-war), 48;
encounter with Frolic, 108-13;
last cruise, 144-47;
disappearance, 147
Wellfleet (Mass.), war levy, 188
Whinyates, Captain Thomas, of the Frolic, 109, 112
Wilkinson, James, succeeds Dearborn, 80;
character, 80;
Hampton and, 81, 84;
and Armstrong, 81;
campaign, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87;
age, 117
Winchester, General James, as a leader, 24-25;
at Raisin River, 25, 26-27, 28
Winder, General W. H., in Niagara campaign, 74, 75;
at Washington, 190-91, 192
Wool, Captain J. E., at Queenston, 66
Yeo, Sir James, 49, 77
York (Toronto), plans to capture, 72, 73
capture, 73
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