Уильям Хэзлитт

«Собрание сочинений Уильяма Хэзлитта, том 10»

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“His heart was cleft with pain and rage,

His cheeks they quiver’d, his eyes were wild,

Dishonour’d thus in his old age;

Dishonour’d by his only child;

And all his hospitality

To th’ insulted daughter of his friend

By more than woman’s jealousy,

Brought thus to a disgraceful end——”

«Ничего более не говорится для объяснения тайны; но вслед за этим немедленно следует то, что названо "Заключением второй части". И поскольку мы вполне уверены, что мистер Кольридж высоко ценит этот отрывок; что он ценит его больше, чем любую другую часть "той дикой, необычайно оригинальной и прекрасной поэмы Кристабель", за исключением, конечно, двух отрывков, касающихся "беззубой суки-мастифа"; мы извлечем его к изумлению наших читателей — предваряя наше собственное откровенное признание, что мы совершенно не способны постичь смысл какой-либо его части.

“A little child, a limber elf,

Singing, dancing to itself,

A fairy thing with red round cheeks,

That always finds and never seeks;

Makes such a vision to the sight

As fills a father’s eyes with light;

And pleasures flow in so thick and fast

Upon his heart, that he at last

Must needs express his love’s excess

With words of unmeant bitterness.

Perhaps ’tis pretty to force together

Thoughts so all unlike each other;

To mutter and mock a broken charm,

To dally with wrong that does no harm.

Perhaps ’tis tender too, and pretty,

At each wild word to feel within

A sweet recoil of love and pity.

And what if in a world of sin

(O sorrow and shame should this be true!)

Such giddiness of heart and brain

Comes seldom save from rage and pain,

So talks as it’s most used to do.”

«Здесь заканчивается вторая часть, и, по правде говоря, сама "уникальная" поэма; ибо автор еще не написал, или, как он выражается, "не воплотил в стихах", "три части, которые еще предстоит написать"; — хотя он верит, что сможет сделать это "в течение нынешнего года".

«Пару слов о метре "Кристабель", или, как мистер Кольридж называет ее, "the Christabel" — довольно удачно; ибо, право, мы сомневаемся, чтобы особая сила определенного артикля когда-либо была проиллюстрирована более сильно. Он говорит, что хотя читателю может показаться, что в метре преобладает большая нерегулярность, некоторые строки состоят из четырех, другие из двенадцати слогов, но в действительности он вполне регулярен; только он "основан на новом принципе, а именно на подсчете ударений в каждой строке, а не слогов". Мы ничего не говорим о чудовищной самоуверенности любого человека, который выходит вперед в наше время и говорит читателям английской поэзии, чей слух был настроен на стихи Спенсера, Мильтона, Драйдена и Поупа, что он создает свой метр "на новом принципе!", но мы категорически отрицаем истинность этого утверждения и бросаем ему вызов показать нам какой-либо принцип, на котором можно было бы считать, что его строки согласуются. Мы приводим два или три образца, чтобы сразу посрамить этот жалкий кусок самодовольства и уверток. Пусть наш "дикий, необычайно оригинальный и прекрасный" автор покажет нам, как эти строки согласуются по количеству ударений или стоп.

“Ah wel-a-day!”—

“For this is alone in”—

“And didst bring her home with thee in love and in charity”—

“I pray you drink this cordial wine”—

“Sir Leoline”—

“And found a bright lady surpassingly fair”—

“Tu—whit!——Tu—whoo!”

«"Кубла Хан" представлен публике, по-видимому, "по просьбе поэта великой и заслуженной славы"; — но является ли это лорд Байрон, хвалитель "Кристабель", или лауреат, хвалитель принцев, мы не информированы. Что касается "собственных мнений" мистера Кольриджа, то он опубликован "не на основании каких-либо поэтических достоинств", а "как ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ДИКОВИНКА"! С этими мнениями откровенного автора мы полностью согласны; но по этой причине мы едва ли считаем необходимым приводить подробные детали, которые содержит предисловие, об обстоятельствах, сопутствующих его сочинению. Если бы вопрос касался "Потерянного рая" или "Оды Драйдена", мы не могли бы получить более подробного отчета об обстоятельствах, в которых они были сочинены. Это был 1797 год, летний сезон. Мистер Кольридж был нездоров; — конкретная болезнь не указана; но внимательный читатель сделает свои собственные предположения. Он очень благоразумно удалился на уединенную ферму; и всякий, кто захочет увидеть место, породившее "психологическую диковинку", может найти туда дорогу без проводника; ибо оно расположено на границе Сомерсета и Девоншира, на Эксмурской части границы; и оно, более того, между Порлоком и Линтоном. На той ферме у него было легкое недомогание, и он принял болеутоляющее, которое погрузило его в глубокий сон в кресле (после обеда или нет, он умалчивает), "в тот момент, когда он читал предложение в "Путешествиях" Пёрчаса", касающееся дворца Кубла Хана. Эффекты болеутоляющего и предложения вместе были ошеломляющими: они произвели "диковинку", которую мы имеем перед собой; ибо во время своего трехчасового сна мистер Кольридж "имеет самую живую уверенность, что не мог сочинить менее чем от двухсот до трехсот строк". Проснувшись, он "мгновенно и с жаром" записал стихи, опубликованные здесь; когда его (он говорит "к несчастью") вызвал "человек по делам из Порлока и задержал его более чем на час"; а когда он вернулся, видение исчезло. Строки, приведенные здесь, сильно пахнут, надо признать, болеутоляющим; и если бы не то, что недодоза седативного средства производит обратные эффекты, мы бы неизбежно были убаюканы ими в забвение всего сущего. Возможно, дюжина таких строк, как следующие, свела бы самого раздражительного критика в состояние бездействия.

“A damsel with a dulcimer

In a vision once I saw:

It was an Abyssinian maid

And on her dulcimer she play’d,

Singing of Mount Abora.

Could I revive within me

Her symphony and song,

To such a deep delight ’twould win

That with music loud and long,

I would build that dome in air,

That sunny dome! those caves of ice!

And all who heard should see them there,

And all should cry, Beware! Beware!

His flashing eyes, his floating hair!

Weave a circle round him thrice,

And close your eyes with holy dread:

For he on honey-dew hath fed.” &c. &c.

«Есть еще немало столь же изысканного — и, в частности, прекрасное описание леса, "древнего, как холмы"; и "скрывающих солнечные пятна зелени"! Но мы полагаем, что этого образца будет достаточно.

«Люди в несчастном состоянии этого поэта обычно чувствуют нехватку сна как худшее из своих зол; но в истории болезни есть и случаи, когда сон сопровождается новой агонией, как если бы мысли во время бодрствования, сколь бы дикими и бурными они ни были, все еще находились под некоторым легким сдерживанием, которое сон мгновенно снимал. Мистер Кольридж, по-видимому, испытал этот симптом, если судить по названию его третьей поэмы "Муки сна"; и, по правде говоря, по ее сочинению — которое является чистым бредом, без чего-либо более трогательного, чем ряд бессвязных слов, выражающих экстравагантность и несообразность. — Нам не нужно приводить ее образец.

«В целом, мы рассматриваем эту публикацию как одну из самых примечательных дерзостей, в которых пресса была виновна в последнее время; и один из самых смелых экспериментов, которые когда-либо проводились над терпением или пониманием публики. Невозможно, однако, отмахнуться от нее без пары замечаний. Другие произведения Озерной школы обычно демонстрировали таланты, растраченные на столь низменные темы, что никакая сила гения не могла бы их облагородить; или извращенные и ставшие бесполезными из-за ложной теории поэтического сочинения. Но даже в худших из них, если исключить "Белую лань" мистера Вордсворта и некоторые оды лауреата, всегда были какие-то проблески чувства или фантазии. Но то, что перед нами сейчас, совершенно лишено ценности. Оно не демонстрирует от начала до конца ни луча гения; и мы бросаем вызов любому человеку указать хоть один пассаж поэтического достоинства в любой из трех пьес, которые оно содержит, за исключением, возможно, следующих строк на стр. 32, и даже они не очень блестящи; да и ведущая мысль не оригинальна —

“Alas! they had been friends in youth;

But whispering tongues can poison truth;

And constancy lives in realms above;

And life is thorny; and youth is vain;

And to be wroth with one we love,

Doth work like madness in the brain.”

«За этим единственным исключением, в представленной нам публикации буквально нет ни одного двустишия, которое можно было бы счесть поэзией или даже смыслом, если бы оно было найдено в углу газеты или на окне гостиницы. Должны ли мы быть обречены слышать такую смесь бреда и слюнявости, превозносимую как работа "дикого и оригинального" гения, просто потому, что мистер Кольридж время от времени писал прекрасные стихи, а брат-поэт решает в своем более мягком настроении восхвалять его из вежливости или из интереса? И должны ли такие панегирики повторяться подлыми инструментами политической фракции, потому что они относятся к тому, чья ежедневная проза, как считается, посвящена поддержке всего, что, по мнению придворных, должно быть поддержано? Если это правда, что автор таким образом заслужил покровительство этих щедрых раздатчиков милостей, мы не можем возражать против того, чтобы они дали ему надлежащие доказательства своей благодарности; но мы не можем не пожелать, ради него, как и ради нас самих, чтобы они платили твердым пудингом вместо пустых похвал; и придерживались, по крайней мере в этом случае, старой доброй системы вознаграждения своих чемпионов должностями и пенсиями, вместо того чтобы раздувать их плохую поэзию и пытаться запихнуть их бессмыслицу в глотки всех лояльных и благонамеренных».

«ПРОПОВЕДЬ» КОЛЬРИДЖА

Авторство этой рецензии также было предметом споров. См. источники, цитируемые на стр. 411. Мистер Дайкс Кэмпбелл в процитированном там примечании говорит, что, как и в случае с «Кристабель», приписывание рецензии Хэзлитту «вероятно, хотя и не наверняка, верно». Редакторы сочли внутренние свидетельства авторства Хэзлитта настолько подавляюще сильными, особенно после сравнения статьи с рецензией Хэзлитта на ту же работу в «The Examiner» (см. «Политические эссе», III. 143–152), что решили включить ее в текст. Не сочли нужным давать ссылки на все цитаты Хэзлитта из «Проповеди». Ссылки, когда они даются, относятся к изданию в «Bohn’s Standard Library».

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120. ‘Fancies and Good-nights.’ Henry IV., Part II., Act III. Sc. 2.

Odd ends of verse, etc. Hudibras, I. iii. 1011–2.

‘Chase his fancy’s rolling speed.’ Cf. On a Distant Prospect of Eton College, 29.

121. ‘Babbles of green fields.’ Henry V., Act II. Sc. 3.

‘Alarmists by trade.’ A Lay Sermon, p. 309.

‘A gentle Husher,’ etc. The Faerie Queene, Book I. Canto IV. Stanza 13.

Joanna Southcote. Joanna Southcott (1750–1814), the fanatic and impostor, whose prophesies had recently caused a good deal of excitement.

122. ‘Thick-coming fancies.’ Macbeth, Act V. Sc. 3.

123. The ‘Friend.’ Published in numbers at irregular intervals between June 1809 and March 1810. Coleridge published a recast—‘a complete Rifacimento’—of The Friend in 1818.

‘Like the swan’s down feather,’ etc. Antony and Cleopatra, Act III. Sc. 2.

124. ‘They are not sought for,’ etc. These words are quoted by Coleridge from Ecclesiasticus, xxxviii. 33–34. See A Lay Sermon, 308–309.

126. ‘Twice ten degrees,’ etc. Paradise Lost, X. 669–670.

‘With jealous leer malign.’ Ibid., IV. 503.

127. ‘Fraught with potential infidelity.’ A Lay Sermon, p. 329.

131. The Watchman. The Watchman ran from March to May, 1796. Coleridge gives an account of his tour to procure subscribers. See Biographia Literaria, Chap. X. The Conciones ad Populum, originally published in 1795, were reprinted in Essays on his own Times (1850).

One of Goldsmith’s Essays. See A Lay Sermon, p. 319 note.

As Gulliver did, etc. See A Voyage to Brobdingnag, Chap. V.

132. ‘As Alps o’er Alps arise.’ Pope, An Essay on Criticism, II. 232.

134. ‘High enthroned,’ etc. Paradise Lost, III. 58.

135. ‘It is by means,’ etc. See Hobbes, Leviathan, Part I. Chap. IV. 5, 15.

«ЛИТЕРАТУРНАЯ ЖИЗНЬ» КОЛЬРИДЖА

Эта рецензия, хотя и приписывается Джеффри лордом Кокберном и помечена как сомнительная мистером Айрлендом, безусловно принадлежит Хэзлитту. Почти весь длинный пассаж о Берке (стр. 150–154 настоящего тома), после того как он послужил в «The Champion» (5 октября 1817 г.), был опубликован Хэзлиттом в «Политических эссе» как первый из двух «Характеров мистера Берка», которые появились в этом томе. См. том III, стр. 250–253.

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135. ‘It will be found,’ etc. Chap. I.

‘At school,’ etc. Ibid.

138. Bowles’s Sonnets. William Lisle Bowles’s (1762–1850) famous Fourteen Sonnets written chiefly on Picturesque Spots during a Journey appeared anonymously in 1789. More sonnets were added in later editions. The sonnets of Thomas Warton (1728–1790) are frequently quoted by Hazlitt, and were eulogised by him in his Lectures on the English Poets (see vol. V. pp. 120–1). See Chap. I. of Biographia Literaria for Coleridge’s praise of Bowles.

138. Jacob Behmen. Jakob Boehme (1575–1624), the mystic.

The Morning Post. Coleridge’s contributions to The Morning Post (chiefly during 1800) were reprinted in Essays on his own Times (1850).

139. ‘It is not, however,’ etc. Note at the end of Chap. III.

The Cannings, the Giffords, and the Freres. William Gifford (1756–1826) was the editor of the Anti-Jacobin (1797–8), and George Canning (1770–1827) and John Hookham Frere (1769–1846) were the chief contributors. See an article in The Athenæum for May 31, 1890, on ‘Coleridge and The Anti-Jacobin.’

140. ‘Publicly,’ etc. Biographia Literaria, Chap. III.

142. ‘Full of wise saws,’ etc. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

‘It has been hinted,’ etc. Biographia Literaria, Chap. IV.

143. Mr. C. thinks fit, etc. Chap. V.

144. A series of citations. Hazlitt probably refers to an article in The Examiner for March 31, 1816, which consists to a large extent of quotations from Hobbes’s Leviathan, and which is referred to in a later volume of the present edition; but he was never tired of proclaiming the greatness and originality of Hobbes. Cf. the essay or lecture ‘On the writings of Hobbes,’ published in Literary Remains.

145. ‘Sound book-learnedness.’ A Lay Sermon (Bohn), p. 327.

‘Wander down,’ etc. Paradise Lost, XI. 282–284.

‘Towards the close,’ etc. Chap. X.

150. ‘As our very sign-boards,’ etc. Ibid.

‘Let the scholar,’ etc. Ibid.

It is not without reluctance, etc. The greater part of this character of Burke, down to the foot of p. 154, was repeated in Political Essays. See vol. III. pp. 250 et seq., and notes.

155. Any account of it at all. At this point in The Edinburgh Review a long note, signed F. J., is appended, in which Jeffrey replies to what he describes as ‘averments of a personal and injurious nature’ against the Edinburgh Review. A great part of the note relates to Coleridge’s attack on Jeffrey in Chap. III. of the Biographia Literaria (see Bohn’s edition, p. 25 note), but part of it concerns Hazlitt. Coleridge had said (Chap. xxiv.): ‘In the Edinburgh Review it [Christabel] was assailed with a malignity and a personal hatred that ought to have injured only the work in which such a tirade was suffered to appear: and this review was generally attributed (whether rightly or no I know not) to a man, who both in my presence and in my absence has repeatedly pronounced it the finest poem in the language.’ Jeffrey refers to this passage, and states that when he visited Coleridge at Keswick, there was some talk about the poem. ‘We spoke,’ he says, ‘of Christabel, and I advised him to publish it; but I did not say it was either the finest poem of the kind, or a fine poem at all; and I am sure of this, for the best of all reasons, that at this time, and indeed till after it was published, I never saw or heard more than four or five lines of it, which my friend Mr. Scott once repeated to me. That eminent person, indeed, spoke favourably of it; and I rather think I told Mr. C. that I had heard him say, that it was to it he was indebted for the first idea of that romantic narrative in irregular verse, which he afterwards exemplified in his Lay of the Last Minstrel, and other works. In these circumstances, I felt a natural curiosity to see this great original; and I can sincerely say, that no admirer of Mr. C. could be more disappointed or astonished than I was, when it did make its appearance. I did not review it.’ With regard to A Lay Sermon, Coleridge had said (Biographia Literaria, chap. xxiv.): ‘A long delay occurred between its first annunciation and its appearance; it was reviewed, therefore, by anticipation with a malignity so avowedly and exclusively personal as is, I believe, unprecedented even in the present contempt of all common humanity that disgraces and endangers the liberty of the press. After its appearance, the author of this lampoon was chosen to review it in the Edinburgh Review: and under the single condition, that he should have written what he himself really thought, and have criticised the work as he would have done had its author been indifferent to him, I should have chosen that man myself, both from the vigour and the originality of his mind, and from his particular acuteness in speculative reasoning, before all others. I remembered Catullus’s lines [lxxiii.]:

“Desine de quoquam quicquam bene velle mereri,

Aut aliquem fieri posse putare pium.

Omnia sunt ingrata: nihil fecisse benigne est:

Immo, etiam taedet, taedet obestque magis.

Ut mihi, quem nemo gravius nec acerbius urget

Quam modo qui me unum atque unicum amicum habuit.”

But I can truly say, that the grief with which I read this rhapsody of predetermined insult had the rhapsodist himself for its whole and sole object: and that the indignant contempt which it excited in me, was as exclusively confined to his employer and suborner.’ Coleridge here refers to the first of the two reviews of A Lay Sermon, contributed by Hazlitt to The Examiner in 1816. See Political Essays, vol. III. pp. 138–142. Jeffrey’s reply is as follows: ‘As to the review of the Lay Sermon, I have only to say, in one word, that I never employed or suborned any body to abuse or extol it or any other publication. I do not so much as know or conjecture what Mr. C. alludes to as a malignant lampoon or review by anticipation, which he says had previously appeared somewhere else. I never saw nor heard of any such publication. Nay, I was not even aware of the existence of the Lay Sermon itself, when a review of it was offered me by a gentleman in whose judgment and talents I had great confidence, but whom I certainly never suspected, and do not suspect at this moment, of having any personal or partial feelings of any kind towards its author. I therefore accepted his offer, and printed his review, with some retrenchments and verbal alterations, just as I was setting off, in a great hurry, for London, on professional business, in January last.’

156. ‘The dew of Castalie.’ Cf. ‘With verses, dipt in deaw of Castalie.’ Spenser, The Ruines of Time, l. 431.

‘Sky-tinctured.’ Paradise Lost, V. 285.

‘Thoughts that voluntary move,’ etc. Ibid., III. 37–38.

157. ‘The golden cadences of poesy.’ Love’s Labour’s Lost, Act IV. Sc. 2.

‘Poets [lovers and madmen] have such seething brains.’ A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act V. Sc. 1.

With Plato. The Republic, Book X.

158. ‘Pleasurable poetic fervour.’ Hazlitt probably had in his mind chap. xviii. of the Biographia Literaria. The words suggest that conception of poetry which was expressed by Wordsworth in his Preface to the Lyrical Ballads (especially in the extended 1802 form), and which was frequently repeated by Coleridge. See, in addition to the Biographia Literaria, Lectures on Shakespere, etc. (Bohn’s ed.), p. 49.

158. Note.—Maturin’s Bertram was attacked in The Courier, ‘the pen being either wielded or guided by Coleridge,’ but the attack in Biographia Literaria was a different one. See Dykes Campbell’s Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 223 note 1.

ПИСЬМА ГОРАЦИЯ УОЛПОЛА

Рецензия на «Письма достопочтенного Горация Уолпола Джорджу Монтегю, эсквайру. С 1736 по 1770 год», опубликованные в 1818 году. Этот и другие тома переписки Уолпола были переизданы в собрании сочинений «Писем Уолпола» Питера Каннингема (9 томов, 1857–1859), где можно найти пассажи, процитированные Хэзлиттом.

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159. Princess Amelia. George II.’s daughter. See Walpole’s Letters, passim.

George Selwyn. George Augustus Selwyn (1719–1791), the wit, Walpole’s ‘oldest acquaintance and friend.’

Mr. Chute. John Chute (1703–1776), a great friend of Walpole’s. See especially a letter to Sir Horace Mann, 27 May, 1776.

160. ‘Of outward show,’ etc. Paradise Lost, VIII. 539.

Pam. The Knave of Clubs, and the best trump at one form of Loo.

161. Balmerino. Arthur Elphinstone, sixth Lord Balmerino (1688–1746), beheaded for participation in the Rebellion of 1745.

‘Are kept in ponderous vases.’ Pope, The Rape of the Lock, V. 115.

163. ‘Have got the start,’ etc. Julius Cæsar, Act I. Sc. 2.

Poor Bentley. Richard Bentley (1708–1782), son of the scholar.

‘High fantastical.’ Twelfth Night, Act I. Sc. 1.

164. Müntz. John Henry Müntz, a Swiss, who painted and copied paintings for Walpole.

‘That which he esteemed,’ etc. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 7.

Mr. Mason. William Mason (1724–1797), the poet and friend of Gray.

165. The Mysterious Mother. Walpole’s tragedy (1768).

166. ‘Himself and the universe.’ Hazlitt elsewhere says of Wordsworth (vol. I. p. 113), ‘it is as if there were nothing but himself and the universe.’

‘Admit no discourse,’ etc. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

168. Lord Ferrers. Laurence Shirley (1720–1760), fourth Earl Ferrers, was hanged for the murder of his steward, John Johnson.

169. ‘Sleep no more,’ etc. Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 2.

172. Smithson. Sir Hugh Smithson (1715–1786), married in 1740 the heiress of the Percy estates, succeeded to the title of Earl of Northumberland in 1750, and was created Duke in 1766.

Pope. Hazlitt refers presumably to ‘Song, by a Person of Quality,’ beginning, ‘Flutt’ring spread thy purple pinions.’

‘Very chargeable.’ A New Way to Pay Old Debts, Act III. Sc. 2.

ЖИЗНЬ СЭРА ДЖОШУА РЕЙНОЛЬДСА

«Мемуары о жизни сэра Джошуа Рейнольдса» Джозефа Фарингтона (1747–1821) были опубликованы в 1819 году. Эта рецензия была переиздана в «Критике искусства» (1843–4) и в «Эссе об изящных искусствах» (1873).

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172. Dispute between their late President, etc. Relating to the election of Joseph Bonomi as professor of perspective. Reynolds resigned his membership of the Academy in Feb. 1790, but afterwards withdrew his resignation. Edmond Malone (1741–1812) published a Memoir of Reynolds in 1797.

173. ‘Pleased with a rattle,’ etc. Pope, Essay on Man, II. 276.

174. Richardson. Jonathan Richardson (1665–1745), author of A Theory of Painting (1715).

Hudson. Thomas Hudson (1701–1779), portrait-painter.

177. The French materialists. See Helvétius, De l’Esprit, Discourse III.

178. ‘A greater general capacity,’ etc. See Johnson’s Life of Cowley.

180. Hayman. See Vol. i. (The Round Table) note to p. 149.

Highmore. Ibid.

‘Darted contagious fire.’ Paradise Lost, IX. 1036.

181. Gandy. See vol VI. (Table Talk), note to p. 21.

184. In the days of Montesquieu. See his De l’ Esprit des Lois.

185. ‘Like flowers,’ etc. Macbeth, Act IV. Sc. 3.

186. Says Schlegel. Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature, I.

‘Like the forced pace,’ etc. Henry IV., Part I. Act III. Sc. 1.

‘With coy, reluctant,’ etc. ‘And sweet, reluctant, amorous delay.’ Paradise Lost, IV. 311.

Terrae filii. Cf. Persius, Satires, VI. 59.

‘The crown which Ariadne,’ etc. Cf. The Faerie Queene, Book VI. Canto X. St. 13.

‘Their affections,’ etc. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

187. In that part of the country. Winterslow presumably.

‘Returning with a choral song,’ etc. Wordsworth, Ruth, 53–54.

‘We also are not Arcadians!’ Hazlitt frequently quoted the old saying, attributed to Schidoni, ‘Et ego in Arcadia vixi.’ See, e.g. Table Talk, vol. VI. p. 168.

188. ‘The unbought grace of life.’ Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 89).

190. Leo. Leo X. (1475–1521), son of Lorenzo de’ Medici.

Piranesi’s drawings. Giambattista Piranesi (1720–1778), engraver of architecture and ancient ruins.

Winckelman. Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768), author of Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums (1764).

191. ‘All eyes’ etc. Cf. Isaiah, xlv. 22–23, and Romans, xiv. 11.

‘Amazing brightness,’ etc. Otway, Venice Preserved, Act I. Sc. 1.

‘A present deity,’ etc. Dryden, Alexander’s Feast, 35–36.

The Madona of Foligno. Raphael’s, in the Vatican.

The ceiling at Parma. Painted by Girolamo Mazzola, a pupil of Correggio.

192. Leonardo’s Last Supper. This famous fresco, now almost entirely destroyed, was at the convent of S. Maria delle Grazie at Milan.

The institution of Academies, etc. Cf. vol I. The Round Table, p. 160 and note, and vol. IX. p. 311 et seq.

195. ‘The cat and canary-bird,’ etc. See ante, p. 193.

‘Leaving the thing,’ etc. Philippians, iii. 13.

196. The Catalogue Raisonnée. Cf. vol. I., The Round Table, pp. 140 et seq.

‘With jealous leer malign.’ Paradise Lost, IV. 503.

197. Grampound. The borough was disfranchised for corrupt practices in 1821.

‘That is true history.’ This was said by Fuseli. See vol. VI. (Mr. Northcote’s Conversations), p. 340.

199. Mr. West’s pictures. Benjamin West (1738–1820), president of the Royal Academy from 1792. Cf. vol. IX. pp. 318 et seq.

Barry. James Barry (1741–1806). Hazlitt refers to one of the pictures Barry painted for the Society of Arts in John Street, Adelphi.

200. ‘The bodiless creations,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 4, ll. 136–137.

‘Like the baseless fabric,’ etc. The Tempest, Act IV. Sc. 1.

Mr. Haydon. Benjamin Robert Haydon (1786–1846). Mr. W. C. Hazlitt has given an account of his relations with Hazlitt. See Memoirs, I. 209–213, and Four Generations of a Literary Family, I. 234–236. At his house Hazlitt met Keats.

‘So from the root,’ etc. Paradise Lost, V. 479–481.

201. His own Penitent Girl. Hazlitt seems to refer to a figure in the Christ’s Entry into Jerusalem.

His Christ. Haydon’s picture, Christ’s Entry into Jerusalem, was first exhibited in 1820. At the private view, Haydon says (Tom Taylor’s Life, I. 371), ‘the room was full, Keats and Hazlitt were up in a corner, really rejoicing.’ Hazlitt is introduced into the picture ‘looking at the Saviour as an investigator.’ The picture is now in America. For Mrs. Siddons’s opinion of the picture see Life, I. 372.

Mr. Haydon is a devoted, etc. See his letter in The Examiner, March 17, 1816.

ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКАЯ ПРЕССА

На это эссе ссылается Брум, который 18 августа 1837 года писал Маквею Нейпиру (тогдашнему редактору «Эдинбургского обозрения»): «Я хотел бы, чтобы газетной прессе не льстили так сильно; во всяком случае, следовало бы указать на ее вопиющие недостатки. Это было сделано, и очень плохо сделано, в 1823 году, когда у нее почти не было грехов, за которые нужно было отвечать». («Избранная переписка Маквея Нейпира», стр. 199).

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204. ‘We are [I am] nothing, if not critical. Othello, Act II. Sc. 1. The words were used by Hazlitt as the motto to A View of the English Stage.

Terra plena, etc. Æneid, I. 460.

‘Large discourse,’ etc. Hamlet, Act IV. Sc. 4.

205. ‘The pomp of elder days.’ Thomas Warton’s Sonnet, ‘Written in a blank leaf of Dugdale’s Monasticon.’

206. ‘Cabin’d,’ etc. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.

207. The Children of the Mist. In The Legend of Montrose.

‘A chemist,’ etc. Absalom and Achitophel, I. 550.

208. Sir Thomas Lawrence. President of the Royal Academy from 1820 till his death in 1830.

‘Though he should have,’ etc. Adapted from 1 Corinthians, xiii. 1.

‘The toe of the scholar,’ etc. Varied from Hamlet, Act V. Sc. 1.

209. ‘Take the good,’ etc. Dryden, Alexander’s Feast, 106.

210. ‘Make the age to come her own.’ Cowley, The Motto, l. 2.

Mille ornatus habet, etc. ‘Mille habet ornatus, mille decenter habet.’ From the first of the Sulpicia poems which are in Book IV. of the Elegies of Tibullus, but the authorship of which is not certainly known.

‘Now this,’ etc. Spenser, Muiopotmos, St. 22.

‘To beguile the time,’ etc. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.

211. ‘Squeak and gibber.’ Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 1.

The St. James’s Chronicle. Started in 1760 as a tri-weekly, independent Whig evening paper. It was for a time edited by James Mill.

212 note. Mrs. Radcliffe, the novelist, was married in 1787 to William Radcliffe, an Oxford graduate and a student of law, described by Sir Walter Scott (Lives of the Novelists) as ‘afterwards proprietor and editor of the English Chronicle.’

213. The Morning Chronicle. Founded June 28, 1769. The early notable editors were William Woodfall (1746–1803), James Perry (1756–1821), who was editor from 1789 to 1817, and John Black (1783–1855). For Perry cf. vol. VI. Table Talk, p. 292.

Porson. Richard Porson (1759–1808) was Perry’s brother-in-law.

Jekyll. Joseph Jekyll (d. 1837) contributed many of his jokes to The Morning Chronicle.

214. The Marquis Marialva. Gil Blas, Livre VII. chap x.

215. Lord Nugent. Presumably Robert, Earl Nugent (1702–1788), who retired from parliamentary life in 1784. It is odd that Hazlitt should refer to so well-known a man as a Lord Nugent.

The Times Newspaper. John Walter (1739–1812) in 1785 started The Daily Universal Register, the name of which was changed on Jan. 1, 1788 to The Times or Daily Universal Register, and on March 18, 1788 to The Times.

A steam-engine. See vol. III. Political Essays, p. 158.

216. ‘Ever strong,’ etc. King John, Act III. Sc. 1.

‘Whiff and wind.’ Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

‘Aggravate its voice,’ etc. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act I. Sc. 2.

217. Mr. Walter. John Walter the Second (1776–1847).

A writer in his employ. Hazlitt’s brother-in-law, Dr. (afterwards Sir John) Stoddart, who left The Times in 1817 and started The Day and New Times, called from 1818 onwards The New Times. Hazlitt frequently attacks him.

‘Champion’s Legitimacy,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 1.

219. The late queen. Queen Caroline, George IV.’s wife, who died in 1821, shortly after her trial.

The Courier. An evening paper bought in 1799 by Coleridge’s friend Daniel Stuart (1766–1846), under whose management it quickly gained a large circulation.

‘The force of dulness,’ etc. Cf. ‘The force of nature could no farther go.’ Dryden, Lines printed under the engraved portrait of Milton.

The ingenious editor. William Mudford (1782–1848) was editor for some years before 1828.

220. The Sun. An evening paper started in 1792 by Pitt’s friend, George Rose.

The Traveller. Started about 1803 by Edward Quin (d. 1823). It was amalgamated with The Globe in 1823.

The Morning Post. Founded in 1772.

Cobbett. William Cobbett (1762–1835) who started The Weekly Political Register in 1802.

We once tried, etc. Jeffrey attacked Cobbett in the Edinburgh (July 1807, vol. X. p. 386).

The Examiner. Founded by John and Leigh Hunt in 1808. Hazlitt had of course been intimately associated with the paper.

The News. A Sunday paper started in 1805.

The Observer. Another Sunday paper first made successful by William Innell Clement (d. 1852), who afterwards bought The Morning Chronicle.

221. The Weekly Literary Journals, Gazettes. Of which The Literary Gazette, founded in 1817 and edited for a long time by William Jerdan (1782–1869), was the chief. Others were The Literary Journal (founded by James Mill in 1803) and The Literary Chronicle.

‘Coming Reviews,’ etc. Cf. ‘And coming events cast their shadows before.’ Campbell, Lochiel’s Warnings, l. 56.

The Scotsman. Started in 1817 by Charles Maclaren (1782–1866), who was editor from 1820 to 1845.

The Gentleman’s Magazine. Founded in 1731 by Johnson’s first employer, Edward Cave (1691–1754).

Mr. Blackwood’s. Founded in April 1817 by William Blackwood (1776–1834) as The Edinburgh Monthly Magazine. With the seventh number (Oct. 1, 1817) the title was changed to ‘Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine.’ The thousandth number appeared in February, 1899.

The European. Founded by James Perry in 1782.

The Lady’s. The Lady’s Magazine; or entertaining Companion for the fair sex, 1717–1818. A new series began in 1820.

The London. The London Magazine was started in January 1820, with John Scott (1723–1821) as editor, and for some years maintained a very high level of excellence. See Talfourd’s Final Memorials of Charles Lamb (II. 1–9), and Mr. Bertram Dobell’s Sidelights on Charles Lamb. Hazlitt was a regular contributor.

The Monthly. The Monthly Magazine founded in 1796 by Richard (afterwards Sir Richard) Phillips (1767–1840).

The New Monthly. The New Monthly Magazine was started by Henry Colburn (d. 1855) in 1814, in opposition to Phillips’s magazine. A new series, edited by Thomas Campbell, began in 1821. Many of Hazlitt’s best-known essays were contributed to it. The working editor was Cyrus Redding (1785–1870).

The head of Memnon. Hazlitt might have seen a plate of this in The London Magazine for February, 1821.

Dr. Johnson’s dispute, etc. See Boswell’s Life of Johnson (ed. G. B. Hill), I. 154.

222. Elia. Lamb wrote many of his Elia essays in The London Magazine, chiefly between 1820 and 1823.

The author of Table Talk. Hazlitt himself.

The Confessions of an Opium-Eater. Published in The London Magazine for September and October, 1821.

Tales of Traditional Literature. A series of tales by Allan Cunningham (1784–1842), republished in 1822 as ‘Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry.’

Mr. Geoffrey Crayon. Washington Irving (1783–1859), whose Sketch Book, to which Hazlitt probably refers, appeared in New York, 1819–1820.

‘With a blush,’ etc. Troilus and Cressida, Act I. Sc. 3.

223. The Editor, we are afraid, etc. Talfourd, in his Final Memorials of Charles Lamb, gives a lively account of Campbell’s fastidious editorship of the New Monthly.

‘Lively’ [waking], etc. Coriolanus, Act IV. Sc. 5.

‘The sin,’ etc. Hebrews, xii. 1.

225. The Anti-Jacobin. Cf. ante, p. 139 and note.

‘The manna,’ etc. Pulci’s Morgante Maggiore. See ante, p. 69.

‘The pelting,’ etc. King Lear, Act III. Sc. 4.

227. A well-known paper. John Bull, Oct. 27, 1822. On the previous Tuesday (Oct. 22) young Las Cases ‘applied a horsewhip to the shoulders’ of Sir Hudson Lowe, with a view, as he said, to provoke a duel. Lowe obtained a warrant for the apprehension of Las Cases, who, however, retired to France. The radical papers made great fun of the incident. See The Examiner, Nov. 3, 1822.

A man of classical taste, etc. Hazlitt refers to Leigh Hunt and The Story of Rimini. See vol. I. (A Letter to William Gifford), pp. 376–378 and notes.

228. A young poet. On Keats and his Critics see vol. VI. (Table Talk), p. 98 and note, and vol. IV. (The Spirit of the Age), pp. 302–307 and notes.

Author of the Baviad, etc. William Gifford.

229. Such a paper was detected, etc. This was John Bull, Theodore Hook’s weekly paper, which on August 18, 1822, accused Mr. Fyshe Palmer, member for Reading, of having said that ‘he should have a dinner at the Crown on the occasion, with a haunch of venison, and turtle, and lots of punch.’ The detection was quoted from The Times in John Bull, Sep. 15, 1822.

«ВООБРАЖАЕМЫЕ РАЗГОВОРЫ» ЛЭНДОРА

Хэзлитт здесь рецензирует первые два тома «Воображаемых разговоров» Уолтера Сэвиджа Лэндора (1775–1864), опубликованные в 1824 году. Второе издание, «исправленное и дополненное», появилось в 1826 году, а том III, завершающий «первую серию», — в 1828 году. Тома IV и V, составляющие «вторую серию», были опубликованы в 1829 году. Об отчете о визите Хэзлитта к Лэндору во Флоренции в 1825 году см. «Уолтер Сэвидж Лэндор, биография» Форстера, II. 201–211, где процитировано последующее письмо Хэзлитта к Лэндору, в котором он говорит: «Я очень рад, что вы довольны "Духом века". Кто-то должен его любить, ибо я уверен, что найдется много желающих выступить против него. Надеюсь, вы не нашли никаких досадных ошибок во втором томе; но вы едва ли можете предположить, в каком подавленном состоянии духа и тела я писал некоторые из этих статей». Эта рецензия на «Воображаемые разговоры», по-видимому, была довольно сильно сокращена Джеффри.

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231. ‘Great wits,’ etc. Absalom and Achitophel, I. 163.

233. ‘It travels in a road’ [strait], etc. Troilus and Cressida, Act III. Sc. 3.

235. Dashed and brewed. Dryden, Absalom and Achitophel, I. 114.

‘To every good word,’ etc. Epistle to Titus, I. 16.

238. ‘All in conscience,’ etc. Chaucer, Prologue, 150.

Note. Tâtar. Cf., e.g.,

‘Persian and Copt and Tatar, in one bond

Of erring faith conjoin’d.’

Roderick, the Last of the Goths, I. 18–19.

See also Notes and Queries, tenth Series, I. 11, 12.

242. ‘The fairest princess under sky.’ The Faerie Queene, Introductory Stanzas, IV.

‘Paint the lily,’ etc. King John, Act IV. Sc. 2.

243. ‘Famous poets’ verse.’ Spenser, The Faerie Queene, I. XI. 27, and III. IV. 1.

‘The spur,’ etc. Lycidas, 70.

Belvidera’s sorrows. In Otway’s Venice Preserved.

245. Occasion and Furor. The Faerie Queene, Book II. Canto IV.

‘Cymocles,’ etc. Ibid., Book II. Canto VI.

The philosopher of Malmesbury. Hobbes.

250. Horace’s ‘nine years.’ ‘Nonumque prematur in annum.’ Ars Poetica, 388.

‘Que, si sous Adam,’ etc. A line in Boileau’s tenth satire. See the Conversation between the Abbé Delille and Walter Landor.

General Mina. The second volume of Imaginary Conversations was dedicated to General Espoz y Mina (1784–1835), the Spanish patriot who opposed Napoleon, and, later, the tyranny of the restored Bourbons.

Balasteros. Francisco Ballasteros (1770–1832), the Spanish general, who had capitulated to the French invaders in 1823, and been banished for life.

251. Caviare to the multitude [general]. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

254. Articles in The Friend. See The Friend, February 8, 1810. Coleridge referred to this essay, and quoted passages from it in one of the articles he wrote in The Courier in 1811. See Essays on his own Times, III. 829 et seq. These articles are probably alluded to by Hazlitt when he speaks of ‘strong allusions ... in a celebrated journal.’

255. ‘Final hope,’ etc. Paradise Lost, II. 143.

‘To shut,’ etc. Cf. ‘She opened; but to shut excelled her power.’ Paradise Lost, II. 883–884.

Bolivar. Simon Bolivar (1783–1830), ‘the Liberator’ of South America. Landor dedicated to him the third volume of his Imaginary Conversations.

Gebir. Published anonymously in 1798. ‘Many parts of it,’ says Landor (Preface to 1831 edition), ‘were first composed in Latin; and I doubted in which language to complete it.’

‘Pleased they remember,’ etc. Cf. Gebir, I. 168–169.

Count Julian. Published anonymously in 1812.

ПОСМЕРТНЫЕ СТИХИ ШЕЛЛИ

Том, рецензируемый здесь, был опубликован в 1824 году Джоном и Генри Л. Хантами. Хэзлитт мало симпатизировал Шелли ни как человеку, ни как поэту. Основания его недоверия к нему как к человеку приведены не раз, наиболее полно, пожалуй, в эссе «О парадоксе и общих местах» («Table Talk», VI. 148–150), что привело к ссоре между Хэзлиттом и Ли Хантом в 1821 году. См. «Мемуары Уильяма Хэзлитта», I. 304–315 и «Четыре поколения литературной семьи», I. 130–135. Что касается поэзии Шелли, П. Г. Пэтмор предполагает, что Хэзлитт знал о ней мало или ничего. «Хотя я часто, — говорит он («Мои друзья и знакомые», III. 136), — слышал, как он пренебрежительно отзывался о Шелли как о поэте, я никогда не слышал, чтобы он ссылался на хоть одну строку или пассаж из его опубликованных сочинений». Хэзлитт встретил Шелли у Ли Ханта, и они обсуждали монархию и республиканизм до трех часов утра. См. дневник Мэри Шелли за 1817 год, процитированный в «Жизни» профессора Даудена, II. 103.

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256. ‘Too fiery,’ etc. Cf. ‘You know the fiery quality of the duke.’ King Lear, Act II. Sc. 4.

‘Beyond the visible,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, VII. 22.

‘All air.’ Cf. ‘He is pure air and fire.’ Henry V., Act III. Sc. 7.

257. ‘So divinely wrought,’ etc. Cf. John Donne, An Anatomy of the World, Second Anniversary, 245–246.

‘And dallies,’ etc. Richard III., Act I. Sc. 3.

‘More subtle web,’ etc. The Faerie Queene, Book II. Canto XII. St. 77.

259. ‘There the antics sit.’ Richard II., Act. III. Sc. 2.

‘Palsied eld.’ Measure for Measure, Act III. Sc. 1.

260. Mr. Shelley died, etc. When Shelley’s body was cast ashore near Via Reggio (July 18, 1822), a volume of Keats’s poems was found in one pocket, and a volume of Sophocles in the other.

Two out of four poets, patriots, and friends. The four poets were presumably Shelley, Keats, Byron and Leigh Hunt.

Keats died young, etc. Cf. vol. VI. (Table Talk) p. 99.

A third has since been added, etc. Byron died at Mesolonghi, April 19, 1824.

261. Mrs. Shelley. Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin (1797–1851) married to Shelley, Dec. 30, 1816.

Alastor. Originally published in 1816.

Translation of the May-day Night. Published in The Liberal.

Julian and Maddalo. This poem, first published in Posthumous Poems, had been sent to Leigh Hunt in 1819 for publication by Ollier.

264. ‘Made as flax.’ Cf. Judges, XV. 14.

267. The Letter to a Friend in London. The Letter to Maria Gisborne presumably.

‘Toys of feathered cupid.’ Othello, Act I. Sc. 3.

269. ‘The sun is warm,’ etc. Stanzas written in dejection near Naples.

270. Mr. Keats’s sounding lines. Endymion, Book I. 232 et seq.

‘Weakness and melancholy.’ Cf. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

271. ‘To elevate and surprise.’ The Duke of Buckingham’s Rehearsal, Act I. Sc. 1.

‘Overstep the modesty.’ Hamlet, Act III., Sc. 2.

‘Good set terms.’ As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.

Lord Leveson Gower. Lord Francis Leveson Gower (1800–1857), son of the second Marquis of Stafford, inherited a large property from his uncle, Francis Henry Egerton, Earl of Bridgewater, assumed the name of Egerton, and in 1846 was created Earl of Ellesmere. His translation of Faust appeared in 1823.

275. Note. See vol. V. pp. 202–203, and notes.

«ЖИЗНЬ САЛЬВАТОРА» ЛЕДИ МОРГАН

Эта «Жизнь» появилась в 1823 году. Сидни Оуэнсон (1783?–1859), автор «Дикой ирландки» (1806) и многих других менее известных книг, была дочерью актера Роберта Оуэнсона, а в 1812 году вышла замуж за сэра Томаса Чарльза Моргана, врача и философа. Ср. «Дух века» (том IV), стр. 308, и «Простой оратор» (том VII), стр. 220. Эта рецензия была переиздана в «Критике искусства» (1843–4) и в «Эссе об изящных искусствах» (1873).

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278. The miracle in Virgil. Æneid, III. 37–40.

279. ‘Housing with wild men,’ etc. Coleridge, Zapolya, Act II. Sc. 1.

280. ‘Their mind,’ etc. Sir Edward Dyer’s poem, beginning ‘My mind to me a kingdom is.’

‘In measureless content.’ Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 1.

‘Unjust tribunals,’ etc. Samson Agonistes, 695.

282. ‘Pride, pomp,’ etc. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

283. The celebrated Lanfranco. Giovanni Lanfranco (1581–1647), the painter.

‘Skins and films,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 4.

287. ‘Another moon,’ etc. Paradise Lost, V. 311.

291. ‘According to Lord Bacon,’ etc. Advancement of Learning, Bk. II. iv. p. 2.

‘Burke, in a like manner,’ etc. See A Letter to a Member of the National Assembly, 1791 (Works, Bohn, II. p. 535, et seq.)

292. ‘Moralizes,’ etc. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 1.

Bernini. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680), the sculptor.

296. Passeri. Giovanni Battista Passeri (1610?–1679), author of Vite de’Pittori, Scultori, e Architetri, etc. (1772).

Mrs. Radcliffe’s Italian. Ann Radcliffe’s The Italian, 1797.

Thaddeus of Warsaw. By Jane Porter (1776–1850), published in 1803.

298. ‘Like a wounded snake,’ etc. Pope, An Essay on Criticism (II.), 357.

300. ‘Where universal Pan,’ etc. Paradise Lost, IV. 266–268.

301. Massaniello. Tommaso Aniello—called Masaniello—(1623–1647), the fisherman leader of the Neapolitan revolt against the Spanish viceroy in 1647.

АМЕРИКАНСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА — Д-Р ЧАННИНГ

Эта рецензия указана как принадлежащая Хэзлитту в томе «Избранной переписки покойного Маквея Нейпира», стр. 70, примечание. Джеффри пишет Нейпиру 23 ноября 1829 года (там же, стр. 69–70): «Ваш американский рецензент не первоклассный человек, довольно умный писатель, но не глубокий, не рассудительный и даже не очень справедливый. Я понятия не имею, кто он. Если он молод, из него может выйти толк, но его следует приучить к более скромному мнению о себе, к тому, чтобы он прикладывал немного больше усилий и более терпеливо и тщательно вникал в свой предмет». Карлейль, с другой стороны, пишет 27 января 1830 года (там же, стр. 78): «Мне очень понравился последний [номер]; рецензия на Чаннинга показалась мне особенно хорошей». Очень странно, что Джеффри не узнал манеру Хэзлитта. Проктер («Автобиографический фрагмент», стр. 261) цитирует письмо Джеффри от 12 мая 1826 года, в котором он говорит: «Можете ли вы сказать мне что-нибудь о нашем старом союзнике Хэзлитте?»

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310. Mr. Brown. Charles Brockden Brown (1771–1810), one of the earliest of American writers, author of Wieland (1798), Ormond (1799), Arthur Mervyn (1800), Edgar Huntley (1801), Clara Howard (1801), and Jane Talbot (1804). The first four of these are mentioned by Peacock as amongst the books ‘which took the deepest root in Shelley’s mind, and had the strongest influence on the formation of his character.’

310. Mr. Cooper. James Fenimore Cooper (1789–1851), whose most famous novel, The Last of the Mohicans, had appeared in 1826.

311. An ample tribute of respect. See reviews in the Edinburgh of The Sketch Book (Aug. 1820), and Bracebridge Hall (Nov. 1822). Both were written by Jeffrey.

Frankenstein. Mrs. Shelley’s novel (1818).

‘Of Brownies,’ etc. ‘Of Brownies and of bogillis full this buke.’ Gawin Douglas, Aeneis, VI. Prol. 18.

They hoot the Beggar’s Opera, etc. Cf. vol. VIII. (Dramatic Essays), p. 473 and note.

312. Our own unrivalled novelist. Sir Walter Scott.

313. The historiographer of Brother Jonathan. Hazlitt refers to John Neal’s Brother Jonathan: or the New Englanders. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1825.

His Pilot. 1823.

‘To suffer,’ etc. The Tempest, Act I. Sc. 2.

314. ‘Line upon line,’ etc. Isaiah, xxviii. 10.

Franklin. Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790).

Poor Robin. Poor Richard’s Almanac, begun by Franklin in 1732, and continued with great success for twenty-five years.

1754. This apparently should be 1764.

‘Metre-ballad-mongering.’ Cf. Henry IV., Part I. Act III. Sc. 1.

315. Jonathan Edwards. Jonathan Edwards (1703–1758), whose Freedom of the Will appeared in 1754. Cf. Hazlitt’s philosophical lectures in vol. XI.

‘An honest method.’ Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

316. Dr. Channing. William Ellery Channing (1780–1842), minister of a Congregational church in Boston from 1803. He had visited England in 1822. Hazlitt is here reviewing Sermons and Tracts: including Remarks on the Character and Writings of Milton, and of Fenelon; and an analysis of the Character of Napoleon Bonaparte, 1829.

320. In answer to Fenelon. Channing’s ‘Remarks’ were upon a volume of Selections from Fénelon, published in Boston, 1829.

323. Bishop Butler’s Sermons. 1726.

325. ‘Wise above what is written.’ Cf. 1 Corinthians, iv. 6.

‘With authority,’ etc. S. Matthew, vii. 29.

326. ‘As having something,’ etc. The Advancement of Learning, Book II. iv. 2.

327. ‘The father of lies.’ Cf. Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy, Partition I. Sec. IV. Member i. Subsection 4.

328. Fielding’s character of Mr. Abraham Adams. Joseph Andrews, Book III. chap. 5.

329. ‘No babies.’ ‘I am no baby.’ Titus Andronicus, Act V. Sc. 3.

ЛЕКЦИИ ФЛАКСМАНА ПО СКУЛЬПТУРЕ

Рецензия на «Лекции по скульптуре» Джона Флаксмана (1755–1826) (1829). Рецензия была переиздана в «Критике искусства» (1843–4) и в «Эссе об изящных искусствах» (1873). Флаксман был профессором скульптуры в Королевской академии с 1810 года. В своих «Мемуарах Уильяма Хэзлитта» (II. 269) мистер У. К. Хэзлитт приводит ряд маргинальных заметок, сделанных Хэзлиттом на его экземпляре «Лекций» Флаксмана, вероятно, с целью написания этой статьи.

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335. Torregiano. Pietro Torrigiano (c. 1470–1522), the Florentine sculptor who broke Michael Angelo’s nose. He came to England in 1509.

‘A city,’ etc. S. Matthew, V. 14.

336. ‘High and palmy.’ Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 1.

‘Growing with its growth.’ Pope, Essay on Man, II. 136.

341. Sir Anthony Carlisle. Sir Anthony Carlisle (1768–1840), the surgeon, studied for a time at the Royal Academy, and wrote an essay ‘On the Connection between Anatomy and the Fine Arts,’ to which Hazlitt probably refers.

344. ‘To make Gods,’ etc. Cf. Genesis, i. 26.

‘Hitherto,’ etc. Job, xxxviii. 11.

345. ‘The labour,’ etc. Macbeth, Act II. Sc. 3.

348. ‘Shreds and patches.’ Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 4.

‘Upon her eyebrows,’ etc. The Faerie Queene, Book II. Canto III. St. 25.

349. ‘By their own beauty,’ etc. Cf. ‘By our own spirits are we deified.’ Wordsworth, Resolution and Independence, 47.

350. ‘The scale,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, VIII. 591–592.

351. Incendio del Borgo. Raphael’s fresco in the Vatican.

«ЖИЗНЬ И ВРЕМЕНА ДАНИЭЛЯ ДЕФО» УИЛСОНА

«Мемуары о жизни и временах Даниэля Дефо» Уолтера Уилсона (1781–1847) были опубликованы в 3 томах в 1830 году.

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355. Tutchin and Ridpath. John Tutchin (1661?–1707) and George Ridpath (d. 1726), two Whig contemporaries of Defoe, successive editors of The Observator.

Dispraise of the Beggars’ Opera. See Wilson’s Memoirs, etc., of Defoe, III. 595–596.

356. ‘Excellent iteration in him.’ Cf. Henry IV., Part I. Act I. Sc. 2.

As honest Hector Macintyre, etc. See The Antiquary, chap. XX.

‘Thinly scattered,’ etc. Romeo and Juliet, Act V. Sc. 1.

Rari nantes, etc. Æneid, I. 118.

356. ‘I remember my grandfather,’ etc. Wilson’s Memoirs, etc., of Defoe, I. 6, and Defoe’s Review, vii. Pref.

357. Mr. Samuel Wesley. Samuel Wesley the elder (1662–1735), whose attack on the education of the Dissenters (1703) engaged him in a controversy.

Shortest Way with the Dissenters., 1702.

358. Harley. Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford (1661–1724).

‘Heaven lies about us,’ etc. Wordsworth, Ode, Intimations of Immortality, 66.

‘Poor Robinson Crusoe,’ etc. Robinson Crusoe, Section XV.

358. True-born Englishman. 1701.

Review. 1704–1713.

Essays on Trade. Defoe wrote several tracts on the subject of trade.

360. Legion Petition. ‘Legion’s Memorial’ to the House of Commons in reference to the Kentish Petition of 1701. A second Memorial appeared in the following year.

‘Heaping coals of fire,’ etc. Romans, xii. 20.

‘Stuff of the conscience.’ Othello, Act I. Sc. 2.

‘A foregone conclusion.’ Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.

361. Toland. John Toland (1670–1722), the deist.

362. Note. See Wilson’s Memoirs, etc., of Defoe, I. 73 note.

363. ‘There goes a very honest gentleman,’ etc. According to Madame de La Fayette (Mémoires de la Cour de France), it was Louvois’ brother, the Archbishop of Rheims, who, on seeing James come from Mass, said: ‘Voilà un fort bon homme, il a quitté trois royaumes pour une messe.’

Dr. Sherlock. William Sherlock (1641?–1707), one of the non-jurors for a short time after the Revolution.

364. An eloquent passage. See Wilson’s Memoirs, etc., of Defoe, I. 76–77 and Defoe’s Review, IV. 643–644.

The Exclusion Bill. Passed by the House of Commons and rejected by the House of Lords, 1680.

A very curious account. Wilson’s Memoirs, etc., of Defoe, I. 156 et seq.

366. His Complete Tradesman. The Complete English Tradesman, 1727.

367. ‘To keep their seats firm.’ Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 97).

‘The fate of James,’ etc. Wilson’s Memoirs, etc., of Defoe, I. 162–163.

368. ‘Courage had been screwed,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 7.

An Address to the Dissenters. This pamphlet (1687) seems to have been Bishop Burnet’s. See Lee’s Life of Defoe and Notes and Queries, 4th Ser. IV. 253, 307.

The Marquis of Halifax. George Savile, Marquis of Halifax (1633–1695). The pamphlet referred to by Hazlitt appeared in 1686.

369. An early Piece. Lee (Life of Defoe, I. 15) regards this piece (1683) and Speculum Crape-gownorum (1682) as spurious.

Lives of the Philipses. William Godwin’s Lives of Edward and John Philips, 1815.

Note. An Appeal to Honour and Justice. 1715.

370. ‘The Hortus Siccus of Dissent.’ Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 14).

Oldmixon. John Oldmixon (1673–1742), whose History of England during the Reign of the Royal House of Stuart was published in 3 vols. 1729–1739.

371. ‘Though that his joy,’ etc. Othello, Act I. Sc. 1.

372. ‘Not pierceable‘, etc. Cf. ‘Not perceable with power of any starr.’ The Faerie Queene, Book I. Canto I. St. 7.

373. ‘Speaking a word,’ etc. Cf. Proverbs, XV. 23.

374. Sacheverell. Henry Sacheverell (1674–1724). The sermon referred to was preached before the University of Oxford on June 2, 1702. See Wilson’s Memoirs, etc. of Defoe, II. 27–28.

‘So should his anticipation,’ etc. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.

375. A Hymn to the Pillory. 1703.

‘See where on high,’ etc. ‘Earless on high stood unabash’d De Foe.’ The Dunciad, II. 147.

‘Dishonour, honourable.’ Cf. ‘Honour dishonourable.’ Paradise Lost, IV. 314.

‘Condemned to everlasting fame.’ ‘Damned to everlasting fame.’ Pope, Essay on Man, IV. 284.

‘Oh soul supreme,’ etc. Pope, Moral Essays, Epistle V. 23–24.

‘The fellow that was pilloried.’ See Swift’s A Letter from a Member of the House of Commons in Ireland, to a Member of the House of Commons in England, concerning the Sacramental Test (1709).

‘The superficial part of learning.’ Gay, in his Present State of Wit (1711), spoke of Defoe as a ‘fellow, who had excellent natural parts, but wanted a small foundation of learning.’

376. ‘Flying to others,’ etc. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 1.

376. ‘Why troublest thou,’ etc. Cf. ‘Art thou come hither to torment us before the time?’ S. Matthew, viii, 29.

377. William Benson. William Benson (1682–1754). Defoe was prosecuted and imprisoned for his anti-Jacobite tracts of 1713, Reasons against the Succession of the House of Hanover, etc.

‘The force of dulness,’ etc. Cf. Dryden, Lines printed under the Engraved Portrait of Milton, 5.

378. His History of that event. History of the Union of Great Britain, 1709.

Apology for the Massacre of Glencoe. In Defoe’s History of the Union, 4to. edition, pp. 68–73.

‘Hamlet, Prince of Denmark,’ etc. See Wilson’s Memoirs, etc., of Defoe, II. 457.

379. His novels. Those referred to by Hazlitt are Moll Flanders, 1721; Roxana, 1724; Captain Singleton, 1720; Colonel Jack, 1722; and Memoirs of a Cavalier, 1720.

The Family Instructor. 1715–1718.

‘Meddling with the unclean thing.’ Cf. 2 Corinthians, VI. 17.

380. ‘All the fore-end of his time.’ Cymbeline, Act III. Sc. 3.

‘Vice, by losing,’ etc. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 89).

‘Purple light.’ Cf. ‘The bloom of young Desire and purple light of Love.’ Gray, The Progress of Poesy, 41.

381. What Mr. Lamb says, etc. See Lamb’s ‘Estimate of De Foe’s Secondary Novels,’ written for Wilson’s Life of Defoe (III. 636). The paper is reprinted in The Works of Charles and Mary Lamb, ed. E. V. Lucas, I. 325–327.

382. Imposed upon Lord Chatham. See Wilson’s Memoirs, etc., of Defoe, III. 509.

History of Apparitions. An Essay on the History and Reality of Apparitions, 1727.

‘Call spirits,’ etc. Henry IV., Part I., Act III. Sc. 1.

History of the Plague. Journal of the Plague Year, 1722.

МИСТЕР ГОДВИН

Это была, по-видимому, рецензия на «Клаудсли», опубликованную в 1830 году. Несколькими годами ранее сэр Джеймс Макинтош предложил попросить Хэзлитта написать рецензию на романы Годвина. В конце 1823 года он писал Годвину: «Я вижу, что ваши романы рекламируются сегодня. Не могли бы вы попросить мистера Хэзлитта написать рецензию на них в «Эдинбургском обозрении». Он очень оригинальный мыслитель и, несмотря на некоторые странности, которые кажутся мне недостатками, очень мощный писатель. Я говорю это, хотя знаю, что он не мой панегирист. Его критика могла бы послужить всем нашим целям, а также, не сомневаюсь, способствовала бы интересам литературы». (К. Кеган Пол, «Уильям Годвин: его друзья и современники», II. 289.) «Эдинбургское обозрение» рецензировало «Флитвуд» Годвина (том VI, стр. 182) и очень высоко оценило «Калеба Уильямса» в рецензии на «Жизни Эдварда и Джона Филипсов» (XXV, стр. 485). Ср. очерк Хэзлитта о Годвине в «Духе века», том IV, стр. 200 и сл., и примечания.

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