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Rostraver Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 28:240, 241. 1886. This variety was introduced in 1887, by the originators, John R. and A. Murdoch, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. The trees, as grown on the Station grounds, are vigorous, moderately spreading; fruit large, blunt heart-shaped; suture indistinct; stem long, set in a large, deep cavity; skin thin, tough, rich yellow, mottled with red, similar to Napoleon; flesh meaty, firm, white, sweet, moderately juicy; season the middle of July. Rothe Glanzkirsche. Species? 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 490-492, 689. 1819. Fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; suture distinct; stem slender, of medium length, set in a shallow cavity; color clear red mixed with darker red, glossy; flesh tender, white, fibrous; excellent; stone large, oval, smooth; ripens from the end of June to the middle of July. Rothe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Krünitz Enc. 58, 59. 1790. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 437, 438, 439. 1819. Herzförmige Süssweichsel. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:48. 1858. Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; skin clear red changing to darker red, thin, tough; stem medium in length, set in a deep, narrow cavity; flesh tender, red near the stone, fibrous, vinous; stone broadly oblong, clinging to the flesh; ripens at the beginning of July. Rothe Maiknorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 286, 287. 1819. Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, compressed on both sides; suture distinct; stem rather long; cavity shallow; color wholly red on a yellow ground; flesh yellowish-white, rather tender, pleasing; excellent; stone large, cordate, plump; ripens at the beginning of June. Rothe Molkenkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Handb. 667. 1797. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 229-233. 1819. Cerise de petit-lait rouge. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:302. 1866. Christ grew this variety from seed at Kronberg, Prussia, Germany. Tree productive; fruit of medium size, flattened at the ends and sides; ventral suture distinct; stem rather long; cavity shallow; skin thin, glossy, overspread with light red, darker in the sun; flesh tender, light yellow, juicy, bitter before ripe, sweet when mature; stone roundish, free, tinged with red along the suture; ripens with Black Tartarian. Rothe Soodkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 294. 1802. Soodamarelle. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 632-634. 1819. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 27, 206. 1876. The fruit is borne in twos and threes, below medium in size, roundish, compressed on one side; apex shallow; stem long; color dull blood red, lighter near the suture; flesh melting, dull yellow; juice reddish, abundant, tart; stone small, broad, free. Rouaanse Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 340. 1819. A Heart cherry, clear, light red spotted with red in color; flesh firm. Rouge Pâle Tardive. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 55. 1831. Listed without a description. Rouge des Vosges. P. cerasus. 1. Mas Le Verger 8:107, 108, fig. 52. 1866-73. 2. Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom. 100 fig., 101. 1904. Cultivated in the region of Fougerolle, Haute-Saône, France, as the Noire des Vosges

and largely used in the manufacture of a liqueur. Fruit usually borne in pairs, large, elongated-cordate; suture distinct; stem long; cavity of medium size; skin glossy, dark red; flesh yellowish, tender, sprightly; stone small, roundish, with a small point at the apex; ripens the last half of July. Round Sweet. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:61. 1900. Mentioned in this reference. Royal American. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:62. 1900. Tree strong in growth; fruit large; skin light red becoming darker in the sun; flesh yellowish-white, firm, juicy, agreeable; ripens in July. Royal Hâtif. P. avium. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:505. 1860. Tree very productive, of medium size; fruit large, compressed at the apex and base; stem green, short, often with stipules; flavor sweet; very good; ripens at the end of May. Rumsey. P. cerasus. 1. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:122. 1900. Rumsey's Late Morello. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 199 fig. 1845. This very late cherry was grown by Dr. J. S. Rumsey, Fishkill Landing, New York, about 1835. Fruit usually borne in pairs, large, roundish-cordate; suture distinct; stem long; cavity narrow, deep; skin glossy, a rich, lively red; flesh juicy, melting, acid; stone long; ripens from the first part of August until frosts. Runde Marmorirte Süsskirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 280. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 336, 683. 1819. 3. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 382. 1881. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 375. 1889. Weiss und hellroth geflekte grosse Kramelkirsche. 5. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:3, Tab. 6 fig. 1. 1792. Runde Marmorirte Süsskirsche is one of the varieties which has been confused with Napoleon and Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, slightly compressed; suture shallow; stem long; cavity shallow, wide, depressed on the ventral side; skin yellow, streaked, dotted and overlaid with red—the amount depending on the exposure to the sun; flesh whitish-yellow, medium firm, juicy, very sweet, sprightly, excellent; stone ovate to oval; matures usually with Napoleon. Rupert. P. pumila × P.? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 435. 1901. Mentioned in this reference as being a cross between the Prunus pumila, the Sand Cherry, and a plum. Rupp. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 40, Pl. 3. 1895. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 187:62. 1901. Rupp is supposed to have originated with Solomon Rupp, York County, Pennsylvania. It was sent to several Experiment Stations for testing by the United States Department of Agriculture. As grown at the Michigan and Geneva Stations it cannot be distinguished from Reine Hortense and we are inclined to believe that the old variety has been overshadowed by a new name. Russian Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Ont. Dept. Agr. Fr. Ont. 103. 1914. Russian 207. 2. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 76. 1890. Tree upright, vigorous; fruit above medium in size, round, flattened at the base; stem long; skin bright red; juicy; fair quality; ripens the first of August.

Russian Seedlings Nos. 8, 42, 49, 54, 109, 128, 169, 199. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:80, 81. 1903. These seedlings were grown at the Iowa Experiment Station from selected seeds of Russian varieties. They show every variation from a low, compact, spreading tree to a tall, conical one, while the fruit varies in season from early June to late July. Russie à Fruit Blanc. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 55. 1831. Listed without a description. Ryley Black Tartarian. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 55. 1831. Listed in the reference given. Sächsische Frühe Maikirsche. Species? 1. Christ Handb. 683. 1797. Listed without a description. Sacramento. Species? 1. Green River Nur. Cat. 23. 1899. This is a productive variety, resembling May Duke, found near Sacramento, Kentucky. Saint-Laurent. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Listed without a description. Sansoto. P. pumila × P. americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 130:184, Pl. 10, Pl. 11, 185. 1911. Sansoto is a cross from the South Dakota Experiment Station between the Sand Cherry and the De Soto plum. In growth the tree resembles that of the plum but the fruit in looks and flavor is more like the Sand Cherry, Fruit is round, about three-eighths inch in diameter; skin black with a bluish bloom, thin, free from acerbity; flesh yellowish-green, sprightly; pit clinging. Sapa. P. pumila × P. triflora. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:Pl. 9. 1908. 2. Ibid. 130:176, 177 Pl. 7, 178. 1911. Sapa, a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum, was introduced in 1908 by the South Dakota Station. Tree plum-like in habit; fruit-buds numerous; fruit about one and three-eighths inches in diameter; skin glossy, dark purple; flesh rich, dark purple; season extremely early. Sappington. P. avium. 1. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 22. 1892-93. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:282. 1903. Grown about St. Louis, Missouri, where it originated. The tree resembles Mazzard in growth, vigor and productiveness; fruit sweet; early. Sauerjotte. P. cerasus. 1. Guide Prat. 17. 1895. Listed as a variety of doubtful value. Saure Herzkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Obstbäume 161. 1791. Described as a black, Sour Cherry of the first rank, with tender flesh and excellent juice. Sauvigny Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 91 fig., 92. 1860. Bigarreau de Sauvigny. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:302. 1866. Dure de Sauvigny. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882. Fruit large, elongated, obtuse-cordate, compressed more strongly upon the side showing a suture; stem variable, usually of medium length; cavity narrow, deep; skin glossy, dark brownish-red, mottled with lighter red; flesh very firm, dark red, juicy; quality very good; pit small, oval, acutely-pointed at the apex, free; ripens in late July.

Scharlachkirsche. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Christ Handb. 669. 1797. This variety is supposed by some to be May Duke. Usually borne in twos and threes; fruit medium in size; stem above medium in length, slender; suture indistinct; ripens the latter part of June. Schleihahn Sweet. P. avium. 1. Ia. Sta. Press Bul. 28:1911. Bigarreau de Schleihahn. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876. A variety of German origin, introduced into Iowa about 1892 and described as a desirable variety for that State by the Iowa Agricultural College. It follows Early Richmond and has a long season. Tree productive, hardy for a sweet variety; fruit of medium size, cordate, sides flattened; stem long, slender, set in a rather deep, wide cavity; skin firm, glossy, surface often pitted; dots numerous, obscure; suture often lacking; color bright deep red, becoming dark red or black; flesh dark red, very firm, moderately juicy, sweet; good; pit above medium in size, pointed, oval, turgid, nearly free; season at Ames, Iowa, from June 20th to July 1st. Schlössers Schattenmorelle. P. cerasus. 1. Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift 123. 1910. 2. Pom. Inst. Reut. 31. 1911-12. Tree vigorous; fruit large, round, dark brownish-red, similar to the Brusseler Braune but larger; sour. Schmehls. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 549. 1901. Tree vigorous; fruit large obtuse-cordate; skin mottled with yellow and pale red; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, pleasing; ripens the middle of July. Schmidt Bigarreau No. 2. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:62. 1900. Tree vigorous; fruit large, nearly round; skin dark red; flesh red, firm, juicy, sweet; season late June. Schmidt Frühe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Lauche Ergänzungsband 603. 1883. F. Schmidt, Potsdam, Prussia, Germany, grew this variety. Tree fruitful and succeeds in all soils; fruit large, abruptly cordate; suture indistinct; stem medium in length; cavity wide, deep; color glossy dark brown changing to black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet; good; stone medium, roundish; early. Schneeberger Kirsche. Species? 1. Obstzüchter 8:52. 1910. This is a market cherry grown about Vienna, Austria, ripening about the middle of July and lasting for a month. Some fruits are round, others cordate, depending on the altitude in which it is grown; stem slender; color black; flesh moderately firm, adhering to the pit. Schneider Frühe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 376. 1889. Guigne-hâtive de Schneider. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 198. 1876. Tree vigorous and productive; fruit large, cordate, truncate; skin a brilliant brownish-black; flesh firm; of first quality; matures early in June. Schneider Späte Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 370, 371. 1881. 2. Lauche Deut. Pom. III:No. 8, Pl. 1882. Origin, Guben, Prussia, Germany. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit very large, oval, often cordate, sides compressed; suture indistinct; stem long, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, cherry-red changing to dark brown, with numerous flecks; flesh

firm, yellowish, sweet, with slightly colored juice; stone elongated-ovate, large, plump; late. Schöne von Brügge. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 376. 1889. Belle Brugeoise Saint-Pierre. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. Listed but not described in the reference given. Schöne von Marienhohe. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 57 fig., 58. 1860. 2. Proskauer Obstsort. 57. 1907. Belle glorie de Marie. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:300. 1866. Belle de Marienhöhe. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 19, 187. 1876. Beauty of Marienhohe. 5. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 549. 1901. This old variety originated in 1836 from pits planted in the Royal nursery of Marienhöhe near Weimar, Saxe-Weimar, Germany. Trees strong, healthy and productive; fruit medium in size, heart-shaped, often variable; sides plump; cavity noticeable; apex a small yellowish-brown point in a slight depression; stem slender, green; skin thin, glossy, reddish-black; flesh and juice dark red, tender, sweet; quality very good; pit egg-shaped, smooth without a point, turgid; ripens the first of July. Schröcks Späte Bunte Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:43. 1858. Fruit large, elongated-cordate, compressed, often uneven; suture noticeable; stem long, slender; skin dark red, variegated; flesh firm, vinous, sweet; stone elongated-cordate, adherent; ripens at the end of July. Schwarze Forellenkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Krünitz Enc. 70, 71. 1790. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 593, 594. 1819. Tree productive, not large; fruit large, roundish, slightly flattened; stem very long, set in a cavity of medium size; skin glossy, dark brownish-black becoming almost black; flesh very red, melting, juicy, sour; stone reddish, one-half inch long; ripens early in August. Schwarze Maiweichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 285. 1802. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:58. 1858. Schwarze Maikirsche. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 498, 499, 500. 1819. This variety differs from other Morellos in its very short stem. Tree small, not productive; fruit usually small, roundish, flattened; suture indistinct; stem short; color black when ripe; flesh dark red, juice lighter, sour, becoming aromatic on hanging; stone very small, round; ripens the middle of June. Schwarze Muskateller. P. avium. 1. Christ Handb. 671. 1797. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 419, 420, 421. 1819. Fruit round, somewhat flattened on one side; stem short; skin and flesh dark red; flesh soft, juicy, mingled with a slight sourness; ripens the latter part of July. Schwarze Oranienkirsche. Species? 1. Krünitz Enc. 56. 1790. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 432. 1819. Schwarze Malvasierkirsche. 3. Ibid. 433, 434. 1819. Fruit large, pitch-black, aromatic; from Holland. Schwarze Soodkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 286. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 556, 557. 1819.

Branches slender, drooping; fruit of medium size, oblate, sides flattened; stem slender; cavity shallow; suture a fine line; color almost black; flesh tender, slightly fibrous, dark red at the stone, juicy, pleasingly subacid; stone small, roundish; season the middle of July. Schwarzbraune Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 198, 199, 200, 675. 1819. Of German origin and first mentioned in 1797. Fruit moderately large, uneven, flattened at the base and sides; stem slender, rather long, deeply inserted; skin brownish-red approaching black, tough, leather-like; flesh firm, sweet, with violet juice when ripe; ripens early in August. Schwarzes Taubenherz. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 147, 148. 1819. This variety is peculiar in that its stem is green and its fruit has a deep suture on the compressed side; skin very dark brown; flesh tender, soft, bitter, sweet when fully ripe but insipid; ripens early in July. Sebril. P. avium. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 152:192. 1898. Listed as a Sweet Cherry. Seckbacher. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 167-174. 1819. 2. Ill. Handb. 475 fig., 476. 1861. Späte Maikirsche. 3. Christ Handb. 660. 1797. Seckbacher Knorpelkirsche. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:34. 1858. Cerise de Seckbach. 5. Mas. Pom. Gen. 11:55, 56, fig. 28. 1882. This variety probably originated in Prussia, Germany. Fruit small, round or cordate, compressed, with a faint suture; stem long, shallowly inserted; color glossy, black, lighter along the suture; flesh dark red, firm, juicy, aromatic, piquant; stone large; ripens the middle of June. Seederberger. P. avium. 1. Col. O. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 31. 1892. Listed as a sweet variety from Virginia and said to resemble Yellow Spanish but the fruit is larger and the tree more vigorous. Select Beauty. Species? 1. Prince Treat. Hort. 30. 1828. A large, red, well-flavored cherry with a long stem; not very productive; ripens in July. Shadow Amarelle. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 326. 1888. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:82 fig. 1903. Frühe Schattenmorelle. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:64. 1858. Schatten Amarelle. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 75. 1883. 5. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 329. 1885. 6. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:126. 1900. Shadow Morello. 7. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 78. 1890. 8. Lucas Handb. Obst. 3rd Ed. 122. 1893. Professor J. L. Budd of Ames, Iowa, in 1893, imported this variety from south-central Asia. It is very similar to the Brusseler Braune and Lucas gives it as the same. Whether or not they are identical we cannot determine, as the variety is not grown on the Station grounds. The name Schatten is derived from the mirror-like reflection of the glossy skin when exposed to the sun. From the description it seems to differ from the Brusseler

Braune in being smaller in size, not so globular, nor as dark in color, a few days earlier, and the tree is more spreading in growth. Shailer. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 55. 1831. A yellowish-red, hard-fleshed Heart cherry of inferior quality; ripens in July. Shannon. P. cerasus. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 202, 203. 1854. 2. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. Shannon Morello. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 70, 91. 1866. Gov. Shannon. 4. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 33. 1873. Shannon was raised by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, 1829, and described in 1849, being named after Wilson Shannon, once Governor of Ohio. It sprung from a Morello tree standing near a Carnation cherry tree and bears fruit of the Morello type. Tree very hardy; fruit above medium in size, globular, flattened at the base; stem long, slender; cavity open; flesh tender, reddish-purple, juicy, acid; pit small. Shelton. P. avium. 1. Milton Cat. 10. 1911. Shelton is a seedling of Napoleon grown by Judge William Shelton of Walla Walla, Washington. Tree hardy, vigorous, upright; fruit smaller than Napoleon; skin pale yellow with a red cheek; flesh sweet, tender, juicy; ripens two weeks before Napoleon. Short-stem May. Species? 1. Continental Plant Cat. 22. 1914. Merely listed as an old, well-known, productive cherry. Shubianka. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 327. 1888. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:83. 1903. Shubianka is an inferior small-fruited cherry of the Vladimir family imported from Russia in 1883 by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Tree dwarf, round-topped; fruit small, round; stem long, slender; cavity broad, shallow; skin tough, thick, deep red; flesh firm, juicy, colored, sprightly, astringent with a bitter after-taste; stone round, rather large; season at the end of June; worthless. Sibrel. P. cerasus. 1. Greening Bros. Cat. 74 fig. 1899. Sibrel is of the Morello type and originated at Bettsville, Ohio; distinguished for its productiveness, lateness, size and quality. Silver Thorne. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:83. 1903. Silver Thorne is supposed to have originated in Muscatine County, Iowa, about sixty years ago. It resembles Early Richmond in tree and fruit but the cherries have firmer flesh and are less acid. Skublics Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907. Mentioned in the reference given. Sleinhaus. Species? 1. Mas. Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Listed without a description. Small Black Guigne. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:112. 1832. This cherry differs from Black Guigne in being shorter and inferior in quality. Small Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Thacher Am. Orch. 217. 1822. A cherry from Salem County, New Jersey; the fruit has a lively acid taste. Smidt Yellow. Species? 1. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 669. 1897. A good, early, prolific, southern variety. Fruit medium in size, yellow, mottled with red.

Socsany. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 41. 1895. Socsany was received from Hungary by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1893 and was sent to C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon, for testing. Fruit small, smooth, cordate; suture shallow; stem long, slender; cavity medium in size, irregular, flaring; skin thick, tenacious, yellow, well covered with red, with numerous, subcutaneous, oblong dots; flesh yellowish, translucent, meaty, with whitish veins, juicy, sweet, aromatic; stone large, oval, clinging; very good; season the first of July. Soft-stone Cherry. Species? 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:145. 1832. Soft Sheld. 2. Parkinson Par. Ter. 574. 1629. Cerise à Noyau tendre. 3. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:174, 175. 1768. Many writers mention a seedless cherry but Duhamel doubts its existence. He does, however, describe one with a tender, ligneous pit that is easily broken by the fingers. The fruit is round, almost an inch in diameter and very good. Souths Breite Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 164. 1819. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876. A large, black, glossy Heart cherry. Souvenir d'Essonnes. P. avium. 1. Mas. Le Verger 8:109, 110, fig. 53. 1866-73. This cherry was obtained by M. Courtin, a nurseryman at Essonnes, Seine-et-Oise, France, about 1860. Fruit of medium size, oval, slightly compressed; suture indistinct; stem medium; cavity of medium size, regular; skin tender, mottled on a red ground; flesh whitish, tender, sweet though sprightly; pit small, oval; ripens the middle of June. Spanische Frühkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 149 fig., 150. 1860. Spanische Herzkirsche. 2. Christ Obstbäume 160. 1791. Schwarze Spanische Frühkirsche. 3. Christ Handb. 662. 1797. 4. Christ Wörterb. 282. 1802. 5. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 410-413. 1819. Précoce d'Espagne. 6. Mas. Le Verger 8:73, 74, fig. 35. 1866-73. 7. Thomas Guide Prat. 16, 204. 1876. Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, sides compressed; suture wide, deep, often only a line on the dorsal side; stem long, slender, inserted in a shallow, narrow cavity; skin glossy, tough, deep red changing to black; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, with a pleasing sourness, brownish-red; pit elongated-oval, not plump, rather smooth; season the middle of June. Spanische Frühweichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Handb. 674. 1797. 2. Christ Wörterb. 289. 1802. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 500, 501, 502. 1819. Griotte Précoce d'Espagne. 4. Mas Le Verger 8:41, 42, fig. 19. 1866-73. Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, truncate at the base; suture marked on the side most compressed; stem long, moderately stout, inserted in a deep, narrow cavity; skin tender, purplish-brown, changing to black, somewhat lighter near the suture; flesh tender, juicy, dark red, with a pleasing acidity; first quality; stone small, roundish-oval, apex pointed; season the last of June. Spanische Glaskirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Ill. Handb. 503 fig., 504. 1861. Grosse Spanische Weichsel? 2. Christ Handb. 683. 1797. Transparente d'Espagne. 3. Mas. Le Verger 8:101, 102, fig. 49. 1866-73. Fruit large, oblate, compressed on the dorsal side; suture lacking; stem rather long;

cavity deep; color dark red; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, acidulated; stone small, nearly round; ripens from the middle to the end of June. Spanish Griotte. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:136. 1832. Prince believed this variety to be a sub-variety of Arch Duke which it resembles. The fruit is larger than the Arch Duke, oblong, somewhat flattened along the sides; stem very large, of medium length; skin brownish-red approaching black; flesh red, firm, slightly melting, sweet; ripens at the beginning of July. Spätblühende Glaskirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Handb. 683. 1797. Weichselbaum mit gelb, weiss, und röthlich marmorirte Frucht. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:7, Tab. 17 fig. 2. 1792. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 477-479, 690. 1819. Fruit of medium size; stem long, slender; color red; flesh pleasingly subacid; ripens the middle of July; blooms very late. Späte Maulbeerkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 276. 1802. 2. Ill. Handb. 75 fig., 76. 1860. Späte Maulbeerherzkirsche. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 135-140. 1819. Guigne mûre de Paris. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:83, 207. 1866. Tree vigorous, with a broad crown, productive; fruit variable in size, flattened somewhat squarely; stem long, stout, straight; cavity wide, shallow; skin tough, black, rather dull; flesh tender, reddish-black, with abundant, colored juice, sweet with a piquant sourness; pit round; season the last of July. Späte Rote Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 378. 1889. Listed without a description. Späte Schwarze Forellenkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 291. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 605, 606. 1819. This variety was found in Bernburg, Anhalt, Germany. Tree medium in height, with branches drooping; fruit large, dark brownish-red; very sour; stone very long; ripens in September with a few fruits remaining until October. Späte Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 43 fig., 44. 1867. Fruit very large, roundish, flattened, angular; suture but a line; stem rather long; cavity shallow; skin glossy, dark red, becoming black, streaked; flesh dark red, firm, sweet, aromatic, with a slight bitterness; stone oval; ripens in late August. Späte Schwarze Spanische Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Handb. 664. 1797. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 152, 153. 1819. This variety is distinguished from all others of its class by its soft, tender stone; it differs from the Soft-stone Cherry in shape. Fruit elongated, tapering-cordate; skin glossy, dark brown, changing to black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, aromatic; stone medium in size, flattened, often abortive, with a thin covering over the kernel easily broken by the hand; ripens in late August. Speckkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Handb. 665. 1797. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 287-289. 1819. Cerise Graisseuse. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:303. 1866. Cerise Lard. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:81, 82, fig. 41. 1882. This cherry is sometimes mistaken for Corone. It differs from other Bigarreaus

in its variable form. Tree productive; fruit medium to large; stem rather long, set in a shallow cavity; color dark red with lighter red flecks; flesh firm, pale yellow, subacid; stone rather large, nearly free; ripens the middle of July. Spitzens Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 160, 161, 673. 1819. 2. Ill. Handb. 71 fig., 72. 1860. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 199. 1876. Guigne noire Spitz. 5. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:333 fig. 1877. Bigarreau noire de Spitz. 6. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. Spitzens Herzkirsche is a seedling found in Guben, Prussia, Germany, about 1790. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture shallow; stem short; cavity shallow; skin glossy, tender, dark reddish-brown changing to black, lighter along the suture; flesh dark red, tender, fibrous, sweet, aromatic when fully ripe; stone of medium size, plump, oval, slightly adherent; season late. Srdcovka v Skalka. P. avium. 1. Obstzüchter 8:51. 1910. A Heart cherry found in the markets of Brünn, Moravia, Austria. Stanapa. P. pumila × P. pissardi. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 130:190, 191. 1911. Stanapa is a cross between the Sand Cherry and Prunus pissardi, interesting only because of its beautiful purple foliage. Standard. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 353. 1896. Standard is a seedling of Prunus pumila, the Sand Cherry, grown by the Experiment Station at Manitoba, Canada; fruit large, astringent. Starr Prolific. Species? 1. Ont. Fr. Exp. Sta. Rpt. 1:22. 1894. Mentioned as growing on the grounds of L. Woolverton, Grimsby, Ontario, Canada. Strass Early Black. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 473. 1869. 2. Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales 19:996. 1908. Many writers believe Strass Early Black to be Reine Hortense. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, partly cordate, flattened on one side; stem of medium length, set in a shallow cavity; skin dark red becoming almost black; flesh reddish-pink, rather soft, sweet, with pinkish juice; stone large. Strauss. P. cerasus. 1. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:127. 1900. Strauss Weichsel. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 328. 1885. 3. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 17:11. 1892. This is not the Strauss Weichsel of Europe but one of Budd's importations. Tree upright, hardy, round-topped, vigorous, unproductive; fruit medium to large, truncate, flattened at both ends; cavity medium; apex smooth; stem short, slender; flesh dark red almost black, firm, juicy, sprightly, acid, astringent; stone small, round; season the last of June. Strauss Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 289. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 502-505. 1819. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:59. 1858. 4. Ill. Handb. 81 fig., 82. 1867. Tree dwarfish, unproductive; fruit on a single stem but several come out of one bud and the buds are closely set; fruit large, flattened at both ends; apex slightly rounded; stem long, thin, straight; color brownish-black; flesh tender, dark red, with abundant, colored juice; quality good; ripens the middle of June.

Striker. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 41. 1895. Striker is a seedling of Napoleon grown by C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook, Oregon. Fruit large, cordate; cavity wide, deep, flaring, pink; stem of medium length, slender; suture shallow; skin thick, tender, glossy, yellow, washed and mottled with red; dots minute, russet, elongated; flesh yellowish, translucent, fibrous, firm, juicy, mild, sprightly; very good; pit of medium size, oval, semi-clinging; season the last of June to early July. Striped-Leaved. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:151. 1832. Cerasus hortensis foliis eleganter variegatis. 2. Miller Gard. Dict. 1:1754. Cultivated as an ornamental. Stuart. P. avium. Stuart originated from nursery-sown pits and was propagated by C. W. Stuart of Newark, New York, who sent trees to this Station for testing in 1900. Tree of medium size, vigorous, productive; fruit large, cordate or inclined to conic, compressed; suture indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity deep, wide, obtuse; skin thin, tender; color light red over a yellowish background changing to dark, glossy red; flesh whitish, juicy, tender, meaty, crisp, mild, sweet; quality good; ripens in mid-season. Sucrée Léon Leclerc. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 19, 206. 1876 Guigne sucrée de Léon Leclerc. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:98. 1866. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:339, 340 fig. 1877. Léon Leclercs Herzkirsche. 4. Proskauer Obstsort. 56. 1907. This variety originated with Léon Leclerc of Laval, Mayenne, France, about 1853. Tree small, productive; fruit of medium size, borne in twos or threes, cordate-ovoid; stem long, slender, inserted in a cavity of medium size; skin deep rose-carmine; flesh whitish, semi-tender, very sugary, aromatic; pit medium in size, elongated-oval; ripens about the end of June. Summit. P. avium. Summit is a seedling sent this Station by Isaiah Lower, Barberton, Ohio. According to Mr. Lower, the tree is vigorous and bears large, dark red cherries, very rich in juice and of a pleasing taste. Süsse Amarelle. P. cerasus. 1. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:8, Tab. 20 fig. 1. 1792. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 618, 619. 1819. 3. Ill. Handb. 89 fig., 90. 1867. 4. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 356, 357. 1881. Späte Amarelle incor. 5. Christ Wörterb. 294. 1802. This variety is probably of French origin. Tree medium in height, bushy, productive; fruit large, flattened on both ends and on one side giving it a four-angled appearance; stem short, stout; cavity flat, shallow; apex slightly depressed; suture short, slightly prominent; skin dark red, thin, tough, separating readily from the pulp; flesh tender, juicy, white, sweet; stone large, thick, round, free; season the middle of June. Süsse Frühherzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 154, 155, 672. 1819. Fruit rather small, round, compressed and marked by a suture; stem long, slender; color dark brown, becoming black; flesh tender, sweet, piquant; stone large, adherent; season the end of June.

Süsse Frühweichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 288. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 536-538. 1819. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 379. 1889. Cerise Hâtive. 4. Mas Le Verger 8:23, 24, fig. 10. 1866-73. This cherry should not be confused with the dark-fleshed variety, Griotte Douce Précoce. Branches long, flexible; fruit usually borne in twos or threes, of medium size, roundish, flattened; suture rather distinct; stem short, set in a large cavity; skin tender, clear red becoming darker; flesh whitish, mild; stone small, roundish; ripens early in June. Süsse Maiherzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Handb. 662. 1797. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 111-115. 1819. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:19. 1858. Fruit round, medium in size; suture indistinct; skin black; flesh dark red, piquant; stone small, plump, roundish, adherent along the suture; season the middle of June to July. Süsse Spanische. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 233-235. 1819. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 206. 1876. Douce d'Espagne. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:21, 22, fig. 11. 1882. This cherry was sent out by Pastor Winter of Germany in 1796 as a seedling of White Spanish. Fruit above medium to large, cordate; sides compressed and marked by a suture; stem rather long, slender, set in a narrow cavity; skin dull yellow, spotted with red, often dull; flesh whitish-yellow with a reddish tinge near the skin, tender, sweet; stone small, broadly cordate, adherent; season late. Süsskirsche mit Gefurster Blüthe. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Listed without a description. Sweedish. P. avium. 1. Cultivator N. S. 7:270. 1850. Sweedish is one of Professor J. P. Kirtland's varieties, possibly identical with White Heart. Its strikingly rugose or wrinkled surface distinguishes it from other cherries. Sweet Montmorency. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:284. 1842. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 193 fig. 1845. Allen's Sweet Montmorency. 3. Bridgeman Gard. Ass't Pt. 3:183. 1847. The fruit of this variety resembles Montmorency in external appearance but it is of a sweet, delicate flavor and the growth and habit of the tree is that of a Heart. Probably it is a hybrid between a Heart and a Morello or Montmorency. It was raised by J. F. Allen, Salem, Massachusetts. Tree vigorous, somewhat spreading; fruit rather small, nearly round; suture shallow; stem short; cavity shallow; skin pale amber in the shade, deep orange in the sun, becoming darker, and mottled with yellow; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sweet, high quality; stone small, round, slightly adherent; season the last of July to August. Sweet Morello. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831. Mentioned in the reference given. Tarascon Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 5 fig., 6. 1867. Guigne de Tarascon. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:59-61, fig. 4, 219. 1866. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 199. 1876. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:336, 337 fig. 1877. Tarascon Kirsche originated in Bouches-du-Rhône, France. Tree of medium height, moderately vigorous; fruit rather large, usually attached by fours, obtuse-cordate, surface

irregular; suture indistinct; stem rather slender, medium in length; cavity often shallow; skin glossy, changing to nearly black; flesh colored, juicy, tender, sweet; ripens late in June. Tardive d'Avignon. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:153, 154 fig. 39, 155. 1866. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:395, 396 fig. 1877. This variety is grown at Avignon, Vaucluse, France. Tree vigorous, large; fruit usually attached in pairs, of medium size, compressed at the base, mamelon at the apex; suture indistinct; stem very long, slender, set in a broad, shallow cavity; apex prominent; skin thin but firm, dark glossy red, never becoming black, easily detached from the pulp; flesh clear blood-red netted with white, tender, juicy, sweet, with pronounced acidity; first quality; pit small, roundish, moderately grooved; matures at the beginning of July. Tardive de Brederode. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:156. 1882. Leaves and flowers described. Tardive Noire d'Espagne. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Mentioned in the reference given. Tardive de Peine. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Listed without a description. Tecumseh. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 203. 1854. 2. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:65, 66, fig. 33. 1882. Tecumseh was raised in 1842 by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably fertilized by Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. Tree moderately vigorous, spreading, hardy, productive; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate, compressed, with a broad, shallow suture; stem long, moderately thick; skin thin, tender, deep reddish-purple changing to purplish-black, glossy, sometimes mottled with red; flesh reddish-purple, rather tender, very juicy, sweet yet sprightly but not high flavored; quality good; stone medium in size, smooth, round, slightly elongated; ripens from the middle to the end of July. Temple. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Col. O. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 31. 1892. Temple is a large Duke, subacid in flavor, ripening about June 10th. Tree an upright grower. Terry. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 168. 1897. 2. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:122. 1900. 3. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:283. 1903. Terry Early. 4. Stark Bros. Cat. 21. 1910. Terry was probably imported by H. A. Terry, Crescent, Iowa, from Russia. Tree moderately upright, hardy; fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened laterally; suture indistinct; stem medium long; cavity shallow; skin tough, slightly astringent, deep red; flesh meaty, subacid, colored; stone small, roundish; ripens the middle of June. Thirty Day. Species? 1. Col. O. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 9. 1890. Thirty Day is said to ripen thirty days from the time of blossoming. It was grown by a Mr. Irwin of Fairfield County, Ohio; fruit large and of excellent quality. Thompson. P. avium. 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 290. 1889. Thompson is a seedling of Black Tartarian, which it closely resembles, from Napa County, California. Tree hardier and the fruit firmer than Black Tartarian.

Thränen Muskatellerkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Handb. 683. 1797. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 174-177. 1819. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:35. 1858. Bigarreautier à rameaux pendants. 4. Ann. Pom. Belge 4:85, 86, Pl. 1856. 5. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:233 fig., 234. 1877. Muscat des Larmes. 6. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866. This old variety is said to have been introduced into Germany and France from the Island of Minorca in the Mediterranean. The branches very soon take on a drooping habit whence its name; leaves long and narrow, peach-like; fruit large, often borne in pairs, flattened at the stem as well as at the sides, marked by a suture; skin dark brownish-red; flesh dark red, firm, juicy; excellent; stone plump, oval; ripens the middle of July. Tilgner Rothe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 254, 255. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:27. 1858. 3. Ill. Handb. 103 fig., 104. 1860. Guigne de Tilgener. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:302. 1866. Bigarreau rouge de Tilgener? 5. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. This variety is a seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany. Tree large, productive; fruit above medium in size, cordate; suture shallow; stem medium to above in length, rather deeply inserted; color yellowish, spotted and streaked with red often becoming wholly red; flesh pale white, juicy, tender, sweet, aromatic; quality very good; stone oval, acutely pointed, plump, grooved; ripens at the end of June. Tilgner Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 33 fig., 34. 1867. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 380. 1889. Bigarreau noir de Tilgner. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:230 fig. 1877. Another seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, originating about 1852. Tree vigorous, healthy, productive; fruit usually borne in threes, very large, obtuse-cordate, often pointed, compressed; suture indistinct; stem short, stout, set in a deep, rather wide cavity; skin moderately tender, glossy, black when ripe; flesh rather tender, dark red, aromatic, pleasing; stone of medium size, oval; season late. Tobacco-Leaved. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:122, 123. 1832. Ounce. 2. Parkinson Par. Ter. 571. 1629. Cerise à Feuilles bigarrées. 3. Knoop Fructologie 2:35. 1771. Four to the Pound. 4. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 267-277. 1819. 5. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 49. 1831. Ächte (sein sollende) Kirsche Vier auf ein Pfund. 6. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 283, 284, 679. 1819. Bigarreautier à grandes feuilles. 7. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2: No. 10, Pl. 1846. Gross blättrige Molkenkirsche. 8. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:31. 1858. Bigarreau à Feuilles de Tabac. 9. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:201 fig., 202, 203, 204. 1877. The foliage is an object of curiosity in this variety, the leaves often measuring a foot in length and from five to eight inches in width. The fruits are rather below medium in size. The young shoots present a much undulated appearance. The variety is evidently of English origin, being mentioned in 1629, by Parkinson. Fruit below medium in size, heart-shaped; stem long, slender; skin tender, glossy, yellow overspread

with red; flesh firm, transparent, juicy, rich, sweet; stone of medium size, ovate; ripens early in August. Toctonne Précoce. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:156. 1882. The fruit is not described. Tokeya. P. pumila × P. simonii. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:Pl. 4. 1908. 2. Ibid. 130:188 Pl. 13, 189. 1911. Tokeya is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Simon plum and was introduced as South Dakota No. 7 by the South Dakota Station. The early fruiting and the dwarfing habit of the Sand Cherries are very evident; fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter, flat, dark red; flesh green, sprightly subacid, intermediate between that of the two parents; of good quality; pit very small. Tomato. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 92. 1866. Pomme-d'Amour. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 21, 203. 1876. Love Apple. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 163. 1881. Tomato is a Duke cherry of Spanish origin. Fruit large, roundish-oblate, often depressed or tomato-shaped; suture shallow; apex a dot; stem long, slender, set in a large, broad, moderately deep cavity; skin yellowish, shaded with red; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid; quality very good; ripens early in July. Toronto. Species? 1. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 22. 1892-93. 2. Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales 19:998. 1908. Tree upright, fairly vigorous, productive; fruit borne in twos and threes, small, cordate, flattened on the sides, dark red; flesh and juice dark red, soft. Toupie. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 20:270. 1854. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:17, 18, fig. 9. 1882. Kreiselkirsche. 3. Ill. Handb. 25 fig., 26. 1867. Bigarreau Toupie. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:246, 247 fig. 1877. A peculiar top-shaped fruit raised by M. Denis Henrard of the University of Liege, Belgium. Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit large, elongated, pointed-cordate, sides slightly compressed; suture indistinct; stem moderately long, slender, often curved, inserted in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin pale red becoming darker; flesh half-tender, juicy, dark red where exposed, sweet, acidulated; pit large, oval, tapering toward the apex, plump; ripens at the last of June. Townsend. P. cerasus. Townsend is a strong, vigorous, productive cherry grown by W. P. Townsend, Lockport, New York. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a high shoulder, compressed; suture distinct; stem long, rather slender, set in a broad, somewhat deep cavity; skin light amber, mottled and shaded with carmine; flesh almost tender, juicy, sprightly, refreshing; pit small; ripens late in June. Transparent. P. cerasus. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 92. 1866. Transparent was grown by M. De Jonghe of Brussels, Belgium, from seed of Montmorency. Fruit above medium in size, oblate, with a faint suture which is distinctly marked at the apex; skin pale red, thin, transparent, showing the fibrous flesh beneath; flesh tender, melting, sweet, delicious.

Transparent Guigne. P. avium. 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 43. 1803. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:119. 1832. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 177. 1845. Jahns Durchsichtige. 4. Ill. Handb. 143 fig., 144. 1860. Transparent de Jahn. 5. Mas Le Verger 8:65, 66, fig. 31. 1866-73. This is a European cherry formerly grown to some extent in America. Tree moderately vigorous, erect at first; fruit small, borne in pairs, regular, oval-cordate; stem rather long, inserted in a narrow cavity; suture a wide, dark line; skin thin, glossy, pellucid, showing the stone, yellowish-white, blotched with fine red; flesh yellowish-white, with a reddish cast, tender, juicy, aromatic; stone medium in size, oval, free; ripens late in June. Transparente de Meylan. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 28. 1876. Fruit large, round, transparent; flesh delicate, fine, acid at first becoming sugary; ripens at the end of May. Transparente de Rivers. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 17, 207. 1876. This is an English variety introduced into France about 1865. Fruit large, spherical, depressed, with a spotted rose-carmine color; flesh firm, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; ripens early in July. Transparente de Siebenfreund. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 28. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 11. 1895. A large, beautiful cherry ripening the last of June from M. Siebenfreund, a druggist at Tyrnau, northwestern Hungary. Triomphe de Fausin. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Listed in the reference given. Troprichters Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 206, 676, 677. 1819. Guigne Troprichtz. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:340, 341 fig. 1877. An old German variety. Fruit large, roundish-oval; skin clear red becoming more intense; flesh juicy, sweet, aromatic; of good quality; ripens early in June. Truchsess Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 380. 1889. Listed but not described. Tubbs. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:86. 1903. Tubbs originated in Iowa City, Iowa. Fruit of medium size, oblate, slightly cordate; stem long, rather stout, inserted in a deep, narrow opening; suture very indistinct; apex convex; skin thick, dark red; flesh colored, crisp, meaty, slightly acid, juicy; quality very good; stone small, round; ripens late in June. Türkine. P. avium. 1. Christ Handb. 667. 1797. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 265-267. 1819. 3. Ill. Handb. 109 fig., 110. 1860. Christ once labeled the Flamentiner, Türkine, which has given rise to some confusion. The true Türkine was sent out by Sello as Runde Weisse Späte Kirsche. Tree not very vigorous or productive; fruit of medium size, very broad, cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity variable; skin spotted with red and yellow; flesh softer than most Hearts, white, juicy; quality very good; stone plump, roundish; ripens late in July.

Turkirsche Grosse. P. avium. 1. Guide Prat. 11. 1895. A German variety which resembles Elton; fruit large, pointed; flesh white, sweet; first quality; ripens throughout July. Turner Late. Species? 1. Van Lindley Cat. 37. 1899. A productive black cherry of medium size ripening the middle of June. Twyford. Species? 1. Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales 19:997. 1908. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading, productive; fruit borne singly and in pairs, above medium in size, roundish-cordate, flattened; stem slender, long; skin yellow, mottled with bright, light red; flesh rather firm, whitish, tinged red near the skin, with clear juice; good; ripens in New South Wales in November. Uhlhorns Trauerkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 28. 1876. Thomas states that this is a weeping cherry from Germany; fruit large and very good. Ungarische Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:61. 1858. Schwarze Ungarische Kirsche. 2. Christ Wörterb. 284. 1802. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 588, 589. 1819. This cherry should not be confused with the Grosse Ungarische Kirsche which is a Heart while this is a Morello. Fruit large, round, compressed; suture indistinct; stem slender, long, shallowly inserted; color black; flesh firm, tender, subacid, with dark red juice; pit small, elongated-oval; ripens the middle of July. Urinall. P. avium. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629. "The Urinall Cherrie in a most fruitfull yeare is a small bearer, having many yeares none, and the best but a few; yet doth blossome plentifully every yeare for the most part: the cherrie is long and round, like unto an Urinall, from whence it tooke his name; reddish when it is full ripe, and of an indifferent sweete rellish." Utha. P. cerasus. 1. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 57. 1894. Spoken of by Joseph Wood, Windom, Minnesota, as a hardy but almost worthless fruit; unproductive. Van Gaasbeck. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 67. 1875. A seedling cherry of extrordinary keeping quality exhibited by W. Van Gaasbeck, Hudson, New York. The fruit is of medium size with firm, sweet flesh. Vanskike. Species? 1. Trans. Cal. Agr. Soc. 472. 1873. A flesh-colored cherry listed as being cultivated successfully in California. Vaughn. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farm. Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:62. 1900. Listed as medium in growth; fruit not described. Velser. P. avium X P. cerasus. 1. Krünitz Enc. 54, 55. 1790. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 394-398. 1819. Prague Tardif (Muscadét de). 3. Knoop Fructologie 2:36, 42. 1771. Wanfrieder Weichsel. 4. Christ Handb. 672. 1797. Douce de Palatinat. 5. Mag. Hort. 20:270. 1854. Pfälzer Süssweichsel. 6. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:49. 1858. Cerise du Palatinat. 7. Mas Le Verger 8:153, 154, fig. 75. 1866-73. Tree of medium growth; branches long, straight; fruit above medium in size, obtuse-cordate, distinguishing it from other dark Dukes, compressed; suture distinct; stem long;

color dark red; flesh colored, fibrous, juicy, sweet with a pleasing subacid flavor; stone small, broad, cordate, adhering to both stem and flesh. Very Large Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831. Mentioned in this reference. Vesta. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 262. 1892. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 150. 1895. Vesta is a seedling of Napoleon which originated with C. E. Hoskins, Newberg, Oregon; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, very dark; flesh firm, sweet; quality good; ripens the middle of June. Vilna Sweet. P. avium. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 330. 1885. 2. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:31. 1910. Vilna Sweet was imported by Professor J. L. Budd from Vilna, Russia. This variety shows much promise in the West as a local sort but is too tender to ship. Tree of medium size, upright, very hardy, free from diseases; fruit large, roundish to oblong, compressed; stem long, slender; cavity rather deep, narrow, often lipped on the side showing a suture; color red, often entirely covering the yellow ground; flesh whitish, tinged with pink, tender but meaty, sprightly, subacid becoming sweet; pit free, large, ovate, plump, smooth; ripens the middle of July hanging to the tree until the last of August. Violet. P. cerasus. According to a letter from H. Back & Sons, New Trenton, Indiana, Violet resembles English Morello but is more round and not as acid. Virginia May Duke. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 220. 1854. 2. Hooper W. Fr. Book 269. 1857. A small, cordate, bright red, second rate Mazzard cherry. Vistula. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 149. 1896. Mentioned as planted and as having been killed by the winter. Voronezh No. 27. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 76. 1890. A promising, vigorous variety imported under this number from Voronezh, Russia; Fruit very large, bright red, round, somewhat flattened; flesh juicy, subacid; pit small. season very late. Wabash. P. cerasus. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 41. 1895. Wabash was introduced by Samuel Kinsey, Kinsey, Ohio, the original tree having stood since 1848 on the grounds of Mrs. Ellen Pawlings, Wabash, Indiana. Fruit borne singly, of the Morello type, roundish-oblate, above medium in size, surface smooth; cavity large, wide, deep, flaring; stem long, slender, curved; suture a shallow line; skin thin, tough, glossy, bright crimson turning to dark red; dots very small, indented; flesh yellowish, veined, translucent, tender, melting, subacid, rich; quality very good; season a week later than Early Richmond. Wachampa. P. pumila × P. triflora. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 130:181. 1911. Wachampa is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum. Fruit an inch to an inch and one quarter in diameter; skin bitter, dark purple; flesh and juice dark purple. Wagner. P. avium. 1. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:31. 1910. Tree upright, round-topped, with long branches; fruit medium to large, roundish-oblate;

stem short, stout; skin thin, tender, dark red; flesh yellow, meaty, melting, sweet, with a slight acidity; quality good; ripens the middle of July. Warner. P. avium. 1. Rural N. Y. 10:247. 1859. Warner is a supposed seedling of American Amber grown by Mathew G. Warner, Rochester, New York; fruit amber to very dark red where exposed; stem long, slender; flesh firm, juicy, sweet; ripens late in July. Warren Transparent. Species? 1. Cole Am. Fr. Book 237. 1849. Originated with a Mr. Warren, Brighton, Massachusetts. Fruit roundish-cordate; skin pale yellow and red; flesh very tender, transparent; ripens early in July. Washington Purple. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Listed without a description. Waterhouse. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 25. 1894. This variety was originated by Dr. Warren Waterhouse, 1873, of Monmouth, Oregon. Fruit of the Bigarreau class, large, compressed, heart-shaped; cavity large, round; stem long, slender; suture a line; skin firm, smooth, glistening, yellowish-white with a bright red cheek, often nearly solid red; dots numerous, very small; flesh whitish, tinged yellow, firm, juicy, vinous, sprightly; quality very good. Weeping. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:153. 1832. Weeping or Pendulous Morello. 2. Fish Hardy-Fr. Bk. 2:106. 1882. Under the name Weeping are included many varieties with a drooping or pendulant habit and mostly of ornamental value only. This variety, listed by Prince, although much like Toussaint, has branches more pendant than those of other weeping cherries. The Weeping or Pendulous Morello of Fish is included here. The head in this variety seldom exceeds four or five feet in diameter, and the slender branches droop on all sides until they trail on the ground; the fruit is of medium size and when fully ripe is of a pleasant acid flavor. Weeping Black Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Flor. & Pom. 16. 1879. Trauerknorpelkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:40. 1858. Bigarreau pleureur. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 23. 1876. One of the earliest black Bigarreaus. It differs from other sorts of its class in the weeping habit of the tree; very ornamental. Weeping Napoleon. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 53. 1871. A seedling of Napoleon introduced by a Mr. Dougall, Windsor, Ontario. If budded high the branches are pendulous, which, with the large, dark fruit, makes a handsome ornamental. Weis, Roth und Rosenfarbig Marmorirte Kramelkirsche. Species? 1. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:3, Tab. 6 fig. 2. 1792. Flesh white, breaking, firm, with colorless juice, pleasing; ripens the middle of July. Weisse Rosenroth Marmorirte Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 280. 1802. Weiss und hellroth gefleckte grosse Kramelkirsche. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:3, Tab. 6 fig. 1. 1792. Flesh white, less firm than others of this class; juice colorless; stone yellowish; ripens the middle of July.

Weisse Mandelkirsche. Species? 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 58. 1907. Listed, not described. Wellington. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 56. 1831. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 220. 1854. Wellington's Weichsel. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:60. 1858. Griotte de Wellington. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:307. 1866. Mentioned by Elliott in 1854 as unworthy of further culture. Bigarreau Wellington, often used as a synonym of Napoleon, should not be mistaken for this Morello of supposedly English origin. Fruit of medium size, cordate; stem long; skin thin, glossy, black; flesh firm, dark red, moderately juicy, pleasant subacid; stone elongated, cordate, free; ripens the middle of July. Wendell Mottled. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 13:494 fig. 1847. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 213. 1854. 3. Hoffy N. Am. Pom. Pl. 1860. Wendell Mottled was raised from a seed of Yellow Spanish planted in 1840, by Dr. Herman Wendell, Albany, New York. Tree upright, thrifty, bears early and abundantly; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a distinct suture; stem long, rather stout, set in a moderately deep cavity; skin dark purplish-red, mottled and streaked, nearly black; flesh deep crimson, firm, crisp, juicy; stone small; ripens the middle of July. Wenzlecks Bunte Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Mentioned in the reference given. Werder Early Black. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 169. 1845. 2. Ill. Handb. 53 fig., 54. 1860. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 93. 1866. Werdersche Schwarze Allerfrüheste Herzkirsche. 4. Christ Handb. 683. 1797. 5. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 109-111. 1819. Guigne Hâtive de Werder. 6. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:82, 300. 1866. 7. Mas Le Verger 8:27, 28, fig. 12. 1866-73. Bigarreau Werder. 8. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:251 fig. 1877. This cherry was received by Truchsess in 1794, from Christ; of unknown origin. Tree strong and upright in growth, very productive; fruit valuable for its earliness, rather large, flattened-cordate, with a deep suture on one side; stem of medium length and thickness, inserted in a rather small cavity; skin thin, rather deep purple changing to purplish-black; flesh deep purple, with abundant colored juice, firm, tender, sweet, yet moderately sprightly and aromatic; quality good; stone large, ovate, flattened at the base; ripens from the last of May to the first of June. Werder'sche Bunte Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 382. 1889. Listed without a description. Wheeler. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:87. 1903. A hardy seedling of English Morello originating with H. J. Wheeler, Carnforth, Iowa. White Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 205:28. 1903. This variety was received by the Michigan Station from the United States Department of Agriculture in 1895; it is between the Duke and the Morello in type. Tree low, slow in growth; fruit large, light red, slightly darker on one side; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly subacid.