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Lipp. P. avium. 1. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:279. 1903. Lipp Late Blood. 2. Green Cat. 29. 1906. Lipp originated in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Fruit large, dark red or crimson; stem long; flesh and juice very dark, meaty; late. Litham. P. cerasus. 1. Stone & Wellington Cat. 33. 1907. This is a Russian cherry introduced by Stone & Wellington, Toronto, Ontario. Fruit of medium size; color red; flesh firm. Little Phil. Species? 1. Wyo. Sta. Bul. 34:129. 1897. Mentioned as not hardy in Wyoming. Logan. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 200 fig. 1854. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 24, 201. 1876. Logan is another of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries originating in 1842 from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree hardly healthy, somewhat spreading; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a shallow depression at the apex; stem variable, set in a deep cavity; skin purplish-black when ripe; flesh firm, dark red, with white, radiating lines, juicy, sweet, rich; pit above medium in size, oval; mid-season. Long Finger. Species? 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 574. 1629. "The long finger Cherry is another small long red one, being long and round like a finger, whereof it took the name:...." Look No Further. P. avium. 1. U. S. Pat Off. Rpt. 294. 1853. This variety was introduced into this country in 1815, from the Royal Gardens of Luxembourg, Paris, by Samson V. S. Wilder of Bolton, Massachusetts. Said to be very productive, sweet, large and attractive. Lord Belhaven White Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 56. 1831. Mentioned but not described. Lothaunner Erfurter. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Mentioned in this reference. Lothkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 288. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 595-597. 1819. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:65. 1858. Fruit large, nearly round, flattened on one side; stem long; skin reddish-black; flesh very tender, red, sour; ripens the first of August. Louise. P. cerasus. 1. Chase Bros. Cat. 20. 1907. Louise was found about 1887 by the late Lewis Chase in the vicinity of Rochester, New York. Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, dark red, sour; ripens in June. Louisiana Iron Clad. P. cerasus. 1. La. Sta. Bul. 2:682. 1893. 2. Ibid. 112:11. 1908. This cherry originated in Louisiana about 1900 with A. K. Clingman. It is said to be the only cherry which will produce fruit in Louisiana; of the Morello type. Löwener Frühkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 359. 1881. Frühe Englische Kirsche aus Löwen. 2. Ill. Handb. 79 fig., 80. 1867. Hâtive de Louvain. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 17, 200. 1876. Lowener Frühweichsel. 4. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907. This variety probably originated in Belgium nearly half a century ago. Fruit variable in size, often large, sides and ends compressed giving it a square appearance; suture shallow;

stem long, strongly inserted in a wide, regular, deep cavity; skin rather glossy, dark brownish-red; flesh dark red, tender, juicy, acidulated, refreshing; stone plump, almost round, base abrupt, with a slight depression; early. Lucien. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 228, 229. 1819. 2. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 157. 1825. 3. Mas Le Verger 8:79, 80, fig. 38. 1866-73. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 367. 1889. 5. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:61. 1900. Guigne Lucien. 6. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 198. 1876. This foreign variety is planted in Canada but is not known in the United States. It was found by Uellner in Lüneburg, Prussia, about 1806. Leroy is of the opinion that this is the cherry he calls Guigne Carnée Winkler which came out a few years later as a seedling of Winkler from Guben, Prussia. Ludwig Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 86. 1866. Guigne Ludwig. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 198. 1876. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:326 fig. 1877. Ludwig's Bunte Herzkirsche. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 367, 368. 1889. Ludwig is a seedling obtained by Thomas Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England, about 1860. Fruit large, cordate, terminating in a sharp point; suture slightly indistinct; stem very long, slender, inserted in a wide cavity; skin glossy, bright red, paler on the shaded side; flesh pale yellow, tender, melting; pit small, roundish, plump; ripens the last of June. Lukeward. P. avium. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629. 2. Phillips Comp. Gard. 79. 1831. 3. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 106. 1846. Lukeward's Heart. 4. Prince Pom. Man. 2:125. 1832. A variety supposed to have come from Italy which has long since passed from cultivation. Fruit cordate, dark brown or nearly black; ripens early in August. Lundie Guigne. P. avium. 1. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 43. 1803. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:118. 1832. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 218. 1854. Lundie Guigne is an old English cherry first spoken of by Forsyth in 1803. Tree vigorous, large; fruit medium in size, roundish-elongated, dark purplish-black; flesh tender, juicy, subacid, pleasant; season July. McAdow. P. avium. 1. Am. Hort. An. 88 fig. 1869. 2. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 32. 1869. McAdow is supposed to be a cross between Black Tartarian and Elton, grown from seed by Dr. McAdow, Chillicothe, Ohio. Tree vigorous, productive, bears early; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed, without a suture; stem slender, deeply inserted; skin light, pale yellow, overspread and mottled indistinctly with light, clear red; flesh firm, yellowish, tender, juicy, pleasant but not rich; quality good; stone medium to large, oval. MacRoach. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Green-River Nur. Cat. 23. 1899. This cherry was found near Guthrie, Kentucky, on the farm of John MacRoach, where it has fruited for many years and is considered a very good cherry of the May Duke type. Madame Courtois. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 335. 1870-71. Found by Bonamy, a nurseryman, in 1860, upon a farm belonging to the Château of Lamothe, near Puylaurens, Tarn, France. Tree productive; fruit large; skin clear red; flesh tinted with a rose color, sweet, very agreeable; ripens in June-July.

Madame Grégoire. P. avium. × P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 26. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 18. 1895. This variety is said in Guide Pratique, 1895, to be very similar to Reine Hortense. Madeleine. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 26, 201. 1876. Cerise Commune (de la Madeleine). 2. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 12, Pl. 1846. Cerisier de la Madleine. 3. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:507. 1860. Amarelle de la Madleine. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:205. 1866. Madeleine is probably a late strain of the old Cerise Commune formerly extensively grown about Paris. Fruit of medium size, roundish, flattened at the ends; suture a line; stem medium in length; skin clear red changing to brownish-red; flesh whitish, tender, acid; pit small; ripens the last of July; productive. Madison. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 211, 1854. Madison Bigarreau. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 235. 1841. 3. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 367. 1849. Madison's Bunte Herzkirsche. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 368. 1889. Madison is a seedling of the White Bigarreau, raised by Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts. Tree healthy, productive, moderate in growth, spreading; fruit of medium size, regular, heart-shaped; stem rather short, slender; skin heavily dotted and mottled with rich red on amber-yellow ground; flesh yellowish, rather tender, juicy, with agreeable sprightliness; pit small, oval; season the last of June. Magann. P. avium. 1. New Haven Nur. Cat. 12. 1899-1900. Magann is a hardy, Sweet Cherry originating in Franklin County, Missouri; fruit large, nearly black, borne in large clusters. Magèse. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 24. 1876. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:327 fig. 1877. Magèse was received by Leroy from Florence, Italy, about 1864. Fruit large, attached in twos and threes, obtuse-cordate; stem stout, short, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin yellow, washed with carmine; flesh yellowish, moderately tender, juicy, sugary, acidulated; first quality; stone small, round, plump; ripens the first of June. Magnifique de Daval. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:154. 1882. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 368. 1889. The flowers and foliage are described by Mas in his Pomologie Générale. Magog. Species? 1. Okla. Sta. Bul. 2:13. 1892. Listed in the reference given. Mammoth. P. avium. 1. Ohio Pom. Soc. Rpt. 10:44. 1862. Kirtland's Mammoth. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 198 fig. 1854. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:31, 32, fig. 16. 1882. Mammuthkirsche. 4. Proskauer Obstsort. 56. 1907. Mammoth was raised, probably about 1842, by Professor J. P. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of a Yellow Spanish tree grown apart from other cherries. Tree large, vigorous, round-topped, usually unproductive; fruit of the largest size, often averaging three and one-half inches in circumference, obtuse-cordate, with a large, prominent suture; stem of medium thickness, long; skin moderately thick, attractive clear yellow, blushed

or mottled with light red; flesh whitish, with abundant, uncolored juice, fine-grained, with distinct radiating lines, nearly tender, sweet yet almost sprightly; very good in quality; stone roundish-oval, regular; season early. Mammoth Oxheart. P. avium. 1. Pioneer Nur. Cat. 16. 1905-06. Listed, probably not propagated at present. Manger. Species? 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 211. 1896. Mentioned without a description. Manning Early Black. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:282. 1842. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 218. 1854. This variety was grown from a pit of Black Heart by Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts. It differs from the parent only in time of ripening, which is ten days earlier, and in form of tree, which is more spreading. Manning Early White Heart. P. avium. 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 243. 1841. Still another seedling raised by Robert Manning, this one coming from a seed of White Turkey Bigarreau. Fruit of medium size, cordate, pale red, amber in the sun, sweet, fine; ripens in June. Manning Late Black. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:284. 1842. 2. Cole Am. Fr. Book 234. 1849. Manning Black Bigarreau. 3. Kenrick Am. Orch. 235. 1841. Black Bigarreau. 4. Bridgeman Gard. Ass't Pt. 3:54. 1847. This is another of Robert Manning's seedlings of the Black Heart. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate; skin deep purple, nearly black; stem long; flesh purplish-red, firm, rather juicy, sprightly, with a pleasant, luscious flavor; ripens the second week in July. Manning Mottled. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 176. 1845. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 361. 1849. Mottled Bigarreau. 3. Mag. Hort. 8:283, 1842. Robert Manning, Salem, Massachusetts, raised this cherry from a seed of White Bigarreau. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit rather large, roundish-cordate, flattened on one side, with a distinct suture; stem slender, inserted in a shallow cavity; skin amber, shaded and mottled with red, with a semi-transparent, glossy appearance; flesh yellow when fully ripe, tender, with a sweet, delicious juice; stone large; season at the end of June. Maple Heart. P. avium. 1. Brookshaw Pom. Brit. Pl. 8. 1817. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831. This a rather firm-fleshed, red Heart of second size and third quality, ripening in July. Marells Royal. Species? 1. Ariz. Sta. Bul. 15:65. 1895. Mentioned as having been planted in Arizona. Maria Gaucher. P. avium. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 57. 1907. Listed as a variegated, hard-fleshed cherry. Marie de Châteauneuf. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 18. 1876. Probably named after the wife of the Marquis de Châteauneuf; fruit very large,

obtuse-cordate, purplish-black; flesh rose-colored, moderately firm, juicy, sugary, agreeable; ripens the middle of June. Marie Thérèse. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:358 fig. 1877. This variety originated with M. de Luigné near Châteaugontier, Mayenne, France, and was named after his daughter Marie Thérèse. Tree strong, vigorous, moderately productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, flattened at the ends; suture broad; stem long, slender; cavity small; skin transparent, firm, red, dotted with whitish-gray; flesh yellow, compact, melting, juicy, aromatic; first quality; ripens the last of June. Markirsche. P. avium. 1. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:29, 30. 1910. Tree large, upright, open-topped, productive; foliage frequently attacked by aphis; fruit large, dark red, cordate, with a short stem; skin thick, tender, while the flesh is meaty and deeply stained; stone round, smooth; ripens the third week in July, often hanging on the trees until the middle of August. Marsotte. P. avium. 1. Guide Prat. 12. 1895. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size; stem of medium length; skin black; flesh juicy, sugary; used in making Kirschwasser. Mary. P. cerasus. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 211. 1854. Mary was raised by B. B. Kirtland, Greenbush, New York. Fruit borne in clusters, having a bright, lively red color and a sprightly subacid flavor. Master White Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 56. 1831. Listed in this reference. Mastodon. P. avium. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 185. 1894. Black Mastodon. 2. Wickson Cal. Fruits 289. 1889. Mastodon is a seedling of Pontiac and originated with W. H. Chapman, Napa, California; introduced by Leonard Coates, then of the same place. Fruit very large, obtuse-cordate, base very broad; cavity large, deep; stem stout, long; skin entirely mottled with pinkish or heavy red; flesh firm, yellowish, tinged with red, meaty, moderately juicy, with a rich, lively sweet flavor. Matilda. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 262. 1892. Matilda originated with C. E. Hoskins, formerly of Newburg, Oregon. Fruit medium to large, broad-cordate, surface smooth; skin glossy, dark red, nearly black; dots very fine; flesh dark red, firm, sprightly, sweet; very good; ripens in Oregon about the middle of June. Matts. P. avium. J. G. Youngken, Richlandtown, Pennsylvania, writes that this cherry is a seedling of Black Tartarian. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large. Mayo. P. avium. 1. Samuels & Co. Cat. 22. 1892. The original tree of Mayo is on the farm of a Mr. Mayo near Jackson, Tennessee. Tree vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit large, amber shaded with red, tender; resembles Wood. Mazarine. Species? 1. Thacher Am. Orch. 216. 1822. Listed as one of the twenty principal varieties in the United States.

Mednyansky. P. avium. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 177:31. 1899. Moduyansky. 2. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 185. 1894. This Hungarian variety was introduced to this country in 1894. In the second reference the name is spelled Moduyansky but in the first it is given Mednyansky which form is deemed best to follow here. Tree upright, spreading, rather vigorous; fruit cordate; suture variable, indistinct on some specimens but a noticeable ridge from the cavity to the apex on others; stem stout, long, inserted in a narrow, deep, irregular cavity; skin very dark purple turning black; flesh firm, rich, sweet, sprightly; quality very good. Meininger Späte Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 137 fig., 138. 1860; 2. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 370. 1881. Bigarreau-tardif de Meiningen. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 21, 190. 1876. Tree vigorous, productive, blooming late; fruit of medium size, cordate, sides compressed; suture shallow; stem slender, variable in length, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; color pale golden-yellow, spotted with pale red, which often conceals the ground color; flesh firm, whitish-yellow, reddish-yellow under the skin, juicy; stone large, oval, usually somewhat adherent; ripens in August lasting until September. Meissener Weisse. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Mentioned in the reference given. Merise Grosse Rose Oblongue. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831. Probably a small, wild variety. Merise Petite Ronda. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831. Listed without a description. Merisier Fastigié. Species? 1. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 3, P1. 1846. Poiteau was uncertain as to the name of this variety which he noticed in the gardens of M. Cels. Tree very pyramidal; fruit yellowish-amber. Michigan. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 17. 1885. Michigan is a supposed cross between Black Tartarian and Yellow Spanish fruiting for the first time in 1877. It was grown by Stephen Cook, Benton Harbor, Michigan. Fruit large, cordate, slightly compressed; stem long; suture lacking; skin deep red, nearly black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet; ripens early in July. Said to be nearly rot proof. Miller. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 27. 1909. Listed but not described. Millet. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Brookshaw Pom. Brit. PL. 7. 1817. 2. Brookshaw Hort. Reposit. 1:45, P1. 23 fig. 2. 1823. Described as one of the best black, heart-shaped late Dukes, ripening the last of June and continuing until September; flesh moderately firm; stone small; excellent. Minnesota. P. cerasus. 1. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:280. 1903. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 205:27. 1903. Sprouts of this variety were brought from Sweden to Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Fruit medium in size, roundish-cordate, slightly compressed; stem long; skin dark red; flesh dark, tender, juicy, subacid; very good. Minnesota Ostheim. P. cerasus. 1. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:120. 1900. Ostheim. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 371. 1881.

This variety was introduced into Minnesota from North Germany by E. Meyer, St. Petersburg, Minnesota. It is well adapted to cold regions where the Montmorency group does not flourish. Tree upright, dense; fruit large, roundish-oblate, dark red; flesh dark, tender, sweet subacid; good in quality; stone roundish, slightly flattened; ripens the middle of July. Minnie. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 353. 1896. Minnie is a vigorous seedling of Prunus pumila grown in Manitoba, Canada; fruit large and good. Monkirsche Rote. Species? 1. Mas. Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Mentioned in this reference. Monstrous Duke. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:360 fig., 361. 1877. Monstrous Duke is mentioned by MM. Simon-Louis in 1866 as a new sort of the Anglaise hâtive. It is probably of English origin, but the name is misleading as the fruit is only moderately large; attached in pairs, globular; stem stout, short, shallowly inserted; skin transparent, yellowish, partly covered with red; flesh yellowish, tender, slightly fibrous, very juicy, sugary, sprightly; pit small, roundish, plump, adhering to the stem; ripens the last of June. Monstrueuse Hennequine. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831. Listed without description. Montmorency Pleureur. P. cerasus. 1. Guide Prat. 17, 196. 1895. Described as a handsome tree with drooping branches. Its fruit is somewhat similar to that of the Montmorency. Montmorency de Sauvigny. P. cerasus. 1. Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom. 120 fig., 121. 1904. Cerise de Sauvigny. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. Belle de Sauvigny. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334. 1889. Schöne aus Sauvigny. 4. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907. This cherry is a popular fruit about Paris where it is used for confitures and brandy. Fruit large, roundish, attached in twos or threes; stem short; cavity large, shallow; color dark red; flesh yellow, transparent, slightly fibrous, acidulated; stone small, round; ripens the second half of July. Montmorency Stark. P. cerasus. 1. Stark Bros. Cat. 4:46. 1913. Montmorency Stark is described as having been produced on the Stark Brothers Nursery grounds, Louisiana, Missouri, from a select tree which bore large fruit. Montreuil. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 80:23. 1892. 2. Ibid. 194:41. 1901. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 27. 1909. Belle de Montreuil. 4. Rev. Hort. 451. 1875. Schöne von Montreuil. 5. Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift 123. 1910. This variety was mentioned by European writers as early as 1875 but was not known in America until recently. It is a valuable cherry and was placed on the fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1909. Tree upright, spreading, vigorous, more productive than Reine Hortense; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate; stem long, stout; skin mottled red approaching black; flesh tender, light red, with abundant, colored juice, subacid, pleasing; quality good; season July; valuable for dessert and culinary purposes.

Moorhouse. P. avium. 1. Leonard Coates Cat. 10. 1911. Moorhouse is no longer propagated, being inferior to its parent, Napoleon. Morella Extra Noir. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831. Listed without a description. Morella Wye. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:61. 1900. Listed in this reference. Morelle von Wilhelmshöhe. P. cerasus. 1. Guide Prat. 16. 1895. A very good table cherry ripening the seventh week of the season. Moreller Langstilkede Sode. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831. Listed without a description. Morisco. Species? 1. Langley Pomona 86. 1729. Mentioned without description. Morocco. P. cerasus. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629. "The Morocco Cherrie hath a large white blossome, and an indifferent big berrie, long and round, with a long stalke of a darke reddish purple colour, a little tending to a blew when it is full ripe, of a firme substance; the juice is of a blackish red, discolouring the hands or lips, and of a pleasant taste: some doe thinke that this and the Morello be both one." Morten Seedling. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Listed but not described. Mosler Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:23. 1858. Fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; stem long, slender; skin black, tough; flesh dark, tender, very sweet; pit oblong-cordate; ripens the middle of July; productive. Moyer Honey Heart. P. avium. 1. Horticulturist N. S. 8:22. 1858. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 469, 470. 1869. This variety was grown by Josiah G. Youngken, Allentown, Pennsylvania. Tree healthy, vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; suture small; stem long, slender; skin whitish, shaded and mottled with rich red; flesh yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasant; often partially clinging; ripens the middle of June. Mückelberger Grosse. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 24. 1876. A Sweet Cherry originating in Guben, Prussia, Germany. Murdock. P. avium. 1. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:289. 1903. Murdock's Bigarreau. 2. Gard. Mon. 28:240, 241. 1886. 3. Reid Cat. 35. 1892. Murdock is thought to have originated in 1887 with John R. and A. Murdock, then of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Tree large, vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit large, roundish-cordate; cavity deep, wide, rather abrupt; stem long, slender; skin thin, moderately tough, amber overlaid and mottled with light red; flesh whitish, firm, crisp, somewhat sprightly, juicy, sweet; quality very good; stone clinging, large, ovate, flattened, smooth; ripens early in July, hanging long on the trees; not susceptible to rot. Nancy. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 470. 1869. Nancy originated with Charles Pease, Sr., Cleveland, Ohio. Tree upright-spreading; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; stem long, stout, inserted in a large cavity; suture slight; skin

pale yellow, shaded and mottled with crimson; flesh tender, juicy, rich, sweet; very good; stone small; ripens the last of June. Naples. P. avium. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629. Neapolitanische Knorpelkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:35. 1858. 3. Ill. Handb. 39 fig., 40. 1867. Bigarreau de Naples. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 189. 1876. This is an Italian cherry introduced into Germany, France and England from Florence, Italy. It is very productive and is distinguished by its color and its lateness. Tree vigorous, bears early; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides only faintly compressed; suture indistinct; stem of medium length, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin tough, firm, glossy, becoming dark brown or black; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, vinous; stone oval, plump; ripens the sixth week of the season. Ne Plus Ultra. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 22:208. 1880. Ne Plus Ultra was raised by John Mosely of Goodrich, Ontario. It resembles Napoleon but is inferior. Neapolitanische Molkenkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:33. 1858. Bigarreautier de Naples. 2. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:504. 1860. Napolitaine. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. This is a large, lemon-colored, rather firm-fleshed variety that should not be confused with Naples. Tree small, vigorous; flesh sweet, pleasing; ripens late in July. Nebraska Sweet. P. avium. 1. Gage County Nur. Cat. 8. 1906. Listed in this reference as a dark, Sweet Cherry doing remarkably well in Nebraska. Nelson Kentish. P. cerasus. 1. Ohio Hort. Soc. Rpt. 23. 1892-93. Said to be more vigorous in growth and more hardy in bud than Early Richmond. Neue Englische Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 542, 543. 1819. 2. Ill. Handb. 83 fig., 84. 1867. Neue Englische Kirsche. 3. Christ Wörterb. 286. 1802. According to Truchsess, Mayer grew this cherry about 1775. Tree of medium height, moderately productive; fruit often large, roundish, more or less compressed; suture faint; stem straight, medium in length; cavity wide, deep; skin glossy, tender, black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, pleasing subacid; pit plump, small, oval; ripens early in July. Neue Ochsenherzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 73 fig., 74. 1860. Herrnhäuser neue Ochsenherzkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:22. 1858. Nouvelle Guigne des Boeufs. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866. Fruit very large, acute-cordate, irregular near the apex; stem long, slender; skin glossy, brownish-black; flesh dark red, tender, sweet, vinous; stone cordate-oblong; ripens the middle of July; not very productive. Neumann Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 370. 1889. Mentioned in the reference given. New Century. P. cerasus × (P. avium × P. cerasus). 1. Texas Nur. Cat. 10. 1907. New Century is thought to be a cross originating in Grayson County, Texas, between English Morello and some Duke; it was introduced by the Texas Nursery Company.

Tree of the Duke type, upright; fruit medium to above in size; light red; good. The trees are free from mildew in Texas but do not hold their fruit well. New Royal. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831. Listed without a description. Nienburger Frühe Bunte Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:27. 1858. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides compressed; stem of medium length, stout, straight; skin yellowish, spotted and streaked; flesh aromatically sweet; pit oval; ripens the middle of June. Noble. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Am. Gard. 20:576. 1899. 2. Bunyard-Thomas Fr. Gard. 44. 1904. This variety is said to resemble May Duke. Fruit large; color deep crimson to darker; flesh firm, colored, rich; late; productive. Noire des Vosges. P. cerasus. 1. Mas Le Verger 8:105, 106, fig. 51. 1866-73. Griotte Noire des Vosges. 2. Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom. 98 fig., 99. 1904. This old variety is probably a native of eastern France. The fruit is used for confections and liquors. Fruit attached in pairs, medium in size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; color almost black at maturity; flesh dark, tender, vinous, acidulated; stone small, oval, obtuse at the apex; ripens late in July. Nonpareil. Species? 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 187. 1908. Nonpareil is a black cherry which originated at Vacaville, California. Norfolk. Species? 1. Mass. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 87. 1872. Mentioned as a seedling cherry grown by J. H. Fenno; not described. Norma. P. avium. 1. Fruit Grower 19:368. 1908. Norma is a black cherry grown by R. H. Weber, The Dalles, Oregon; it is earlier than Napoleon. Northeast. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Sta. Sp. Bul. 27:11. 1904. Northeast is a rather dwarf cherry of the Morello type; very productive. Said to be valuable as a late market variety but the trees are lacking in vigor and subject to leaf blight. Northwest. P. cerasus. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 165. 1881. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 25. 1899. 3. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:76 fig. 16, 88. 1903. This is one of the varieties originated by D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, and first distributed by Professor J. L. Budd as Wier's No. 29; the fruit resembles Baldwin. The American Pomological Society placed Northwest on its fruit catalog in 1899 but dropped it in 1909. Tree medium in size, resembling English Morello closely both in size and habit, very productive; fruit medium to large, roundish, obscurely heart-shaped; stem long, adhering quite firmly to the fruit; skin tough, medium in thickness, dark attractive red, becoming nearly black; flesh deeply colored, firm, brisk but pleasant acid, mingled with a slight astringency; good in quality; stone small, roundish; season early. Occident. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Pom. Rpt. 40. 1895. Occident is a seedling of Napoleon which originated with C. E. Hoskins, Springbrook,

Oregon. Fruit heart-shaped, above medium in size, smooth; stem long, slender; cavity large, regular, deep, flaring, shaded with pink; suture shallow; skin very dark purplish-red, thick, tenacious; dots numerous, small, russet, indented; flesh dark reddish, translucent, with white veining, firm, meaty, juicy, mild subacid, rich; good to very good; season late in June; a good shipper. Ohio Beauty. P. avium. 1. Horticulturist 2:123 fig. 19. 1847-48. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 212. 1854. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:93 fig. 18, 94, 95. 1866. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 12. 1871. Bigarreau Bauté de l'Ohio. 5. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:177, 178 fig. 1877. Ohio Beauty probably originated in 1842 with Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio; first disseminated in 1847. The American Pomological Society listed it on its fruit catalog in 1871 but dropped it in 1895. Tree large, vigorous, hardy, very productive; fruit medium to large, cordate, compressed; cavity of medium depth, wide; stem slender, long; skin thin, of medium toughness, light yellow overspread with crimson; dots numerous, light russet, conspicuous; flesh whitish, with colorless juice, tender, meaty, mild, sweet; good in quality; stone clinging, irregular-ovate; season early. Okiya. P. pumila × P. americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:1908. 2. Ibid. 130:176, Pl. 6. 1911. Okiya is a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum. Fruit roundish, dark red; flesh green; excellent quality. Oliver. Species? 1. Ariz. Sta. Bul. 15:65. 1895. 2. Neb. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 18. 1900. Oliver is said to be a valuable cherry for home use in Nebraska; slow in coming into bearing. Opata. P. pumila × P. americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:1908. 2. Ibid. 130:173, 174 Pl. 4, 175, 176. 1911. Opata, a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum which was sent out in 1908. It is a plum in habit of growth, vigorous; foliage large, glossy; fruit one and three-sixteenths inches in diameter, roundish; skin thin, tender, dark purplish-red with blue bloom; flesh green, firm; flavor very pleasant combining the sprightly acid of the Sand Cherry with the rich sweetness of the Gold plum; pit very small; season early, the middle of August. Oregon. P. avium. 1. Wickson Cat. Fruits 290. 1889. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 150. 1895. Oregon is a seedling of Napoleon originated by H. W. Prettyman, East Portland, Oregon, and named by the Oregon Horticultural Society in 1888. W. S. Failing of Portland introduced it the same year. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, irregularly flattened along the suture; stem medium in length, stout, set in a deep, irregular cavity; skin black; flesh firm, very dark, juicy, sweet; later than Napoleon. Orel. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 327. 1888. 2. Maine Pom. Soc. Rpt. 145. 1889. This name is given to a dwarf cherry similar to Vladimir from Orel, Russia. It has small leaves and a close habit of growth; comes into bearing when from three to four feet in height; fruit larger than Montmorency, nearly black when ripe, mildly subacid.

Orel No. 24. P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 328. 1888. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:77, 78. 1903. This variety was imported by Budd but the name was lost. Some believe it to be Lutovka but as grown at the Iowa Station it is more like Early Morello in form and size of tree and fruit. Tree smaller and more open than Lutovka; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; cavity deep; stem medium in length, stout; suture a faint line; skin thin, translucent, cornelian-red; flesh firm, colored, juicy, pleasingly acid; good; pit round, angular; season the latter part of June. Orel Sweet. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 19:549. 1892. 2. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:21. 1910. Orel No. 26. 3. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 328. 1888. Orel Sweet is known in Europe as Lianzkaja Black; it was introduced into America by Budd as Orel 26; one of the hardiest of Sweet Cherries. Tree large, with a spreading top; fruit of medium size, roundish-oblate; stem long, slender; skin thin, tender, dark red; flesh soft, subacid; pit small, round, stained; ripens the last of July in Washington. Orleans. P. cerasus. 1. Brown Bros. Cat. 19. 1906. Orleans originated in Orleans County, New York. Probably not propagated at present, although known to many as an improved Montmorency. Orléa Smith. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Mentioned but not described. Osceola. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 200 fig. 1854. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862. Professor J. P. Kirtland of Cleveland, Ohio, originated the Osceola in 1842, from a pit of the Yellow Spanish. It was placed on the fruit list of the American Pomological Society in 1862 but was taken from the list in 1891. Tree round, spreading, hardy, healthy, productive; fruit medium to large, cordate; stem moderately stout inserted in a deep cavity; suture deep, broad; color dark purplish-red, inclining to black; flesh dark red, juicy, rich, sweet; pit medium or small, ovate, rounded; season the last of June and early July. Ostheim (of Morris). P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 75. 1890. This is a small, dark colored cherry differing from the Minnesota Ostheim in being later and slightly inferior in quality. Fruit round, compressed; quality fair, lacking in juiciness; pit large; ripens about August 6th in Ottawa, Canada. Othello. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 353. 1896. One of the Canada Experiment Farm's seedlings of Prunus pumila, the Sand Cherry; fruit large, very black, fair. Owanka. P. pumila × P. americana. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:1908. 2. Ibid. 130:176. 1911. Owanka, a cross between the Sand Cherry and Gold plum, was discarded soon after it was sent out because of its bitter skin; tree hardy, productive; fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter; apex terminated by a minute prickle; skin dark red, with blue bloom; flesh yellow. Ox Heart (of America). P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 24. 1899. Major Francis. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 127. 1875. 3. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:29. 1910. Coeur de Boeuf nouveau? 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882.

This cherry originated with G. W. Walling, Oswego, Oregon, about 1865, and was renamed in honor of Major Francis of Portland. As yet it is known only in the Northwest. The fruit is of good quality, attractive color, ripening with Black Tartarian, but is readily sought by the birds. Tree very large, vigorous, upright, productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, dark red; flesh deeply stained with red, juicy, sweet; quality good; too tender for long shipment; season early. Pandys Glaskirsche. Species? 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 59. 1907. Listed but not described. Paramdam. P. cerasus. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 308. 1884. This variety was found nearly a century and a half ago in Paramdam, England. Tree small; fruit small, round; skin pale red; stem an inch long; flesh pale, tender, lively acid, agreeable; ripens the last of July. Parent. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 302. 1890. Listed in the reference given. Paretzer Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Listed in this reference. Pariser Griotte. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 430. 1819. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 371. 1889. This cherry is thought by some to be Duhamel's Griotte but it differs in its more tender flesh, sweeter taste, and smaller stone. Parisian Guindoux. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:140. 1832. Tree moderately large; fruit large, pale red; flesh sweet; excellent; ripens the middle of June. Paul. P. avium. 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 185. 1908. Paul was found by E. V. D. Paul of Ukiah, Oregon; it was propagated and introduced by the Leonard Coates Nursery Company, Morganhill, California, in 1908. Fruit large, black, mottled with dark red; late; a good shipper. Pauline de Vigny. Species? 1. Mas. Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Listed without a description. Peach-Blossomed. Species? 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:151. 1832. An ornamental cherry with rose-colored flowers. Pease. P. avium. 1. Am. Hort. An. 86, 87. 1869. Pease is a black, sweet seedling from Charles Pease, Sr., Cleveland, Ohio. Tree upright; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; flesh purplish, juicy, rich; follows Black Tartarian in ripening. Perlkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Handb. 667. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 237-242. 1819. 3. Ill. Handb. 111 fig., 112. 1860. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:25, 26, fig. 13. 1882. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 371. 1889. This variety is often taken for the Yellow Spanish but is distinct. Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit usually large, roundish-cordate, sides compressed; suture distinct; stem short, shallowly but firmly inserted; skin tough, glossy, resembling Yellow Spanish; flesh moderately tender, juicy, pleasing, sweet; stone rather large, elongated-cordate, nearly free; ripens about the middle of July.

Perlknorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 305-308. 1819. 2. Ill. Handb. 129 fig., 130. 1860. Espagne bigarrée. 3. Knoop Fructologie 2:35, 38. 1771. Perlmarmorkirsche. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:43. 1858. This Bigarreau, though called a Heart by some, should not be confused with Perlkirsche. Fruit medium to above, roundish-cordate; suture indistinct; stem medium short, shallowly inserted; skin tough, glossy, resembling Yellow Spanish; flesh firm, fibrous, juicy, pleasing, sweet; stone medium in size, plump, oval; ripens the last of July to first part of August. Petite Morelle. P. cerasus. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:182 fig., 183, 184, 216. 1866. This is a small, acid cherry used in northern Germany for wine-making and in the kitchen. Tree vigorous, small, bushy; fruit small, round; suture indistinct; stem short, set in a straight, shallow cavity; color dark red changing to black; flesh red, tender, always acid; pit small, reddish, oval, plump; ripens the fourth week of the season. Pfitzmann Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 372. 1889. Listed in the reference given. Pierce Late. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 20:89, 134. 1854. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 45. 1854. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 265. 1857. This variety originated with Amos Pierce but was introduced by James Hyde and Son, Newton, Massachusetts. Tree upright, free, round-topped; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, dark red, mottled with light amber; stem slender, rather short; flesh soft, tender, very juicy, sweet, rich; stone small; ripens the last of July. Pink Heart. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 219. 1854. Pink Heart is a small, pinkish-red, oval Mazzard; stem short; ripens in July. Planchoury. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 7:248. 1865. 2. Mas Le Verger 8:61, 62, fig. 29. 1866-73. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:374, 375 fig. 1877. Cerise de Planchouri. 4. Ann. Pom. Belge 6:71, Pl. 1858. Kirsch von Planchoury. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 372. 1889. A Dr. Bretonneau grew this variety on his grounds near the River Loire, France. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, flattened at the base, slightly compressed on the sides, completely transversed by a suture; stem long, set in a large, deep cavity; skin glossy, clear red changing to darker red, uniform; flesh tinged with red, semi-tender, sugary, juicy, agreeably acidulated; first quality; stone large, oval, free; ripens early in July. Plattgedrückte Schattenmorelle. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 26. 1876. Differs from the English Morello in being more compressed in form. Plumstone. P. cerasus. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 27. 1909. Plumstone Morello. 2. Prince Treat. Hort. 29. 1828. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 198 fig. 1845. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862. 5. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:120. 1900. The origin of this variety is unknown but it was found in Virginia early in the Nineteenth Century by William Prince who brought it to Flushing, New York. Its name seems to have arisen from the form of the stone. According to Prince, this variety surpasses all of the European Morellos for culinary purposes. Tree vigorous, medium in

size, productive; fruit very large, roundish or inclined to obtuse-cordate; stem long, rather slender, straight; skin dark red becoming nearly black; flesh reddish, tender, juicy, highly flavored, sprightly, with pleasant acidity when fully mature; stone long, resembling a plum; season late July. Plymouth Rock. P. avium. 1. Lovett Cat. 25 fig. 1895. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 169:200. 1899. Plymouth. 3. Ont. Dept. Agr. Fr. Ont. 102. 1914. Plymouth Rock is generally believed to have originated with J. H. Black, Hightstown, New Jersey. Tree vigorous, upright, round-topped; fruit above medium in size, heart-shaped, roundish; skin tender, reddish-amber, with a bright red blush; stem long, slender; cavity narrow, shallow; flesh rather tender, light colored, juicy; pit round, plump, small; season early July. Podiebrad. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. Podiebrad Bunte Herzkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:29. 1858. 3. Ill. Handb. 21 fig., 22. 1867. Probably a seedling from Podiebrad, Hungary. Tree vigorous, productive, bears early; fruit above medium in size, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long; cavity wide, moderately deep; skin tender, translucent, sulphur-yellow, nearly entirely washed and spotted with red; flesh tender, pale yellow, juicy, sweet, without sourness; stone medium egg-shaped; ripens early in July. Pointed Guigne. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:119. 1832. This cherry is so named because part of the style becomes hard and ligneous forming a sharp point at the apex of the fruit. Fruit cordate; color red on a yellow ground; flesh firm, crisp, rich, tinged with a slight bitterness; early. Polsted. Species? 1. Jour. Hort. N. S. 24:412. 1873. Polsted received its name from a parish in Suffolk, England, where it was extensively grown. Polton Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. Listed without a description. Pomeranzen. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 479-482. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:53, 54. 1858. Cerise Orange. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:306. 1866. The name was given this cherry because of the appearance of the tree which resembles that of the orange. Tree round with a globular head; fruit large, broadly oblate; stem of medium length, firmly set in a deep cavity; suture a line; skin clear, almost brick-red, becoming glossy, darker, and transparent with many white spots; flesh clear, tinged red, with yellowish-white veins, juicy, sweetly acidulated; first quality; stone medium in size, round, turgid, sharply pointed; ripens the middle of July. Pontiac. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 201 fig. 1854. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 89. 1866. Pontiac originated in 1842, with Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, upright, somewhat spreading, healthy, productive; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate, with sides compressed; stem long, slender,

inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; skin moderately firm, dark purplish-red, becoming nearly black at maturity; flesh purplish-red, with dark colored juice, rather tender, juicy, pleasant, aromatic, sweet; good in quality; stone medium in size, smooth, separating readily from the flesh; ripens in mid-season. Pope. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:150. 1832. Some of the fruits of this cherry are green in the middle of July whereas the majority are quite ripe; introduced into France from Italy. Fruit large, round, red; stem very long; flesh similar to but more firm than that of the Montmorency. Portugal. Species? 1. Rea Flora 205. 1676. 2. Coxe Cult. Fr. Trees 247. 1817. Tree productive; fruit cordate, red; flavor rich and pleasant; ripens early in June. Powhattan. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 201. 1854. 3. Mich. Sta. Bul. 67:23. 1890. This is one of the numerous seedlings originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Fruit roundish-cordate, uneven in outline, compressed on the sides; stem medium to long; skin brownish-red, glossy; flesh purplish-red, half-tender, juicy, sweet; stone small. Pragische Muskateller. P. avium. 1. Krünitz Enc. 51, 52, 53. 1790. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 398-402. 1819. Cerise de Prague tardive. 3. Knoop Fructologie 2:36, 42. 1771. Muscat de Prague. 4. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 54. 1831. The cherry, introduced into Germany from Holland about 1785 under the name Prager Muskateller, was undoubtedly the variety mentioned by Knoop in 1771, as Cerise de Prague Tardive. With this variety three other sorts were confused; the Cerise Blanche, Cerise Guigne, and the Grosse Ungarische Kirsche, but when fruit was obtained from all, separation was comparatively easy. Tree very productive; fruit large, globular; suture a line; stem rather thick, of medium length; cavity narrow, shallow; skin thin, brownish-red changing to black; flesh tender, melting, juicy, light red, sweet, wine-like; stone oval or roundish; ripens the middle of July. Précoce de Marest. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 28. 1876. Of doubtful value according to the reference. Précoce de Sabaret. Species? 1. Gard. Chron. 1068. 1861. 2. Rev. Hort. 335. 1870. There seem to be several strains of this cherry; it is one of the earliest cultivated sorts in France, ripening at the beginning of June and lasting a month. President. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 212. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 471. 1869. President is another of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries raised in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit medium to large, regular, cordate, slightly compressed; stem stout, slender; suture indistinct; skin red, slightly mottled with yellow; flesh yellowish-white, half-tender, juicy, sweet; good; pit medium in size; ripens from the middle to the last of June. Pride of Washington. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Wash. Hort. Assoc. Rpt. 95. 1905. This variety is a seedling of the Late Duke grown by J. F. Strong, Spokane, Washington. The tree is more productive and less disposed to seaming of limbs where connecting with the body than its parent and its fruit is also larger, earlier and of better quality.

Priesche Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Listed but not described. Prince. Species? 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:36. 1771. Listed but not described by Knoop. Prince Black Heart. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 471. 1869. This variety was originated by William R. Prince, Flushing, New York. Tree vigorous, upright-spreading; fruit medium to large, cordate, slightly compressed; suture small; flesh purplish, rather tender, juicy, sweet; good to very good; ripens the last of June. Prince Duke. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Treat. Hort. 29. 1828. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:136. 1832. Prince Duke was raised by William Prince, Flushing, New York, from a seed of Carnation which it resembles in tree-characters and in time of ripening. The fruit is red, more compressed than the parent and possesses the peculiar bitterness of Carnation before it is full ripe. Prince Englebert. Species? 1. Okla. Sta. Bul. 2:13. 1892. Listed as grown at the Oklahoma Station. Prince Royal. Species? 1. Rea Flora 205. 1676. According to Rea, this is a large, late ripe cherry, good to preserve. Princess. P. avium. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:36. 1771. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:302. 1866. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:75, 76, fig. 38. 1882. Prinzesskirsche. 4. Christ Wörterb. 279. 1802. 5. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 261, 262. 1819. This is a variegated Heart originating in Germany. Tree of moderate vigor; fruit medium to large, cordate, sides compressed; apex acutely pointed; suture indistinct; stem very long; color yellow overlaid with red; flesh tender, juicy, bitterish at first; stone oval; ripens the fourth week of the season. Prinzenkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 289. 1802. Grosse schwarze Glanzkirsche incor. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 577-580. 1819. A Morello cherry of German origin. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture indistinct; cavity shallow; skin tough, firm, glossy, black; flesh firm, fibrous, dark red, subacid; pit adherent, almost cordate; ripens at the end of July. Prödlitzer Elitekirsche. P. avium. 1. Obstzüchter 8:Pl. 1910. 2. Ibid. 8:51, 52. 1910. This cherry originated on the estate of Hugo Graf Kálnokyschen in Prodek, Moravia, Austria. Trees upright when young; fruit large to very large, blackish-brown, obtuse-cordate; suture distinct; stem long, slender; flesh dark, sweet with a touch of sourness; ripens in July. Progress. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 353. 1896. A seedling of Prunus pumila raised by the Manitoba Station. Proskauer Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 57. 1907. A dark, hard-fleshed cherry mentioned in this reference. Proudfoot. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 212. 1854. This variety was grown by D. Proudfoot, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, spreading,

moderately productive; fruit large, cordate, flattened at the base; skin dark purplish-red; cavity open; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, sweet; pit large; season the middle of July. Puhlmann Frühe. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 373. 1889. 2. Proskauer Obstsort. 57. 1907. Listed as an early black Heart. Punktirte Marmorkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:42. 1858. Punctirte Süsskirsche mit festem Fleische. 2. Christ Wörterb. 281. 1802. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 333-336. 1819. Bigarreau Ponctué. 4. Mas Le Verger 8:81, 82, fig. 39. 1866-73. Punktirte Knorpelkirsche. 5. Ill. Handb. 57 fig., 58. 1867. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit roundish-cordate, large; suture deep; stem long, adhering to the stone; cavity deep; color yellowish-white overspread with clear red; flesh rather tender but firm, fibrous, translucent, sweet; pit round, often rather large; ripens at the end of July. Punktirte Molkenkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:29. 1858. Tree very large, branches long; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; color yellow more or less overspread with red; flesh sweet; stone small, cordate; ripens early in July. Purity (I). P. avium. 1. Wickson Cal. Fruits 289. 1889. 2. Mich. Sta. Bul. 177:31. 1899. Purity (I) is a seedling of Elton which originated with W. H. Chapman, Napa, California, and was propagated by Leonard Coates of that place. Tree upright-spreading, fairly vigorous; fruit heart-shaped, compressed; suture broad, rather indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity broad, shallow; skin amber, shaded and mottled with bright red, waxy, transparent, thin; flesh rich, sweet, tender, juicy, melting; very good; season early; rather too tender for market. Purity (II). P. cerasus. 1. Ont. Dept. Agr. Fr. Ont. 101. 1914. This is a productive cherry of the Morello class which resembles Dyehouse and ripens a little earlier than Early Richmond. Tree moderately vigorous, healthy, bears early; fruit of medium size, roundish; stem long; cavity deep; apex noticeably depressed; skin very dark red; flesh yellowish, tender, very juicy, pleasant subacid; quality good; season late June to early July. Quaker. P. avium. 1. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 262. 1892. Quaker originated with C. E. Hoskins, Newberg, Oregon. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, dark red, almost black; dots numerous; flesh firm, dark purple, sprightly, sweet; quality very good; season early July. Rainier French. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 55. 1831. Listed without a description. Red Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:35, 38. 1771. 3. Elliott Fr. Book 219. 1854. Bigarreau à Gros Fruit Rouge. 4. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:163-165, Pl. II. 1768. 5. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 308. 1819. 6. Pom. France 7:No. 7, Pl. 7. 1871. Purpurrothe Knorpelkirsche. 7. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 340, 683, 684. 1819.

Large Red Bigarreau. 8. Kenrick Am. Orch. 273. 1832. 9. Prince Pom. Man. 2:127. 1832. 10. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:104, 105 fig., 106, 301. 1866. Red Bigarreau is probably an old French variety. Fruit very large, roundish-cordate, irregular, swollen on one side; suture distinct; stem slender, long, set in a deep, wide cavity; color glossy, tough, dark red; flesh firm, sweet, rose-colored especially near the pit, juicy; pit small, oval, adherent along the suture; ripens in July. Red Canada. Species? 1. Ariz. Sta. Bul. 15:72. 1895. Listed without a description. Red Guigne. P. avium. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:36. 1771. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:112. 1832. Fruit more oblong than the Early Guigne and somewhat larger; skin entirely red; flesh soft but not high in quality; ripens in June. Red Jacket. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 202 fig. 1854. 2. U. S. D. A. Rpt. 148, Pl. 13 fig. 1. 1864. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 19, 204. 1876. Red Jacket was raised in 1842 by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, crossed with Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. It was formerly grown commercially in this country and Europe because of its productiveness and quality. Tree very vigorous, upright-spreading, hardy, very productive; fruit large, long, obtuse-cordate; stem rather long, slender; skin thin, pale red becoming rather bright red; flesh yellowish-white, half-tender, juicy, pleasant, somewhat astringent until fully ripe when it becomes sweet; good in quality; stone medium in size; ripens in late mid-season. Red Muscatel. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 330. 1885. 2. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 329. 1888. A variety from North Silesia where it is said to be commonly grown; fruit large, of good quality. Red Oranien. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 329. 1888. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 19:551. 1892. This name has been given by some writers as a synonym of Carnation but Red Oranien as introduced into America from Russia appears to be distinct and is probably another of the Duke hybrids. Tree productive; fruit large, dark red, mildly subacid. Red Rock. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 434. 1905. Fruit of the Morello type, round; stem long, inserted in a noticeable cavity; skin clear red; flesh reddish-yellow with colored juice, mild but pleasantly acid, refreshing; ripens late in July. Red Russian. Species? 1. Kenrick Am. Orch. 237. 1841. The original name of this variety was lost in importing it from Russia to Brooklyn, New York, about 1800. Fruit large, dark red, good; productive; ripens in August. Reichart. Species? 1. Pa. Fr. Gr. Soc. Rpt. 11. 1881. Recommended as valuable in Pennsylvania. Reine-Hortense Hâtive. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 28. 1876. A seedling of Reine Hortense introduced in 1873. It resembles the parent in many respects, differing, however, in earlier ripening and in having red flesh.

Remington. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 188. 1845. Remington Heart 2. Prince Treat. Hort. 30. 1828. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 55. 1831. 4. Prince Pom. Man. 2:117, 118. 1832. Remington originated in 1823 from a pit planted by Zachariah Allen, Providence, Rhode Island. Its only merit is lateness, not ripening until August; fruit small, cordate, yellow, tinged with red; flesh firm; bears abundantly. Rentz Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Mo. Bd. Agr. Rpt. 243. 1878. Mentioned as succeeding fairly well in Missouri. Resacks Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 373. 1889. Listed without a description. Richardson. P. avium. 1. Cole Am. Fr. Book 238. 1849. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 212. 1854. Originated in the garden of J. R. Richardson, Boston, Massachusetts. Tree upright, hardy, productive; fruit large, heart-shaped, rather short, tapering to a point; stem short, slender; skin dark red, inclining to black; flesh deep red, half-tender, rich, luscious, sweet; ripens the last of June to July. Richardson Late Black. Species? 1. Mag. Hort. 8:285. 1842. Originated in the garden of Dr. William P. Richardson, Salem, Massachusetts. A small, round, black cherry, ripening late in July; very juicy and productive. Richter Sämling. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 373. 1889. Listed but not described. Riga No. 108. P. cerasus. 1. Tex. Sta. Bul. 16:99. 1891. Listed among the Russian fruits growing at the Texas Station. Riga No. 109. P. cerasus. 1. Kan. Sta. Bul. 73:189. 1897. Received from Professor J. L. Budd in 1890. Tree upright, unproductive; fruit borne singly, large; stem short; color dark red; flesh and juice colored, pleasant, but lacking in quality; ripens the middle of June. Rival. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 7:248. 1865. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 90. 1866. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 373. 1889. Bigarreau Rival. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:236, 237 fig. 1877. This cherry probably came from M. Rival, Saint-Genis-Laval, Rhône, France. Fruit of medium size, borne in clusters, never less than four in a cluster, obtuse-cordate, flattened on one side; suture a colored line; apex shallow, eccentric; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; skin moderately firm, yellow, mottled with red becoming darker, nearly black when mature; ripens the last of July to August. Rivers Early Heart. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 177. 1845. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 204. 1846. A seedling raised by Thomas Rivers, Sawbridgeworth, England, which he says originated about the same time as his Early Amber. The fruit is of the Heart class, medium in size and season. Roberts Red Heart. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:285. 1842. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 176. 1845. 3. Horticulturist 5:76 fig. 1850. 4. Ibid. 6:21 fig. 1851. 5. Mas Le Verger 8:119, 120, fig. 58. 1866-73.

This variety originated with David Roberts, Salem, Massachusetts, and was first brought to notice by Robert Manning. Fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, slightly obtuse; suture distinct; stem long, slender, set in a moderate cavity; skin pale amber overspread with pale red, mottled with deeper red and pale amber specks; flesh white, tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly; season at the end of July. Rochaline. P. avium 1. Leonard Coates Cat. 10. 1911. Rochaline, a seedling of Napoleon, is no longer propagated, being inferior to its parent. Rock. Species? 1. Ray Hist. Plant. 1539. 1688. 2. Miller Gard. Dict. 1:1754. Mentioned as a perfumed cherry. Rockland. Species? 1. Mass. (Hatch) Sta. An. Rpt. 1:33. 1889. Mentioned as growing at the Massachusetts Station. Rocky Hill Honey Heart. P. avium 1. Mag. Hort. 13:424. 1847. A variety originating near Wethersfield, Connecticut, late in the Eighteenth Century. Rocky Mountain. P. besseyi. 1. Country Gent. 26:238. 1865. 2. Rural N. Y. 52:138, 330, fig. 46. 1893. 3. Cornell Sta. Bul. 70:261, Pl. 1 fig. 2. 1894. 4. Storrs & Harrison Cat. 136 fig. 1896. 5. Wis. Sta. An. Rpt. 13:229, 230. 1896. Rocky Mountain, a variety of Prunus besseyi, is a native of the mountains of Colorado having been discovered there many years ago. It is chiefly used as a dwarf ornamental, being adapted to a great variety of soils. Tree small, bushy, averaging about four feet high, very hardy and productive; fruit ripens after all other cherries are gone, small, variable in shape, from roundish to nearly oblong; color almost jet black; flavor sweet with some astringency but edible when fully mature. Roe. P. avium 1. Better Fruit 5:No. 11:49. 1911. Roe is a seedling from Yamhill County, Oregon, being introduced by the Oregon Nursery Company, Salem, Oregon; it is said to resemble Napoleon but is much firmer and later. Romaine. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 26. 1876. A variety of doubtful value; ripens in July. Ronald. Species? 1. Bunyard-Thomas Fr. Gard. 44. 1904. According to the reference, this is a valuable late variety. Tree small, compact; fruit very large, bright red, transparent; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy. Röschers Kirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Ill. Handb. 1 fig., 2. 1867. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:9, 10, fig. 5. 1882. A chance seedling found by a peasant, Röschers, near Heidelberg, Baden, Germany. Fruit medium, oblate-cordate; sides compressed, angular; stem long; cavity wide, deep; skin tough, black; flesh dark red, juicy, vinous; pit small, oval; ripens very early. Rose Charmeux. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 75. 1883. A Polish variety introduced by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa; fruit large, red, delicate, watery and mild-flavored. Rosenobel. P. avium 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 280, 678. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:27. 1858. An old German variety fruiting for the first time in 1815. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, yellow, streaked with red around the cavity; stem long; flesh white, tender, sweet; stone oval; ripens the last of June.