White French. Species? 1. Pa. Fr. Gr. Soc. Rpt. 11. 1881. Spoken of as doing well in Pennsylvania. White French Guigne. P. avium. 1. Barry Fr. Garden 323. 1851. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862. 3. Garvin & Son Cat. 18. 1892. A distinct, rather large cherry listed in the fruit catalog of the American Pomological Society for 1862. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit creamy-white; flesh tender, melting, juicy, sweet; ripens the middle of July. White Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. Listed, not described. White Hungarian Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. A tender-fleshed, obtuse-cordate cherry, amber in color, ripening in July; second quality. White Mazzard. P. avium. 1. Manning Book of Fruits 111. 1838. 2. Mag. Hort. 8:285. 1842. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 171. 1845. White Mazzard originated with Robert Manning at Salem, Massachusetts, from a seed of White Bigarreau. Downing considered it similar to Black Mazzard, except in color. Tree handsome, upright in growth, productive; fruit of medium size, cordate, of a cream color, with a bright red cheek; not of the finest flavor; ripens late. White Spanish. P. avium. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 572. 1629. 2. Krünitz Enc. 61, 62, 63. 1790. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 317-320. 1819. 4. Ill. Handb. 127 fig., 128. 1860. This variety and Yellow Spanish are much alike in appearance yet the best European authorities consider them distinct. Tree healthy, not large, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, somewhat compressed; stem long; cavity depressed on the ventral side; color waxy yellow, streaked and dotted with red; flesh yellowish, firm, juicy, sweet, pleasant; ripens late. White Tartarian. P. avium. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:114. 1832. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 178. 1845. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 315. 1884. Fraser's White Tartarian. 4. Forsyth Treat. Fr. Trees 43. 1803. A variety with this name was grown for many years in America which was finally proved by William Prince to be a sub-variety of the White Heart. Tree vigorous, erect, usually productive; fruit rather small, roundish, inclined to obtuse-cordate; stem long, slender; skin transparent, pale yellow, approaching amber on the exposed cheek; flesh whitish-yellow, nearly tender, juicy, pleasant, brisk subacid becoming sweet; very good in quality; stone large, oval; season early. White Transparent. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 56. 1831. Mentioned in the reference given. Wier's Seedlings. D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, disseminated several seedlings which he selected from a large number originated by him. Wier No. 2. P. cerasus. 1. Rural N. Y. 49:453. 1890. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt. 37. 1904-05. This cherry is said to be a seedling of Early Richmond but of the Morello type. Tree
medium to large, upright-spreading, fruiting regularly; fruit of medium size, oblate-conic; cavity shallow, broad; stem short; suture slight; color dark red; flesh firm, meaty, dark red, mildly subacid; quality fair; stone oval; precedes Early Richmond. Wier No. 11. P. cerasus. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt. 37. 1904-05. Tree upright, productive, hardy; fruit cordate, black; juice dark, sweeter than many of the sour sorts; ripens earlier than Northwest and Early Richmond. Wier No. 12. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:88. 1903. Sometimes listed as Wier, being one of the best of Mr. Wier's seedlings but only moderately productive. Tree of medium size, slightly spreading; fruit of medium size, elongated-cordate; cavity rather deep and broad; stem stout, rather long; suture obscure; skin thick, tender, dark red; flesh firm, crisp, with slightly colored juice, sprightly subacid; quality fair; stone large, oval; season from July 12th to 20th; the latest of the Wier seedlings. Wier No. 13. P. cerasus. 1. Kan. Sta. Bul. 73:190. 1897. Tree upright, with scant foliage; fruit of medium size; skin dark red, tough; flesh slightly colored, mild; precedes Early Richmond; of no value. Wier No. 19. P. cerasus. 1. Kan. Sta. Bul. 73:190. 1897. Fruit of medium size, oval, dark red; worthless. Wier No. 24. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:88. 1903. Tree medium in growth, upright-spreading; fruit conical, cordate, of medium size; cavity shallow; stem of medium length; suture indistinct; skin smooth, dark red; flesh firm, light yellow, juicy, sprightly subacid; quality fair; stone almost spherical, smooth; ripens the middle of June; not worthy of further trial. Wier No. 44. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:88. 1903. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Sp. Rpt. 38. 1904-05. Tree medium in growth, upright-spreading; fruit small to medium, oblate; cavity shallow; stem short; skin thin, tender, light red; flesh tender, juicy, acid; good; season late June; less productive than No. 2. Wild Ross-shire. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 57. 1831. A small, wild, round, red fruit with juicy flesh, ripening in July; allied to the Kentish. Wilde Bunte Marmorkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:38. 1858. Distinguished from the Wild Red Bird cherry by its firmer flesh and later ripening. It grows wild and is sometimes cultivated along the highways; ripens the middle of August. Wilhelmine Kleindienst. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 20. 1876. Of German origin; vigorous and productive; fruit large, brilliant reddish-brown; flesh firm, agreeably sweet; ripens the middle of July. Wilkinson. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 8:284. 1842. 2. Barry Fr. Garden 323. 1851. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 476. 1869. Wilkinson is thought by Hovey to be a native of Rhode Island. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit of medium size, resembling Black Heart but is more sprightly; ripens the middle of July.
Willamette. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 127. 1875. 2. Wickson Cal. Fruits 290. 1889. 3. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:62. 1900. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 192. 1907. Willamette originated with Seth Lewelling, Milwaukee, Oregon, from a seed of Napoleon. Tree strong in growth; fruit large, light red; flesh whitish, firm, juicy, sweet, with a pleasant flavor; ripens in the Northwest in late June. Willis Early. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 465. 1900. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:62. 1900. Tree vigorous in growth; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; skin yellow, mottled with red; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, tender, sweet; ripens early in May. Willow-Leaved. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:141. 1832. May Duke, Willow-leaved. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 53. 1831. Griottier à feuilles de Pêcher. 3. Kenrick Am. Orch. 280. 1832. Weidenblättrige Süssweichsel. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:47. 1858. Cerisier de Hollande à feuilles de saule ou de balsamine. 5. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:505. 1860. Griottier à feuilles de Saule. 6. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:287 fig., 288. 1877. Cerisier à Feuilles de Saule. 7. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882. The Willow-Leaved cherry seems to have originated in Holland and has been known since the middle of the Eighteenth Century. It differs from May Duke in the size and the shape of the foliage. It is not only cultivated for its singular foliage but also for its fine fruit. If the tree grows rapidly the leaves are said to assume normal shape. Winkler Black. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:62. 1900. Wincklers schwarze Knorpelkirsche. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 206, 676. 1819. Winkler's schwarze Herzkirsche. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:35. 1858. Bigarreau noir Winkler. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:231 fig. 1877. This is a seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany. Fruit borne in pairs of medium size, broad, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture indistinct; skin dark red; flesh pale red, firm, aromatic, subacid, pleasing; pit rather large, oval; ripens early in July; not very productive. Winter Schwarze. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 57. 1831. Listed without a description. Wohltragende Holländische Kirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 591-593. 1819. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 382. 1889. Grosse wohltragende holländische Morellè. 3. Christ Wörterb. 288. 1802. Fruit large, sides unequally compressed; suture indistinct; stem medium in length, set in a large cavity; skin tough, dark brown when ripe; flesh fibrous, clear red, darker near the stone, with colored juice, pleasingly sour; stone long, colored; ripens late in July. Yan. P. avium. 1. Rural N. Y. 61:577 fig. 235. 1902. 2. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:32. 1910. Yan is a seedling grown by Seth Lewelling of Milwaukee, Oregon; named for a faithful Chinese workman. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, with a distinct suture on one side;
stem long, stout; skin tough, dark purplish-red; flesh streaked and flecked with light red, firm, juicy, mild subacid; very late; productive. Yellow Glass. P. avium. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 19:551. 1892. 2. Ibid. 73:89. 1903. 3. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:32. 1910. Yellow Glass was introduced from North Silesia by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Tree large, upright, with abundant foliage; fruit medium to above in size, roundish-cordate; cavity deep; stem long; suture a line; skin thin, tough, light lemon in color; flesh firm, yellow, meaty, sweet, with colorless juice; quality good; stone large, round, clinging. Young Large Black Heart. P. avium. 1. Pioneer Nur. Cat. 16. 1905-06. Merely listed in the reference given. Yuksa. P. pumila × P. armeniaca. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:1908. Yuksa is noted in the reference as a cross between the Sand Cherry and the New Large Apricot. Zimmtkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:64. 1858. Fruit medium in size, round, flattened at the stem, without a suture; cavity deep; stem long; skin thin, dark red almost black; flesh aromatic, subacid; stone oval-pointed. Zweifarbige Kirsche. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom Pom. 382. 1889. Bicolor. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. Listed without a description. Zwitterkirsche. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:162. 1882. Mentioned in this reference. Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:35. 1858. Fruit large, elongated, sides strongly compressed; suture shallow; apex depressed; skin reddish-black; flesh very dark red, pleasing, slightly sweet; ripens in late July.
БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ И ИСТОЧНИКИ С УКАЗАНИЕМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННЫХ СОКРАЩЕНИЙ
Приводимый ниже список книг содержит все американские помологические труды, в которых в той или иной степени рассматривается вишня. Однако в него включены лишь те европейские книги, которые оказались полезными при написании книги «Вишни Нью-Йорка». Перечислены только те периодические издания, на которые имеются ссылки в тексте книги. Отчеты и бюллетени опытных станций и садоводческих обществ не включены, поскольку сокращения, используемые для таких публикаций, понятны каждому.
Am. Gard. American Gardening. An Illustrated Journal of Horticulture and Gardener's Chronicle. New York: 1892-1904. Copyright, 1903. (Before its union with Popular Gardening in 1892, the publication was known as The American Garden. Both Popular Gardening and The American Garden resulted from the union or absorption of several other horticultural periodicals.) Am. Gard. Mag. The American Gardener's Magazine, and Register of Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Horticulture and Rural Affairs. See Mag. Hort. Am. Hort. An. American Horticultural Annual. A Yearbook of Horticultural Progress for the Professional and Amateur Gardener, Fruit-grower, and Florist. (Illustrated.) New York: 1867. Copyright, 1867. New edition. New York: 1870. Copyright, 1869. Am. Jour. Hort. The American Journal of Horticulture and Florist's Companion. (Illustrated.) Volumes 1-5. Boston: 1867-1896. Copyrights, 1867-1869. Continued as Tilton's Journal of Horticulture and Floral Magazine. (Illustrated.) Volumes 6-9. Boston: 1869-71. Copyrights, 1869-1871. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. Proceedings of the American Pomological Society. Issued usually biennially from 1850 to date. First published as the Proceedings of the National Convention of Fruit Growers in 1848. Ann. Hort. Annals of Horticulture and yearbook of information on practical gardening. 5 Volumes. London: 1846-1850. Ann. Pom. Belge Annales de Pomologie Belge et Étrangère; publiées par la Commission royale de Pomologie Instituée par S. M. le Roi des Belges. (Illustré.) 8 Tomes. Bruxelles: 1853-1860.
Bailey, Ann. Hort. Annals of Horticulture in North America for the Years 1889-1893. A Witness of Passing Events and a Record of Progress. By L. H. Bailey. New York: 1890-1894. Copyrights, 1889, 1891-1894. Bailey, Cyc. Hort. Cyclopedia of American Horticulture Comprising Suggestions for Cultivation of Horticultural Plants, Descriptions of the Species of Fruits, Vegetables, Flowers and Ornamental Plants Sold in the United States and Canada, Together with Geographical and Biographical Sketches. By L. H. Bailey, assisted by Wilhelm Miller. (Illustrated.) In Four Volumes. New York: 1900-1902. Copyrights, 1900-1902. Bailey, Ev. Nat. Fruits Sketch of the Evolution of our Native Fruits. By L. H. Bailey. (Illustrated.) New York: 1898. Copyright, 1898. Bailey, Sur. Unlike The Survival of the Unlike. A Collection of Evolution Essays Suggested by the Study of Domestic Plants. By L. H. Bailey. (Illustrated.) Fifth Edition. New York: 1906. Copyright, 1896. Baltet, Cult. Fr. Traité de la Culture Fruitière Commerciale et Bourgeoise. Par Charles Baltet. (Illustré.) Quatrième Édition. Paris: 1908. Barry, Fr. Garden The Fruit Garden. By P. Barry. (Illustrated.) New York: 1852. Copyright, 1851. Revised Edition, 1896. Copyright, 1883. Bradley, Gard. New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical. In three parts. By Richard Bradley. (Illustrated.) Seventh Edition with Appendix. London: 1739. Bridgeman, Gard. Ass't The Young Gardener's Assistant, in three parts. By Thomas Bridgeman. New Edition, with an Appendix. New York: 1857. Copyright, 1847. Brookshaw, Hort. Reposit. The Horticultural Repository, containing Delineations of the best Varieties of the Different Species of English Fruits. By George Brookshaw. (Illustrated.) In Two Volumes. London: 1823. Budd-Hansen, Am. Hort. Man. American Horticultural Manual. By J. L. Budd, assisted by N. E. Hansen. (Illustrated.) In Two Volumes. Volume 2, New York and London: 1903. Copyright, 1903. Bunyard-Thomas, Fr. Gard. The Fruit Garden. By George Bunyard and Owen Thomas. (Illustrated.) London and New York: 1904.
Can. Hort. The Canadian Horticulturist. (Illustrated.) Toronto and Peterboro: 1878 to date. Cat. Cong. Pom. France Société Pomologique de France Catalogue Descriptif des Fruits Adoptés par le Congrès Pomologique. Lyon: 1887. Ibid.: 1906. Christ, Handb. Handbuch über die Obstbaumzucht und Obstlehre. Von J. L. Christ. Zweite vermehrte. Frankfurt: 1797. Christ, Obstbüume Von Pflanzung und Wartung der nüzlichsten Obstbüume. Von J. L. Christ. Zweiter Theil. Frankfurt: 1791. Christ, Wörterb. Pomologisches theoretisch-praktisches Handwörterbuch, oder Alphabetisches Verzeichniss. Von J. L. Christ. Leipzig: 1802. Cole, Am. Fr. Book The American Fruit Book; containing directions for Raising, Propagating, and Managing Fruit Trees, Shrubs, and Plants; with a description of the Best Varieties of Fruit, including New and Valuable Kinds. By S. W. Cole. (Illustrated.) Boston: 1849. Copyright, 1849. Country Gent. The Country Gentleman. Albany: 1853-1865. The Cultivator & Country Gentleman. Albany: 1866-1897. The Country Gentleman. Albany and Philadelphia: 1898 to date. Coxe, Cult. Fr. Trees A View of the Cultivation of Fruit Trees, and the Management of Orchards and Cider; with accurate descriptions of the most estimable varieties of Native and Foreign Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, and Cherries, cultivated in the middle states of America. By William Coxe. (Illustrated.) Philadelphia: 1817. Copyright, 1817. Cultivator The Cultivator. Albany: 1834-1865. In 1866 united with The Country Gentleman. Cult. & Count. Gent. The Cultivator & Country Gentleman. See Country Gent. Decaisne & Naudin, Man. Amat. Jard. Manuel de L'Amateur Des Jardins Traité Général D'Horticulture. Par Jh. Decaisne et CH. Naudin. (Illustré.) Tome Quatrième. Paris. De Candolle, Or. Cult. Plants Origin of Cultivated Plants. By Alphonse de Candolle. Geneva [Switzerland]: 1882. New York: 1885. Dochnahl, Führ. Obstkunde Der sichere Führer in der Obstkunde auf botanisch-pomologischen Wege oder Systematische Breschreibung aller Obstsorten. Von F. J. Dochnahl. Vier Bünde. Nürnberg: 1855-60. Volume 3, 1858. Cherries.
Downing, Fr. Trees Am. The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America: or the culture, propagation, and management, in the garden and orchard, of fruit trees generally; with Descriptions Of All The Finest Varieties Of Fruit, Native and Foreign, Cultivated In This Country. By A. J. Downing. (Illustrated.) New York & London: 1845. Copyright, 1845. Second edition, same text, with colored plates, 1847. First revision, by Charles Downing. New York: 1857. Copyright, 1857. Second revision, by Charles Downing. New York: 1869. First appendix, 1872. Second appendix, 1876. Third appendix, 1881. Duhamel, Trait. Arb. Fr. Traité Des Arbres Fruitiers; Contenant Leur Figure, Leur Description, Leur Culture, &c. Par M. Duhamel Du Monceau. (Illustré.) Tomes 1 et 2. Paris: 1768. Édition publié en 1872, en trois tomes. Nouvelle Édition en six tomes, 1807-1835. Elliott, Fr. Book Elliott's Fruit Book; or, the American Fruit-Grower's Guide in Orchard and Garden. By F. R. Elliott. (Illustrated.) New York: 1858. Copyright, 1854. Revised edition. 1859. Fish, Hardy-Fr. Bk. The Hardy-Fruit Book. By D. T. Fish. (Illustrated.) Two Volumes. London: probably 1882. Flor. & Pom. The Florist And Pomologist: A Pictorial Monthly Magazine of Flowers, Fruits, and General Horticulture. Conducted at first by Robert Hogg and John Spencer, later by Thomas Moore and William Paul. (Illustrated.) London: 1862-1884. Floy-Lindley, Guide Orch. Gard. A Guide to the Orchard And Fruit Garden or an account of the Most Valuable Fruits cultivated in Great Britain. By George Lindley; edited by John Lindley. American edition by Michael Floy. New York: 1833. New edition; with an Appendix. New York: 1846. Copyright, 1846. Forsyth, Treat. Fr. Trees A Treatise on the Culture and Management of Fruit Trees. By William Forsyth. London: 1802. Same with an Introduction and Notes, by William Corbett. Albany: 1803. Seventh edition [English] London: 1824. Gard. Chron. The Gardener's Chronicle. (Illustrated.) London: 1841 to date. Garden The Garden. (Illustrated.) London: 1872 to date. Gard. Mon. The Gardener's Monthly and Horticultural Advertiser. Edited by Thomas Meehan. (Illustrated.) Philadelphia: 1859-1887. Gaucher, Pom. Prak. Obst. Pomologie des Praktischen Obstbaumzüchters. Von N. Gaucher. (Illustrirt.) Stuttgart: 1894.