«Вишни Нью-Йорка»

black; flesh red, sugary, acidulated; matures the last of June to July. Said to be similar to May Duke. Everbearing. P. cerasus. 1. Okla. Sta. Bul. 2:13. 1892. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:276. 1903. Fruit large, roundish-oblate, somewhat compressed; stem long, inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; skin dull red to dark red when ripe; flesh quite tender, juicy, mildly acid; quality good. Excellente Douce Tardive. P. avium. 1. Ann. Pom. Belge 2:101, 102, Pl. 1854. This cherry was produced from seed, in France in 1839. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, flattened at the ends; stem long, stout, inserted in a deep, wide cavity; skin thin, glossy, deep red mottled with clear red changing to reddish-black, often yellowish-amber in the shade; flesh yellowish, melting, sugary, slightly acidulated; quality very good; pit small, yellowish, roundish, apex pointed; ripens in August. Eyami. P. pumila X P. triflora. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 108:1908. 2. Ibid. 130:179. 1911. Eyami is a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum and was sent out by the South Dakota Station in 1908. Fruit one and three-sixteenths by one and five-sixteenths inches in size, round; skin thin, dark red, semi-transparent; flesh green, pleasant; pit large. Ezaptan. P. pumila X P. triflora. 1. S. Dak. Sta. Bul. 130:180 Pl. 9, 181. 1911. Ezaptan, a cross between the Sand Cherry and the Occident plum, was introduced in 1911 by the South Dakota Station. It is remarkable for its early and heavy bearing; skin thin, free from acerbity, dark purple; flesh black purplish-red to the pit. Faversham Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 49. 1831. Mentioned in the reference given. Favorite. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 207 fig. 1854. Elliott's Favorite. 2. Horticulturist 2:124. 1847-48. 3. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 361. 1849. 4. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. Favorite is one of Professor J. P. Kirtland's cherries originating in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1842, from a pit of Yellow Spanish, probably crossed with Black Tartarian, Black Mazzard, or May Duke. The tree resembles American Heart while the fruit is similar to Choisy in flavor and texture but larger. Tree vigorous, half-spreading, productive; fruit medium in size, round, regular, slightly compressed; stem long, set in an even and regular cavity; skin pale amber-yellow, with a bright, marbled, carmine-red cheek; flesh pale amber, translucent, tender, delicate, juicy, with a sweet, fine flavor; pit small, angular, smooth. Festfleischige Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 35 fig., 36. 1867. Grosse dunkel braunrothe Kramelkirsche. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:3, Tab. 7 fig. 1. 1792. Grosse schwarze Knorpelkirsche mit festem Fleisch. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 193-195. 1819. Bigarreau-noir à chair très-ferme. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 189. 1876. This cherry has the hardest flesh of all the black, hard-fleshed cherries, differing from

the Grosse Schwarze Knorpelkirsche in its firmer flesh. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit rather large, plump, truncate at the apex, sides compressed; suture not prominent; stem stout, long, set in a variable cavity; skin tough, almost black at maturity; flesh very firm, juicy, colored, very sweet, although with a mixture of sourness; stone small, turgid, cordate, sides compressed, clinging; ripens late. Flagg. P. cerasus. 1. Cult. & Count. Gent. 41:502. 1876. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 164. 1881. Flagg was introduced by its originator, D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, as Wier's Early Kentish, a selected seedling of Early Richmond, hardier and ten days earlier. Tree slender, short-jointed, regularly conical, moderate in growth; at its best in high, dry, airy situations, with light soil; fruit medium in size, heart-shaped; skin black, firm; flesh tender, purplish-red, juicy, changing from a rich subacid to a very sweet, rich flavor; pit small; adapted to kitchen and table use. Flamentine. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 211-215. 1819. 2. Mas Le Verger 8:137, 138, fig. 67. 1866-73. Bigarreautier à petit fruit hâtif. 3. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:165, 166. 1768. Bigarreau à petit fruit blanc. 4. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 46. 1831. Early Guigne. 5. Prince Pom. Man. 2:111, 112. 1832. Early White Bigarreau. 6. Ibid. 2:129. 1832. Petite Bigarreau hâtif. 7. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:130, 131. 1866. Bigarreau Blanc (Petit). 8. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:182 fig., 183. 1877. Türkine? 9. Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift 121. 1910. This cherry probably originated more than a century ago in the vicinity of Angers, France. Names of wholly distinct varieties have sometimes been attached to it causing much confusion in the nomenclature. Tree strong, vigorous, productive; fruit usually in threes, above medium in size, obtuse-cordate, flattened at the base, compressed; suture often a line; stem long, almost stout, inserted in a deep, narrow cavity; skin thin, glossy, whitish-yellow, mottled with dark red; flesh yellowish-white, transparent, rather firm, juicy, aromatic, sugary; first quality; stone small, oval; ripens the middle of June. Flemish Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. A small, red, obtuse-cordate fruit of fair quality and tender flesh, ripening early in July. Fleurs Doubles. P. cerasus. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:174. 1768. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 49. 1831. Great rose. 3. Parkinson Par. Ter. 402, 574. 1629. Double Floured Cherry. 4. Gerarde Herball 1505 fig. 8. 1636. Bloem-kers double. 5. Knoop Fructologie 2:35, 38. 1771. Weichselbaum mit sehr gross gefüllter Blüthe. 6. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:5, Tab. 11 fig. 1. 1792. Glaskirsche mit dickgefüllter Blüthe. 7. Christ Handb. 680. 1797. Amarellenbaum mit ganz gefüllter Blüte. 8. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 640-644. 1819. Small Double Flowering. 9. Prince Treat. Hort. 31. 1828.

Dwarf Double Flowering. 10. Prince Pom. Man. 2:151, 152. 1832. Gefülltblühende Amarelle. 11. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:68. 1858. The tree of this variety, unlike many other double-flowering sorts, attains but moderate size, in many cases is but a bush or shrub. The blossoms are exceedingly double, very showy, with a slight tinge of pink on opening, the blooming season extending over three or four weeks. Frequently the blossoms have small leaflets intermingled with the petals, while often a smaller flower appears to rise out of the center of another. The trees very seldom, if ever, bear. Truchsess reports having fruited it twice in ten years. The early English writers make brief mention of several double-flowering sorts which have been included under this variety. Fleurs Semi-doubles. P. cerasus. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:173, Pl. V. 1768. 2. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 49. 1831. Lesser rose. 3. Parkinson Par. Ter. 402, 574. 1629. Red-flowered. 4. Ray Hist. Plant. 1538. 1688. Bloem-kers double. 5. Knoop Fructologie 2:35, 38. 1771. Gefüllter Kirschbaume. 6. Krünitz Enc. 43, 44. 1790. Weichsel mit halbgefüllter Blüthe. 7. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:9, Tab. 21 fig. 1. 1792. Glaskirsche mit halbgefüllter Blüthe. 8. Christ Handb. 680. 1797. Gedoppelte Amarelle mit halbgefüllter Blüte. 9. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 646-649. 1819. Halbgefülltblühende Amarelle. 10. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:68. 1858. Amarelle mit halbgefüllter Blüthe. 11. Ill. Handb. 93 fig., 94. 1867. The home of this cherry is not known, it having been greatly confused with other double-flowering sorts. The flowers have a double row of from fifteen to twenty petals and often have two pistils, especially on the older trees. These generally bear twin-fruits though often the pistils are changed into small, green leaves, in which case the flowers are neither large nor attractive. The tree is of the Amarelle type, small, blooming profusely; fruit moderately round, compressed on one side with a shallow suture; stem long, stout; cavity wide; skin clear red, becoming darker and flecked with brown; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, sweet, pleasing, subacid at first; stone oval, bluntly pointed, often small and round, free when fully ripe; ripens the middle of July. Florianer Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:34. 1858. A productive seedling Bigarreau of medium size, elongated, angular; stem short, stout; skin black; flesh sweet, aromatic; second quality; ripens at the end of June. Folgerkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 283. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 415-419. 1819. Holländische Folgerkirsche incor. 3. Christ Handb. 673. 1797. Cerise de Folger. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:158, 209. 1866. A few authors describe this cherry as Volgers; the Volger described by Knoop in 1771, however, is a distinct variety. Duhamel's variety, Cerise-Guigne, is possibly the same. Fruit large, roundish, truncate at the base, in unfavorable seasons the apex and sides are strongly compressed, with a noticeable suture; stem stout, long, set in a wide cavity; skin deep reddish-purple, glossy, tender; flesh delicate, sweet with a piquant taste; stone small, turgid, roundish-oval.

Folgers Swolfe. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 292. 1802. According to Christ, Salzman says that in Holland several Sour Cherries were known as Folgers. This is a large, black, pleasant subacid fruit with a very characteristic growth. Fouche Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Am. Gard. 9:264. 1888. 2. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:75. 1903. This variety is said to have been imported by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa, from Riga, Russia, where it was found planted along walks and drives. Tree rather small; fruit small, roundish-oblate; cavity shallow, broad; stem slender, rather long; suture a line; skin thin, rather tough, dark red changing to crimson; flesh firm, breaking, juicy, colored, sprightly subacid; quality fair; stone nearly round, of medium size; ripens early in July. Frauendorfer. P. cerasus. 1. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:125. 1900. Frauendorfer Weichsel. 2. Ill. Handb. 513 fig., 514. 1861. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 103. 1886-87. Griotte de Frauendorf. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 22, 194. 1876. This variety was imported into this country by Professor J. L. Budd in 1883 from North Silesia. The Montreal Horticultural Society believes two forms exist, one from North Silesia being perfectly hardy while another from Metz, Germany, is far less so. Tree productive; branches drooping; fruit above medium in size, roundish-oblate; suture shallow; stem long; cavity small; skin thin, glossy, dark red at maturity; flesh tender, tinted with abundant, uncolored juice, acidulated; stone large; matures the last of June and the first of July. French Amarelle. P. cerasus. 1. Rural N. Y. 49:453. 1890. Trees thrifty and tall but set fruit sparingly; fruit large, yellow with a blush, two weeks later than Early Richmond. French Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Tex. Sta. Bul. 16:99. 1891. In the reference this cherry is listed as a Russian variety introduced by Professor J. L. Budd. If so, it was probably under some other name, as it seems not to be mentioned by Budd. Frogmore Early Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Gard. Chron. 606. 1865. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 298. 1884. 3. Flor. & Pom. 148 fig. 1867. 4. Bunyard-Thomas Fr. Gard. 43. 1904. Frogmore Early Prolific. 5. Daniels Bros. Cat. 51. 1895. Frogmore Bigarreau. 6. Agr. Gaz. N. S. Wales. 998. 1908. Unlike the rest of its class, this cherry has tender flesh but is a Bigarreau in tree-habit, leaf and in appearance of fruit, and is therefore classified as such. The variety is a seedling raised by Thomas Ingram of the Frogmore Royal Gardens at Windsor, Berkshire, England. Tree bears freely in clusters; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed, with a faint suture; stem long, set in a small cavity; skin waxen, orange-yellow, with a network of red and a blush of deeper red on the sunny side; flesh of a primrose color, very tender, translucent, rich, sweet; stone spoon-shaped, indented on one side; season early but short. Frogmore Early Crown. Species? 1. Gard. Chron. 364. 1866. Also a seedling from Mr. Ingram. It is a small, red fruit about ten days earlier than May Duke, of a rich flavor when fully ripe.

Frogmore Late Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Flor. & Pom. 229, Pl. fig. 1. 1874. 2. Guide Prat. 15. 1895. Still another seedling raised by Ingram of the Frogmore Royal Gardens. Fruit large, bluntly heart-shaped, hanging long without cracking; suture slight; stem very long; skin pale, waxy-yellow, bright red on the sunny side; flesh tender, juicy; season very late. Frogmore Morrelo. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876. New Frogmore Morello. 2. McIntosh Bk. Gard. 2:543. 1885. This variety attracted notice on account of the perfection to which it had been brought in the Royal Gardens at Frogmore, Berkshire, England, where it is believed to have originated. For productiveness and size it is said to far surpass the old Morello. Fromm Heart. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 63 fig., 64. 1860. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:68, 69 fig., 70. 1866. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:322, 323 fig. 1877. 4. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 549. 1901. Fromms Schwarze Herzkirsche. 5. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 164, 674. 1819. 6. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 150, 151. 1825. Fromm Heart was obtained from seed in 1806 by Fromm, at Guben, Prussia, Germany. In sandy soils and favorable years the trees are very productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, above medium in size, truncate-cordate, sides compressed; suture shallow; stem of single fruits long, stout, inserted in a wide, deep cavity; skin dark reddish-brown to glossy black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, sugary, pleasingly acidulated, aromatic; second quality; pit medium in size, turgid, roundish; ripens the third week of the cherry season. Frühe bunte Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 222, 223, 224. 1819. Frühe Lange Weisse Herzkirsche. 2. Christ Wörterb. 278. 1802. Guigne panachée longue précoce. 3. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 199. 1876. This cherry is easily recognized by its elongated, cylindrical form and should not be confused with several others of similar type. It was found near Weinberge, Germany, by Büttner who sent it to Truchsess in 1797. Fruit medium in size, cylindrical, flattened on both sides, slightly drawn in at the apex and base; suture distinct on one side; stem long, inserted in a shallow cavity; skin yellow, blushed and faintly splashed with red where exposed; flesh pale yellow with a slight red tinge underneath the skin, moderately firm, juicy, without much sweetness; stone small, elongated, pointed at the apex; ripens early. Frühe Kurzstielige Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907. Mentioned as a black, hard-fleshed cherry. Frühe Maikirsche. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 391-394. 1819. Frühe Maikirsche differs from May Duke in being darker of skin and juice, smaller in size, sweeter, and less distinct in suture. Frühe Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Ill. Handb. 185 fig., 186. 1860. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:306. 1866. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:47, 48 fig. 24. 1882. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 349. 1889. An old variety of uncertain origin. Tree large, spreading; fruit often large, roundish, flattened; suture indistinct; stem slender, shallowly inserted; skin tender, nearly black

when mature; flesh tender, juicy, dark red, acidulated; stone round, plump; ripens the first of June in France. Frühe Sauerkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 554, 555. 1819. This cherry is thought to be a sub-variety of Kirsche von der Natte. Tree medium in growth; branches slender; fruit medium in size, round, sides compressed; stem long; cavity shallow; skin tough, black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, sour, without a trace of sweetness; ripens the middle of July. Frühe Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 277. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 197, 198, 674, 675. 1819. Obtained by Büttner in 1797 who later sent it to Truchsess. Tree productive; fruit small, roundish-cordate, compressed; suture distinct; stem of medium length; skin glossy, reddish-black deepening to black; flesh hard, reddish-black, juicy, sweet, with a slight bitterness; stone ovate, rather large; ripens the first half of July. Frühe von der Natte. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Ill. Handb. 153 fig., 154. 1860. Frühe Natte aus Samen. 2. Christ Handb. 671. 1797. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 413, 414, 415. 1819. Frühe Süssweichsel von der Natt. 4. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:49. 1858. Hâtive de Nattes. 5. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:158, 304. 1866. Natte hâtive de semis. 6. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Christ received this cherry in 1793, as Frühe von der Natte aus Saamen. Fruit above medium in size, cordate, flattened on one side; suture distinct; stem long, often dividing about an inch down into two, three, or four stems; apex depressed; skin glossy, dark brown when ripe; flesh dark red, soft, tender, juicy, refreshing, subacid; stone medium, oval; ripens early. Früher Gobet. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 619-621. 1819. Gobet Hâtif. 2. Mas Le Verger 8:125, 126, fig. 61. 1866-73. Truchsess received this variety from Mayer as Gros Gobet which it resembles very closely in size, form, and flavor but is much earlier and not as flattened. Fruit of medium size, flattened; suture but a line; stem one inch long, often shorter, straight; cavity shallow; color clear red, becoming darker; flesh whitish with a reddish cast, tender, juicy, pleasingly acid; stone small, round, free but hanging to the stem. Früheste Bunte Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 207-210. 1819. Weiss und rothe grosse Herzkirsche. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:2, Tab. 3 fig. 1. 1792. 3. Christ Wörterb. 277. 1802. Frühkirsche? 4. Christ Handb. 672. 1797. Früheste bunte Molkenkirsche. 5. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:26. 1858. Guigne panachée très-précoce. 6. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:302. 1866. 7. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:13, 14, fig. 7. 1882. The origin of this variety is unknown although it probably originated in Austria, as the celebrated Austrian pomologist, Kraft, was the first to mention it. Tree vigorous and in favorable seasons productive; fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate, compressed, with a suture; stem medium, set in a deep, narrow cavity; skin tender, yellowish-white,

striped with red around the base, spotted about the apex; flesh yellowish-white, with clear juice, sweet, pleasing, deteriorates on hanging; stone small, oval-cordate, clinging; ripens the last of May. Früheste der Mark. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 350. 1889. 2. Lucas Handb. Obst. 121. 1893. 3. Lange Allgem. Garten. 440. 1897. Fruit medium to above, truncate-cordate; stem very long, slender, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin purplish, glossy; flesh reddish, firm, pleasing; ripens early. Fürst Schwarze Septemberkirsche. P. avium. 1. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 153. 1825. Discovered by Liegel in Braunau, Bohemia, Austria, and named for his friend I. E. Fürst. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit small, oblate; stem very long; skin black; flesh firm, sweet, aromatic; stone large; one of the last to ripen, September to October. Galusha. P. cerasus. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 165. 1881. This cherry is seedling No. 11 from D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois. Tree hardy, vigorous, an abundant bearer; fruit above medium in size, light red changing to a very dark, bright red; subacid becoming a rich sweet; ripens three days before Early Richmond. Gamdale. Species? 1. Horticulturist 17:498. 1862. A cherry described by E. Manning, Harrisburg, Ohio, as of second rank in size and quality. Garcine. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:75 fig., 76, 77. 1866. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 24, 198. 1876. Garcine was obtained from seed about 1808 by M. Garcine, near Grenoble, Isère, France. It is propagated in that locality by suckers, hence it was called by some, Aventurière. Tree pyramidal, productive; fruit large, oblate, ends drawn in and flattened, sides convex; stem long, inserted in a large, deep cavity; skin glossy black; flesh dark, firm, sugary, aromatic, juicy; stone large, turgid; ripens the middle of June. Gardiner. P. avium. 1. Me. Sta. An. Rpt. 22:175. 1906. Gardiner is a seedling of Black Tartarian. It is frequently killed back by severe winters in Maine. Gaskins. Species? 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 298. 1884. Gaskins is a corruption of Gascoignes. About Rye, Sussex, England, the name is still in general use, the people believing the variety was brought from Gascony, France. Gauchers Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 56. 1907. Listed in this reference. Geer. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 156. 1897. Geer is a new cherry from eastern Oregon said to be later than Napoleon and to surpass it in size and quality. Gelbe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Obstbäume 161. 1791. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 342-349. 1819. Grosser weisser glänzender Herzkirschbaum. 3. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:2, Tab. 4 fig. 1. 1792. Guigne Jaune. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:99, 303. 1866. Guigne Grosse ambrée. 5. Le Bon Jard. 345. 1882. First mentioned in 1786 as Gelbe or Weisse Herzkirsche. It is distinguished from

Goldgelbe Herzkirsche through its cordate form, lighter color and earlier ripening. Fruit above medium in size, borne in twos and threes, cordate, sides compressed; suture shallow; stem long, slender, slightly inserted; skin pale yellow, glossy, tough, adherent, blushed with red on the sides; flesh clear, not tender, juicy, acidulated; stone free, small, elongated-cordate; ripens in July. Gelbe Wachskirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 355, 685, 686. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:33. 1858. An unproductive seedling from the North Sea, ripening later than Gelbe Herzkirsche which it resembles. Fruit medium in size, round, flattened; stem long; skin glossy, clear waxy-yellow, transparent; flesh yellowish, firm, moderately sweet, without aroma; ripens from the middle to the end of July. Gemeine Glaskirsche. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 292. 1802. This is a well-known Duke cherry in Germany. Tree large; fruit large, almost round; skin clear, light red on a yellow ground; flesh melting, with uncolored juice, pleasant sourness; ripens early in July and lasts a long while. Genesee. P. avium. A chance seedling of the Bigarreau type originating about twenty-five years ago and recently introduced by J. A. Morgan of Scottsville, New York. The fruit is above medium in size, cordate, compressed; cavity shallow, wide, flaring; suture a line; apex roundish; stem slender, long; skin medium thick, tender, adherent, dark red mottled with amber; dots numerous, small, obscure; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, meaty, crisp, mild, sweet; quality good; stone clinging, medium, ovate, flattened, smooth, slightly tinged red; use late market. German. P. avium. 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 169:199. 1899. German (Kraus). 2. Ibid. 143:181. 1897. German is said to have been introduced into Michigan from New York. Tree vigorous, though not productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate; stem long, slender, set in a broad, moderately deep cavity; color very dark red, nearly black; flesh firm, red, sweet, slightly bitter, with dark juice; ripens early in July. German Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:147. 1832. Griotte d'Allemagne. 2. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:192, 193, Pl. XIV. 1768. 3. Christ Obstbäume 159. 1791. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:276, 277 fig. 1877. Deutscher Griottier Weichselbaum. 5. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:6, Tab. 16 fig. 2. 1792. Deutsche Griotte. 6. Christ Handb. 675. 1797. 7. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 569, 570, 571. 1819. Grosse Deutsche Belzkirsche. 8. Ibid. 421. 1819. Griotte de Chaux. 9. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. German Duke. 10. Kenrick Am. Orch. 280. 1832. Deutsche Weichsel. 11. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:62. 1858. Süssweichsel von Chaux. 12. Ill. Handb. 71 fig., 72. 1867. De Chaux. 13. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 478. 1869. Cerise d'Allemagne. 14. Le Bon Jard. 346. 1882. This old variety is badly confused with other cherries and its origin is uncertain.

Fruit large, roundish-oblate; stem long, slender; cavity deep, wide; skin glossy, tough, brownish, almost black; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, with pleasing acidity, sweet if in a dry, warm soil; stone large, oval-pointed; ripens the middle of July; productive. Germersdorf. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:60. 1900. Bigarreau noir de Germersdorf. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 22, 189. 1876. Germersdorfer Grosse Kirsche. 3. Lauche Deut. Pom. III: No. 7, Pl. 1882. A seedling of German origin. Tree large, vigorous, productive; fruit very large, roundish-cordate; suture distinct; stem medium, set in a deep, wide cavity; skin dark brown with dark spots and streaks; flesh rather firm, light red, juice tinted, sweet, pleasingly acidulated; stone of medium size, oval; ripens the fifth week of the season. Geschiltztblättrige Süssweichsel. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:47. 1858. An ornamental cherry distinguished from May Duke through its smaller fruit and laciniated leaves. Gestriefte Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 259, 260. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:30. 1858. Fruit cordate; stem long, slender, set in a shallow cavity; skin thin, tender, white, streaked with red, which, if allowed to remain on the tree, becomes nearly solid red; flesh tender, soft, fibrous under the skin, juicy, colorless, honey-sweet, refreshing; ripens in July lasting about three weeks. Gewöhnliche Muskatellerkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Handb. 672. 1797. Fruit smaller than that of the Black or Red Muskateller, roundish, very dark brown, almost black; flesh red, pleasant subacid; ripens at the end of June. Giant. P. avium. 1. Burbank Cat. 8. 1914. Giant was grown in 1900 by Luther Burbank and introduced by The Luther Burbank Company in 1914. It is claimed by its introducer that it is the largest cherry grown. Tree rapid in growth, with large and heavy foliage; fruit glossy black, rich, sweet, delicious; ripens in California about June 20th. Gibb. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 2:39. 1888. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 79. 1890. 3. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:17. 1910. Gibb was imported from Orel, Central Russia, without a name. It is much like Brusseler Braune in tree, fruit, and in habit of bearing a double crop of blossoms and fruit, but is hardier. Fruit large, roundish-cordate; stem stout; skin thick, tender, dark crimson changing to purplish-red; flesh dark red, meaty; quality good; stone large, oblong; ripens the last of July to early August. Gifford. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 270. 1857. Fruit small, light red, roundish-cordate, very sweet; productive; season the last of June. Glasherzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 246-248. 1819.

Grosse Glas-Herzkirsche. 2. Christ Wörterb. 281. 1802. Glas-Molkenkirsche. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:30, 31. 1858. This cherry differs from others of its class in being rounder, darker, and later. Fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, convex on one side, compressed on the other, with a shallow suture; stem long, slender, shallowly inserted; skin mingled with dull red and

clear white, often streaked; flesh yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, but not high; stone large, acutely pointed; ripens the middle of July. Glaskirsche von der Natte. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 470-473, 689. 1819. According to Truchsess this variety is very similar to, and often taken for Double Natte, Frühe von der Natte, and Double Glass. Glasskirsche Kurzstielige. P. avium. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 331. 1885. This Sweet Cherry is supposed to have come from Vilna, Russia. Gloire de France. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 26, 194. 1876. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:271, 272 fig. 1877. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 3rd App. 162. 1881. Bonnemain. 4. Guide Prat. 9, 184. 1895. Originated from seed by Auguste Bonnemain, Etamps, Seine-et-Oise, France, fruiting in 1845 for the first time. On Mazzard stock the tree never reaches full size but on Mahaleb it grows large and regular and is more globular in form. At best it is only moderately productive. Fruit borne in threes, medium in size, roundish-oblate, somewhat depressed; suture broad, shallow, often indistinct; apex rather large, slightly depressed; stem short, thick, inserted in a wide cavity; skin a reddish-brick color, occasionally mottled with greenish-brown in the shade and red on the sunny side; flesh pale red, grayish, transparent, rather tender and fibrous, with abundant juice, sprightly acidulated, agreeable; pit of medium size, roundish-oval, convex; season the first of July. Golden Knob. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. Golden Knob is a worthless, medium-sized, oval cherry ripening the middle of July; skin yellow and flesh firm. Goldgelbe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 350-354. 1819. Kleine Ambra, [or] Goldgelber Herzkirschbaum. 2. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:2, Tab. 4 fig. 2. 1792. Kleine Ambra. 3. Christ Handb. 665. 1797. Distinguished from other yellow Heart cherries by its round form, dark yellow color, and rather firm flesh. Fruit of medium size, roundish; suture a line; stem very long, slender, deeply inserted; skin thin, tough, readily removed, transparent, glossy, golden-yellow; flesh moderately tender, yellowish, with darker spots showing through the skin, very juicy, with a pleasing sweetness when ripe; stone of medium size, oval, slightly adherent; ripens the last of June. Goldsmith Black Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831. Mentioned but not described in this reference. Goodspeed. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:70. 1903. Goodspeed is of the Montmorency type ripening just after Early Richmond. The trees are long-lived and regular bearers. Fruit of medium size, oblate, slightly cordate; cavity deep, broad; suture shallow; stem short, stout; skin thin, tender, dark red; flesh moderately firm, tender, with uncolored juice, slightly subacid; quality good; stone free, of medium size, roundish-ovate. Gormley. Species? 1. Can. Hort. 20:317. 1897. 2. Ibid. 21:297. 1897. This hardy seedling, now about twenty-five years old, was found by John Gormley

of Pickering, Canada. It resembles Montmorency in color, English Morello in shape, and a Bigarreau in texture. Its firm, yellowish flesh parts readily from the pit. Gottorper. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 289, 290, 291. 1819. 2. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 159. 1825. Gottorper Marmorkirsche. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:41. 1858. Cerise de Gottorpe. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:117-119. 1866. Originated in the vicinity of Coburg, Germany, toward the latter part of the Eighteenth Century. It resembles Yellow Spanish. Tree above medium in size, very productive; fruit abruptly cordate to roundish; stem short, slender; cavity shallow; skin tough, red, mottled with yellow; flesh yellowish-white, not very firm, juicy, usually very sweet, slightly aromatic; stone small, oblate, free; ripens the fourth week of the cherry season; cracks in the rain when nearly mature; excellent for home use. Gould No. X. Species? 1. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 211. 1896. Reported by the Illinois Horticultural Society in 1896. Governor Luce. Species? 1. Mich. Sta. Bul. 143:181. 1897. Listed as growing at the Michigan Station. Grafenburger Frühkirsche. Species? 1. Reut. Pom. Inst. Festschrift 121. 1910. A very productive, strong-growing cherry recommended for table and market use; fruit large, truncate-cordate, red, early. Graham. P. avium. 1. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:28. 1910. The Washington Experiment Station lists this variety as: Tree of medium size, upright, with abundant foliage; fruit small, round; skin thin, tender, dark red; flesh light red, juicy, rich, sweet; good; season the last of July; productive. Grande Ronde. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 156. 1897. A new, early, large, black cherry recommended in eastern Oregon; ships well. Great Bearing. P. cerasus. 1. Rea Flora 205. 1676. Fruit large, blackish-red on the outer side when ripe, blood-red within. Ripens late, with a sharp taste; bears well. Great Leafed. Species? 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 571. 1629. This is a variety with very large leaves; relatively unproductive, bearing pale red fruit of only medium size. Gridley. P. cerasus. 1. Prince Pom. Man. 2:123, 124. 1832. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 187. 1845. 3. Gard. Mon. 11:219. 1869. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 12. 1871. Apple. 5. Cole Am. Fr. Book 234. 1849. This variety was discovered by William Maccarty about the beginning of the Nineteenth Century, growing in the garden of Deacon Samuel Gridley, Roxbury, Massachusetts. For a good many years it was considered a valuable cherry but later was supplanted by better sorts. Tree upright, vigorous, very productive; fruit medium in size, roundish; stem short; color black; flesh firm, purplish-red, medium juicy, sprightly, rather acid at first becoming milder when fully ripe; stone small; matures in mid-season. Grenner Glas. P. cerasus. 1. Ont. Dept. Agr. Fr. Ont. 94. 1914. Tree upright, vigorous, moderately productive; fruit borne in clusters, large, oblate, one-sided; suture distinct on one side; stem long; cavity broad, shallow; apex a small

depression; skin bright red; flesh yellowish, tender, very juicy, tart; quality good; season the middle of July. Griotte Acher. P. cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:275 fig., 276. 1877. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:67, 68, fig. 34. 1882. 3. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 482. 1904. Griotte Double. 4. Knoop Fructologie 2:35, 38, 39. 1771. Acher's Weichsel. 5. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 332. 1889. The origin of Griotte Acher is not known but it may have sprung up by chance in Holland a century and a half ago. Tree medium in growth, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, medium to large, flattened heart-shaped with truncate sides; cavity narrow; suture distinct; stem variable, usually long, medium thick; skin rather firm, vivid purple shading to almost purplish-black; flesh tender, slightly stringy, reddish-purple, medium sweet, somewhat pleasing because of a slight tart, acid flavor, with abundant, violet juice; stone medium in size, ovoid, truncate at the base, turgid; ripens the last of July and the first of August. Griotte de Büttner. P. cerasus. 1. Am. Gard. 9:264. 1888. A dwarf sort that blossoms and ripens late; much like Imperial Morello. Griotte Commune. P. cerasus. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:508. 1860. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 26, 194. 1876. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:282 fig., 283. 1877. Griotte. 4. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:187-189, Pl. XII. 1768. 5. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 431, 432. 1819. Griotte simple. 6. Knoop Fructologie 2:36, 39. 1771. Griottier Weichselbaum. 7. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:6, Tab. 15 fig. 2. 1792. Common French Griotte. 8. Prince Pom. Man. 2:148. 1832. Gemeine Süssweichsel.. 9. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:49. 1858. Cerise Commune. 10. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:146 fig., 147, 148, 220. 1866. The origin of this variety is unknown but according to French writers it was brought from Syria by the Crusaders about 1485. Tree large, productive; fruit medium in size, usually borne in pairs, distinguished from others of its class by its firm flesh, its black skin, and its colored juice, oblate, flattened at the base; suture slight; stem long, rather stout, set in a broad, shallow cavity; skin thin, glossy, dark red, changing to black; flesh colored, firm, vinous, aromatic, juicy; first quality; pit small, turgid, round; ripens the first of July. Griotte Douce Précoce. P. cerasus. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:35, 39. 1771. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 21, 194. 1876. 3. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:118. 1900. Süsse Frühweichsel. 4. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 170. 1825. 5. Ill. Handb. 183 fig., 184. 1860. Liegel's Süsse Frühweichsel. 6. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:58. 1858. This variety is often confused with Süsse Frühweichsel. The two are distinct, however, in that the latter has light colored flesh while the former is a dark fleshed sort. Tree vigorous, drooping, productive; fruit often borne in twos or threes, of medium size, roundish, compressed; suture shallow; stem rather slender, variable, medium to above in length, inserted in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin dark brownish-red changing to reddish-black; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, subacid, becoming milder at maturity; stone small, roundish; ripens the forepart of June.

Griotte de Kleparow. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:186 fig., 187, 221. 1866. Polnische grosse Weichsel. 3. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:8, Tab. 20 fig. 2. 1792. Pohlnische Kirsche. 4. Christ Handb. 682. 1797. Polnische Weichsel. 5. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:60. 1858. Kleparower Süssweichsel. 6. Ill. Handb. 69 fig., 70. 1867. Kleparavoska. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 75. 1883. Griotte Kleparite. 8. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:277. 1903. 9. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:71 fig. 1903. Budd found this variety very hardy about Galicia, Austria, and Warsaw, Russia, and imported it for central and southern Iowa. It is grown from seed in the forests of Poland. The Griotte Kleparite of Budd-Hansen is probably the same variety. Tree strong in growth, large, productive; fruit of medium size, generally attached in pairs, roundish-cordate, sides often compressed; suture shallow, often a line; stem long, slender, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin tough, clinging to the flesh, glossy, dark brownish-red, deep black when ripe; flesh tender, fibrous, lightly colored, juicy, acid, although sugary, aromatic; quality fair; pit small, turgid, almost spherical; ripens the last of July. Griotte Lodigiana. P. cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:290, 291 fig. 1877. Introduced into France from Florence, Italy, by Leroy about 1864. Fruit of medium size, globular, compressed at the ends; stem of medium length, inserted in a wide cavity; apex depressed; skin deep red; flesh pale yellow, tender, slightly fibrous, juicy, very sugary, slightly acidulated; second quality; stone of medium size, round, turgid; ripens the last of June. Griotte Noire. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 26. 1876. Listed as a large, blackish-red, acidulated fruit, ripening in July. Griotte Noire de Piémont. P. cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:294, 295 fig. 1877. Griotte à gros fruit noir de Piémont. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 26. 1876. This variety, probably from Piedmont, Italy, was received by Leroy in 1864. Fruit generally borne in pairs, above medium in size, globular, compressed at the ends; suture indistinct; stem long, set in a deep cavity; skin uniformly blackish-red; flesh tender, reddish, very juicy, acidulated, slightly sweet; quality fair; stone of medium size, roundish-oval, swollen; ripens the middle of June. Griotte du Nord Améliorée. P. cerasus. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. Mentioned as possibly larger and better than Griotte du Nord. Griotte à Petit Fruit. P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. Listed in the reference given. Griotte Précoce. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 329. 1885. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:277. 1903. According to the first reference, this variety was brought into Spain from Central Asia and was known in parts of Europe as "Early Spanish." It was imported to America from Russia. Tree hardy; fruit large, flattened; suture distinct; stem medium in size, curved, set in a deep cavity; skin bright, glossy red; flesh soft, breaking, uncolored; quality very good; ripens the middle of June.

Griotte Rouge de Piémont. P. cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:303 fig., 304, 385. 1877. Griotte à gros fruit rouge de Piémont. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 26. 1876. According to Leroy, it is not at all improbable that this cherry is the one spoken of by Pliny under the name, "Apronian." Fruit attached in pairs, above medium in size, globular, compressed at the ends; suture indistinct; stem short, stout, set in a small cavity; skin lively red; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, acidulated, somewhat bitter yet sugary; second quality; stone of medium size, roundish-oval, swollen; ripens the last of June. Griotte de Schaarbeck. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 353. 1889. Mentioned in this reference. Griotte Tardive d'Annecy. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882. Listed in this reference. Griotte Tardive de Plombières P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 503. 1888. This variety is recommended because of its lateness but it remains a local variety, little known outside of Plombières, Vosges, France, where it was found. Fruit oval-cordate, elongated at the apex; skin glossy, brownish at complete maturity; flesh firm, adherent to the stone, whitish-gray, very sweet, agreeable; pit cordate; ripens the last of August, remaining on the tree during September. Griotte de Toscane. P. cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:304, 305 fig., 396. 1877. Leroy brought this cherry from Florence, Italy, to France about 1864. Fruit globular, more or less compressed at the ends; suture very shallow; stem long, set in a pronounced cavity; skin intense red changing to blackish; flesh of a garnet color, tender, juicy, sugary, slightly bitter; second quality; stone of medium size, round, turgid; ripens in early July. Griotte de Turquie. P. avium X P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 51. 1831. Fruit large, round, red; flesh tender, ripens early in July. Similar to Choisy. Griottier à Feuilles Cucullées. P. cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:267, 286 fig., 287. 1877. Cerisier cuculle? 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882. Originated at Tours, Inde-et-Loire, France. Its only point of merit is in its cucullated foliage. Fruit small, globular, compressed at the ends; suture imperceptible; stem short; cavity variable; skin almost clear red; flesh tender, light rose-colored, juicy, acidulated, mildly sweet; quality hardly fair; pit very small, round, more or less swollen; ripens at the end of June. Griottier à Fruit Aigre. P. cerasus. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:508. 1860. Tree of medium size, rather vigorous; fruit small, oval-roundish, blackish; flesh tender, juicy; mediocre quality; ripens in September and October in France. Griottier à Longues Feuilles. P. cerasus. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:291, 292 fig. 1877. Leroy grew this cherry as early as 1845 but did not know its origin. Fruit above medium in size, globular, slightly compressed at the ends; stem very short, inserted in a pronounced cavity; skin deep red, with gray dots; flesh tender, fibrous, yellowish-white, juicy, acidulated, slightly sweet, agreeable; second quality; stone of medium size, roundish-oval, turgid; ripens the first of July. Groll Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 354. 1889. Listed in the reference given.

Gros Bigarreau Rond. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:114, 208. 1866. Fruit large, even, roundish, though often larger and less flattened than Bigarreau d'Italie; stem medium in length; color becoming black; flesh red, firm, sweet, pleasing; pit small and slightly elongated; ripens the last of May. Gros Guindoul Hâtif. P. cerasus. 1. Rev. Hort. 335. 1870-71. Tree large; fruit of first size, superior quality, large, dark red, juicy, sprightly; ripens in June-July. Grosse Blanche Carrée. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 9:204. 1843. A firm, red, heart-shaped cherry of second size and quality, used principally for the table, ripening in July. Grosse Bunte Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 226, 227, 228. 1819. Weiss Herzkirsche. 2. Christ Obstbäume 161. 1791. Grosse bunte Molkenkirsche. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:28. 1858. This cherry is distinguished from others of its class by its peculiar coloring. At one time it was recommended because of its size, flavor, and length of season. Fruit large, thick at the base, both sides compressed and marked by a suture; stem long, slender, set in a shallow opening; ground color a dingy pale yellow more or less covered with red; flesh tender, melting, pleasing; ripens at the end of June. Grosse Friedrichskirsche. Species? 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:39. 1858. Fruit large, compressed, roundish-cordate, pale yellow, washed with crimson; flesh slightly aromatic; ripens the end of June; productive. Grosse Glaskirsche. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Krünitz Enc. 57, 58. 1790. 2. Christ Wörterb. 292. 1802. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 473-475. 1819. Grosse Cerise Transparente. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:172-175, fig. 1866. 5. Guide Prat. 18, 190. 1895. Through an error which he later rectified, Truchsess described the Double Glass as this variety. This cherry differs in having a shorter stem, larger size and in ripening later. Fruit very large, almost round, flattened at the ends, depressed at the apex; stem stout, short, inserted in a large cavity; skin glossy, becoming dark red; flesh pale yellowish, melting, juicy, mild yet with a piquant, pleasing sourness; stone roundish, turgid, clinging to the flesh more than to the stem; ripens in August. Grosse Gomballoise. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:150, 151. 1882. Bigarreau Grosse Gomballoise. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895. Fruit large to very large, thickly cordate, often elongated, truncate at the ends; suture deep, but a colored line on one side; stem long, stout, set in a large, deep cavity; skin thick, firm, intense purple changing to almost black; flesh purple, firm, juicy, sugary, vinous, aromatic; pit of medium size; ripens at the end of June. Grosse Guigne Blanche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 258. 1819. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:315, 316 fig. 1877. Guigne a gros fruit blanc. 3. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 1:161, Pl. 1 fig. 3. 1768. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:98, 99. 1866. Kleine weisse Frühkirsche. 5. Christ Wörterb. 278. 1802.

Guigne Blanche. 6. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 51. 1831. 7. Pom. France 7:No. 20, Pl. 20. 1871. Early White Guigne. 8. Prince Pom. Man. 2:112. 1832. White Heart. 9. Floy-Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 107. 1846. An old variety, probably of French origin, which, according to Leroy, was described by Merlet in 1667. Fruit large, attached in pairs, cordate, slightly elongated; stem medium in length, set in a wide cavity; skin dull yellow, tinged and mottled with dull red; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, slightly acidulated; quality fair, insipid in wet seasons; stone large, ovoid, clinging; ripens the last of June. Grosse Guigne Noire à Court Pédicelle. P. avium. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:503. 1860. Guignier à Gros Fruit Noir et Court Pédoncule. 2. Pom. France 7:No. 28, Pl. 28. 1871. An old variety of uncertain origin. Fruit large, roundish-cordate; suture broad; stem short, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin tender but firm, beautiful black at maturity; flesh soft, juicy, agreeable; quality good; stone of medium size, oval, reddish; ripens the last of June. Grosse Höckerige Marmorkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:42. 1858. Fruit very large, uneven, roughened, dark red; flesh hard, rather sweet; ripens at the end of July; not very productive. Grosse Mogulkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Obstbäume 160. 1791. Fruit large, cordate, red, dotted here and there with white; flesh mild; excellent; pit small. Grosse Morelle. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 284. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 545-548. 1819. Grosse Morelle double? 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Fruit large, globular; stem medium in length, slender, set in a smooth cavity; skin glossy, smooth, inky-black; flesh blood-red, veined, juicy, wine-sour, not unpleasant; stone of medium size, blood-red; ripens from the end of June to July; often dried. Grosse Nonnenkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 287. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 517, 518, 519. 1819. Varrenne, De. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 56. 1831. Grosse Cerise des Religieuses. 4. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:97, 98, fig. 49. 1882. Probably of French origin. Tree moderately productive; fruit of medium size, round, sides unevenly compressed, with a shallow suture; stem long, set in a wide cavity; skin brownish-black, glossy; flesh tender, colored, juicy, subacid; stone small, very broad, clinging to the stem; ripens the middle of July. Grosse Picarde. P. cerasus. The United States Department of Agriculture received this variety from F. Jamin, Bourg-la-Reine, France, in 1905, after which trees were sent to this Station for testing. Tree vigorous, rapid in growth; fruit of the Montmorency type, above medium in size, roundish-cordate, slightly compressed; cavity intermediate in depth and width, abrupt; suture a line; apex roundish; stem slender, long; skin moderately thick, tough, separating

readily from the pulp, very dark red; dots numerous, small, obscure; flesh dark red, stringy, tender, melting, astringent, sour, juicy; poor to fair in quality; stone of medium size, ovate, slightly pointed, smooth, tinged with purple; season very late. Grosse Schwarze Frühe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:2, Tab. 2 fig. 2. 1792. 2. Christ Wörterb. 274. 1802. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 158. 1819. Guigne à Gros Fruit Noir Hâtif. 4. Pom. France 7:No. 25, Pl. 25. 1871. This cherry differs from Frühe Maiherzkirsche in having a firmer flesh. Fruit above medium in size, cordate, pointed, black; suture distinct on one side; stem long, slender, deeply set; ripens in June. Grosse Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 275. 1802.Gemeine Schwarze Herzkirsche. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 142-145, 156, 157. 1819. Gemeine Schwarze Herzkische. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 142-145, 156, 157, 1819. Guignier à gros fruit noir? 5. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:502. 1860. Fruit large, cordate, flattened on one side; stem long, set in a deep cavity; skin thick, dark red changing to black, pitted; flesh rather firm, tender, fibrous, dark red, juicy, exceedingly sweet and refreshing, with a slightly bitterish after-taste; stone clinging; ripens in July. Grosse Späte Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 277. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 200, 201. 1819. Found in a German garden in 1797; distinguished from Elkhorn in ripening later. Fruit large, round, flattened on the sides and apex; skin black, glossy; stem thick; flesh firm, juicy; ripens early in August. Grosse Süsse Maiherzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 126-130. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:20. 1858. Grosse Süsse Maikirsche. 3. Christ Handb. 662. 1797. Fruit above medium in size, roundish-cordate, sides compressed; stem of medium length, stout, set in a narrow, shallow cavity; skin tough, almost black; flesh tender, reddish-black, juicy, sprightly, rich; stone of medium size, broadly cordate, with a faint point; ripens at the end of June; used for table and kitchen. Grosse Tardive. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 17. 1876. Grosse späte Amarelle. 2. Proskauer Obstsort. 58. 1907. Grosse Tardive is thought to have originated near Paris, France. It ripens the first of August when all other sweet, black cherries are gone. The tree resembles Montmorency. Grosse Transparente. Species? 1. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:60. 1900. Mentioned in the reference given. Grosse Ungarische Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Krünitz Enc. 66-68. 1790. Ungarische Herzkirsche. 2. Christ Handb. 661. 1797. Grosse schwarze ungarische Herzkirsche. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:20. 1858. Fruit large, oval, rather angular; stem medium in length; cavity deep, irregular; suture distinct; skin glossy, black; flesh dark red, fine-grained, aromatic, sweet; stone large, oval; ripens early in July; productive. Grosse de Verrières. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 71, 72, Pl. 1870-71. This cherry is extensively grown at Verrières, France, where it is often called, "La Grosse." The fruit, however, is but a trifle larger than Cerise Commune from which it

differs only in its slightly elongated-cordate form; stem medium in length; skin deep red; flesh red, juicy, sweet; season the middle of July. Grosse de Wagnellee. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 465. 1869. A vigorous, productive cherry of Belgian origin; fruit large, oval; skin yellow, washed and spotted with red; flesh tender, juicy, sweet; ripens in July. Grosse Weinkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 385. 1881. Grosse-Griotte à vin. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 21, 196. 1876. Fruit flattened, roundish, rather large; stem rather long; suture indistinct; skin very dark, glossy red; flesh tender, dark red, juicy, sprightly, acid; pit egg-oval; ripens in July; used for conserves and coloring wines. Grosse Weisse Frühkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 285, 679, 680. 1819. Fruit large, truncate-cordate, one side compressed, with a shallow suture; stem long, stout, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin firm, tough, pale yellow, washed with deep red; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, pleasing; stone small, round, plump, partly clinging; ripens the middle of July. Groth Braune Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 358. 1889. Listed without description in this reference. Groth Gelbe Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 56. 1907. Bigarreau jaune de Groth. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 27, 189. 1876. Groth's Wachskirsche. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 337, 358. 1889. Tree vigorous and very productive; fruit rather large, truncate-cordate; skin transparent, brilliant yellow; flesh rather firm, very sweet, agreeable; first quality; matures early in July. Grünstiel-Kirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:22. 1858. Fruit black, of medium size, obtuse-cordate, noticeably furrowed; stem long, shallowly inserted; flesh firm, colored, subacid; pit of medium size, round, somewhat clinging; ripens the middle of July. Guben. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 549. 1901. Bigarreau noir de Guben. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876. Gubener Schwarze Knorpel. 3. Oberdieck Obst-Sort. 369. 1881. Late Black Bigarreau? 4. Guide Prat. 18. 1895. Guben originated near the town of the same name in Prussia, Germany. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, sides slightly compressed; suture indistinct; stem rather long; cavity shallow; skin firm, glossy, nearly black; flesh firm, dark red, sweet, with a pleasing sourness; pit roundish; ripens the last of June. Gubens Ehre. Species? 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 358. 1889. 2. Lange Allgem. Garten. 423. 1897. Fruit large, dark red, with a slightly aromatic flavor. Guigne Anglaise Blanche Précoce. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Listed in the reference given. Guigne d'Argovie. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 51. 1831. Mentioned in the reference given.

Guigne Blanche Précoce. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:316. 1877. Received by Leroy from Germany in 1860 and said by him to lack size and quality. Guigne Bonne Alostoise. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 359. 1889. Mentioned in the reference given. Guigne de Buxeuil. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. Listed without a description. Guigne Carnée Winkler. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:317, 318 fig., 319. 1877. Winkler weisse Herzkirsche. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 278, 279. 1819. Guigne Blanche de Winkler. 3. Mas Le Verger8:161, 162, fig. 79. 1866-73. Guigne de Winkler. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 15, 199. 1876. This variety is said to be a seedling raised by a Herr Winkler at Guben, Prussia, Germany, about 1816. Fruit attached in pairs, large, roundish-cordate, compressed; suture not prominent; stem long, inserted in a deep, narrow cavity; skin flesh-colored; flesh tender, slightly fibrous, light yellow, juicy, sweet, pleasingly aromatic; pit of medium size, plump, oval; ripens the second week of the cherry season. Guigne de Chamblondes. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 359. 1889. Mentioned in the reference given. Guigne Chamonale. P. avium.1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:151. 1882. Flowers and foliage only described. Guigne Chavanne. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:161. 1882. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 359. 1889. Mentioned in the reference given. Guigne Courte-queue d'Oullins. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:62 fig., 63, 218. 1866. Guigne à courte queue? 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 20. 1887. This variety is said to have originated at Oullins, near Lyons, France. Tree vigorous, upright, productive; fruit rather large, obtuse-cordate, truncate; stem short to very short, inserted in a shallow, narrow cavity; suture a well-marked line; skin rather thick, glossy, shaded with red changing to deep black; flesh red, tender but not soft, sweet with some acidity, agreeable; quality excellent; pit large for the size of the fruit, ovoid; ripens early in June. Guigne Ecarlate. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 51. 1831. A worthless, medium-sized, red, oval fruit, with firm flesh, ripening in July. Guigne de l'Escalier. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 24. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 11. 1895. This is a large, brownish-black, French cherry of the Heart class. Fruit with an uneven surface; flesh red, sugary, sweet; first quality; ripens the first of July. Guigne de Gland. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 213. 1880. Guigne de Gland received its name from the small community of Gland, Aisne, France, where it appears to have been first cultivated. It is one of the first to be found on the markets; is very productive, and of good quality; fruit large, clear red, very sweet. Guigne Grosse Rouge Hâtive. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 51. 1831. A firm, red, cordate cherry of second quality for table use; ripens in July.

Guigne Grosse Rouge Tardive. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 51. 1831. Listed in this reference. Guigne Guindole. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 198. 1876. Many writers, including Leroy, believe this cherry to be identical with the Flamentine. Tree vigorous, productive; grown for market; fruit large, elongated-cordate; skin deep red with carmine mottling on a yellowish ground; flesh tender, soft, juicy, sugary; matures the last part of June. Guigne Hâtive d'Elsdorf. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27, 198. 1876. A German variety "much recommended." Guigne Marbrée. P. avium. 1. Pom. France 7:No. 18. Pl. 18. 1871. 2. Wickson Cal. Fruits. 286. 1889. 3. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 523. 1906. The origin of this variety is uncertain. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate; suture wide, shallow; stem of medium length, set in a shallow, wide cavity; skin glossy, white, washed with a rose color changing to carmine, adherent to the pulp; flesh yellowish, firm, sweet, faintly aromatic; pit small, roundish; ripens early in July. Guigne Marie Besnard. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 15. 1876. A large, oblong, Heart cherry of good quality; skin light yellow overspread with red; flesh tender, juicy; late. Guigne de Nice. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 24. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 11. 1895. Fruit very large, oblong, light red; season early in warm years; trees rather tender. Guigne Noir Luisante. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 208. 1854. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862. Guignier à gros fruit noir luisant. 3. Duhamel Trait Arb. Fr. 1:162, 163. 1768. Grosse glanzende schwarze Herkirsche. 4. Kraft Pom. Aust. 1:2, Tab. 3 fig. 2. 1792. 5. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 146, 147. 1819. Grosse Guigne noire luisante. 6. Mortillet Le Cerisier2:72 fig. 73, 74, 218. 1866. Guigne Reinette noire. 7. Thomas Guide Prat. 24. 1876. Guigne noire hâtive à gros fruits. 8. Soc. Nat. Hort. France Pom. 108 fig., 109. 1904. This variety should not be mistaken for the Black Spanish of the Germans although Elliott speaks of it as such with the statement that it was grown in New Jersey about 1823, from whence it was introduced into Ohio. It was known as Guigne Reinette Noire about the provinces of Main and Anjou, France, where it is said to have originated. Some authors have confused it with Hogg's Black Heart from which it differs in being more firm. Tree large, vigorous, productive; fruit large, usually attached in threes, obtuse-cordate, plump; suture wide; stem medium in length, inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; skin thick, glossy, brownish-red changing to black; flesh colored, tender, fibrous, juicy, sweet, vinous; quality good; pit small, roundish-oval, turgid; ripens the last of June. Guigne Noire Hâtive. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 51. 1831. Guignier à Gros Fruit noir hâtif. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:330 fig., 331. 1877. This old variety originated in France early in the Sixteenth Century. Tree moderately productive; fruit attached in threes, large, obtuse-cordate, irregular; stem long, stout; cavity large; skin becomes reddish-black; flesh deep red, fibrous, juicy, acidulated, sweet; quality fair; pit above medium, ovoid, plump; ripens the last of May.