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Belle de Rocmont is so similar to Yellow Spanish that some writers consider them the same. If not the same they are so nearly so that a description of this variety is unnecessary. Belle de Saint Tronc. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. 2. Flor. & Pom. 117. 1878. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334, 359. 1889. This Heart cherry was introduced in 1873 by M. Antonie, Marseilles, Bouches-du-Rhône, France. It is described by the French as a brownish-black cherry but Rivers lists it as a light red sort. Fruit cordate; stem short; brownish-black; flesh deep red, juicy; first quality; early; productive. Belle Vezzouris. Species? 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 278. 1857. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 664. 1897. A medium to large, light red, somewhat transparent cherry with a subacid flavor; quality good; ripens with Downer. Belle de Voisery. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334. 1889. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895. Similar to Duchesse de Palluau according to Guide Pratique. Bender (of Michigan). P. cerasus. 1. Wood Cat. 32. 1912. This is a seedling found by a man named Bender near Shelby, Michigan. It ripens between Early Richmond and Montmorency, surpassing the latter in size, color and quality; sour. Bender (of New York). P. avium × P. cerasus. Marguerite. 1. McKay Cat. 7. 1912. This variety is an accidental seedling found by J. O. Bender, Fayetteville, New York, about 1875. It is a late cherry of the Duke group. The fruit is attractive both in size and color, making a valuable market sort. Fruit roundish-cordate to oblate, compressed; cavity medium, flaring; suture very shallow; stem slender, above medium in length; skin of medium thickness and toughness, separating from the pulp, light red, yellowish on the shaded side; flesh pale yellow, somewhat coarse and stringy, tender, melting, subacid, juicy; good in quality; stone large, slightly clinging along the ventral suture. Very similar to Late Duke. Berlin Amarelle. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 549. 1901. A vigorous variety received from L. Spath, Berlin, Germany. Fruit medium to large, oval; skin glossy red; flesh tender, juicy, pleasingly acid; season from the middle to the last of July in Canada. Bernard. P. cerasus. 1. Am. Hort. An. 88. 1869. Described by D. B. Wier, Lacon, Illinois, as a seedling of the Morello group. Tree vigorous, pyramidal in growth; fruit the size, shape, color and flavor of English Morello but with a smaller pit. Bettenburger Glaskirsche. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 445, 446, 689. 1819. 2. Ill. Handb. 171 fig., 172. 1860. Transparent de Bettenburg. 3. Mas Le Verger 8:77, 78, fig. 37. 1866-73. Belle Allemande. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876. Truchsess, a German, grew this variety from a stone of the Prager Muscateller, in

1794. The tree has a close growth and with its large, wide leaves is easily recognized from other light Duke cherries. The fruit is often confused with Double Glass but the color is darker, the stem longer and thicker, the flavor sweeter, and the season from eight to ten days later. Tree moderately vigorous; fruit large, cordate, rather obtuse, with a pronounced suture extending into the cavity; stem long, set in a smooth, shallow cavity; skin tough, clear purple changing to dark red; flesh yellowish-white, transparent, juicy, not colored unless well ripened, sweetish-sour, slightly aromatic; stone of medium size, globular, plump, truncate at the base; season late. Bettenburger Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 65 fig., 66. 1860. Bettenburger Schwarze Herzkirsche. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 115, 116. 1819. Guigne de Bettenbourg. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866. This variety is a seedling of a worthless black Heart cherry, raised by Truchsess in 1794. Fruit very large, flattened, heart-shaped, sides compressed; stem short, set in a shallow cavity; apex slightly depressed; skin tough, deep dark-brown with light spots. turning black when ripe; flesh tender, juicy, very sweet; stone almost small, plump, roundish; season the last of June in Germany. Bettenburger Kirsche von der Natte. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 507-511. 1819. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:61. 1858. A variety received by Truchsess as Kirsche von der Natte and disseminated by him as such. After a few years he found that it was not true to name and to avoid further confusion added the word Bettenburger. Fruit large, roundish, flattened at the base; suture indistinct; stem short, slender, shallowly inserted; skin tough, dull, dark brown, inclined to black; flesh dark red, juicy, aromatic, subacid; stone not large, plump; ripens the middle of July in Germany. Bettenburger Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:62, 63. 1858. Bettenburger Weichsel Grosser Gobet. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 521, 522, 523. 1819. Bettenburger Weichsel von der Natte. 3. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 171. 1825. Griotte de Bettenbourg. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 22, 194. 1876. This German variety came from seeds of Grosse Gobet planted by Truchsess in 1794. Fruit very large, sides compressed; skin tough, dark brownish-red; flesh and juice dark, pleasingly sour, improves if left on the tree; stone large, cordate, pointed. Bicolor Van Mons. Species? 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:99, 208. 1866. Fruit medium in size, slightly elongated; attractively variegated with red; of mediocre quality; matures the last fortnight of June. Bigarreau Abbesse de Mouland. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 334. 1889. Listed in the reference given. Bigarreau Antoine Nomblot. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 569, 570, Pl. 1912. In 1903, Alfred Nomblot planted what he believed to be a seed of Bigarreau Dönnissen but the resulting tree in many of its characters resembled Bigarreau Noir de Kruger which stood near the supposed parent. A cross between these varieties might result in a dark fruit similar to this. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive; fruit above medium in size, cordate, attached in ones, twos and threes; stem long; skin marbled with purple

changing to black; flesh firm, sugary, juicy, high flavored; pit small, ovoid; early. Recommended by the Société Pomologique de France as a good, early cherry. Bigarreau Blanc Précoce. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:144. 1882. A short description of the tree-characters is given in this reference. Bigarreau Blanc-Rosé de Piémont. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895. Matures late; according to Guide Pratique, 1895, it is very similar to Napoleon. Bigarreau Bordan. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:183, 184 fig. 1877. Bordans frühe weisse Herzkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:27. 1858. Bordans Herzkirsche. 3. Ill. Handb. 97 fig., 98. 1860. 4. Thomas Guide Prat. 18, 197. 1876. Guigne Blanche de Bordan. 5. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:97, 98, 208. 1866. This variety was raised by M. Bordan of Guben, Prussia, Germany, and was first described by Oberdieck. Leroy lists it as a Bigarreau as he believes the flesh is too firm for a Guigne as many Germans have described it. Tree hardy, productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, elongated-cordate, sides and base often compressed; suture shallow; stem long, slender, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin glossy, yellowish, spotted and streaked with red, becoming almost entirely washed with red in the sun; flesh tender, whitish, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated, pleasing; stone medium, oval, turgid; season early. Bigarreau de Bourget. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 335. 1889. Listed without a description by Mathieu. Bigarreau Brun. P. avium. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:35. 1771. Not described. Bigarreau de Capucins. P. avium. 1. Gard. Chron. N. S. 19:255. 1883. Kapuziner Knorpel. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 364. 1889. This variety is little known out of Belgium. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-oblong, regular, depressed at the ends; skin amber-yellow, blushed with red; flesh white, crisp, juicy. Bigarreau de la Caserne. P. avium. 1. Gard. Chron. 663. 1866. According to the reference this variety is spoken of in La Belgique Horticole as a variety with prodigious leaves, yellow fruit dashed with red and of good quality. Bigarreau Cayenne. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:186 fig. 1877. Cayenner Knorpelkirsche. 3. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907. This variety was received by Leroy in 1857 from Angouleme, Charente, France. Fruit generally borne in pairs; of medium size, oval, somewhat cylindrical, compressed at the extremities, with a large, rather deep suture; apex generally prominent; stem long; cavity broad and regular; skin thick, yellow, washed with pale red changing to lively red in the sun; flesh yellowish, firm, brittle, juicy, sweet, slightly sugary and aromatic; pit large, oval, slightly convex; ripens the last of June to the first of July. Bigarreau de Châlons. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:131, 132, 209. 1866. A local variety, widely known in the departments of Jura and Saône-et-Loire,

France, as Châlonnaise. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, depressed at the base, one face flattened, the other bulged; suture slight; stem short; skin a deep purple tint in the sun, spotted with clear red in the shade; flesh white or of a slight rose color, with uncolored juice, sugary, aromatic; pit small; season the middle of June. Bigarreau de Champvans. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895. This is an excellent cherry of the Bigarreau type with colored juice and transparent skin, which originated in the department of Saône-et-Loire, France; said in the second reference to be similar to Napoleon. Bigarreau Corniola. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:191, 192 fig. 1877. The name Corniola is derived from cornaline, the French for cornelian. Tree medium in size and productiveness; fruit attached in twos or threes, large, roundish, slightly compressed at the ends and faces; suture deep; stem short, set in a rather deep cavity; skin whitish-yellow, largely washed with rose color and spotted with deep carmine; flesh yellowish, firm, not fibrous, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; season early June. Bigarreau Court Picout Hâtif. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. Listed in this reference. Bigarreau Court Picout Tardif. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. Mentioned in the reference given. Bigarreau Dönnissen. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 16, 189. 1876. Dönnissens gelbe Knorpelkirsche. 2. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 162. 1825. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:44. 1858. 4. Ill. Handb. 145 fig., 146. 1860. Bigarreau jaune de Dönissen. 5. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:304. 1866. This variety is a seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, named for the originator; it fruited first about 1824. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit attached in twos, sometimes threes, large, roundish-cordate; suture slight; stem long, rather stout; cavity broad, shallow; skin glossy, transparent, yellowish-orange when ripe; flesh whitish, firm, slightly fibrous, moderately juicy, sugary, pleasingly acidulated; first quality; pit large, ovoid, plump; ripens the last of June to the first of July. Bigarreau Doré. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 15. 1895. Fruit yellow, round. Bigarreau Double Royale. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:195 fig., 196. 1877. Königliche Fleischkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:34. 1858. Königliche Herzkirsche. 3. Ill. Handb. 467 fig., 468. 1861. Guigne Royale. 4. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:301. 1866. The fact that Oberdieck received this variety from the Société Horticole de Prague under the French name Double Royale leads us to believe, as does Leroy, that it is of French rather than of Austrian origin as many German writers hold. Tree vigorous; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, cordate, rather abrupt at the ends; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; suture almost indistinct; skin glossy, reddish-brown to nearly black; flesh moderately tender, red, juicy, vinous, sweet; quality very good; pit small, ovoid, turgid; ripens about the middle of June. Bigarreau Dur. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 46. 1831. Listed in this reference without description.

Bigarreau Duranno. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:191. 1877. This variety is first mentioned by Leroy in 1868, appearing in his catalog of 1875 incorrectly as Bigarreau Duracino. The trees are used for stocks. Fruit large, roundish-cordate, uneven; suture narrow; stem long, slender; skin deep red in the sun; flesh firm, dry, acidulated, sugary; matures early in July. Bigarreau Galopin. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. Mentioned in this reference. Bigarreau Glady. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:206 fig. 1877. This variety was sent from the Jumard nursery about 1850 to Eugène Glady, Bordeaux, France. Fruit above medium in size, cordate, elongated; stem of medium length, set in a straight, deep cavity; skin brownish-red, striped with carmine; flesh a light rose color, firm, crisp, juicy, sugary, slightly acidulated; first quality; pit of medium size; ripens the first of June. Bigarreau Grand. P. avium. 1. Pom. France 7:No. 13, Pl. 13. 1871. 2. Guide Prat. 15. 1895. This cherry was introduced into the vicinity of Lyons, France, in 1849 by M. Grand who probably brought it from his nurseries in Italy. It has many characters in common with Lyons. Tree moderately vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, truncate at the base; suture wide, deep; stem medium, straight, set in a wide, deep cavity; skin thin, smooth, changing from a whitish-green to a rose-red and later to a deep crimson; flesh fine, half-tender, rose-colored, lighter near pit, with pale juice, sugary, aromatic; good; pit large, oval; season very early. Bigarreau Groll. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 135 fig., 136. 1860. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:207 fig., 208. 1877. Grolls bunte Knorpelkirsche. 3. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 328, 329. 1819. Bigarreau blanc de Groll. 4. Guide Prat. 17, 182. 1895. This seedling from Guben, Prussia, Germany, bearing the name of its originator, has been known and rather widely written about since early in the Nineteenth Century. Tree of moderate vigor; fruit generally borne in pairs, large, cordate, truncate at the base; sides compressed and marked by a suture; stem long, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin red, becoming darker, spotted and streaked; flesh yellowish, somewhat firm, juicy, aromatic; first quality; stone large, oval; ripens in June and hangs for a long time. Bigarreau Gros Noir de Luther. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. Listed in the reference given. Bigarreau Hâtif de Champagne. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 27. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895. Found at Champagne, Ain, France, and introduced in 1873 by M. Fandon. The tree is an erect, vigorous grower; fruit large, brownish-black, ripening two weeks before Lyons; of little value. Bigarreau Hâtif de Saint-Laud. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:107, 108, fig. 54. 1882. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 337. 1889. Fruit large, cordate, slightly irregular in outline; stem rather short, set in a wide, round cavity; skin clear red, striped with deeper red changing to purple; flesh rather

tender, tinged red, with abundant colored juice, sugary, vinous; good; pit small, ovoid, slightly compressed; matures the middle of June. Bigarreau d'Italie. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:102-104, 219, fig. 21. 1866. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:211, 212 fig. 1877. Bohemian Black Bigarreau. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 76, 94. 1866. Black Bohemian. 4. Fish Hardy-Fr. Bk. 2:104. 1882. This old variety was much esteemed by the Italians and later by the Belgians who grew it as early as 1815; it is of more recent introduction into France and England. It is sometimes confused with the Florence of Hogg and Downing. Fruit roundish, slightly heart-shaped, flattened at both ends; suture distinct; stem thick, short, inserted in an acute, deep cavity; skin firm, thick, glossy, very deep purple changing to black; flesh firm, dark, juicy, sugary, aromatic; pit medium, roundish-oval, convex, suture and grooves prominent; season the last two weeks of June. Bigarreau Jacquet. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 337. 1889. Listed in this reference. Bigarreau Jumard. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict Pom. 5: 206. 1877. Mentioned as having been received by Eugène Glady, Bordeaux, Gironde, France, in a shipment of trees received about 1850 from the Jumard nursery. Bigarreau Krüger. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:215, 216 fig. 1877. Bigarreau noir de Krüger. 2. Thomas Guide Prat. 22, 190. 1876. Krüger's Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 366. 1889. This variety was introduced into France by M. Eugène Glady, 1858, from Guben, Prussia, Germany, and is thought to have been originated by one of the Krüger family. Tree vigorous, bears early; fruit large to above, cordate, more or less roundish, faces compressed; suture wide; stem long, slender, set in a large cavity; skin yellowish-white, mingled with red, changing to brownish; flesh pale yellow, rather firm, slightly fibrous, juicy, sweet though sprightly; pit large, elongated-oval, flat; ripens toward the middle of June. Bigarreau Legrey. P. avium. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 69, 74. 1866. A small, cordate-shaped Bigarreau, more curious than useful. Bigarreau de Lory. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 205. 1819. Bigarreau de Loire. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. Mentioned as a medium-sized, dark brownish-red, firm-fleshed fruit. Bigarreau Marjolet. P. avium. 1. Guide Prat. 7. 1895. Guigne Marjolet. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:135, 136, fig. 68. 1882. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 360. 1889. Bigarreau Marjeollais. 4. Ibid. 337. 1889. Marjolets Knorpelkirsche. 5. Proskauer Obstsort. 57. 1907. The descriptions of the Guigne Marjolet and the Bigarreau Marjolet are identical and we have combined the two. The variety was named after its originator, M. Marjolet; tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, roundish-cordate, dark red; flesh tender, red, vinous, pleasing; ripens the middle of June. Bigarreau Mongin. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 482. 1904. Tree of medium growth; fruit medium in size, cordate; stem long, inserted in a deep

cavity; skin clear yellow blushed with red; flesh yellowish-white, tender, juicy, sweet, pleasant; ripens in July in Canada. Bigarreau Monstreuse de Bavay. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 235. 1854. Spoken of, in 1854, as promising but evidently it has been discarded as no reference has been made to it since that date. It may be Reine Hortense. Bigarreau Moreau. P. avium. 1. Rev. Hort. 552, 553, Pl. 1913. This cherry recently originated as a chance seedling near Lyons, France, several persons claiming the honor of its discovery. Its value was discussed at the meetings of the Société Pomologique de France in 1909 and 1911 when it was adjudged by leading French pomologists to be one of the earliest of all varieties, earlier than Lyons, and showing high commercial possibilities. Tree handsome in type of growth, with open, somewhat erect branches; leaves large, deeply serrate; fruit very large; color beautiful clear red becoming darker at maturity; flesh white, breaking, very firm, with uncolored juice, sweet, very refreshing; stone medium to small; season in France very early. Bigarreau Napoléon Noir. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. Bigarreau Noir Napoléon III. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:227 fig., 228. 1877. Napoléon Noir. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 307. 1884. Herzkirsche Napoléon III. 4. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 362. 1889. The origin of this cherry is uncertain. Leroy first noted it in the Simon-Louis catalog in 1867. To avoid confusion with the well-known Napoleon, he added the number III. Fruit usually attached in pairs, large, varying from elongated-oval to cylindrical; stem long, set in a large cavity; color dull red changing to deep maroon; flesh rose-colored, moderately firm, very juicy, sweet; ripens the last of June. Bigarreau Noir d'Ecully. P. avium. 1. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 338. 1889. 2. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 522. 1906. Ecullyer Knorpelkirsche. 3. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit medium in size, black at maturity; flesh firm, crisp, dark, vinous, sugary, juicy, good; late. Bigarreau Noir à Gros Fruits. P. avium. 1. Le Bon Jard. 345. 1882. Fruit large, flattened; flesh firm, sweet; first quality; ripens early in June. Bigarreau Noir de Heintzen. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22, 190. 1876. Heintzen's (Heintze's) Schwarze Knorpelkirsche. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 362. 1889. This is said to be a very good and productive cherry ripening in the fifth week of the cherry season. Bigarreau Noir de Tabor. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 19, 190. 1876. Tabors schwarze Knorpelkirsche. 2. Ill. Handb. 79 fig., 80. 1860. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit of medium size, cordate, often obtuse; sides compressed; suture but a line; stem medium long; cavity variable; skin glossy, dark reddish-brown; flesh firm, dark red, sweet, rich; stone small, roundish; ripens the last of June. Bigarreau d'Octobre. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 243. 1858. Oktober-Knorpelkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:38. 1858. This variety was refused a place on the American Pomological Society's fruit list in 1858. Fruit small, oval to roundish-cordate, flattened at the cavity; stem short; skin black, glossy; stone large, oval; good.

Bigarreau de l'Once. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:5, 6, fig. 3. 1882. It is thought that this variety originated in the vicinity of Nice, Alpes-Maritimes, France. Fruit very large, elongated-cordate; suture distinct on one side, a colored line on the other side; stem very long, slender; cavity deep, large; skin a clear cherry-red on a yellow ground; flesh yellowish, crisp, firm, sweet, refreshing, with abundant, uncolored juice; quality good; pit large; season the first of July. Bigarreau Pourpré. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876. Gros Bigarreau pourpré. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:212, 215, 218. 1866. Tree vigorous; fruit large, roundish-cordate; skin deep reddish-brown; flesh firm, good; ripens early in July. Bigarreau Printanier d'Oullins. P. avium. 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. Mentioned in this reference. Bigarreau Reverchon. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:133. 1866. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:235 fig., 382. 1877. 3. Hogg Fruit Man. 285. 1884. M. Paul Reverchon introduced this variety about 1855, into France from Italy, where it had long been known about Florence as Bigarreau Papal. Tree vigorous, moderately productive; fruit attached in ones or twos, large, obtuse-cordate, marked distinctly on one side by the suture; stem thick, short, set in a prominent cavity; skin smooth, glossy, tough, rose-yellow streaked with purple in the sun and with red in the shade; flesh light red, crisp, fibrous, moderately juicy, rather sweet; pit small, ovoid, plump; season the last of June to the first of July. Bigarreau Richelieu. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:235, 236 fig. 1877. This variety, says Leroy, was introduced into France from Nikita, Crimea, Russia, about 1858. Fruit borne in pairs, large, elongated-cordate, with one side flattened; stem long, inserted in a small mamelonated cavity; skin glossy, yellowish-amber, with a rose-colored blush in the sun; flesh firm, breaking, filamentose, juicy, sweet, aromatic; first quality; stone of medium size, elongated-cordate; ripens the last of June. Bigarreau Rosa. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:239 fig. 1877. Tree moderately productive; fruit usually borne in pairs, large, elongated-cordate, faces flattened; suture wide, deep; stem long, rather stout, set in a wide cavity; skin yellowish on rose-colored ground, amply washed with brilliant red on which are scattered small, white dots; flesh yellowish-white, firm, compact, filamentose, juicy, uncolored, rather sugary, acidulated, aromatic; second quality; pit large, turgid; ripens the last of June. Bigarreau Rose Dragon. P. avium. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 96. 1877. Reported by the Committee on Foreign Fruits in 1877 as worthy of trial but not grown at present. Fruit large, pale yellow, with a red cheek; flesh firm, juicy, sweet, good; season the middle of July. Bigarreau de Schrecken. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876. Schreckens Kirsche. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 377. 1889. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; brownish-black, glossy; flesh moderately firm; first quality; matures in mid-June.

Bigarreau Strié. P. avium. 1. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:114, 115, 208. 1866. Fruit large, elongated-cordate, faces compressed; suture wide; stem short, rather stout; skin many shades of red and purple on a rose-colored ground with flesh-colored spots; flesh reddish, firm, crisp, sweet; juice slightly colored; quality fair; stone small; season early; deteriorates rapidly. Bigarreau de Trie. P. avium. 1. Cat. Cong. Pom. France 13. 1887. Origin unknown, but rather widely cultivated around Trie, Hautes-Pryénées, France. Tree vigorous; fruit of medium size, roundish, compressed, slightly cordate; stem long, slender; skin tough, deep red, transparent, with a slight blush of amber; flesh whitish-yellow, very firm, juicy, uncolored, sugary, aromatic; good; season early July. Bigarreau à Trochets. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 22. 1876. An extremely productive variety distributed in some parts of France; fruit large, red; flesh brittle; ripens in late June. Bigarreau Turca. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:247, 248 fig. 1877. This old cherry was described in 1785 as Heaume Rouge but was found in 1862 by Leroy in Florence, Italy, as Bigarreau Turca by which name it was well known. It is probably not of Turkish origin as the name would indicate. Fruit often borne in pairs, large, obtuse-cordate; suture noticeable but not deep; stem short; cavity spacious; color deep red, lightly spotted with gray; flesh rather firm, fibrous, mottled with light red becoming darker near the pit, juicy, sweet, sprightly; pit large, ovoid, plump; ripens late in June. Bigarreau de Walpurgis. P. avium. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:250 fig. 1877. St. Walpurgiskirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:35. 1858. Walpurgiskirsche. 3. Ill. Handb. 41 fig., 42. 1867. Cerise Walpurgis. 4. Mas Le Verger 8:157, 158, fig. 77. 1866-73. This variety is a seedling from the village of Walpurgisburg, near Cologne, Germany, originating about 1845. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit attached in pairs, very large, roundish-cordate, compressed; suture shallow, extending entirely around the fruit; stem slender, rather long; cavity wide, shallow, sides only slightly raised; skin firm, adherent, glossy, dark cherry-red changing to almost black; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, aromatic, vinous; pit of medium size, oval, dark red; ripens late in July. Bigarreau de Zeisberg. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 20, 190. 1876. Zeisbergische Kirsche. 2. Ill. Handb. 31 fig., 32. 1867. Cerise de Zeisberg. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:35, 36, fig. 18. 1882. Oberdieck received this variety, which bears the name of its originator, from Hanover, Prussia, Germany, in 1857. Fruit very large, obtuse-cordate; suture wide, flat on the dorsal side, extending slightly beyond the apex; stem long, rather slender, set in a flaring cavity; skin glossy, brownish-black, later becoming black, adhering to the pulp; flesh firm, dark red, juicy, pleasant, with an aromatic sweetness when mature; season the last of June. Bigarreau Zschedowitzer Schwarze. P. avium. 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 23. 1876. Listed in the reference given. Bigarreautier à Petit Fruit Noir. P. avium. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:503. 1860. A mediocre but productive cherry ripening in August.

Bigarreautier à Petit Fruit Rose. P. avium. 1. Noisette Man. Comp. Jard. 2:503. 1860. A variety raised from seed in 1824; tree vigorous; stem long; flesh tender, white, sugary; quality fair; July. Bill and Coo. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 454. 1869. Two lovers made the original tree their haunt, hence, the name "Bill and Coo." This variety originated on the grounds of Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Fruit of medium size, regular heart-shaped, flattened at the apex; stem long, slender; cavity deep; suture broad on one side, the opposite side knobby; color amber-yellow, marbled with clear red; flesh rich, delicate, sweet; ripens early in June. Bismarck. P. avium. 1. Hoopes, Bro. & Thomas Cat. 20. 1907. This variety is a Sweet Cherry from near Baltimore, Maryland. Fruit very large, dark red, firm, sweet, juicy and rich; vigorous and productive; ripens the first of July. Black American. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831. Listed without description in this reference. Black Bigarreau. P. avium. 1. Knoop Fructologie 2:35, 37, 38. 1771. 2. Prince Pom. Man. 2:130. 1832. Bigarreau noir Hâtif.>Bigarreau hâtif. 3. Le Bond Jard. 345. 1882. Bigarreau noir Hâtif. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 285. 1884. Black Bigarreau is an old variety of unknown origin quite distinct from any others of its class. Tree productive; fruit medium to large, heart-shaped, obscurely flattened; stem long; skin at first dotted with red, later becoming black, glossy; flesh firm, rather dry, with dark colored juice, breaking, sweet; not high in quality; ripens the last of June and the first of July. Black Bigarreau of Savoy. P. avium. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 185. 1845. 2. Ibid. 256. 1857. New Large Black Bigarreau. 3. Kenrick Am. Orch. 234, 235. 1841. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 185. 1845. 5. Mag. Hort. 16:538 fig., 539. 1850. Large Black Bigarreau of Savoy. 6. Mag. Hort. 8:251. 1842. Walsh Seedling. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 196, 197. 1854. Bigarreau noir de Savoie. 8. Mas Le Verger 8:33, 34, fig. 15. 1866-73. The original tree of this variety was brought from the south of France by the father of George Walsh, Charlestown, Massachusetts. The tree came into bearing about 1840. In 1841, fruits were exhibited from trees introduced into American collections from Italy as New Large Black Bigarreau, and were thought by several people to be the Black Bigarreau of Savoy. Until 1857, all writers held these two varieties to be distinct but Downing then declared them to be the same and on his authority we combine the two. Tree vigorous, handsome; fruit large, regular, cordate, slightly obtuse; stem long, rather stout, set in a narrow, even cavity; skin smooth, not very glossy, nearly black when mature; flesh dark purplish-red, firm, juicy, sweet, rich, slightly adherent to the stone; pit rather large; ripens the middle of July. Black Hungarian Gean. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 50. 1831. A round, black Guigne of second quality with tender, transparent flesh; used for dessert.

Black Margaret. Species? 1. Watkins Cat. 32. 1892. Described as a fine, black, very late, English cherry. Black Prolific. Species? 1. Lond. Hort Soc. Cat. 55. 1831. Listed in the reference given. Black Spanish. P. avium. 1. Rea Flora 205. 1676. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 177-180. 1819. Schwarze oder Späte Herzkirsche. 3. Krünitz Enc. 60, 61. 1790. Spanish. 4. Kenrick Am. Orch. 217. 1835. Schwarze Spanische Knorpelkirsche. 5. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:37. 1858. Bigarreau noir d'Espagne. 6. Thomas Guide Prat. 23, 189. 1876. This is an old variety first mentioned by the English and in all probability is of English origin. It has been greatly confused by some German writers with other black cherries but Truchsess maintains that if placed beside the Grosse Schwarze Knorpelkirsche and the Grosse Schwarze Knorpelkirsche mit Festem Fleische, the two with which it is most often confused, differences could be noted especially as to firmness of flesh and smallness of pit. Fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture distinct; stem slender, short; cavity small, smooth, shallow; skin dark reddish-brown changing to black, lighter along the suture; flesh more tender than in most hard-fleshed sorts, dark red, sweet; stone small, adhering before fully mature, colored; ripens early in July or earlier. Black Turkey Heart. P. avium. 1. Watkins Cat. 32. 1892. Fruit large, black, late; suitable for market and home use. Blasse Johanni Kirsche. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 23. 1876. Received by Thomas with a recommendation from Baron Emanuel Trauttenberg of Prague. Bocage. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876. 2. Guide Prat. 17. 1895. This variety is said, in Guide Pratique, 1895, to be similar to Carnation, a Sour Cherry, while Thomas says it is similar to Reine Hortense, a hybrid sort. Bohemian Queen. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Hort. 13:104. 1890. This variety is said to come true to seed; to be similar in fruit-characters to Ostheim, though larger and more fleshy; to be productive and a cherry of good flavor; and to succeed well in moist land. Bon Bon. Species? 1. Childs Cat. 153 fig. 1893. A very early, large, dark red, juicy cherry; ships well and bears regularly. Book. Species? 1. Pa. Dept. Agr. Rpt. Pt. 1:427. 1902. This is a local variety recommended by John Weitzel, Bethesda, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Fruit medium to large, dark red; ripens the middle of June. Boppard. P. avium. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 415. 1899. Boppard's Early. 2. Can. Exp. Farm Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:58. 1900. Bopparder Frühkirsche. 3. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907. Tree vigorous; fruit large, obtuse-cordate; skin glossy, dark red; flesh red, firm, juicy, sweet. Boquet Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 78. 1890. Amarelle Boquet. 2. Ibid. 331. 1885. 3. Del. Sta. An. Rpt. 12:110. 1900.

This is one of Budd's importations of 1883, according to the third reference. It is often confused with the Boquet Amarelle of the French. The fruit resembles Early Richmond in size, shape, season and color, differing only in its flesh being more firm, its pit smaller, and the tree less productive; of no value commercially. Boreatton. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 215. 1854. A small, roundish-cordate, nearly black Sweet Cherry, with half-tender flesh; poor quality; ripens in mid-July. Boughton Early Black Duke. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831. Mentioned in the reference given. Boulebonner Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Ill. Handb. 47 fig., 48. 1867. Bigarreau Hâtif Boulbon. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:103, 104, fig. 52. 1882. This cherry was introduced into Belgium from France some years previous to 1867. Tree not vigorous, but productive; fruit large, broadly cordate, variable in size and form, sides compressed; suture distinct, deepest near the cavity; apex slightly depressed; stem slender, usually long, set in a wide, shallow cavity; skin a glossy, rose-red color with a yellowish tinge, dotted and streaked with clear blood-red and washed with dark purplish-red; flesh yellowish-white, reddish-white under the skin, firm, juicy, rich, pleasing; stone large, oval, somewhat flattened, with a short point; partially clinging; ripens the last of June and, according to Oberdieck, hangs during wet seasons without cracking. Bount Dantzic. Species? 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831. Mentioned in the reference given. Bouquet-Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:23. 1858. 2. Ill. Handb. 7 fig., 8. 1867. The tree of this variety has the growth of a Sweet Cherry with small, black, Heart fruits borne like the cluster cherries, one, two, three and four on the stem. The single fruits are roundish-cordate, with flattened ends while the double and triple fruits are more narrow and elongated; the fruit matures unevenly, having green, red and black fruits at the same time; pit roundish-oval, slightly pointed at the base, somewhat larger in the double fruits. Bouquetweichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 291. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 519, 520, 521. 1819. This cherry was received by Truchsess in 1796 from Mayer under the name Bouquet-kirsche. Many of the flowers have six, seven, eight, and occasionally as high as twelve petals, with two or three pistils. Fruit usually very small, attached to a long, stiff, woody stem shallowly inserted; round, flattened beneath; suture shallow; flesh and juice reddish-black, with a bitterish-sour flavor, which it loses if allowed to remain on the tree; pit of medium size. Boussieuer Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Proskauer Obstsort. 55. 1907. A variegated Sweet Cherry. Bowers' Seedlings. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 73:64. 1903. Three seedlings originated with John Bowers, Sigourney, Iowa. No. 1.—Fruit medium, dark red; juice colorless; quality fair. No. 2.—Tree hardy; bears regularly;

fruit large, oblate, roundish; stem long, slender; skin dark red; juice colorless; fair in quality; late. No. 3.—Fruit large, red to dark red; juice slightly colored, mild subacid; of very good quality. Bowyer Early Heart. P. avium. 1. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 234. 1841. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:15, 16, fig. 8. 1882. Boyer's Early. 4. Hooper W. Fr. Book 269. 1857. 5. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 665. 1897. Roberts' Red. 6. Hooper W. Fr. Book 269. 1857. This variety probably originated in England nearly a century ago. Some writers confuse it with Early White Heart but the two are undoubtedly distinct. Tree vigorous, round-topped, hardy, productive; fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, slightly compressed; cavity shallow, wide; suture distinct; stem variable in length; skin of medium thickness, pale amber-yellow overspread with light red; flesh whitish, tender, juicy, sweet, sprightly, refreshing; very good in quality; stone of medium size, short-ovate, plump, blunt at the apex; season early. Boyd Early Black. Species? 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 138. 1881. Mentioned in a report from Ohio as a variety of great superiority and value. Brandon. P. pumila. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 353. 1896. A prolific seedling of Prunus pumila; introduced by the Manitoba Station. Brandywine. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Horticulturist N. S. 5:492, Pl. 1855. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 258. 1857. John R. Brinckle, Wilmington, Delaware, produced this variety from a seed of White Bigarreau grown near May Duke. It fruited for the first time in 1851. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive; fruit above medium in size, roundish, obtuse-cordate; suture indistinct; stem long, slender; cavity shallow, small; skin yellowish, mottled and marbled with light crimson, glossy; flesh semi-transparent, tender, very juicy, sprightly, acidulous; stone rather large; season the last of June; recommended for culinary uses. Brant. P. avium. 1. Mag. Hort. 19:167, 168. 1853. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 191 fig. 1854. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 258. 1857. Brant was grown by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio, about the middle of the Nineteenth Century, from a pit of Yellow Spanish. Tree vigorous, spreading; fruit large, roundish-cordate, uneven, sides slightly compressed; stem medium, set in an angular cavity; skin thin, lively purplish-red changing to dark purplish; flesh dark purplish-red with indistinct white lines radiating from the center, tender, with abundant, colored juice, sweet and richly flavored; pit medium in size, roundish-oval, nearly smooth; season from the middle of June to the first of July. Brassington. P. cerasus. 1. Call Cat. 5, fig. 1913. A chance seedling found in Oceana County, Michigan. Fruit large, dark red, sprightly subacid; ripens with Early Richmond; productive. Braunauer Glaskirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Liegel Syst. Anleit. 168. 1825. Braunauer Amarelle. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:72. 1858. This variety originated about 1825. Tree large, moderately productive, with large, Sour Cherry leaves. Often classed as an Amarelle because of the resemblance in the

branches. Fruit very large, round, compressed; suture distinct; stem very long, shallowly inserted; color dark red, rather cloudy; flesh yellowish, tender, juicy, pleasing subacid when fully ripe; stone of medium size; ripens in August. Braune Soodkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Christ Wörterb. 287. 1802. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 583, 584, 585. 1819. Tree of medium growth; branches drooping; fruit large to very large, flattened, slightly depressed; stem long, set in a rather deep cavity; skin brownish-red; flesh dark red at the stone becoming clear red beneath the skin, tender, with abundant, red juice, pleasing subacid; stone roundish-elongated, one-half an inch long; season the last of July. Braune Spanische Kirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Wörterb. 275. 1802. Späte braune Spanische Herzkirsche. 2. Christ Handb. 660. 1797. Braune Spanische Herzkirsche. 3. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:22. 1858. This cherry differs from the black Hearts in being smaller, more compressed and sweeter, the flesh softer and more melting. Tree small, productive; fruit small, roundish, compressed on both sides; black, somewhat red on one side; ripens at the end of June. Braunrote Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 544, 545. 1819. Braune rothe Sauerkirsche. 2. Christ Wörterb. 289. 1802. Griotte rouge foncé. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:306. 1866. This variety was found in Bernburg, Prussia, Germany. It is distinguished from the other Sour Cherries ripening with it by its lingering brownish-red color, its pleasing, mild sourness, its tender flesh, and by its wood. Tree not large, making a close growth, productive; branches erect; fruit bunch-like, large, almost round, flattened at the ends, sides slightly compressed; stem long, stout, inserted in a rather wide, deep cavity; color remains brownish-red for quite a period, later becoming almost black; flesh tender, with abundant, colored juice, pleasingly sour; stone egg-shaped, almost oval; season the last of July. Briggs Sweet. P. avium. 1. Green-River Nur. Cat. 22. 1899. Briggs Sweet was raised from seed in the garden of Dr. J. A. Briggs, South Union, Kentucky, where it has fruited for twenty years. The tree is thrifty, a regular bearer and resembles Wood in appearance of both tree and fruit but is much hardier. Brindilles. P. cerasus. 1. Can. Exp. Farms Rpt. 424. 1903. This is a vigorous cherry with a low, slender habit of growth, blooming the middle of June and ripening late in August. Fruit of medium size, round, depressed or oblate; stem long, set in a narrow cavity; skin light, clear red; flesh tender, juicy, sprightly. Brown Best. P. cerasus. 1. Brown Bros. Cat. 24. 1900. Brown Best was introduced some twenty-five years ago by Brown Brothers, Rochester, New York, having been budded from an old tree. Fruit large, dark red, tender, sour, rich; quality good; very late; productive. Brown Seedling. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 214. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 457. 1869. Originated in Connecticut. Tree vigorous, upright; fruit medium in size, obtuse-cordate, compressed with a line and a light suture; cavity broad; skin whitish, shaded and mottled with red; flesh half-tender, juicy, sweet; quality fair; season early July.

Buckatzsch Weisse Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 277, 278, 677, 678. 1819. A medium-sized cherry of fair quality from Guben, Prussia, Germany, where it first fruited in 1816. Buckatzsch Weisse Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 341, 685. 1819. This is another seedling from Prussia, Germany; stem of medium length; flesh somewhat tender and light. Budd No. 533. P. cerasus. 1. Wash. Sta. Bul. 92:14. 1910. This is probably a Russian seedling sent out by Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Iowa. Tree small, round-topped, with slender, recumbent branches; foliage scant, mostly on the tips of the branches; fruit very large, roundish heart-shaped; stem short, thick; skin tough, thin, dark, mottled red; flesh firm, yellow, slightly stained with red, astringent, subacid; quality fair; stone large, round; season the last of July. Buffalo. P. avium. 1. Gard. Mon. 13:150. 1871. This cherry was received from Buffalo, New York, by Smiley Shepard of Hennepen, Illinois, in the "fifties." The fruit with him proved very hardy and productive and promised to become a valuable sweet variety for prairie orchards. Mr. Shepard sent cions to different localities for testing but nothing has been heard further about the variety. Bunte Morello. P. cerasus. 1. Ia. Sta. Bul. 19:551. 1892. 2. Budd-Hansen Am. Hort. Man. 2:273. 1903. This is not a Morello, though grown in North Silesia under this name. Tree vigorous and hardy, but a late bloomer; fruit large, cordate, reddish; flesh light-colored, juicy. Burbank. P. avium. 1. Burbank Cat. 4, 19. 1911. Burbank Early. 2. Leonard Coates Cat. 1911. This is another of Burbank's cherries, trees of which have not yet fruited at the Station. Trees described as vigorous, sure croppers; foliage very large; fruit very large, attractive deep crimson; season very early. Its large leaves, it is claimed, protect the fruit from the birds and from cracking during late spring rains. Burchardts Schwarze Rosenobel. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 166, 167, 1819. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:91, 92, fig. 46. 1882. This cherry was raised by the German pomologist Burchardt from a seed of Rosenobel. Fruit of medium size, obtuse-cordate; stem medium in length, set in a deep, straight cavity; skin purple, changing to almost black; flesh purple, rather tender, juice slightly colored, sweet; first quality; season the first of June. Burghley Park. P. avium × P. cerasus. 1. Flor. & Pom. 229, 230. 1870. 2. Gard. Chron. 1057. 1870. Burghley Park is a seedling, raised by R. Gilbert, Burghley Park, Stanford, England; it was placed on the list of new fruits of the Royal Horticultural Society in July, 1871. There is a question as to whether it is distinct, some believing it to be Reine Hortense. Fruit very large, usually oval, often flattened, with an obscure suture; stem long, rather slender; skin very thin, transparent, a brilliant dark red if left hanging; flesh dull yellowish-red, veined or netted, very juicy, melting, with a pleasing astringency; ripens in mid-season.

Burr. P. avium. 1. Cole Am. Fr. Book 233. 1849. 2. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 342. 1889. Semis de Burr. 3. Mas Le Verger 8:163, 164, fig. 80. 1866-73. Burr originated about 1844, with Zera Burr, of Perrinton, New York. Tree vigorous, erect, round-topped, very productive, not always hardy; fruit medium to large, obtuse-cordate with a pointed apex; stem long, slender; skin thin, mottled with light and dark red; flesh whitish, rather tender, juicy, sprightly, agreeably sweet; very good in quality; stone small, irregularly ovate, short, thick; ripens in early mid-season. Büttner Gelbe Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 361, 362, 363. 1819. 2. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:129, 130 fig. 31. 1866. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:214 fig., 215. 1877. Büttner's Yellow. 4. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 185. 1845. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 20. 1875. Wachsknorpelkirsche. 6. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:44, 45. 1858. Büttner, at Halle, Prussia, Germany, raised this cherry as a seedling and it is probably superior to any of the varieties originated by this horticulturist. It fruited for the first time about 1800 and was introduced shortly after. It was grown in America as Büttner's Yellow in the first half of the Nineteenth Century and was listed in the American Pomological Society's fruit catalog in 1875 but was dropped in 1899. Tree strong, vigorous, hardy, productive; fruit of medium size, roundish-cordate, flattened at the base; suture indistinct; stem thick, inserted in a broad, shallow cavity; skin firm, thick, pale yellow, slightly spotted with brownish-red; flesh pale yellow, firm, breaking, juicy, sweet, aromatic, with a rich, lively flavor; quality good; stone small, roundish-ovate, free; ripens early in July. Büttner Rothe Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 236, 237. 1819. Büttner's rothe Molkenkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:29. 1858. Another seedling raised by Büttner about 1797 and later tested by Truchsess. Tree vigorous, very productive; fruit of medium size, heart-shaped, with sides somewhat compressed; stem long; skin yellowish-white mingled with clear red, sometimes dark red; flesh yellowish-white, very soft, juicy, sweet; quality fair; stone small, heart-shaped; matures the first half of July. Büttner Rothe Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 299, 300, 301. 1819. Büttner's rothe Marmorkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:43. 1858. Bigarreau rouge de Büttner. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:132. 1866. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:240 fig., 241. 1877. Grown from seed about 1795, by Büttner. Büttner Späte Rote, one of Büttner's seedlings is similar to this one. Tree vigorous, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, with a shallow suture; skin thick, lively red on one side and shaded with carmine on the other; flesh yellowish, firm, breaking, strongly adhering to the pit, sweet, aromatic; quality good; stone of medium size, round; matures the last of June or the first of July. Büttner Schwarze Herzkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 122, 123, 124. 1819. 2. Elliott Fr. Book 204, 205. 1854. 3. Mortillet Le Cerisier 2:64 fig., 65, 66. 1866.

Büttner's schwarze neue Herzkirsche. 4. Christ Wörterb. 275. 1802. Bigarreau Noir Büttner. 5. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:222 fig. 1877. Still another variety obtained from seed by Büttner in 1795. With several others it was sent to Truchsess, about 1801, for testing. Tree strong, vigorous, erect, hardy, productive; fruit large, obtuse-cordate, compressed; suture prominent; stem of medium length, set in a deep cavity; skin firm, glossy, deep reddish-black; flesh dark red, moderately firm, juicy, sweet and pleasant; quality good; stone of medium size, roundish-oval; ripens early in July. Büttner Schwarze Sauerkirsche. P. cerasus. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 601, 602, 603. 1819. Büttner's schwarze neue Sauerkirsche. 2. Christ Wörterb. 289. 1802. Raised from seed by Büttner and sent to Truchsess for testing about 1797. Fruit round, of medium size, glossy, black; flesh firm, red, moderately juicy, agreeably acid; quality fair; ripens in August. Büttner Späte Rothe Knorpelkirsche. P. avium. 1. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 329, 330, 682, 683. 1819. Büttner's harte Marmorkirsche. 2. Dochnahl Führ. Obstkunde 3:43. 1858. Bigarreau Rouge Tardif de Büttner. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:11, 12, fig. 6. 1882. Büttner's Late Red. 4. Can. Exp. Farm. Bul. 2nd Ser. 3:59. 1900. Another seedling raised by Büttner early in the Nineteenth Century and quite similar to Büttner Rote, except in its time of ripening, which is later. Tree of medium vigor, erect; fruit large, heart-shaped, flattened at the base, compressed at the apex; suture medium in depth; skin thick and firm, yellowish-white mingled with red, changing to dark red; flesh yellowish, firm, breaking, sweet, aromatic, with abundant, uncolored juice; quality good; stone large, oval, slightly clinging to the flesh; matures the last of July. Büttner Späte Weichsel. P. cerasus. 1. Ill. Handb. 531 fig., 532. 1861. Büttner's September und Octoberweichsel. 2. Truchsess-Heim Kirschensort. 609. 1819. Büttner's October Zucker Weichsel. 3. Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat. 47. 1831. Büttner's Sehrspäte. 4. Ibid. 47. 1831. Büttner's October Morello. 5. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 193, 194. 1845. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 74. 1862. Griotte Tardive de Büttner. 7. Mas Le Verger 8:95, 96, fig. 46. 1866-73. Bigarreau Tardif Büttner. 8. Leroy Dict. Pom. 5:245 fig., 246. 1877. Büttner's October. 9. Hogg Fruit Man. 288. 1884. Produced from seed about 1800, by Büttner. As one of the latest of all cherries, it was at one time considered of value for culinary purposes and for a time was grown to a limited extent in this country. The American Pomological Society placed it on its fruit catalog list in 1862 but dropped it in 1869. Tree hardy, productive; fruit often hangs to the tree till October, large, round, somewhat oblate; suture indistinct; apex depressed; stem long, slender; cavity shallow; skin thin but firm, reddish-brown, separating easily from the pulp; flesh light red, reticulated with whitish fibers, firm, breaking, juicy, sweet, rich, mingled with pleasant subacid; quality good; stone large, oval, semi-clinging; ripens the last of August and early September.

Byrnville. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882. Listed in this reference. Cameleon. Species? 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 574. 1629. A strange cherry, changeable in color, spoken of by Parkinson because of its peculiarities. The fruit is very red in color and of good taste, but varies greatly in color, shape and arrangement. It also bears blossoms, green and ripe fruit at the same time. Cardinalskirsche. P. avium. 1. Christ Obstbäume 159. 1791. 2. Christ Wörterb. 284. 1802. A cherry similar to the Doctorkirsche in both tree- and fruit-characters; fruit dark brown, with a subacid flavor. Carmine Stripe. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 206. 1854. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 258. 1857. Cerise Carminée. 3. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:23, 24, fig. 12. 1882. Carmine Stripe is a seedling from Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree vigorous, spreading, very productive; fruit above medium in size, heart-shaped, compressed on the sides, surface often uneven, with a suture on one side, followed by a line of carmine; stem variable; skin amber-yellow, shaded and mottled with bright, lively carmine; flesh tender, juicy, sweet, with agreeable sprightliness; pit small; season the last of June. Caroline. P. avium. 1. Elliott Fr. Book 206. 1854. Originated by Professor J. P. Kirtland, Cleveland, Ohio. Tree upright-spreading, vigorous; fruit above medium in size, roundish-oblong, one side slightly compressed; color pale amber, mottled with clear, light red, becoming rich red in the sun; flesh tinged with pale red, translucent, tender, juicy, sweet; pit of medium size, oblong, oval; season the last of June. Delicious for dessert. Catskill. Species? 1. Chase Cat. 1888. This variety, sent out by R. G. Chase, Geneva, New York, in 1888, is probably now extinct. Fruit of medium size, heart-shaped; skin light yellow, nearly covered with light carmine; stem slender, long; flesh light yellow, juicy, sprightly, mild subacid; good. Cerise Albanes. Species? 1. Rev. Hort. 284. 1861. Introduced from Revel, Haute-Garonne, France. It is a fruit of first size, excellent quality, with dark green leaves, productive; fruit white with more or less yellow. Cerise d'Angleterre Précoce. Species? 1. Poiteau Pom. Franc. 2:No. 25, Pl. 1846. According to Poiteau, this cherry, sometimes called Cerise Nouvelle d'Angleterre, was confused by Duhamel with his Cerise Guigne. Fruit small in the first stages of ripening, later becoming larger, flattened at the base and apex; color clear red changing to almost black at complete maturity. Cerise de l'Ardèche. Species? 1. Thomas Guide Prat. 25. 1876. Belle grosse d'Ardèche. 2. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:159. 1882. Schöne von Ardêche. 3. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 376. 1889. Distinct from other varieties in its manner of growth, according to Thomas. Cerise Bellon. Species? 1. Mas Pom. Gen. 11:160. 1882. Mentioned in this reference.