«Англо-египетский Судан: Справочник для офицеров правительства Судана, Том 2»

River Jera

12½ 343½ 4 50 Another very rough march. A fair little camping ground with good shade; a little grazing. Plenty of wood and water.

Camp near water holes

10½ 354 4 10 A good camping ground. The first part of the road is rough, but after crossing a ridge nearly 1,000 feet above the Jera river it becomes considerably easier; thick clumps of bamboo are difficult for loaded mules to get through in places. Hardly any grazing. Fair amount of water. Plenty of wood.

Ghindoa (Gandoa) River

21½ 375½ 8 50 A good camp; fair going, except for the thick clumps of bamboo, which are a little difficult for loaded mules to get through in places. A halt can be made at some water passed 6 hours 5 minutes after starting. Hardly any grazing. No supplies. Wood and water plentiful.

Chincha River

22 397½ 8 20 Good going and a good camping ground. Very little grazing. Wood and water as before.

Matemma (Gallabat) 5½ 403 2 0 An easy march over a good road.

Эта дорога от озера — та самая, по которой следовал император Иоанн, когда он спустился к Матемме с примерно 20 000 (?) человек в 1889 году и был убит дервишами. Дожди едва начались во время нынешнего путешествия, поэтому травы почти не было, а вода была в дефиците в течение первых 3 дней пути от озера. И вода, и трава должны быть в изобилии после дождей, а во время их выпадения горные потоки, как говорят, делают дорогу непроходимой; ее можно было бы значительно улучшить, расчистив бамбук и другие деревья, которые местами почти скрывают тропу.

129. — АДДИС-АБЕБА до ФАМАКИ (к югу от ГОЛУБОГО НИЛА).

Лейтенантом Гвинном, D.S.O., 1900 г.

Note—

G. = Gara, mountain range. J. = Jebel.

T. = Tulu, mountain peak. K. = Khor.

L. = Laga, stream.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Addis Abbaba — —

British Residency — — The British Residency is situated at the foot of a spur running S. from the Entotto range, and bounding the Addis Abbaba valley on the E. It lies just clear of the most easterly native huts. About 600 yards immediately N. of it is the Russian Agency, and about the same distance to the W.N.W. of the latter, on the opposite side of the stream, is the Russian doctor’s enclosure formerly occupied by the Rodd Mission. For position of other European missions, &c., see Count Gleichen’s map of Addis Abbaba (I.D.W.O., 1897).

The water supply of the British Residency is drawn from a spring on the slopes at the back of the compound, and a surface channel from the spring supplies a small tank in the compound for watering horses, &c.

The compound is surrounded with a solid mud wall, surmounted by a continuous hurdle work fence.

Gibe (King’s Enclosure) 1½ 1½ Lies pretty well in the centre of the town, on a long flat spur running down from Entotto. The enclosure is formed by a high wooden palisade, and at the present time an outer wall, solidly built in stone, is being constructed. Inside the palisade the enclosure is divided by numerous stone walls and wooden fences; the buildings are strongly built, but there are many thatched buildings and a lot of woodwork.

Water supply is laid on in iron mains from Entotto, and there is an artificial surface channel just outside the enclosure.

The town of Addis Abbaba extends about 3 miles from E. to W., but the houses are scattered haphazard and there are no streets; the tracks running between the houses are very rough, and the crossings of the streams are bad, in particular in the rains. A few rough narrow bridges exist, but are not used in the dry season.

After clearing the town there is a wide flat spur before the Akaki (Western) is reached, which would form a fine camping ground.

Akaki (1st branch) 4½ 6 Small stream in deep gully.

Akaki (2nd branch) 1 7 Stream, 15 feet wide, 1 foot deep, rapid, in a deep gully; very steep on W. side. The col connecting the Entotto with the Managasha Hills is a fine manœuvring ground for troops of all arms, and is, on the whole, flat and open, though it is intersected by a few narrow valleys draining to the Akaki. Almost all these contain water. The whole mass of mountains S. of the road is generally called Managasha, but this name strictly applies to the steep round-topped hill just S. of the road at the watershed. The main mountain is called Wochochu by the indigenous Gallas.

T. Managasha 6 13

Fitaurari Hapto Gorgis’s house lies a little N. of the road just where the descent into the Walata valley commences, and his territory stretches S.W. from this point.

T. Managasha is well wooded, as are the steep slopes forming the escarp connecting G. Managasha and G. Foweita.

The road descends this escarp by a fairly well graded, though steep, line, crossing several small streams.

Kaffa road 1 14 About 1 mile after commencing the descent, the road to Kaffa and Limmu branches off S.W. towards the sharp cone to Wata Dalecho; to the left of the road, near the bottom of the escarp, is the Abunas house, situated among thick trees.

L. Walata

8 22 At the foot of the escarp the woody road stops and then enters a flat grass valley, in the middle of which is the Walata, a stream about 20 feet wide and 1 foot deep.

L. Dalota

5 27 Between Walata and Dalota flat grassland, with a few Galla farms. L. Dalota, rapid, 20 feet wide, 1 foot deep.

Addis Alem (British Location) 1½ 28½ The road rises steeply from the stream to the wooded spur on which Addis Alem is being built. To the N. of the road the escarp commences which marks the watershed between the Nile and Hawash, and extends without break from this point to the River Gude. The escarp and spurs running from it are well wooded and well watered, the main spurs being broken up into minor features. The British and Italian locations are side by side to the S. of the stream which runs through the town; the ground to the S. of them is flat for 800 yards or so, and at present fairly thickly wooded. On the N. it drops very steeply to the stream about 40 feet.

Addis Alem Gibe ½ 29

No building has yet been commenced on the British location, but Major Ciccodicola has built several large houses of the ordinary Tukl pattern, and has laid out and commenced another house of more European design, the lower story of which is stone.

The Gibe is built on a knoll between two streams, the drop towards the southern one being very steep. The main buildings will be on the N. shoulder of the knoll. On the northern slope of the knoll is a sort of park enclosed by a ditch and palisade. This is evidently intended for a defensible camp, as the enclosure on the top of the knoll is too small for any considerable force.

Water supply is not very good for the town, but a main for the supply of the Gibe is being laid from the spur to the N.E.

L. Barga

5 34 Road W. of Addis Alem, though not so well worn as between Addis Alem and Addis Abbaba, is, on the whole, well defined and good, being much used by the traders from Leka, Lekempti Walega, and Kelina (Chelim), and the soldiers of Dejaj Damasi, Dejaj Gumsa (Gabri Xiavrihir), and Dejaj Goti (Joti).

At first it runs along a well-wooded spur, then crosses the Barga, which runs in a deep, steep-sided valley, 20 feet by 1 foot; rapid.

L. Jemjem

6 40 Between the Barga and Jemjem are several small streams with fair water. The Jemjem is 12 feet wide and 6 inches deep; rapid. Road runs at the foot of the spurs in open country; the escarp to the N. is steeper and the spurs are shorter; to the S. is the flat open grass land of the Hawash Valley, which would probably be very swampy during the rains; the road practically is the boundary between Ras Mangasha Atakem’s territory on the N., and Fitaurari Hapto Giorgis on the S. It actually lies, however, in Ras Mangasha’s country.

Hawash River

6½ 48½ Between Jemjem and Hawash the country is quite open. Three small muddy streams are crossed. Hawash, 20 feet by 6 inches; rapid, beautiful water.

L. Bagaga

8½ 57 A very small stream, draining to the Gude. No water between it and the Hawash on the road crossing the watershed. To the S. are the Chavo Mountains, and to the N. the escarp rises to a high shoulder at G. Ilfata. From this point the road traverses a succession of open spurs running N. to the L. Dabis, a tributary of the Gude. On the N. of the Dabis the escarp rises in huge terraced cliffs.

L. Meiti or Sellen

3½ 60½ Small stream, with good water; before reaching it a dry watercourse and two small streams are crossed.

W. of the Laga Meiti the country is everywhere more or less wooded, though the trees are small, except by the streams or on the mountain slopes. This is due to constant grass fires.

L. Hulogka

7 67½ L. Hulogka, 30 feet by 1 foot; rapid; is a fine stream. About 3 miles N. of the road is a church and a hot spring. Between the L. Meiti and L. Hulogka, the L. Awaru drains a marshy valley.

Tulu Dintu

4½ 72 Road passes over rather a hilly bit of country, crossing the Taltale and Birbissu streams at 2½ and 3½ miles respectively; both small, with good water.

Tulu Dintu was formerly residence of Dejaj Hailo Hariam, brother of Ras Makunnen. Now few huts are occupied.

River Gude Bridge 3½ 75½ Flat country between Tula Dintu and Gude, thickly wooded near the latter; two tributaries of the Gude have to be crossed, both small streams with good water.

The Gude is a beautiful stream, running from one deep rock pool to another at the bottom of sheer-sided channel, 30 feet deep.

A good wooden bridge, 6 feet wide, on stone abutments, has been built, evidently under M. Ilg’s direction.

The ground near the stream is too thickly wooded and confined to be a good camping place.

The Gude flows N. to the Abai, cutting through the escarp in a wonderful canon about a mile wide, with sheer sides some 2,000 feet high. Beautiful scenery.

L. Kili

10 85½ From the Gude the road rises steeply and runs round the northern spurs of the mountain group which culminates in G. Ragge. The first ascent is very steep, but road is fully well graded, and the conical peak of T. Befti is left to the right.

Small streams are crossed at 4, 4½, 7½, and 9 miles. About 4 miles N. of the road is a deep valley, running from W. to E. to the Gude, and on the N. side of it the escarp rises precipitously. The spurs of G. Ragge are thickly wooded, and are divided by steep valleys.

L. Kili, a good stream, 15 feet wide and 6 inches deep, in a narrow valley.

L. Aresu

4½ 90 Road rises very steeply from the Kili over the shoulder of T. Boke, and descends steeply into the Humbolsha Valley (stream dries up) at 2½ miles, then a slight rise and another steep descent to the Aresu, a small stream, but with good water and a good open camping ground on its W. bank.

Chelia District (Gedda village) 10 100 From the Aresu the road winds round the south-western end of the Rafisokili Valley, passing over numerous spurs and small streams. L. Mata Arba, at the third mile, is western boundary of Ras Mangasha’s territory, and the eastern boundary of Chelia, which belongs to Queen Taitu. Country much broken, and fairly thickly wooded.

The village of Gedda, formerly the residence of Dejaj Desta (Ras Darge’s son, now dead), is on the narrow water partly between the Gude (Blue Nile) and Gibbe (Omo) basins; there is a considerable population and a church here.

L. Garsa

12 112 After crossing the watershed the road drops at first very steeply, and then more gradually, into the Gibbe Valley; the surface of the road is good, and level ground is reached at the end of the third mile. At 1½ miles a road branches off to S.W., probably that shown on the map illustrating movement of Bonchamps’ mission.

The L. Ambo, which combines with other streams to form the Alengo, is crossed, and the road skirts along N. of, and parallel to, the Alengo.

Several streams are crossed before reaching the Garan, and the country is rough.

From Gedda the escarp trends off N.W., leaving a wide plain, bounded on the S. and W. by G. Kwunchu Sodu and Tuka.

The Garsa is a sluggish, muddy stream, running between steep clay banks. Good camping ground W. of it.

L. Alengo

5 117 Road, after passing a few low spurs, runs over a flat, clay valley. The Alengo, 30 feet wide by 6 inches deep.

River Gibbe

6 123 Road continues over flat, open country, passing close to the low, rocky hillock, T. Bertuma. The Gibbe, 45 feet wide, 2 feet deep, fairly rapid; clay bank, thickly lined with willow, bottom gravel. It is a tributary of the Omo, and the eastern limit of the Queen’s district of Chelia. Between the Gibbe and the Wama the country is Dejaj Damasi’s.

Bilo

13 136 After crossing the Gibbe the road skirts round the northern spurs of G. Kwunchu, crossing several small streams and rather rough ground. Bilo is a considerable market and Customs post, situated on the W. side of the L. Tarli, a good-sized stream running N. to the Gibbe between clay banks.

From Bilo the main road to Leka branches off S.W. between T. Sodu and J. Soksaw.

J. Sodu Pass

5 141 The Lekempti road keeps almost due W., passing just S. of the summit of Sodu. The ascent is not as bad as it appears, as the road is well graded.

There is a wide open spur just before the final rise to the pass begins, which would form a good camping place. Several small streams are crossed in the ascent.

River Wama

12 153 From the pass, which is a very narrow saddle, the descent is steep for 2½ miles; small camping ground, with limited water supply at this point. Then road follows a long spur, falling gradually towards the Wama. Wooded slopes and no cultivation. The Wama is a considerable stream, flowing in rather marshy ground between clay banks, but with gravelly bottom, 30 feet wide, 2 feet deep; rapid. Shown on Michel’s and other maps as a tributary of the Didessa. Cattle and sheep plentiful and good grazing; the river is eastern limit of Dejaj Kumsa’s country.

Nekempti

24 177 After crossing the Wama, the road runs up a long narrow spur coming from W. shoulder of G. Tuka. G. Tuka is thickly wooded and precipitous, though round-topped. At 5 miles, a road to Leka branches W. up a broad valley formed by another branch of the Wama. The Leka plateau at the E. end appears steep-sided and thickly wooded. Leka is the head-quarters of Dejaj Damasi, and is said to be extremely fertile, producing much coffee. From the Leka road the track ascends more steeply; country well cultivated and thickly inhabited. Long, narrow, steep-sided spurs run S. from the water parting formed by the western end of G. Tuka. Water is plentiful. At 15 miles is a small village and church. Between this and Nekempti many small streams are crossed and ground is much broken. Nekempti is the residence of Dejaj Kumsa (called by Abyssinians Gabra Xiavrihir). He is a young Galla, a Christian, and has built himself a church. His ideas are advanced, and he has a garden for European plants, and is trying to improve the native coffee and cotton. His gibe is new and well built. There are several Arab merchants established here. The chief market is on Thursday, but there is a daily market.

Nekempti is on the watershed between the Wama and Angur, and to the N. the ground drops steeply to the wide flat Angur valley.

Sasiga

13 190 From Nekempti the road runs W., keeping near the watershed, which connects with the N. end of the Leka plateau. After about 5 miles it turns N.W., and several streams flowing N. are crossed. At the Sasiga market place on (Friday) G. Jimata there is a splendid view looking down into the Didessa valley, and across the Angur valley, towards the Limu hills; the Didessa and Angur valleys proper were, till recently, great elephant grounds up to the Abai. The elephants are now practically exterminated, and the ground is being brought under cultivation, though, as it is unhealthy, the people continue to live on the high ground.

Didessa R.

24 214 From Sasiga there is a very steep descent of 1,200 feet. Then the road is generally level, and crosses several streams before the L. Arso, where there is a fine camping ground at the 13th mile; thence there is a slight rise to the Tankara ridge, which is the eastern boundary of the Didessa ravine.

From this ridge the descent is very steep, winding, and rough to the Didessa, slopes thickly wooded. The Didessa is 150 yards (?) wide, 2 feet deep; current 2½ miles, stony bottom, beautiful water. Good camping place for a small party in dry season on W. bank.

Merechi

8 222 From the river the ascent of the W. side of the ravine begins at once. The road is very rough and bad, and ground on each side is covered with bamboo. The ascent is in three distinct stages, the last being much the worst, no attempt being made to grade it. Between the first and second stage the L. Jirma is crossed, and a small tributary of it is passed before the final stage.

Merechi, a small village, Saturday market, and Customs observation post. It is situated on the top of a ridge about 2½ miles behind the edge of the ravine. Between runs the Laga Jirma, and the valley is a good camping ground. This is the beginning of Walega.

Gimbi

12 234 The N. end of the Merechi ridge runs up to the escarp, which now begins to trend N.W. The plateau is very undulating and broken by confused narrow valleys. There is a considerable population, and the country is very fertile. At the 10th mile the Garsa ridge, running N. and S., is fairly well defined; otherwise the features are very confused. The Gallel stream, at 9th mile, is a good size, but water is everywhere plentiful. T. Jerko, a very sharp cone 30 miles to the S., is very conspicuous, and the road to Dejaj Goti’s country runs N. of it, through the Siva district. Gimbi is the residence of Fitaurari Amenti, uncle of Dejaj Kumsa.

Dungoro, L. Fincha

13 247 From Gimbi the general direction of the road alters and strikes N.N.W. towards Beni Shangul. The country continues well watered, cultivated, and populated, with the same confusion of narrow valleys. It passes through the small districts or townships of Siban (where Fitaurari Debaba, another uncle of Dejaj Kumsa, has a house), Aroji, and Dungoro. This latter is bounded on the S. by the L. Fincha, a considerable rocky stream, which is the last tributary of the Didessa crossed.

T. Eriwani 11 258 Five miles beyond L. Fincha, skirting the western slopes of T. Ghinghi, the track is rough and hilly. Several small streams rise in this hill and, after uniting, flow away S. between T. Jerko and T. Wallel, becoming, lower down, the Birbiri, which joins the Baro near Gore. T. Wallel is now very clearly seen to the S.W. T. Eriwani forms the watershed between the head waters of the Birbiri and the tributaries of the Yabus. Water is rather scarce between T. Ghinghi and Eriwani. Fitaurari Debaba’s second house is in a very conspicuous position on the watershed, W. of the road.

Najo

10 268 To Najo the road is easy, and country open. The Lagas, Henna, and Dilla are crossed, the latter a considerable stream, in which a certain amount of gold washing is done. The sides of its valley are very steep.

About 2 miles S. of Najo and 1½ miles E. of the road is M. Camboul’s house in the midst of his trial shafts. This is the most promising part of M. Ilg’s concession.

Najo is only a small village, but Dejaj Kumsa is building a new house there to be his hunting head-quarters.

Guti Mudema 7 275 Passing Najo the country begins to fall perceptibly, and is much more open. The undulations are broader, lower, and flatter. There is less cultivation, but many more cattle. The inhabitants are few, and are mainly engaged, it is said, in the gold-washing on the Yabus.

Guti Mudema is simply a post on the watershed between the Lagas Alatu and Genasi and the L. Deivo, which commands a very extensive view into Beni Shangul and the Lega Galla country. The two former streams flow between clay banks. All this country was traversed after a considerable amount of rain had fallen, so all the streams were flowing strongly. As a rule, they would be quite shallow.

L. Deivo

2½ 277½ Flows in a deep valley, with very steep sides.

Gori

7 284½ A small village, the residence of Fitaurari Densa. Road is over an open plateau with a strongly-marked escarp falling to the W.; to the E. a range of low mountains, running N., marks the great escarp from the western side of the Didessa and southern side of the Abai valley.

L. Komiso

3½ 288 The ground falls very rapidly into the Komiso valley, which is bound by a very steep, high escarp on the S. Between the Komiso and Mendi there is a wide broken valley, with the L. Sache flowing past T. Wandi, a well-marked hill 2 miles W. of the road. This hill is the northern limit of Dejaj Goti’s country, which appears to extend up in a narrow strip along the E. side of the Yabus.

Mendi

19 307 Mendi lies just S. of the last rise before the road makes its final descent into the Yabus. Here the promontory between the Didessa, Abai, and Yabus breaks into two ranges of hills, one running due N. by Gumbi and one N.W. towards the Beni Shangul hills through G. Gunfi. The road descends by the W. side of the valley in the fork, and is very steep and rough, the side of the valley being, as well, cumbered with with dense bamboo.

Mendi is the last Galla village, and from there to the Yabus water cannot be counted on.

L. Badeisa

12 319 Halfway down the descent there is generally water in small quantities, but the camping ground is uneven, confined, and with no good feeding when bamboo is out of leaf.

W. of the road near Mendi the ground falls gradually, with slight undulation, to the Yabus. There is thick wooding, and till quite lately the valley was quite full of elephants, but these are rapidly being exterminated.

Buffalo, waterbuck, hartebeest, and probably greater kudu are abundant.

K. Dabeisa 7 326 This practically marks the end of the descent, and the road from here to the Yabus is easy. Black population (very thin) begins. Bertas.

K. Yabus or L. Dabus

9 335 Yabus is the Arabic, and Dabus the Galla variant of the name; was slightly in flood when crossed, and was then about 100 feet wide and 3 feet deep at the ford. There is another crossing further S., near where the river breaks through the connection between the Gunfi and Beni Shangul mountains.

N. of the crossing is a wide, flat valley with some scattered hills.

K. Sheira

5 340 Crossing the river the ground soon begins to rise. There is a little water in K. Sheira.

J. Aside 7 347 A pass over J. Aside leads into the sub-district of Afodu, which is under a woman called Zem Zem. The village of Afodu is the head-quarters of a Kanyazmach, the Abyssinian commandant in Beni Shangul. Water is drawn from the Tumat, in which there are always pools.

Afodu 2 349

K. Tumat

2 351

K. Mange 7 358 Through Beni Shangul there are no difficulties on the road, though the going is bad, owing to the amount of small quartz stones everywhere. The K. Mange is dry. N. of it and W. of the road is J. Fadamo, which is very steep, rocky, and thickly wooded. Here Abd el Rahman’s people made their last stand against the Abyssinians, and it took 12 days’ fighting to clear the hill, both sides losing heavily. The final surrender was only induced by hunger.

Bomo

7 365 At Bomo there is a small village, but like all those seen in Beni Shangul, it is half deserted. It is very difficult to form an idea of how thickly the country is inhabited, as the bush completely shuts in all the villages. A good many were seen from the top of J. Fadamo, but it was a very misty day and it was hard to make them out distinctly.

Belfodio Khamis

5 370 This is the head-quarters of Fitaurari Mohammed Wad Hojali, brother of Abd el Rahman (Tur el Guri), and is generally called Khamis by the Abyssinians.

Famaka (Blue Nile) 60 430 Remainder of route in Sudan.

130. — РОСЕЙРЕС до АБУ-РАМЛЫ и ДУНКУРА.

Майором К. У. Гвинном, C.M.G., D.S.O., июнь 1901 г.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Roseires (Abramat) — — The road to Abu Ramla is a very narrow track much shut in by thick bush and grass. After rain the heavy clay soil produces a particularly heavy and sticky mud.

For 5 miles from the river the bush is very thick and soil very heavy. From the 5th to 10th mile the soil becomes more sandy and the bush is thinner. At 12th mile 3 large adansonias are passed; soil heavy clay but bush still open.

El Geri (Sheikh’s Village)

23 23 At the 16th mile the road reaches the El Geri hills and turns sharply north-east skirting their foot. These hills are not more than 200 feet high and are covered with low trees. They form a continuous mass though much broken and rocky. Along the northern slopes there is a quantity of bamboo, and road is stony. Skirting round north and north-east foot of the hills, road comes to a small Hameg village. Water (the first since Roseires) is obtained up a steep valley 1 mile south of the village. Road skirts the hills to this point, and then strikes off east again to J. Migin. Ground is nearly flat and clay very heavy, bush thick except at the 31st mile where there is a slight rise and open ground. Number of giraffe along the road.

J. Migin

14 37 J. Migin is a small rocky hill. At its northern end is a water hole in the rocks, which seldom is emptied, but which does not appear to be fed by a spring, so should not be depended on. There are said to be other water holes on the hills.

J. Abu Ramla 17 54 No water from this to Abu Ramla except after rain. Khor Madar, which flows to Khor Zagoli, crossed first branch at 44th mile, and second ½ mile further on. Road passes 1 mile south of J. Withwith and strikes the Abu Ramla mountain half-way along its west side, crossing the large dry Khor Aluk a mile before. Road then turns north and skirts round the northern foot of the mountain.

Mek’s Village

4 58 Mek Adam Wad Dafeir’s Village is at the foot of the north-east corner of the mountain. Several other small villages are passed before reaching. Water is obtained from wells in Khor Ramla, a mile east of the mountain, quality not good, but 100 animals were easily kept in water.

Mek is of Fung origin, but the inhabitants chiefly Gumz.

From Abu Ramla, the trade road to Dunkur passes through Abu Mendi my party left the main track however at the first point where Dinder is met, and after that no well defined track was found till a couple miles before the Khor Adabiba.

Khor Ramla

1 59 Leaving Abu Ramla, road strikes almost due east. The soil is much more sandy, and even in wet weather fairly good going. Bush generally very thick, principally low trees.

Khor Babeheir

9 68 Large pool in Khor Babeheir; a khor about 10 yards wide, rising in the Bongo Hills and flowing to the Dinder. Road skirts north of J. Abu Nesag, a low rocky hill. Road stony, and several small dry khors to cross.

J. Abu Nesag

1½ 69½

Khor Abujar (Abu Holgar) 5 74½ Khor Abujar, sandy bottom, was in flood when crossed, but would probably always contain water in pools or in wells, 50 yards wide, banks easy.

Khor Ainki

4 78½ Khor Ainki was in flood, only just fordable, gravelly bed, 50 yards wide; water always obtainable. Good camping ground, east bank. Just east of the khor there is a slight gravelly rise, but bush still very thick; no view obtainable. Road turns north-east to the Dinder.

Khor Barageili

5½ 84 Khor Barageili. Fair camping ground; water in pools.

Dinder R.

1½ 85½ Dinder is reached at the foot of small rocky hill, J. Mogumbi. Main road to Dunkur appears to skirt along the bank, but the ground is very broken and path is almost invisible. With a view to taking the most direct road, the expedition crossed the river—about 100 yards wide, stony, and rocky. Rapid flow of water, 2 feet deep. Guides missed the track, which was said to exist, but of which there was little or no sign, and when the Dinder was met again it was above the ford the guides had been making for. River was followed to the mouth of the Khor Abu Gemmeiz, where it was just fordable. Bush traversed was very thick; quantities of water buck, roan antelope, and other game.

Dinder and Khor 14 99½ River forded just above the junction—100 yards wide. River in partial flood, 3 feet deep. Skirted along left bank of Dinder along a disused track.

Khor Damu 5½ 105 Khor Damu, 20 yards wide, rocky with steep banks. Left river and reached 1st Terrace which marked the beginning of the foot hills. Path came in from south apparently from Abu Mendi.

1st Terrace 2 107

Khor Adabiba

1½ 108½ Khor Adabiba, small khor with large pools; water always found.

Dunkur (Sheikh Nasser’s) 9½ 118 The road touches the Dinder at 55th mile, and then turns towards the chief village of the Dunkur district, which lies in undulating ground about 2½ miles south of the Dinder. There is a considerable amount of cotton grown, and tribute to Kwara is paid in cotton. The natives are of a mixed Hamag and Gumz stock. Many of them can speak Amharic as well as Arabic. A few Abyssinians are generally to be found here.

131. — ДУНКУР до ГАЛЛАБАТА.

Майором К. У. Гвинном, июнь 1901 г.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Dunkur — —

Dinder

2½ 2½ About 100 yards wide, 3 feet deep; stream 3 miles an hour (but this was after rain). Banks easy, bed stony; a good deal of limestone in the river bed.

Khor Ajban

3½ 6 Country on north bank fairly open. Pool of good water in Khor Ajban.

Sheikh Hassan’s

1½ 7½ Sheikh Hassan’s Village small, and many of inhabitants have moved to Gallabat. At the first village, ½ mile beyond Khor Ajban, road branches east to Kwara.

Dardakara 6½ 14 Road stony, and crosses a number of khors—some dry, but most with good pools—before reaching the practically deserted village of Dardakara.

Adzko 1 15 Adzko also deserted.

Khor Adzko

1½ 16½ Large pool of good water in khor: road, very rough, skirting north side of J. Wadrabah.

Site of old Dunkur village in hills to east of road.

Khor Gelagu

4 20½ Village of Gelagu, on south side of khor, only contains 3 or 4 families. Khor is 20 yards wide; unlimited water supply, though little stream is apparent.

From Gelagu there is a road round the Umzenidi hill, but the more direct road is over the pass N.E. of the village—this is stony but fairly easy.

El Gulut (Khor Afar) 6½ 27 El Gulut is a considerable Kunjara village on the Khor Afar (a good sized khor with water in pools). From Gulut there is a road to Kwara. A good deal of cotton is grown in neighbourhood. There is a direct route from El Gulut to the Khor Dibaba, near J. Bayisa, but a more easterly route through Magumbal (a deserted village) avoids the cotton soil.

Magumbal 5 32

Khor Dibaba

6½ 38½ Khor Dibaba, 30 yards wide with large pools, is crossed about 1 mile west of J. Bayisa. A very large wild fig tree at the crossing.

Seraf Ardeiba

9½ 48 Up to this point water is plentiful, but none is met with crossing the watershed between Rahad and Dinder. Road is well marked and good. Very little water in the Seraf Ardeiba. Road skirting this khor is rough.

Rahad R.

5 53 Rahad about 50 yards wide, very slight flow of water between large pools. Bed stony. Many crocodiles in pools. Good camping grounds either bank.

Khor Andeiogo 4 57 On north bank of Rahad there is cotton soil, trees not so thick but more grass. Khor Andeiogo would generally be dry but there is a small pool east of the road. J. Dagarish, a low wooded hill, lies on the road at 59th mile. Khor Teir is a large dry khor.

Khor Tair 6½ 63½

No water obtainable.

Shortly after crossing Khor Teir, ascent of the escarp, extending from J. Madbura to J. Belula, and forming the watershed between Rahad and Atbara, begins.

The ascent of the lower spurs of J. Belula is pretty steep.

New Shangal 9½ 73 New Shangal is on the watershed and has only recently been built.

Shangal

1½ 74½ Shangal Khor is the first place after passing the Rahad that water can be relied on.

Gallabat 4½ 79 On the top of the escarp, cultivation begins and extends at intervals to Gedaref.

132. — ФАЗОГЛИ до КИРИНА.

Лейтенантом Джексоном, Королевские инженеры, январь 1900 г.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Fazogli — — Follow Kukuru road for ½ mile, then keep to right and follow road leading about N.N.W. in the direction of Famaka. Gradual ascent to crest of ridge forming watershed parallel to Fazogli ridge, along which road runs. Numerous small khors run down on either side to join the river on the N., or the K. Akluli on the S.

Some tukls forming part of the village of Fazogli.

Khor Mogo ¼ 1¼ Road descends abruptly and crosses the Khor Mogo, and shortly afterwards the Khor Kulili. Both these khors about 15 feet wide with steep rocky banks.

Khor Kulili ¼ 1½

Road now rises and crosses the outlying spurs of J. Fazogli. Extremely rough going and ground covered with large boulders and rocks. River only about 200 yards off in places, with Famaka plainly visible on opposite bank. Left bank of river here consists of perpendicular rock from 10 to 30 feet high.

(Forked Roads) 1½ 3 Road continues extremely hilly and difficult until third mile, where road divides, that on the right leading to Deshalu and Abu Shaneina.

The road now takes a S.W. direction and descends gradually into a flat bush. Road good, and level except where it crosses khors.

Khor Annis Sanganni ¾ 3¾ Fifteen yards broad, high banks. On the further side cultivation begins and continues with a few intervals of bush the whole way to Masarkum. Dura is the chief product and is of all three kinds. The crop appears to be a very fine one.

Ainyet (not visited) 1¼ 5 Road on right leading to Ainyet (not visited). Said to be a large village.

Khor (?) 1 6 Small khor, 5 yards wide, low banks.

Ragreig Village 3¾ 9¾ For the next mile the cultivation appears to be particularly good and the bush begins and continues almost without interruption until within ½ mile of Ragreig—small village—scattered tukls.

Khor (?) ¼ 10 Much cultivation. Small khor with sandy bottom. Road follows bed for 250 yards.

Ragreig Village 1½ 11½ Straggling village on low ridge running N. and S., at present uninhabited, Tukls in a bad state of repair, and the whole place overgrown with grass.

Abu Gara ¾ 12¼ Compact and well kept. The residence of the brother of the Mek of Fazogli.

Khor Tumat ½ 12¾ Quarter mile further on through the dura fields the Khor Tumat is reached. About 200 or 300 yards broad here. Very shallow level bed, sandy. Road goes straight on, crossing it diagonally to where it is joined by the Khor Masarkum. Some pools of very dirty stagnant water here. Better water to be obtained about ¼ mile up the Khor Masarkum from the holes dug in the bed of the khor by the inhabitants of this place. The water also is very bad however and full of mud.

Khor Masarkum

¼ 13

Masarkum (Sheikh Bikori)

¼ 13¼ A fair sized village, surrounded by dura fields. Rest house. Sheep, eggs, and milk (cows) readily obtained. There is (1900) only one cow however in the town, the remainder having been looted by Dervishes.

Leaving Masarkum the road runs south-west along a ridge or plateau on the left bank of the Khor Masarkum. The ground on this side of the khor is much smoother, and there is little thorn as far as J. Burgan. On the opposite side the bush appears to be thick. There is a quantity of cultivation; dura grown to a great height and producing fine ears. All soil appears good. Several villages are visible on the north side of the road. All go by the name of Ragreig which is probably the word for the class of slaves or serfs that inhabit them. Road very good.

J. Burgan 4¾ 18 A low hill south of road marks the limit of cultivation, and from this the bush is thicker, though there is little thorn, chiefly low large leaved trees, like young oaks, and thin grass.

Khor Masarkum (1st crossing) 1¼ 19¼ Khor Masarkum is crossed four times. It is here known as Khor Timsah. At the first crossing water still in natural pools, and at third crossing obtainable by digging. It is about 20 feet wide, with sandy bottom, and vertical banks 12 feet high. Probably unfordable in flood.

3rd crossing

2¼ 21½

After fourth crossing a dry and waterless country is entered. Hardly any khors, and these extremely small. One patch of cultivation surrounded by a zeriba about ½ mile beyond last crossing. Otherwise thin bush and grass. Road good on the whole, but there is a good deal of loose stone.

J. Farfira (Pass) 4 25½ Road runs along foot of this jebel for some distance, and then crosses it by a pass about 200 feet high. Ascent and descent rough and stony, but not very difficult for donkeys. Rest house here.

Road now keeps close to the foot of J. Farfira, and keeping its original direction, leaves J. Gamella on the right.

South of J. Gamella there are more traces of water, and the khors become more frequent and larger. Country undulating.

Khor El Hassan

8¾ 34¼ Khor with hard shingle bed about 30 yards broad. High steep banks. Rest house here. Water good and plentiful, but only by digging. Tributary of the Khor Tumat flowing northwards.

After crossing khor, country again flat and waterless, and covered with thin bush and grass.

J. Gami 3½ 37¾ Road skirts northern spur and then runs in a south easterly direction towards centre of J. Ragreig. Ground now becomes uneven and much intersected by small khors flowing from the neighbouring hills to join Khor Shikatar. This khor rises in J. Ragreig and is at this point about 10 yards broad. Rocks and gravel in bed. Low banks.

The hills comprising J. Ragreig form a horseshoe, up the central valley between the horns of which the road runs. After crossing the Khor Shikatar for the first time, the road gradually ascends a spur running down from the main or western ridge of J. Ragreig. About ¼ mile further on it gradually returns to the valley, and crossing the Khor Shikatar it rises to the pass between the main peak of Ragreig and the conical peak immediately east of it.

Road follows course of Khor Shikatar roughly. Ascent nowhere very steep, but rough and stony. Thick bush and trees in the valley.

J. Ragreig 4½ 42¼ The pass over which the road runs is roughly 250 feet high. Nothing can be seen to the north without ascending one of the two peaks on either side, owing to trees; to the south a good view of the country can be seen, especially J. Keili, distant about 7 miles. This pass forms the boundary between Fazogli and Keili. Guides state that ridge west of road belonged to Fazogli, and that east of road to Keili. Jebel was originally inhabited, but is now deserted. Inhabitants have gone, some to Fazogli, some to Keili, forming the various Ragreig villages which are scattered about. Descent from pass on south side much steeper than ascent on north. Road zigzags at first, and then runs straight down, passing between two small jebels. Very rough and stony. Jebel on right inhabited by Ragreig people, no name obtainable.

Country now very level again with slope downwards towards J. Keili. Thin bush and grass. Road good.

Khor Magansor 2½ 44¾ Thirty yards wide. Rocky bed. High banks. No water at present.

Khor Ofat

½ 45¼ Twenty yards wide. Bed here full of rocks. Water plentiful. Pools still remaining, but water stagnant, and it is necessary to dig to obtain good water (Jan. 1900).

½ 45¾ Cultivation now begins opposite northern extremity of J. Keili, but only in patches, which are enclosed in thorn zaribas. Chiefly dura.

Road runs through centre of level ground lying between J. Keili on the right and Jebels Anguba and Fashola on the left.

1½ 47¼ Cultivation becomes continuous, extending to foot of jebels on either side of road. Large trees scattered about, especially near jebels. Mek’s house lies at the foot of J. Keili, opposite J. Fashola.

Keili (camp under J. Fashola) 1 48¼

There is no regular village, as the tukls are scattered round at the foot of the hills. All the centre part of the valley is more or less under water during the rains.

Rest house here. Supplies of all kinds except vegetables and fruit are plentiful. I counted one herd of 20 fine cows on first entering valley. Natives will take Egyptian money, but seem to prefer empty bottles or necklaces, soap would probably go well. Donkeys are scarce, and it is difficult to hire or buy.

Road on leaving valley skirts J. Fashola closely, and then heads nearly due south for J. Kamye.

Towards south and west there is a stretch of apparently unbroken flat bush to the horizon. Cultivation ceases almost directly.

Khor Gulbis 1½ 49¾ Ten yards wide, said to flow into Blue Nile near Abu Shaneina.

At 2 miles from Keili there is a knoll on some high ground, with a large and prominent tree, which forms a good landmark when approaching from the north.

J. Kamye — — A low lying range of round-topped hills. No rock showing, grass right up to summit. Road passes through outlying spurs and knolls of this jebel on the western side. Come cultivation on northern slopes, and a great deal (chiefly dura) on the south-west.

Khor Dunga 4 53¾ Leaving J. Kange on right, road passes through some low ground covered with bamboo, probably swampy in rainy season, crossing Khor Dunga, 10 yards wide.

Road now crosses a succession of small khors, all running west to join the Khor Timsah. Low ridges between khors.

Khor Umburri 3¾ 57 Ten yards wide, steep banks, sandy bed, bush becomes thicker beyond this khor.

Khor Ahemir 1¾ 58¾ Five yards wide, low banks where road crosses; joins Khor Timsah about ¾ mile further west.

Khor Timsah

¼ 59 Twenty yards wide, very rocky bed, steep banks; flows about due west where crossed by road, but turns north about ¼ mile further down stream. Probably joins Khor Gulbis.

One large and deep pool of water at present, where road crosses, supply considerable, and fish can be caught in it; very muddy water, but appears to be good.

Road becomes more level now, and fewer small khors to cross.

J (?) 2¼ 61¼ Low hills, thickly covered with grass and bush.

Road runs up a central spur. Ascent gradual and road fairly good. Descent on north side also along spur, but steeper; road not so good, and covered with loose stones.

Khor Gummi 2¾ 64 Twelve yards wide; stones in bed.

Khor Mingil ½ 64½ A small shall khor. Hills (J. Mingil) now begin on either side. Road good, no steep gradients. Bush all over the hills, very thick in the valleys, but thinner, and long grass on top.

J. Kurmuk 3¾ 68¼ Gradual descent to foot of J. Kurmuk. Tukls scattered round jebel, but probably not very many inhabitants.

Latter all fled at our approach, and very little information could be obtained. No water near road, but a little is said to be procurable further round jebel. Apparently nothing for sale.

Road to Dul now turns off in a more easterly direction, and takes a straight course towards the jebel, which is plainly visible. Country quite flat and shallow until Khor El Dahab is reached. Bush thick. Probably wet and boggy during rains.

Khor Wirta ½ 68¾ Five yards wide, sandy bed. Just after this khor a road branches off to right, which, according to the guides, is used as an alternative road to Dul in wet weather, it rejoins the main road further on.

Khor el Dahab

3½ 72¼ Twenty yards wide, banks steep, about 20 feet high, sandy bed. Winds very much in and out amongst these bends for some distance before actually crossing it. Good water obtainable here at present, also at a place about 200 yards before that, at which the road crosses khor. Gold found here about ¼ mile before crossing khor; there are a number of circular shaft about 3 feet in diameter, and some about as much as 20 feet deep, from which the earth is taken. This is the first important khor in the basin of the White Nile.

Khor Goshindo 2¾ 75 Small khor with steep banks.

Road now becomes hilly, and follows edge of high ground, the ground on the left falling away rapidly to khor in valley below.

Dul 2¼ 77¼ No actual town, but a number of tukls scattered about outlying spurs of Dul, also on north side of valley, and khor, which runs down in a north-westerly direction from the hills.

The natives depend entirely upon the gold which they find, and import all supplies from Gomasha. Nothing seems to be grown in this country. They are an idle and very unintelligent people, and are unwilling to be of any assistance. They seem to be genuinely afraid of the Abyssinians. Water plentiful and fairly good obtained in khor.

Road now takes a southerly direction and skirts the eastern slopes of J. Dul, winding in and out amongst its spurs. Road rough in places and stony, but on the whole good. Tukls on all the high ground.

Khor Biberis 1½ 78¾ Small khor with rocky bed.

Khor Adunga ½ 79¼ Small shallow khor. Gold pits along banks.

Arakuba ¼ 79½ A collection of a few tukls on the main jebel.

Khor Udanduk 1¼ 80¾ Actual channel 5 yards wide, it has low banks, and evidently overflows its banks. Road crosses it just beyond the south-western spur of J. Dul, and heads direct for J. Mindon.

Khor Gensogala ¼ 81 Five yards wide, sandy bed.

(Forked roads) ¼ 81¼ Road divides; that on right going to Kirin viâ Kumfo, and Jebels Beldoesu and Fana Gamenta; that on the left viâ Goha, Asosa, and Fadasi.

The former is a direct road, and could easily be made fairly good by clearing bamboo and levelling. It is very little used, however, and there are no villages along it. Water is somewhat scarce. The latter, as far as we went, is a very bad hilly road; but a great trade route and very much used. Probably good when once the watershed is crossed.

— 81¼ Take right hand road at fork (left to Gomasha). Road crosses a number of small khors. Ground between low-lying, and would probably be mostly under water during rains. A great deal of bamboo. Road difficult to find.

Khor Ageheni

¾ 82 Broad shallow khor with low banks and sandy bed. Road followed by us did not cross khor at this point, but took us some distance more to the west before doing so. We were without guides, however, and the road is difficult to follow. Probably we made an unnecessary detour. Plenty of water just below the surface. Natives were washing gold just below where we crossed; their tukls are scattered all about here.

1¼ 83¼

J. Kumfo 1¾ 85 Small jebels with tukls on them; a little cultivation; road passes west of them.

Khor (?) 1 86 Road passes between jebels, crossing small khor, very rough and rocky, and sides of khor steep. Road runs now along eastern slopes of hills. Very rough and covered with bamboo, which brings rate of progress of caravan down to about 2 miles per hour. From here to the camp by the small khor S. of Khor Delligi.

Khor Belligi 1¼ 87¼ Twenty five yards broad, very shallow, sandy bed. No water.

Khor (?) 1 88¼ Small khor with very rocky bed and difficult crossing for Hamla. Two large pools of very good water (Jan. 1900).

Road continues in a south-easterly direction. Bush on both sides, but a small patch of cultivation on the right at one place.

(Forked roads) 1 89¼ Road divides; take right hand branch, leading straight towards J. Beldoesu.

1 90¼ Two small shallow khors, 15 yards wide, sandy.

Khor (?) 1¼ 91½ Khor 20 yards wide, a little water on digging.

J. Beldoesu — — Road now keeps along western slopes of J. Beldoesu. Numerous small deep khors to cross, and ground exceedingly rough and difficult for Hamla. On leaving J. Beldoesu road improves and runs up and across valley between J. Fanaoge and J. Fanagamenta.

K. Zalan

5¼ 96¾ A large quantity of excellent water in pools in the rock. Best place for Hamla to cross is by a sandbank, just above the rock.

Beyond Khor Zalan the road is fairly good, but progress of Hamla is very much hampered by the bamboo.

(Pass) 6¼ 103 Road gradually ascends, and finally runs over a low and easy pass between J. Fanaoge and J. Fanagamenta. Pass about 200 feet high. Descent on south side along eastern slopes of valley. Khors are numerous and very deep, but no water. Road extremely rough and hilly.

Khor Ahrakad

5¼ 108¼ Small khor with stony bed. A little water on digging, but supply salty and very limited. This khor is not actually crossed by the road at the point where best water is found, but lies a short distance to the east.

J. Taza — — A fair sized jebel with two peaks and extremely steep sides. Road passes west of it.

Khor Lashe ¾ 109 Small khor with steep banks.

¾ 109¾ Road forks; keep to right.

Khor Turus(or Yander) ½ 110¼ Broad khor with stony bed.

J. Belsuri — — Road now passes between J. Belsuri on left and J. Hode on right. Rather hilly and rough.

J. Hode — — These hills are inhabited, and there is some cultivation.

1¼ 111½ Forked roads in open space; keep to left.

In the valley, through which road now runs, there is a great deal of cultivation. Flat bush as far as the eye can reach towards south and south-west.

Khor Gaduk

3 114½ Small khor with steep banks, a little muddy water still left above ground (Jan. 1900).

Agani 1½ 116 A few tukls; a considerable quantity of cultivation, chiefly dura.

(Forked roads) 1 117 Forked roads; keep to right.

(Forked roads) 1½ 118½ Forked roads—keep to left.

Khor (?) ¼ 118¾ Small khor 10 yards wide—south bank steep.

Ashuli ¼ 119 A few tukls surrounded by cultivation. Road turns to left and then bears round to right, and skirts the southern slopes of J. Gushu; rough in places, but good on the whole.

J. Gushu — —

Khor Shugalu (Khor Befar) ¾ 119¾ Large khor with high steep banks, sandy bed. Good water plentiful; much cultivation along banks, including onions, water-melons, &c.

After crossing khor, ground rather uneven and grass and bush rather thick, until you get close to J. Kirin. Open ground along its base.

Kirin (Sheikh Hamed’s House) 1½ 121¼ Tukls scattered all round the jebel, but most of the big men seem to live close to this place.

Open ground at base of hill, and very good place for camp at present, but might be wet during rainy season. Water taken from wells in sand about ¼ mile away, rather muddy, and of a thick white colour like milk. Supply scanty at present, and our party finally took their water from Khor Shugalu. Inhabitants most friendly. Sheep, pigs, chickens, eggs, and dura in overwhelming quantities, were sent as presents. Onions and milk (goats) can be obtained, but supply is limited.

People are ready to sell for gold (native, in rings), beads, soap, old bottles, tins, &c. Beads (blue or red) seem to be the chief thing required. Salt is also good. We got rid of a few fasses, but iron does not seem to be in request. Spear heads are no good. Cloth of the most brilliant colours possible would probably also go well. Sheikh Hamed has large stores of dura in tukls on the hill, and sold it to us at 3 gold rings (each worth about 45 piastres) the ardeb. There is a small quantity of semsem (5 rings the ardeb) and lubia.

From Kirin the road runs straight on nearly due south. Some bad rocky places, until the spurs of the mountain are all left behind, the road then level and fairly good, passing through bush of varying thickness, but with very little thorn in it, and patches of bamboo along the banks of the khors.

133. — КИРИН до КОДОКА.

Майором К. У. Гвинном, апрель 1903 г.

В апреле 1903 года из Кирина в Кодок был отправлен смешанный караван (вьючный транспорт) — мулы, ослы и верблюды.

Дождя не было, но в соседней местности воды было найдено больше, чем в предыдущие годы, поэтому условия водоснабжения можно считать нормальными для середины сухого сезона, но более благоприятными, чем обычно для самого конца сухого сезона.

Признанной тропы не было, и проводников из Кирина получить не удалось, также невозможно было бы получить проводников-динка для совершения путешествия в обратном направлении.

Выбранный маршрут не обязательно является лучшим, так как проводники, вероятно, отклонялись от него из-за междоусобных стычек между деревнями или по другим причинам.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Kirin — — From Kirin there are several tracks leading west to the farm village belonging to Ahmed Wad Yimr.

Khor Yabus at junction with Khor Serekoli 13 13 Water is obtainable at several places, vide Map.

The Khor Yabus known to the Gallas as Ayaya, and to the Khomas as Kizi, is a strong flowing stream 40 feet wide and 1 foot deep, rocky bottom and wooded banks. Soil in neighbourhood mostly sandy and firm. Stream full of fish, which many Kirin people come to catch and dry. Fishing places do not extend more than 20 miles west of Kirin.

As I had been told the Khor Yabus took a sharp bend S. after clearing the hills I chose the left bank, so as to avoid missing the turn. The ground near the khor was stony and broken by side khors, so marched well clear of stream. Ground firm and bush not thick enough to be an obstacle. If grass had not been burnt going would have been difficult.

Khor Mia

13 26 Went to Yabus for water at its junction with a large khor (probably Khor Mia), coming from the Khoma mountains. The character of the Yabus had changed, and now ran over a level sandy bed, water 6 inches deep, banks cotton soil, marshy and high grass jungle. Country on either side almost entirely open, but large trees by the khor. Country from this point to the beginning of Burun villages swarms with game—buffalo and elephant. Hunting parties from Kirin, with rifles, constantly about.

Khor 5 31 Kept clear of banks of khor again, which were swampy and had thick jungle in places. Country away from river open and slightly undulating.

J. Belshingi and Jebel Belatoma 1 32 Cotton soil, but fair going. Khor passes between Jebel Belshingi on N. bank and J. Belatoma on S. A rocky outlying knoll of latter close to stream gives a fair camping ground at its base. A wide marshy khor comes from the south just before reaching this knoll.

Knoll

3 35 The Yabus winds round the south end of J. Belshingi and spreads out into two marshy lakes, a small rocky knoll forming the extreme south end of J. Belshingi (though on opposite side of khor) lying between the lakes.

The north bank of Yabus is wooded, but country to south is open. Bed of stream winds through wide marshy belt. Skirting the marsh, game tracks gave good going.

Village (deserted) (?) Mago 4 39 First Burun village was deserted. Found it had been raided by Kirin people two months before, and Sheikh Digga had been killed. Village had evidently been occupied since. From this village found a good track, and, after 3 miles, bush became thick; many dom palms.

N’yunka

4 43 N’yunka, a collection of villages among dom thickets. No men at first to be seen, but surprised some women who shortly induced men to appear. Latter very frightened at first. All armed with long bows, wooden pointed featherless arrows and generally a spear, and quite naked.

Yabus crossing

9 52 A good track ran through wooded country S. of the Yabus, passing the villages of Toma, N’dinga, Bane Bugga, Ote, Onka and the villages of Sheikh Washa. At these latter crossed the Yabus, which from this point turns S.W. The Buruns could not give me any clear account of where it went to, but thought it discharged into Sobat. I believe it opens out into a swampy lake which also receives the Sonka, and part of the water from this may make its way to the Sobat near Nasser and part into the Khor Adar. When last seen there was a good flow of water. The country to S.W. appeared to be thickly wooded, and I could not ascertain to what extent it was inhabited.