«Англо-египетский Судан: Справочник для офицеров правительства Судана, Том 2»

Сводка с указанием приблизительных расстояний и продолжительности пути в днях.

Place. Miles. Days.

Assiut —

—

Kharga 126

5

Bulak 15

½

Beris 38

1½

Maks 9 ⎱

⎰ 3

Bir Murra 78

Kassaba 67

2½

Sheb 25

1

Selima 82

3

Lagia 140

5

Bir Sultan 157

6

J. Meidob (J. Anka 270) 190

7

El Fasher (El Fasher 110) 140

5½

1,067

40

123. — АСУАН до ДЕРАХЕЙБА.

Составлено на основе отчета г-на Дженнингса-Брэмли (1902 г.).

Примечание: расстояния являются лишь приблизительными и могут быть занижены.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Aswan

— — The road from Aswan to the well of Um Habal passes through a country destitute of any vegetation, but the road is well marked, being constantly used by the Eshabab charcoal burners going to Aswan, and the Bisharin, who go to the same market to buy corn.

Bir Um Habal

43 43 The two most marked points are the J. Butitulub, from which the tomb on the hill opposite the Aswan Commandania can be seen, and J. Umsuan on the Demhit range. The distance from Aswan to Bir Um Habal is a good day and a half with hamla. Bir Um Habal had plenty of good water at about 30 feet from the surface in June, but the level varies according to rainfall, though, according to the Arabs, water is never at any great distance from the surface.

From Bir Um Habal the road still lies through the hills, but soon leaving these crosses an open sandy plain, without vegetation of any kind. At the end of the first day after leaving Um Habal the road again winds between small rocky hills. The hills of J. Negib were evidently at one time mined, as there are the remains of old houses and signs of the quartz having been worked in many places.

Bir Negib

55 98 Wadi Negib has a few sayal trees; the water is good and plentiful. Bir Heimer, about 3 hours’ march south, was formerly garrisoned by the Eshabab. There is always water there. The wadis we now passed had always a certain amount of camel fodder, but the grazing would be sufficient only for a small number of animals, and it would be necessary to go some way from the beaten track to find it. Once Jebel Gedir is reached the track runs through small wadis with hilly sides, and soon the Wadi Murra is reached; some way up this wadi there is a well, Bir Murra, which, as its name denotes, is bitter.

Bir Heimer

6 104

Bir Murra

18 122

Ongwat

16 138 Once the Wadi Murra is reached the hills are left behind, and after about 5 miles the Wadi Alagi is reached; the wadi here is nothing but a flat bed of sand held in between low slate hills. The Wadi Ongwat, now followed, is at its junction with the Wadi Alagi profusely grown with handal (Colocynth) plant; but has only a few trees. The well of Ongwat is in the hills of J. Ongwat; it is not more than 3 feet deep, and has plenty of good water.

J. Maksam — — The Bir Ongwat is the boundary between the Eshabab and Aliab tribes, though the well itself belongs to the Eshabab. A road runs from Bir Ongwat to Bir Abu Tabag; but the most direct road to Bir Eigat is straight to J. Maksam, high red granite hills, in which, after rain, much good water can be found. Through one end of the granite hills, before reaching El Deiga, a road runs, joining Heimer and Abu Tabag direct.

The Wadi Alagi is very broad opposite J. Maksam, with only a tree here and there growing in its bed. At times during the rains this part of the wadi is cultivated. El Deiga, a pass through which the Wadi Alagi cuts the small hills at the northern extremity of J. Maksam, is also a boundary between the Eshabab and Eliab. The Wadi Alagi, from El Deiga to Bir Jugub, is bounded by small hills to the south and rather larger to the north. Except for a sayal or selem tree here and there no vegetation is to be found in the wadi.

Jugub 40 178 In the Wadi Jugub there is a well belonging to the Aliab (Kurbeilab), which is sometimes opened according to the pasturage. This wadi had more vegetation than any we had passed up to that time; there were growing besides the ordinary selem a few marakh trees.

From Jugub to Eigat the road leaves the Alagi, passing through low hills to the north. J. Eigat can be seen from Jebel Jugub, and it could also be seen from J. Maksam if that hill were climbed.

Eigat

27 205 There is a continuous line of high hills from Bir Jugub to El Eigat, running nearly parallel with the road at some 5 miles to the north. These were El Jugub, J. Hadaiber, J. Adrak, J. Eigat. The Wadi Eigat is well grown with marakh, heglig, sayal, selem, tundub and usher. It is a great contrast in its greenness to the Wadi Alagi, left the day before. The water at Eigat is near the surface, sometimes running, and at no time in the year more than a few feet down. The well belongs to the Aliab tribe.

There are at Eigat many signs that in olden times the hills were extensively mined. The road from Eigat to Bir Neshd in the Wadi Alagi is bad, but passable, though hamla camels have some trouble in passing.

The easier road, though four or five times longer, is down the Wadi Eigat and then across into the Alagi, which it follows to Neshd. Everywhere among the hills, from Eigat to the Alagi, along the direct road, are signs of old mining colonies. The Alagi here is green with vegetation, the arak grows everywhere, with marakh and heglig, and of course sayal and selem trees.

Neshd

10 215 The well of Neshd, about half a mile up the Wadi Neshd, on the southern side of the Alagi, belongs to the Kurbeilab-Aliab. There is always good water here, but, owing to the rocks, camels cannot approach right up to the well. At Bir Kamotit, which is some half a mile up the wadi, the water is good but rather tainted by the herds that water at it. This well is the property of the Hadl family.

Kamotit

4½ 219½

From Bir Kamotit to the Deraheib the road always follows the Wadi Alagi, which is everywhere well grown with sayal, the bean of which is excellent food for sheep, goats or camels. We saw many traces of the wild donkey, but did not actually see one.

Deraheib 9½ 229 Old mining colony. No well.

124. — КАССАЛА до МАССАУА.

Лейтенантом Г. Х. С. Морантом (1898 г.); дополнено материалами из отчетов полковника достопочтенного М. Г. Тэлбота (1900 г.) и г-на Ф. Б. Холера (1901 г.).

Общее описание. Дорога. Общее направление на Массауа из Кассалы — почти строго на восток. От Сабдерата до Керена итальянцы расчистили дорогу шириной около 50 футов, с которой были убраны большинство камней и вся растительность, за исключением редких крупных деревьев баобаба (тебельди). Она настолько четко обозначена, что незнакомец мог бы идти по ней даже темной ночью. Единственным затруднительным местом является низкое седло у Биши, где (в 1900 г.) еще оставалось много работы. Своими длинными прямыми линиями она сильно напоминает старые римские дороги; она пересекает овраги и русла рек под любым углом, под которым они встречаются, но на многих более крутых подъемах и спусках были прорезаны узкие пандусы. В нескольких местах вдоль дороги итальянцы вырыли новые каменные колодцы.

Прилагаемый отчет о дороге был составлен до строительства этой недавно расчищенной дороги, которая от Сабдерата до Даура-Обеля проходит севернее старого маршрута через Альгеден и Эладаль, и подробной информации о водоснабжении на этом участке пути под рукой нет, хотя считается, что для обычного путешественника в этом отношении нет никаких трудностей.

От Керена до Асмэры, а оттуда после многих зигзагов до Саати, проложена отличная проезжая дорога шириной около 14 футов, за исключением участка длиной около 6 миль перед Азтеклезаном, который (на апрель 1900 г.) не был завершен до полной ширины, но уже был пригоден для колесного транспорта. На всем протяжении этой мощеной дороги уклоны местами неизбежно довольно крутые; километры отмечены на всем пути.

Местность. От Кассалы до Керена общий характер местности сильно напоминает большую часть пути между Кассалой и Суакином и, как правило, состоит из ровных безводных равнин с твердой почвой, местами песчаной или гравийной, покрытых мелкой короткой травой и разбросанными кустарниками акации, и пересеченных кое-где неглубокими песчаными хорами, которые во время сезона дождей отводят воду с каменистых вулканических холмов и гранитных холмов-коппи, столь характерных для этой конкретной части Африки.

От Керена до Массауа характер местности полностью меняется, и безводные равнины и колючие акации маршрута Кассала — Керен сменяются проточными ручьями и отвесными горами, поросшими молочаем и дикими оливковыми деревьями, как на подъеме к плато Асмэра, так и на спуске к приморской равнине Массауа.

Вьючные животные. Для всего путешествия наиболее подходят мулы, но до Керена отлично подходят верблюды. От Керена до Массауа через Асмэру — колесный транспорт, мулы или лошади. Если выбран прямой пустынный маршрут от Керена до Массауа, желательны, если не обязательны, верблюды.

Снабжение. Молоко, козы, крупный рогатый скот и т. д. встречаются на всем протяжении маршрута, как и в других частях Судана.

Через определенные промежутки времени встречаются небольшие буфеты, в Керене есть неплохие магазины, а в Асмэре и Массауа — хорошие лавки, где можно приобрести большинство товаров первой необходимости.

Вода. Если возникнет необходимость переместить по этому маршруту отряд численностью более роты, следует навести справки о состоянии водоснабжения, так как оно значительно меняется в зависимости от времени года.

Жители. В целом, жители между Кассалой и Кереном — это бени-амер; далее — смешанный тип абиссинцев и т. д.

Климат. Климат вдоль этого маршрута в целом хороший. Между Кассалой — Кереном и Гиндой — Массауа в марте, апреле и мае определенно жарко — вероятно, и в другие месяцы тоже. Это также наиболее подверженные лихорадке участки маршрута, хотя, вероятно, ни одна его часть не является столь нездоровой, как Кассала. Между морем и Агордатом в апреле случаются так называемые итальянцами «малые дожди», что означает очень сильные грозы; они прекращаются до конца месяца, а собственно сезон дождей начинается ближе к концу мая.

Климат на плато Асмэра считается восхитительным, хотя, возможно, дожди там чрезмерны.

Дичь. Вдоль этого маршрута дичи мало или нет совсем, за исключением участка между Кассалой и Кереном, где можно встретить ариэлей, газелей, дик-диков и цесарок.

Маршрут (с января по март).

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Kassala — — Head Quarters of the Kassala Province (fully described in Vol. I). From here the road follows the telegraph line and runs nearly due E. between Jebels Mokrani and Kassala, over a level more or less open plain to Sabderat, the village of which name is situated on the northern side of the gorge, through which flows Khor Tamarat, and is about 1½ miles on the Italian side of the frontier, which is plainly marked by pillars. Here there is a telegraph office and well with a never-failing and plentiful supply of good water.

Sabderat

17 17

Metaui (Algeden) 10 27 From this point a road has been cleared by the Italians which runs nearly perfectly straight to the vicinity of Daura Obel, where it bends to the S., and thence follows the old track. This latter leads from Sabderat to Metaui, where a good well was found (in 1898). The Arabs using the well, however, apparently live at a distance, and were not seen.

Aradeb

12½ 39½ From here the road ascends a col, and high ground continues on the right for about 5 miles, after which the road leads over a level bush-covered plain, and after passing two unimportant detached jebels, a well, named Aradeb, close to the northern end of the second jebel, is reached. Plenty of shade, but very little water (April, 1898). The path continues good over a level plain with scattered bush until Eladal is reached. Here there is a telegraph office, but only one well with extremely little water (April, 1898). Continuing, the track, after crossing a low saddle, traverses a defile with high rocky jebels on either side for about 5 miles, and then, after crossing a wooded basin, ascends a high saddleback, from the summit of which a fine view is obtainable. From here the track descends by a rather steep and rocky pass to the wells of Daura Obel, which lie in the bed of a khor which finds an exit to the S., being shut in on three sides by high ground. After 2 miles this high ground is left behind, and a similar distance further on another khor is crossed, apparently flowing N. It must be somewhere near this point that the new-cleared road previously referred to joins in.

Eladal

12½ 52

Daura Obel

14 66

Bisha

14 80 A level plain, covered with open bush, is now traversed, and after passing between two detached hills, Bisha is reached. Here there is a telegraph office and small village, situated on the side of the hill, about 1½ miles N.E. of the well, where there appeared to be plenty of water (April, 1898). Two miles from the well the road crosses the top of a saddle from which a good view E. and W. is obtainable. The road then descends a stony ravine, about 1 mile in length, and a sign board was passed, pointing S., “To Well”; thence across the usual bush-covered plain to Shaglet, where there are rest tukls and many dom palms. In the khor close by, a tributary of the Baraka, there are several good wells.

Shaglet

12 92

Agordat

14 106 From near Shaglet the hills of Agordat are visible, and after traversing a plain (the scene of the first battle of Agordat) covered with scattered bush and intersected by several khors, the dom palms fringing the Khor Baraka are reached at the foot of the hills (100 feet high?), on which are built the twin fortresses of Agordat. These, however, are both commanded within artillery range from the S. There are one or more wells with any amount of good water to which there is a covered way from the main fort. Population 8,000. But few stores can be purchased here. The climate is hot and considered unhealthy, though it is the only station in the colony, except perhaps Massawa, that can be compared with Kassala in that respect.

Adarte

17 123 The road now crosses the sandy bed of the Khor Baraka and traverses an undulating, tolerably open plain (the scene of the second fight with the Dervishes), and recrossing the Baraka about 7 miles further on continues up its valley to Adarte, where there are wells with rather a meagre water supply. From here the path continues up the scattered bush-covered valley of a tributary of the Baraka, until Agat is reached; here there are several wells, and water seems plentiful. After leaving Agat, the valley narrows considerably, though the plain which bears slight indications of cultivation (the first seen since leaving Kassala) continues level until reaching the foot of the somewhat steep ascent to the plateau (4,470 feet approx.) on which the fortress and town of Keren are situated. This of course belonged to Egypt in the old days, and was then known as Senhit, from the name of a small village still existing. The fort, which is built on a detached hill about 150 feet high, contains a well, but is itself commanded by the hills to the S. and S.W. within comparatively easy artillery range.

Agat

10 133

Keren

11 144

The water supply is good, but fuel is scarce in the immediate neighbourhood. There is a rather large market, some good stores, canteens, Post and Telegraph Office, &c. The climate here is comparatively cool and healthy.

After quitting Keren, the general character of the country changes almost at once, and a series of precipitous hills and mountains, with perennial streams, are encountered.

Khor Anseba

6½ 150½ The best route to Massaua is that by the new metalled coach road viâ Asmara. This road, after traversing undulating country for about 8½ miles crosses the bed of the Khor Anseba, in which are pools during most of the dry season.

From here there is an almost continuous ascent till reaching Azteklesan.

Halibaret

6½ 157 Six and a half miles further on the narrow stream of Halibaret is met; good running water.

From here there is a direct caravan route to Massaua, but water along it is rather scarce, especially in the dry season.

[The following is an account:—

[Halibaret — 157 Leaving Halibaret by the direct track at the bottom of the valley the path is open, level, and easy. There is a little water to be found in the valley of the Maldi, but it is scarce in the Beloa valley, which is quite dry from January to June. The descent to the Beloa is bad. From Magasas there is a slight descent to the valley of the Maldi, and thence the road is good to Ambelako, near where running water is found at Galushima.

Ambelako

25 182

Fil Fil

8 190 Good running water. Between Fil Fil and Gergeret there are some very steep and stony ascents and descents, which are difficult for camel caravans. Same applies to the Ailet defile later on, which however is not so steep, being merely the stony bed of a stream. The track crosses three ranges of thickly wooded hills, and water is found in the Solomoni valley, about half way to Gergeret. The forest becomes less dense and the trees smaller as one approaches Gergeret.

Gergeret

10 202 Good water is found in abundance here, except in the months of July and October, when the supply diminishes considerably.

Ailet

8 210 From Gergeret to Ailet the heat is often intense, and there is a complete absence of water. Road mostly very stony, especially in the Ailet Gorge. Water bad and scarce.

[Saati 11 221

N.B.—This route report from Halibaret to Saati is not very reliable.]

Halibaret (stream) — 157 Soon after crossing this the ascent to the Asmara plateau begins in earnest, and the road zig-zags up rugged mountain sides until the summit is reached, at Azteklesan, a tukl village, which had a couple of small canteens (April, 1898), rest-houses, and a plentiful supply of water.

Azteklesan

13½ 170½

Siuma Negus

8 178½ From here the direct road winds along over at first rather a hilly bit of country covered with scattered bush and trees, and occasional khors, generally with water in them, until reaching Siuma Negus, where there is a stream of good water, and a fair-sized village. The metalled coach road, after leaving Azteklesan, makes a considerable detour to the N., and is 3 or 4 miles longer. From here to Asmara, an open and slightly undulating fertile plain extends, dotted here and there with villages and several running streamlets.

Asmara

11½ 190 This is the capital of Eritrea, and residence of the Governor and Military Commandant. It is a military station of great importance to the Colony, and consequently has a considerable garrison. There is also a practically impregnable and heavily armed fort, as well as others of lesser importance. In the town, which has made great strides of late, are some excellent shops kept by Europeans, though, beyond the actual officials, Italians have not yet colonized to any extent. There is a R.C. Church, club, and some fair cafés.

The Government of Eritrea is carried on by a Civilian Governor-General and a Military Commandant.

The Army consists (1901) of 600 Italian soldiers and about 7,000 natives. The artillery corps is recruited from blacks.

Asmara being roughly 7,000 feet above the sea has a temperate climate, and frost is not uncommon. There is a considerable rainfall in the summer months.

From Asmara to Ginda the most direct road is the mule track which follows the telegraph line down an exceedingly rocky and precipitous descent which begins about 2½ miles from the edge of the plateau, which again is about the same distance from the town. After about 2 miles the descent to Ginda, which is through fine scenery, a deep valley, enclosed on either side by precipitous mountains, becomes more gradual.

Ginda

15 205 At Ginda there is an excellent canteen (on a small scale) and good water supply (wells and stream).

The distance by the coach road must be at least 25 miles.

Sabarguma 5 210 Between Ginda and Sabarguma, where there is also a canteen and good water, the mule track again is considerably shorter than the carriage road, and traverses comparatively easy hills which are covered with thick forest.

Soon after leaving Sabarguma, a plain of the same name is crossed. This is noted for the intensity of its heat, and is said to have accounted for many of the flower of the Italian Army.

Saati 11 221 After crossing the plain, undulating open country extends to Saati, which was railhead (1898), though now the railway is said to have reached about half way to Sabarguma (1901).

At Saati, which is about 400 feet above the sea, there is a canteen, but water has to be brought from Massaua by the single line of railway.

Massaua 17 240 Two trains arrive and depart daily. Massaua contains a good harbour, barracks, very fair shops, and at least one quite respectable café, but it is a very hot, damp, unhealthy, and generally unpleasant place. Beninfeld’s agent would probably be the best man from whom to obtain transport, &c. The two lines of steamers which call at Massaua are the “Florio Rubattino” and “Khedivial.”

125. — ТАКАРАШОРИТ или АМБАРАБ на ХОР-ГАШ через СОГАДУ и ХОР-МАЙЕТИБ до УМБРЕГИ на РЕКЕ СЕТИТ.

Капитаном Г. Х. С. Морантом, март 1900 г.

Общие замечания. От Амбараба до Согады дорога достаточно хороша для верблюдов и поддерживается в открытом состоянии частыми небольшими караванами. Также упоминался маршрут от Тодлука до Согады, который, однако, был описан как «плохой», вероятно, из-за холмистости.

За Согадой сама дорога не представляет больших трудностей, но отсутствие движения позволило колючим кустарникам разрастись до такой степени, что они очень серьезно мешают груженым или верховым верблюдам почти на всем пути до Гиры.

Как только достигается Сетит, реальных проблем с водой нет, но после первых 15 миль или около того ниже Майетиба вода доступна только в определенных местах. Чем дальше вы спускаетесь по реке, тем шире становится полоса пересеченной местности по обе стороны от потока, тем дальше дорога держится от него и тем реже встречаются места водопоя.

Вероятно, лучший план при движении вдоль долины — проводить жаркое время дня у реки, а ночь — на плато выше.

Воду следует перевозить в фантассах (металлических баках), так как бурдюки (гирбы) рвутся в клочья о колючки.

Желательно иметь при себе инструменты для расчистки.

Никаких припасов ближе Гедарефа на Сетите получить невозможно. К востоку от деревни Вад-Хелейва, в 11,5 милях к востоку от Софи на Атбаре, оседлых жителей нет.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Takarashorit

— — This appears to be the name of some wells in the bed of the Gash, about 45 miles above Kassala. If not constantly used, these wells are quickly filled in by the sand; but as the water is not more than 6 feet to 10 feet below the surface, they are easily opened out again. The bed here is sandy and about 120 yards wide. Ambarab is the name given to a grassy, and in the rains marshy, place about 1½ miles further up stream on the left bank.

Ambarab — —

There is a road from here to Agordat. The road to Sogada leads generally in a S. direction for the most part over level ground covered with more or less thick bush, which offers no serious obstacle to camels in single file.

There are several tracks, used probably at different times of the year. There are a few slight ascents and descents, but nothing at all serious.

Sogada

18 18 The road passes through some low stony hills partially covered with thorny bush, and at 18 miles it leaves the village of Sogada about ¾ mile on the left high up on the S.W. slopes of J. Argoji, the highest hill in the immediate neighbourhood. The village did not appear to contain more than 25 tukls.

There is a large and deep well at the foot of the hill, but the water was reported to be bad.

Khor Angaleib 1 19 Track now crosses a level plain enclosed on all sides by hills, with openings to the W. After crossing the khor, signs of recent dura cultivation were seen at intervals on both sides of the road.

Khor Gersat

3 22 Here there is a large well on the N. side of the khor, which gives a plentiful supply of good water. There are no tukls actually at the well, as the inhabitants prefer to build their houses on the hill sides, but there are several settlements in the immediate neighbourhood, all of which are included under the district name of Sogada.

The inhabitants are Baza, or Badein, or Kunama. They are very much afraid of the Bazas of the Setit, who raid them occasionally, they say, under Abyssinian leadership, but they seem to be friendly with the Beni Amer, whose merchants purchase dura from them. The Sheikh’s name is Haidar Wad Ibrahim.

Dinti 2¼ 24¼ From here the track proceeds nearly due S., but winds about a good deal amongst low hills and through thick bush, which, with one or two steep-banked khors, greatly impede the march of loaded camels.

The hamlet of Dinti is passed about 1½ miles to the left on the slopes of J. Dinti. The inhabitants of Lakatakura were camped in this neighbourhood, but whether they had left their home on account of the failure of their water supply, or from fear of the Abyssinians, it was difficult to make out.

3¼ 27½ After some more tedious windings the track descends into a level plain, bounded by the Atbara on the W., and Setit on the S., and on the E. by an apparently continuous range of hills, at the foot of which lies the Baza village of Lakatakura.

Khor Gullui 2½ 30 This khor is a considerable obstacle, being at least 15 feet deep and perhaps 30 yards wide. The sides are steep at regular crossing places. A few miles to the W., near J. Hamid, the water stands for a long time in the khor after the rains. That place is often referred to by natives as Gullui, and it seems to be on the old frontier of Hamrans, Beni Amer and Bazas.

There is some Baza cultivation near the Khor Gullui.

J. Sabun 5 35 From here on to J. Sabun, a small isolated hill said to be on the frontier between Hamrans and Bazas, the track passes through very thick thorn bush, which greatly impedes loaded camels.

Khor Sanasaba 3¼ 38¼ The track leaves J. Sabun just on its right and turns more to the E. The thorns are less troublesome, and patches of cultivation and open spaces with high grass are passed.

Khor Lakisaba 3 41¼ Track continues through the same class of country nearly due E., and after ascending the Khor Lakisaba for about 3 miles, it leaves it and ascends its left bank, making straight for the hills. Eventually it enters the valley of the Lakisaba, and a halt was made in its bed in a spot enclosed between the hills of J. Komkom and J. Agachina.

Halting-place

5¾ 47

There was no better reason for the selection of this halting-place, which was at least a mile off our road, than that it was perhaps the nearest point to the water at the head of the Khor Lakisaba, to which loaded camels could go without considerable difficulty. This water, the only water within about 20 miles in any direction, is said to be contained in a large cleft in the rock about 1 hour’s camel march beyond the halting-place. The cleft is high up in the rocks, and all the water has to be carried down by hand.

There were a few Baza families there, who assisted in the watering of our animals and filling our fantasses, but the delay was very great.

Lakatakura lies about 3½ to 4 miles N. of the Khor Lakisaba. It was deserted, and the well was said to be dry.

R. Setit

21 68 After retracing our steps for a mile we struck off in a S. direction, and followed a track made by an Italian hunting party a few days before. This track had evidently not been used for many years, as it was all overgrown with thorns, and was very indistinct in places. Fortunately the hunting party had been obliged to partially clear it for their camels, and after considerable difficulties we emerged from the hills after going about 12 miles, and reached the Khor Maichhi. Here there are many hashab, baobab, and sunt trees. Soon after the Khor Maietib is crossed, and places were seen where it is said water used formerly to remain even during the hot weather. After a few more miles through undulating wooded country the track leads suddenly on to the bank of the Setit opposite a large pool about 1 mile below its junction with the Khor Maietib, which is said to be the old boundary between the Hamran and Baza tribes. There was some tobacco growing in this khor which was said to have been planted by the Abyssinian Baza.

About here the Setit averages 100 to 150 yards wide, with a good deal of running water in it, though frequently fordable at this season (March). Banks 20 to 30 feet high with a good deal of tamarisk.

K. Debebi 1 69 Following river, down right bank K. Debebi and Abu Osher are crossed.

K. Abu Osher 2½ 71½

J. Mudassir 4½ 76 J. Mudassir is left ¾ mile on right and after crossing K. Meshra El Gedad J. Elaklei is also left same distance on right place on right bank named Darfit is passed, and Khor Um Hagar reached, the jebel of same name being 1 mile on right. Soon after crossing this khor, a track leads N. to Abu Gamal. Broken ground now begins.

K. Meshra El Gedad

1½ 77½

J. Elaklei 1 78½

Darfit 1 79½

Um Hagar

1 80½

Helegim

1 81½ After crossing the island of Helegim and marching down bed of river, good shade is reached on left bank.

Halt 1½ 83

J. Um Hagar 2 85 From here, leaving the river which was running S.W., owing to impossibility of marching along it on account of ravines and thick bush, a N. direction was taken to foot of J. Um Hagar, then, turning W., marched over bad cotton soil chiefly along elephant tracks at foot of low ridge of hills left on right till, reaching a shorter detached ridge, we turned S., passing Hafeira, an old burial ground of Hamrans, and descended to the river at Umbrega, where the Setit flows between white cliffs, Geif El Hamam, on left bank, and precipitous ground on right bank. The last 17 miles had been nearly all bad going, and game paths were the only tracks met. Game between Maietib and Umbrega plentiful. Lion, abu ma’arif (Roan Antelope), kudu, water-buck, tétel (tora hartebeeste), bushbuck, ariel, gazelle, oribi, dig-dig, wart-hog, hippo. Numbers of giraffe and elephant tracks were seen, but buffalo tracks only twice.

Ridge 6¼ 91¼

Hafeira 7 98¼

Umbrega[41]

2 100¼

126. — ГАЛЛАБАТ до ЧЕЛГИ.

Капитаном А. К. Паркером, январь 1904 г.

Общие сведения. От Галлабата до места, где тропа пересекает Гандоа, местность холмистая, и тропа постоянно пересекает хоры, которые впадают в Гандоа или Атбару. Местность покрыта кустарником и камениста, но местами встречаются участки хлопковой почвы; от Гандоа до Челги тропа становится хуже, уклоны — круче, а долины, спускающиеся с эскарпа, — глубже.

Вода. В изобилии на всем протяжении дороги, нет ни одного участка в 10 миль без хорошей воды.

Снабжение. Возможно, немного дурры можно получить в Вахни (до ардеба или двух), в остальном — отсутствует.

Жители. Деревня Белата Даста находится в Вахни, в остальном жителей нет, за исключением кочующих групп охотников, обычно тиграйцев.

Транспорт. Подходит только вьючный транспорт на мулах, ослах и пони, хотя говорят, что верблюдов использовали до Вахни.

Пропуска. Пропуск Императора является необходимостью.

Дичь. В изобилии на Атбаре и Гандоа.

Эскорт. Эскорт из 8-10 человек необходим на случай встречи с бандитами.

Примечание: W = Wauz = Khor (хор). T = Tarara = Jebel (гора).

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Gallabat — — Leaving Gallabat, path crosses Khor Abnakheir; ground rises from khor rough and stony; about 300 yards from it, a track leads in a more southerly direction to Kwara; track, running a little S. of E., passes round S. end of Tarara Mariam Waha (200 feet); skirting S. of this hill and its continuations, path is rough, cut up by small khors running S. from them; at mile 3, low hills begin on S. of track and continue for a mile, track rough, winding, and cut up by small khors running N. From here country becomes more open, cotton soil, and low trees until a small khor fringed with big trees is reached, and a few hundred yards on, Khor Chincha, a rocky khor, water plentiful. Track meanders on through rocky ground, rough going, for a mile, when cotton soil and more or less open country is reached; another 1½ miles, and a rocky khor is reached.

Tarara Mariam Waha 2 2

2 4

Khor Chincha

1 5

Khor Sababa

2½ 7½ (Khor Sababa.) A few hundred yards on is the halting-place Wahsha, steep cliff on N. of khor making waterfall when water sufficient, still rough going, cotton soil and rocky alternately; ¾ mile on, cross Khor Abd El Rizak Gowari (12 yards wide), cotton soil thickly wooded at mile 10. A small khor is crossed and ¼ mile on Khor Goghan; at mile 10½, Khor Koki, or Shatta, is crossed; this is a very winding, deep khor, banks 10 feet, bed shingly, 15 yards wide, water very plentiful, good shade. Track crosses this khor twice more before leaving it, when country becomes fairly open, with small trees, and after 2 miles reaches and passes to S. of a small hill (120 feet), Tarara Jingandibba (or J. Wad Manna). Path now continually crosses small khors running N.; at mile 16 Khor Ardeiba is passed, and 2 miles on Khor Wandoferi is crossed (7 yards wide, banks 6 feet high, not much water, good shade); ¾ mile good going, and track begins to descend, and ½ mile on reaches Khor Aftit (12 yards wide, banks 10 feet high, good water and shade). ½ mile on crosses small khor, country much cut up. 1½ miles on Khor Shahadi (16 yards wide, deep pools, general direction N.) is crossed; ¾ mile on path skirts edge of cliff 50 feet high, at bottom of which is Khor Shahadi; at mile 23¾ track descends rapidly, and ¼ mile on crosses small khor; ½ mile further on small khor of flowing water, and at mile 25¼ Khor Gandoa (50 yards wide in deep pools). From this point road to Dagussa leads off up left bank of Gandoa. Crossing Gandoa, track runs almost parallel with it, low hills 1,000 yards off to N. and also on other side of Gandoa; at mile 27 track crosses Ofing Gandoa W. (small, with water), and at mile 27½ passes close S. of a hill (200 feet). Bamboos now first observed in abundance; ¼ mile on path crosses Jirar W. (15 yards wide, pools of water). At mile 28 path passes close N. of a low hill running down towards the Gandoa, and at mile 30½ close S. of another hill, low hills still to N.; 2¼ miles on reach Agam W., flowing water (named from the lilac-like flowering bush growing there). At mile 33¼ cross small khor, and another khor 2 miles from Agam W., low hills now only 250 yards off to N.; ½ mile on pass close to S. of another hill. At mile 36 track crosses a small stony khor with a thick fringe of bamboos, and ¾ mile on close round the S. of a bluff; ¾ mile small khor, and at mile 38 reaches Abai W., a running stream coming from among some hills about 600 feet high and 1,500 yards off N. of road. Track now leads up the valley of a small khor with low hills on both sides quite close, dense jungle of bamboo, high grass, etc., but after 1¼ miles begins to ascend a spur rapidly, and in course of the next half mile rises about 200 feet, then across a flat with amphitheatre of precipitous flat-topped hills (600 feet) to N., about 2,000 yards off, to southern end of Tarara Kamachela (700 to 800 feet). Track passes round S. of Kamachela, and close under it, running at right angles to its former direction; still under hill crosses khor of water, and a mile on reaches site of Wahni Suk (no buildings). From the Suk there is very steep path leading up to the village of Wahni (uninhabited when seen); this is situated on the top of Kamachela, a plateau sloping away to the N. There is a little cultivation below (dura and cotton), but grain can only be bought in very limited quantities. From Wahni Suk track resumes its old course; after 1 mile a khor (10 yards wide) full of water is crossed, and ½ mile on track passes through two or three low hills. ½ mile on a small khor of water is crossed. Here the “Candelabra cactus” makes its first appearance. Path now descends rapidly, and reaches khor in bottom of valley about 250 feet below Wahni Suk. Since crossing the Gandoa, khors have all been running more or less W., but from here, after ascending out of valley, another water system is encountered, the water running N. Path ascends and crosses spurs, running N. from a square precipitous hill, Tarara Angedibba.

Khor Koki

3 10½

Tarara Jingandibba 2 12½

Khor Wandoferi

5½ 18

Khor Aftit

1¼ 19¼

Khor Shahadi

2 21¼

Khor Gandoa

4 25¼

2¼ 27½

½ 28

2½ 30½

Agam W.

2¼ 32¾

3¼ 36

Abai W.

2 38

Tarara Kamachela

3 41

Wahni Suk 3½ 44½

1 45½

1 46½

1 47½

1 48½

1¼ 49¾ At mile 49¾ saddle N. of Tarara Angedibba is passed over, and path at once descends rapidly into the jungley valley of the Baloha W., some small khors are crossed, and 2 miles from saddle there is a small hill on left of path; ¾ mile on track crosses Baloha W., a babbling stream 12 yards wide, two or three times, and at mile 53¼ begins to ascend rapidly, and in ¼ mile reaches saddle under Tarara Baloha. Striking along the hill for ¾ mile track crosses a spur, and descends into the valley of Sunkwa W., flowing water, reaching latter after another 1¼ miles. Path now ascends rapidly out of khor, and after 1 mile passes close N. of a hill (some 250 feet high); two or three small khors are crossed running N., and 2¼ miles from the Sunkwa path reaches a saddle, hills visible N. and S.; path now ascends and runs along the N. side of a range of hills for 4 miles, when track skirts to N. of a knobby hill on top of the range; there is a little water in a khor running down the hill northwards here, but not enough for baggage animals; track now changes to S. side of range and skirts along, winding in and out between gullies and spurs until a small pool of water is reached in Savinki W.

2 51¾

1¾ 53½

Sunkwa W.

2 55½

Savinki W.

3¾ 66½

Gint W.

2 68½ From here track runs a few hundred yards almost due south, then changes to south-east, ground more level as nearer base of hills; now reaches Gint W., close under Tarara Wahamba, a jagged basaltic remnant. Track now winds for about a mile, turning continually at right angles, as ground is very rough and cut up by khors. Path finally crosses to south of Gint W., a running stream, and ascends a spur of Wali Deva range, rounding spurs and crossing khors; at mile 72¼ track, which is close down to khor, rises sharply up a spur for 300 yards, and skirts along higher up. At mile 75¾ path again rises rapidly up a spur, and after a pretty hard climb of some 1,600 feet passes up a cleft and reaches top of escarpment at head of valley of Gint W. Country is now open and rolling, track ascends gradually for 2½ miles, when it crosses the watershed. Here a view of Lake Tsana is obtained. Path now descends, easy gradients, into the Goang valley, and reaches Chelga at mile 84¾.

3¾ 72¼

3½ 75¾

Top of Escarpment — —

2½ 81¼

Chelga 3½ 84¾

127. — ОЗЕРО ЦАНА (ГОДЖА) до ГАНДОА.

Капитаном А. К. Паркером, Королевский Сассекский полк, март 1904 г.

Общие сведения. От Годжи до Галлабата — сносная тропа, лучше, чем дорога Челга — Галлабат, но после спуска с эскарпа есть несколько плохих мест.

Вода. В изобилии, нигде нет интервала более 10 миль без нее.

Снабжение. Получить невозможно.

Жители. Абиссинские деревни от озера Цана до водораздела. Монастырь в Мабра-Соласи близ Бамбы. Бродячие охотничьи группы в местности, прилегающей к границе.

Транспорт. Подходит только вьючный транспорт на мулах, ослах и пони.

Пропуска, дичь, эскорт. См. маршрут Галлабат — Челга.

Примечание: W = Wauz = Khor = пересыхающее русло реки. T = Tarara = Jebel = гора.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

1 1 Path leaves Goja in a northerly direction through high grass, and crosses a small khor almost at once. After 1 mile passes round west side of a low hill; 1½ miles on cross Anfordibba W. Full of running water; ground rises slowly; open country; path crosses Ariko W., full of water, and, still ascending, leaves small hill on left, and at mile 4 passes a big tree marking spot where market used to be held.

Ariko

1¾ 2¾

Amusgebaia 1¼ 4 “Amusgebaia”—legend says tree was used for hanging people. Cross four small khors, and, still gradually ascending, reach Goanderat village. Track crosses two small khors and gradually runs up side of a small valley on to watershed; now descends slowly, and reaches camping ground at Barbaria Kora (small amount of water). Ground slopes away for another 1½ miles, when track descends rapidly down north side of a gully and, striking down a spur, reaches a saddle; now skirts north side of spur, path descending rapidly. At mile 12½ track passes along edge of a sheer precipice; shortly after path runs sharply down a spur in a more northerly direction; at mile 14 it leaves spur and leads down steep rocky descent across small khor and reaches camping place, “Diloa W.”; said to be water in khor, but I did not see it. Track now very much shut in, thick bush and rough stony descents, an especially bad one at mile 16¾. At mile 17 track follows bed of small khor, crossing it continually, track bad, thick bush, shut in both sides by hills; at mile 19 this khor joins Ganbilo W.; juncture is called Girad Mwat, there is abundant water. Follows Ganbilo W., a khor 20 yards wide with pools, crossing it six times in the next 2¾ miles; track now passes between two hills, that on N. being very steep and probably end of a ridge which runs down from Tankal. Path now descends slowly, bamboo jungle, and 1½ miles on reaches junction of two khors, Goandera W., water plentiful. 1¾ miles on path crosses khor (Tukur Waha W.); path now along right bank of Jira W., 25 yards wide with large pools, then cross Ambo W. This comes from a spring about ½ mile further back in hill, where it bubbles up quite warm; a couple of hundred yards off on the other side of the Jira lie the hot baths Mwat Abba Mariam. 2½ miles on pass to N. of low hill; hills on N. of path about 400 yards off, Jira W. still lying parallel with road but some way off to S.; at mile 31¾ track runs close to the Jira, here deep water but narrow for 500 yards, when a deep khor coming from N. is crossed; track now leaves Jira and leads up a defile down which a khor, a tributary of Jira runs; cross this khor for first time at mile 33, steep precipitous hills on both sides, path ascending dense bamboo thickets, reach water at mile 37¼. Ascent from Jira has been 300 or 400 feet; path now descends rapidly 350 feet, and leads down north side of a flat valley, path good, and reaches Wanenta, water sufficient for party of 30 or so; now along north side of valley close under low hills; on south side of valley is a very prominent cone-shaped hill. Cross Shimel Waha W., water abundant, and 1 mile on cross small khor, halting-place under a gemmeiza tree, called Bamba, track level and good; cross Jineta Mariam W., running water, and 1¼ miles on another running stream, called Mariam Waha W.; ¼ mile further track passes close north of a hill; ground now broken up by spurs running northwards; path now descends and crosses Nefoing Gandoa W. just at the junction with the Gandoa; another 1½ miles on and Jigebit camping ground on the Gandoa is reached. 2¼ miles on cross khor of running water, and at mile 57 cross Barkurkur W., a small khor of flowing water; 2 miles on track passes south of Tarara Bisaurkudat, and ½ mile on reaches Malkam Waha W., a small khor of flowing water. At mile 60¾ crosses a khor of running water and another one 500 or 600 yards on; at mile 62½ pass close to a bend of the Gandoa, and 1 mile on across the Wahsha W.; after another mile cross a big khor, and 700 yards on a small khor with water; another deep khor without water is crossed, and then the Gandoa is reached. Path skirts it for some hundreds of yards till it reaches point where Wahni road crosses.

Goanderat ¾ 4¾

2¾ 7½

Barbaria Kora

1 8½

2¼ 10¾

1¾ 12½

Diloa W. 1¾ 14¼

Girad Mwat

4¾ 19

4 23

Goandera W.

1½ 24½

Ambo

2¼ 26¾

Mwat Abba Mariam

1¼ 28

2½ 30½

1¼ 31¾

1¼ 33

4¼ 37¼

Wanenta

4½ 41¾

Shimel Waha W.

3¼ 45

Bamba 1 46

Jineta Mariam

2¼ 48¼

1½ 49¾

Nefoing Gandoa

1¾ 51½

Jigebit 1½ 53

2¼ 55¼

Barkurkur

1¾ 57

Malkam Waha W.

2½ 59½

1¾ 62½

Wahsha W. 1 63½

Gandoa 2½ 66

Measurements by pacing, pace reckoned 32½ inches.

128. — АДДИС-АБЕБА через ГОДЖАМ и ОЗЕРО ЦАНА до ГАЛЛАБАТА.

Г-ном Дж. Бэрдом, май 1901 г.

Place. Miles. Hours’ march. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

H. M.

Addis Abbaba — — — The road from Addis Abbaba is rough and hilly. Three nullahs are crossed, two of them with steep sides. No fuel. Barley can be bought. Excellent grazing. Two good streams 50 yards from camp (S.).

Sallulta

4 4 1 50 Excellent going over undulating grass country. Six streams crossed, all easy and containing a fair supply of water. Many villages and much ploughed land en route. Cattle and horses numerous; fuel plentiful. Last hour’s march through acacia scrub. Good stream. Supplies as before.

Muggur-Affaf 21½ 25½ 8 35 The descent into the Muggur, commencement of which is reached 2 hours after leaving camp, is precipitous and unrideable. Loaded mules get down with difficulty. Muggur reached 4 hours from start. Ascent to other (N.) side of valley is easier, but also mostly unrideable. Camp at edge of S. plateau. No water between camps, except Muggur. Two villages passed in valley, one on either side of river. Some cotton and barley grown. Monkeys and florican on hills. Each side of River Muggur 2,800 feet below either plateau. Grazing bad; barley and sheep in small quantities. A fair stream 100 yards N. of camp. Wood plentiful in Muggur valley, but scarce immediately round camp.

Yaïya

16½ 42 7 5

Kessi

17½ 59½ 6 45 Easy marching over undulating grass country; for the last 1½ hours through occasional chavaha trees. Fuel scarce. The hills, which are a mile E. and N.E. of camp, are wooded, but plains are treeless. Excellent grazing; fair supplies of barley and sheep. A small stream 100 yards N. of camp.

Jarso

21½ 81 8 35 Excellent going over gently undulating grass plateau. Few streams crossed, and water usually scarce and bad. No trees. A few villages. Few cattle. A large market at Jarso on Saturdays; barley, sheep, and fuel to be bought. Fair stream 50 yards W. of camp.

Blue Nile (right bank) 14 95 7 0 This camp is a very bad one. Tents have to be pitched on the track, which runs along the steep N. bank of the Nile. Any amount of fuel. The descent is unrideable, and mules have to be unloaded once to get through narrow pass. River 4,680 feet below S. plateau. Few mosquitoes. Many crocodiles and good fish can be caught in Nile. No water between Jarso and river. No grazing and no supplies. Wood abundant.

Dejen

13½ 108½ 7 0 The first part of ascent is most trying for mules. At one part they have to be unloaded and load carried up steps for 40 feet (1 hour 13 minutes after start); the remainder of the road runs over successive plateaux, connected by steep ascents. Village of Mere (friendly chief, Balambaras Nagau) near top of ascent, and considerable amount of cultivation around it. Excellent grazing; plentiful supplies from neighbouring village. Water bad and little from stream 100 yards E. of camp. Wood scarce.

Abukerk

14½ 123 6 0 A good camping-place in sheltered cup. Wood plentiful on surrounding hills. A fair number of villages in neighbourhood, and some cultivation. Excellent going, mostly over undulating grass; treeless plain from Dejen. A few streams en route. Latter part along wooded western slope of ridge. Excellent grazing; supplies plentiful. Water, good supply from stream 50 yards W. of camp. Wood abundant.

Askatta

7½ 130½ 3 15 Camp on treeless slope of undulating plain, over which road led from Abukerk. Several streams crossed, all easy, and going excellent all the way. Little cultivation; good grazing. Supplies plentiful at neighbouring village. Water, fair supply from stream 100 yards below camp. Wood scarce.

Debra Markos

10½ 141 4 30 The track is hilly, and in some places the descents are steep and slippery after rain. Much of the road lies through thick acacia scrub, almost impassable except by the main mule track. Water plentiful. Track narrow in places. Large market.

Delma

18½ 159½ 7 0 Small camping ground on a slope running from N.N.W. to a fair stream running W. Excellent going, alternately through cultivation, bush and plain. Many rivers en route, all easily crossed. Grazing bad. Villages in neighbourhood numerous. Barley plentiful and cheap. Wood and water abundant.

Dembecha

9½ 169 2 40 A steep descent 5 minutes after starting, and fairly steep descent and ascent into and out of Tumcha river; the track, except for the last hour, leads through scrub and thick wood; the crossing of the Gadlar is easy, low banks. Excellent camping ground on the E. side of Dembecha, ½ mile from Gadlar; first rate grazing. Barley, rif. Market on Mondays. Water abundant; wood on surrounding hills, and can be bought.

River Bakkalla

19 188 6 45 Passing through Dembecha the road ascends gradually for the first ½ hour some 200 feet over open grass country; it then drops into a thick forest, where the track is so narrow and deep that two mules could not pass in some places; thick undergrowth. After three-quarters of an hour’s march, the Cherika stream is crossed 350 feet below the Dembecha; from here onwards the trees and the undergrowth are far less thick, and the track no longer runs in a deep rut. During the next three-quarters of an hour the road drops gradually 250 feet, and then falls 500 feet in 20 minutes down to the Kacham river. The descent is easy. The river in May is some 15 yards wide, from 1 to 2 feet deep, with a swift current; flat, wooded banks. Large, flat, slippery stones make the crossing rather troublesome. The valley of this river is about ¾ mile wide. The road now rises 290 feet, crossing a spur which juts out from the hills bounding Kacham’s valley on the W. and dropping again to 10 feet below the Kacham’s level, crosses the Birr river 50 minutes later. The bed of the Birr at the crossing is some 80 yards wide, the left bank 15 to 20 feet high and the right bank lower; the water (7th May) runs with a swift current, about 1 foot deep, over a rocky bed in two channels, separated by a mass of black rock. 200 yards below the crossing there is a fall of some 30 feet, below which the river runs in a narrow gorge enclosed by black rocks; 300 yards below this it is crossed by a rough log bridge. The road from here runs over an undulating grass-covered plain, bare at first, but during the last 2 hours’ march, wooded. The Rivers Sarinwaha, Tamim, Lach and Bakkalla are crossed, as well as two unnamed streams; in May they none of them present any difficulty. The camp is a small and bad one on the sloping N. bank of the Bakkalla river. Wood and water plentiful, also barley.

Burre

9½ 197½ 4 0 As far as Monkussa the track winds N.W. and W. over undulating grass country dotted with acacia trees. Parallel to the road, on the S. side of it, and apparently about 5 miles off, runs a chain of hills. The river Birr flows past the southern end, and the Lach the northern of this range; they join on the far side and flow into the Blue Nile. One small stream is crossed before reaching Monkussa, and one immediately after leaving that village, the Dawuna by name, 20 yards wide; water knee-deep in May, with a strong current. The crossing is troublesome on account of very slippery, flat stones. After leaving Monkussa, the track winds through more thickly-wooded country, and eventually runs over a treeless plain, out of which rises the knoll where Burre is built. There is ample space for a good camp No wood at the town, but easily procured close by. Water supply not seen, but must be fairly copious. Large supplies.

This is the capital of Damot, the seat of Ras Warke, the governor, and the centre of a populous, fertile, and cultivated district.

The villages of Waan and Zoava are passed between Monkussa and Burre.

Chara

6½ 204 2 30 An easy march through a populous, well cultivated, undulating country. Good camping ground on the edge of a stream; villages all around. Supplies, wood and water plentiful.

Anjavera

18 222 7 20 Eight miles through undulating cultivation; cross Fattom river, tributary of Blue Nile, 40 yards wide and 3 feet deep at crossing; stream sluggish. Then 2½ miles through dense forest, after which track twists through wooded hills into a fairly populous and cultivated plain. Rise of 600 feet during march. Inhabitants not very friendly. Supplies as before, and some cattle.

Dangalla

20½ 242½ 8 0 Rise rapidly 300 feet. Cross thickly-wooded ridge forming water-parting between Tsana and Blue Nile systems, then drop by narrow winding track through dense forest into rich, undulating, well-watered country, with patches of cultivation. Track in places very narrow, and worn deep into the clay. Four hundred yards N.W. of point where track emerges from wooded ridge, rises a sugar-loaf hill, called Zurachi, about 1,000 feet, forming a conspicuous landmark. E. of track are several isolated hills, among which is Saatma, visible for some distance on either side of Anjavera. Last 8 miles through populous and fertile district of Achaffer. Camp in centre of four scattered villages. After crossing ridge excellent going. Wood and water scarce.

Ismaila

7 249½ 2 30 Good camp. Fair water and supplies.

Nefassa

16 265½ 6 30 Cross River Barati, tributary of Blue Nile; easy crossing; thence up gentle slope past Libtan, a large village with considerable amount of cultivation; skirt foot of hills bounding valley of Blue Nile on W. to Nefassa. Poor, thinly populated district. Supplies scarce; no sheep or cattle. Water and wood scarce.

Liven

6 271½ 2 25 A good camping ground. Open country. Good road from Ismaila. Barley can be bought, but no sheep; a few cattle in the neighbourhood. Wood plentiful; small water supply.

Forehe

9½ 281 3 45 Good camp. A good road from Liven. Natives unfriendly. Supplies and water scarce.

Konsuli (Lake Tsana) 5½ 286½ 2 0 A small camping ground 100 yards from the lake; a good road from Forehe. Natives unfriendly. Wood, water and barley plentiful.

Goja (Lake Tsana) 19 305½ 7 30 A rough road through the hills which border the lake; no water en route; a bad damp camping ground on the foreshore of the lake. Another road follows the water’s edge from Konsuli. This is longer, but said to be better.

Dumgi

11 316½ 3 0 A good road, and a good camping ground. Poor grazing. Water from lake.

Berbera Kora

5 321½ 1 50 A good camping ground in a hollow; excellent grazing. Water supply fair. Plenty of wood. No supplies.

Ghimfyva River

9½ 331 5 0 A very rough march, and a very bad camp in a narrow, rocky, thickly-wooded valley. Cross water-parting between Tsana and Atbara systems, 600 feet above Lake. Track narrow, twisting, and in places very steep, only practicable for mule or donkey transport; descent of 3,500 feet in last 5 hours. Practically no grazing. Wood, but little water in rocks.