«Англо-египетский Судан: Справочник для офицеров правительства Судана, Том 2»

Track continued to be good, and passed through villages of Kanje and Loma, almost deserted owing to distance from Walu to Bangaia.

Bangaia

7 59 Hafirs. The village is small and the hafirs are in a marshy overflow from a khor ½ mile S.E. of village. These Burun hafirs are generally dug in marshy spots, and sometimes are merely reservoirs, sometimes really gammams. They are carefully covered in with sticks, and grass and water is generally clean and good. At Bangaia very good and plentiful.

Tuer

3 62 Small village with hafir—several deserted villages between it and Bangaia.

Beio 5½ 67½ Track good, country fairly open. Small village.

Hillock 1 68½ Very small hillock with few huts.

Kyela 2½ 71 Kyela is a group of several villages with wide track of cultivation. Inhabitants gone away for water.

After 4 miles track ceases, and guides took us N.W., avoiding a piece of badly broken cotton soil.

K. Yungen

9 80 Lot of giraffe and ostrich. A gammam with some very bad water in Khor Yungen.

Nyeda

3 83 Nyeda, a village with 300 to 400 people on Khor Murga (probably the same as Khor Yungen). Poor water in gammams in khor. These are 6 feet deep and fill slowly; barely gave water enough for 50 animals and 50 men.

From here a good number of people know a little Arabic or Dinka. The Sheikh is Dar El Sagia, and he has been fighting with the surrounding villages.

The whole district is called Dar El Imam and was under a Sheikh called Wad Regab Wad Ali. This man was murdered some four years ago, and Dar El Sagia claims to be his successor, but is not recognised by most of the villages. This is about the limit of the raiding of the Beni Shangul people.

Khor Murga is said to be a branch of the big khor which formed from the khors between Jebel Kurmuk and Jebel Fanagamenta, passes close to J. Jumjum under the name of Khor Tumbakh.

J. Jumjum lies south of J. Mofwa and is the southern limit of Idris Wad Regab’s influence at present. Khor Tumbakh appears to split up into branches, and one probably reaches Khor Adar near Rengachuk.

Hafirs

4 87 Two good hafirs. Track bad over broken cotton soil.

Nyeda (Sh. Tukani) camp 8 95 After passing hafirs track becomes very good and goes through a number of villages whose inhabitants had gone to water. About two miles short of camp entered on a wide stretch of cultivation, cotton soil. Scattered villages. No defined khor, but probably the whole under water in the rains from overflow of Khor Tumbakh. There were many gammams, but water very bad and muddy.

Dinko Wad Dageig

7 102 Bad going over cotton soil. Dinko Wad Dageig was last Burun village. It is situated in a grove of dom palms, dry sandy soil. Water from gammam 10 feet deep, plentiful and good. This village is in about 10° 10′ and 30° 10′ E.

Tibn 13 115 There is no defined track west of this, but hunting parties frequently go to El Tame. Passed over open country; cotton soil, rather rough going. Passed the Debba of Tibn lying ¼ mile to right just before entering a track of park land; heglig trees.

Tibn was the most outlying of the Dinka villages, but had been deserted since the beginning of the Mahdia. Water used to be stored in hafirs, but now none.

A second debba was seen about four miles further W.

El Tame

10 125 Heglig trees last for eight miles, and cotton soil is bad. El Tame is a marshy lake, or rather two large pools in a khor, which, however, does not appear to connect to anything.

Water is plentiful, but muddy and fouled by game. There are no trees or anything to mark the position of the water except flocks of birds. Game very abundant, and both Buruns and Dinkas come to hunt. The latter are very much afraid of the Buruns.

Khor Adar 15 140 Kept S.W. for 15 miles. Cotton soil and fairly good going; country generally open with a few clumps of heglig. Struck Khor Adar at some feriks belonging to Sheikh Wal Awal at about the point where Captain Wilson’s reconnaissance ended. This point is about 40 miles due east of Kodok. The Dinkas, however, in going to Kodok always follow the Khor Adar to Rengachuk and thence across to the Nile at Mialek, which makes a journey at least 20 miles longer and involves several crossings of the Khor Adar.

Kodok 60 (?) 200 (?)

134. — ХОР-БОСУК через ХОР-ЭЙНЕ до ГОХИ.

Майором Г. де Х. Смитом, февраль 1904 г.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Camp (Khor Bosuk) — —

Cavalry Camp (Khor Bosuk) 12 12 The road runs along the foot of the N. slopes of J. Beldoesu; a new road now made along other side of valley and along course of stream which is much better going.

From Cavalry Camp, where there is a lot of water (running in khor), the road goes up a slope up the Shanendo valley, also called Fanishuman (name of old village). The ascent up the valley is easy at first, but afterwards up steep slopes with rocks. Water is met with twice on way up—at one place a running stream. There is a bad bit of road just at this stream, difficult even to make it safe for horses and mules. For camels the road would require zigzaging and grading. There are flat places on the tops of the spurs where halts can be made.

Khor Eine

7 19 From top of pass the road goes along the plateau in an easterly direction till Khor Eine is reached, where there is a flowing stream, good shade and grazing, and camping ground.

Camp at Goha 3 22 From Khor Eine good road round spur leads into Goha, about 2 miles before reaching which road branches off to Asosa, going in a southerly direction. The tukls are on the foot of slope of J. Goha and also all over the top of the hill. J. Goha is a series of broken, rocky hills, and is in reality a spur projecting from the higher plateau.

There is a fair amount of cultivation in patches in the open valley. There is a running stream at foot of Goha Hill on N. side, which is fed by many tributaries, most of which contain running water. There is a good camping ground across this stream on low hills facing the lower N. slopes of J. Goha, water and grazing plentiful. Supplies of dura apparently got from Asosa. There were only about 20 cattle to be seen, and no sign of any trade going on or Gallabas about. This may be due to the disturbed state of the country and the roads being closed.

(Note.—A small party of cavalry marched along this road at the rate of 3 to 4 miles per hour.)

135. — ГОХА через К. БАРСУ до БОСУКА.

Майором Г. де Х. Смитом, февраль 1904 г.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Camp Goha — — Left Camp Goha in a north-westerly direction—road leads across the plateau and crosses some khors. This is a good road and apparently much used by Gallabas, as their camping places at intervals on the khors were passed—where there is the usual pool or trickling stream. The road comes to top of pass marked 4,670 feet. From here an extensive view is obtained of Dul, J. Jerok, etc.

The descent of the pass is steep, although the road is well defined. There is only one real good halting place on a spur before descending into the Barsu valley.

K. Barsu

9 14 The road crosses the khor at a conspicuous Gemmeiza tree where there is water in small quantities. Further on the stream runs in places and disappears again. A good camping ground is reached a 5 hours from camp at Goha which is used by Gallabas.

Camp Khor Bosuk 8 22 The road leads along the khor, water running at intervals of 45 minutes; from this point the roads separate to Dul Jerok and towards Mindok. Taking the last one khor under J. Agadi is reached—good grazing and water here, and vegetables cultivated—from here camp Bosuk is one hour and half along the broken ground at foot of slopes of the Beldoesu valley.

(Note.—A small party of Cavalry marched along this route at an average rate of 2¾ miles per hour.)

136. — ЛАГЕРЬ НА ХОР-БОСУК до АСОСЫ.

Майором Г. де Х. Смитом, март 1904 г.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Camp Khor Bosuk

— — The road runs along the foot of the N. slopes of J. Beldoesu. A new road has now been made along the other side of valley and along course of stream, which is much better going.

Cavalry Camp (Khor Bosuk)

12 12 From Cavalry Camp, where there is a lot of water (running in khor). The road goes up a slope up the Shanendo valley, also called Fanishuman (name of old villages). The ascent up the valley is easy at first, afterwards up steep slopes with rocks. Water is met with twice on way up, at one place a running stream. There is a bad bit of road just at this stream, difficult even to make it safe for horses and mules. For camels the road would require zigzaging and grading. There are flat places on the top of the spurs where halts can be made.

Khor Eine

7 19 From top of pass the road goes along the plateau in an easterly direction till Khor Eine is reached, where there is a flowing stream, good shade, grazing and camping ground.

Khor Afaferi

13 32 From Khor Eine good road round spur into Goha. About 2 miles out on this road Goha-Asosa track strikes it in a southerly direction, goes up parallel to N. slopes of Goha hills, crossing pass on to top of plateau; water-course on N. side of road, water also. Nearly at once cross a khor on top of plateau with water which flows down in direction Khor Zalan. Road rocky in few places, but on whole good. Good camp at Khor Afaferi, 13 miles.

Good road crosses a marsh near Abdel Rahman Wad Khojali’s village, which is passed after 2½ hours’ march. Asosa comes in view across a wide valley which takes over 1 hour to get round; a water course passed. Convenient to water here before going into Asosa, as water some distance off village.

Asosa

15 47 Asosa is a collection of villages on a large spur which is part of the plateau and juts out over a valley.

There are three rocky hills, all with houses on them. People prosperous and well to do. A certain amount of cultivation near, but chief cultivation near a small hill E. of Asosa. Sheikh Hamed apparently a very determined ruler and looks after his people. There is an Abyssinian post here of about 15 to 20 men.

(Note.—A troop of Sudanese regular cavalry and a party of mounted irregulars marched by this route at the rate of 3 miles per hour, forced marching.)

137. — АСОСА до ХОР-БОСУКА через ХОР-СУРГАЛЛА и ХОР-ЗАЛАН.

Майором Г. де Х. Смитом, март 1904 г.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Asosa — — Leaving Asosa by road to Goha and march for an hour along it. Then branch off W. and drop off plateau on to a succession of small hills, with villages, going along crest of their spurs. A few steep and rocky places in crossing khors—to Khor Dadeferi—running stream with village above it, not much room for camp.

K. Dadeferi

10 10

Ascent out of khor steep to village; steep ascents and descents, passing cultivated clearings and villages (all Hamed’s).

Khor Sirekoli (Surgalla) 8 18 Reach Khor Sirekoli (Surgalla), good running stream, pretty open ground here, good camp, grass plentiful. Road now rises abruptly.

Khor Akori

6 24 Road, after rising abruptly out of valley over hill, goes W., very steep and rocky track. Apparently not been much used lately; passes over low rocky hills, a constant up and down, S. of J. Fanoje and then turns N. along foot of Fanoje hills, crosses Khor Akori, water here by digging, good grass.

Khor Zalan

6 30 After a mile strike Kirin road, along this to Khor Zalan; water plentiful, also grass.

Camp Bosuk

6 36 Go along track for 3 miles, then strike off to W., cross khor with water into camp.

138. — ГОРЕ до АБВОНГА (на СОБАТЕ).

Капитаном Г. Х. Уилсоном, февраль — март 1904 г.

Примечание. Маршрут, описанный в этом отчете, после пересечения Баро на 52,5 милях от Горе следует по левому берегу этой реки до Итанга, оттуда по правому берегу до Насера, затем по левому берегу Собата до Абвонга. От Гамбелы, в 64,5 милях от Горе, лучшая тропа на запад пролегает вдоль правого берега. Путешествие по этому маршруту в самый сухой сезон, т.е. с февраля по май, не представляет трудностей. Практически ни на какие припасы рассчитывать нельзя.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Gore

Gore is described elsewhere. It is surrounded by hills, some of which appear to be of nearly equal height. Country thickly wooded, but being cleared for cultivation.

2½ 2½ Track from here gets bad, going through forest and over a khor, east bank of which is very steep and difficult.

3½ 6 Forest gets very thick and tangled, roots and fallen trees lying across track. Hills very steep.

3 9 Forest gets thinner, and glimpses of Gore can be had. Villages also appear in the open clearings. Some of the rivers hereabouts are bridged, but the bridges are very bad and dangerous for animals, which can in dry season cross by fording.

Rest house 3¼ 12¼ House where travellers generally stop first march out from Gore, or last march in.

1⅛ 13⅜ Rocky river bed to cross. Route for next 6 miles is hilly and thickly wooded; several rivers to cross, mostly with rocky bottoms.

5⅝ 19 Beginning of Bure district; country much more open and thickly populated and cultivated; track much less hilly and wider.

5⅞ 24⅞ Market place on top of a hill; market twice a week.

Ato Melka’s house 4⅝ 29½ Track much better here and hills not difficult, country cleared of trees to great extent and much cultivated.

1 30½ Market place.

Ato Takallé’s house 5⅞ 36⅜ Situated on a hill. River to cross just before reaching it. Takallé is governor of all Bure, and is charged with guarding the pass at Goma, which leads up from the Baro country.

Guard 4 40⅜ Guard house on hill (tukls and a “hosh”). Officer stationed here with about 30 men to guard the pass and report all arrivals and departures to the Ras.

Goma 6 46⅜ Rest houses on the top of pass. Descent for first two miles very difficult, track winding amongst boulders and large rocky slabs. It is necessary to use one’s hands and knees in getting up some of the places.

2⅛ 48½ Enter forest and cross mountain torrent, which would probably be impassable after heavy rains. From here down to the Baro ford is not difficult, though tiring, and, except for one or two bad ravines, loaded animals can get along without much difficulty.

River Baro (ford) 4 52½ Baro Ford spanned by a very ricketty wooden bridge, which is no longer safe. Animals and men cross river-bed in dry season: 3-4 feet of water. Crossing very difficult owing to rocky uneven bottom and strong current, river here being succession of rapids. After crossing Baro, track leaves river and runs round hill, joining river again about 4 miles further on, from whence track follows river more or less closely as far as

Gambela 12 64½ Long scattered district, villages mostly on R. bank; a few small villages hidden in the forest on L. bank, inhabitants of which fled on appearance of Abyssinians. Recognised ferry here, two dug-outs. River, however, fordable for animals (January 14). Thick forest both banks. River full of hippos and crocodiles. Track leaves river here and runs about a mile inland as far as

R. Bonga 1½ 66 10 yards wide, 10 feet banks, and 1 to 2 feet water. Sandy bottom and passage easy. The regular track westwards from Gambela is on R. bank. I, however, followed L. bank to investigate. Gambela is called by the Anuaks Egelo. Track from here very bad, almost nonexisting, it being necessary to hew a way through the jungle in places. Ground very rocky at foot of small hills.

River Ichok 11 77

River Wonkai 1½ 78½

River Wangd Wong 1 79½

River Wanten ¾ 80¼ All above dry (February, 1904). Width from 20 to 50 yards. Sandy bottoms and steep banks. Must be quite impassable after heavy rains, but Anuaks say that they quickly drain off.

Ile de Faidherbe ½ 80¾ Series of rapids and small islands in dry season. Site where steamer was stranded marked by huge stone like a tomb-stone, 10 feet high, on a grass-covered island, which is submerged at high Nile. Anuaks and Abyssinians say the Faidherbe was carried away about three months after being left there, in three pieces, by Joti’s and Tesemma’s men, 200 to 300 men carrying a section on a tree trunk. Traces of broad track cleared for this purpose on river bank noticeable now. Small village right, track on left very bad, runs through long grass and forest to beginning of

Finkio (Penkio) (site of Trading Station) 7¾ 88½ Finkio; natives pronounce it Finkio, not Penkio. Villages, i.e., clusters of huts or homesteads all along river here onwards. Names of villages marked on map are misleading, as the name applies to a district perhaps 10 miles long. A shorter track exists from near Ogara to Itang, but I could not take it, as it was past mid-day, and I had to halt on water. Track on to Itang from Nyokwar very bad, as it follows all bends of river except in one place, and ground is a succession of small deep gullies that are impassable for transport unless ramped, or marched round.

Nyokwar 14½ 103

Ideni 14½ 117½ Beginning of district of Ideni R. and Itang L.

Itang 3 120½ Eastern boundary of Itang Enclave. Sheikh Gelo, brother-in-law of Sheikh Nagor, of Ideni. Gelo is much feared by Anuaks, who approach his presence on all fours. Baro fordable here (February), 2 to 3 feet deep. Fine Gemmeiza trees at Itang, and good forest of fuel trees in vicinity.

Most of these distances will not compare with the map, as there is no regular track on left bank. Owing to swampy nature of country in rains, track continually changes as fresh ground becomes passable and country dries up and gets burnt. Track in places dangerous, as it runs through dense long grass, within a foot of a 10 to 15 feet drop into river. Cows and transport animals fell over this on several occasions.

Ajuoto 1 121½ Track between Itang and Gambela must be followed on right bank, that on left is too bad. Cross river at Itang. One mile on is village, part of district of Pangmala, village being under Sheikha Ajuoto. This village is situated in a dense rubber forest, and the rubber vines are found all along the river in the Anuak country. Nobody collects the rubber. All approaches to this village were closed with thorn “abattis,” owing to the presence of Abyssinians.

1 122½ Cross a small khor, which is sandy and fordable for animals at this point only at this time of year. There is a shorter track, which leaves the Sheikha’s village on the right, but leads to a wide part of the khor, impassable to animals owing to deep mud. Track now runs along edge of dense forest right and broad khor left, with forest beyond.

3 125½ Forest left ceases and khor runs into open plain. Track crosses khor several times; liable to be muddy and difficult.

2 127½ Big khor runs down from forest on right to river, passable only close up to forest.

1 128½ Another big khor to cross, similar to above; mouth of this khor very deep and steep, impassable for animals, which must cross up by forest. Track now inland, 1 to 2 miles from river.

11½ 140 Big khor to cross with lake inland, about 1 mile from river.

Kaich 1 141 Large Nuer village marked as Kaich, but name not recognised. Track from here uniformly good, passing over a broad grass plain which lies beyond the belt of trees that fringe the Baro and the forest further inland. The plain is burnt in January and becomes passable; it is under water during the rains. Several Nuer dry season villages along the plain, but these people all go off in the rains inland; probably a few small villages remain, that are built on small mounds. Game abounds in the forest inland here.

3 144 Track strikes a big khor and runs along N. bank of it for 1½ miles, and then crosses it. Villages dotted all along khor.

2 146 Cross khor again near its junction with river near big round island. River round this island (S. channel) is very rapid and difficult. Villages all along here, track runs inland and passes big village shown on map as Kaig, which name is not recognised. Nuers have mostly left this village since traders arrived.

Kaig 5 151

R. Adura 1 152 Balamkun, or Kwemnum, eastern junction of Adura with Baro. Adura mouth dry (2nd January), but water in large reach further along. Good gemmeiza trees all along Baro up to here for last few miles, but no trees met with after this until Ajungmir (mile 216).

K. Chaich 4½ 156½ Khor Chaich, not shown on map.

R. Baitiok 3⅞ 160⅜ Khor Baitiok dry (February), 10 yards wide, shallow; track has followed this khor for last three miles.

K. Jokau ½ 160⅞ Khor Jokau, 2 to 2½ feet of water, very strong current, waterway 20 feet wide. Natives all say that this is the only mouth of Garre and that Khor Machar does not communicate with Garre. Villages of Baitiok, or Chanchai opposite on left bank. Cultivation—both banks and huts. These Nuers come from Garjak where their wet-season villages are.

3 163⅞ Big shallow khor, full of weeds but nearly dry. Track all along here is excellent, several miles inland from river; burnt grass plain.

Kwe 6¾ 170⅝ Large winter village of Nuers, Kwe; very friendly; track now descends to the river at

K. Machar 3 173⅝ Only a winter (dry season) residence; groups of these temporary villages are dotted about. Khor Machar dried up. Natives say it does not discharge water, but only fills up from the Baro. The mouth of Khor Machar is much bigger than that of Jokau.

5⅝ 179¼ Big khor runs E. and W. with water in it. There is no track here at all (February, 1904), and way had to be forced through jungle of rank unburnt grass.

Kamkiri (E.) 6⅞ 186⅛ E. end of island of Kamkiri. Village ¾ mile inland. River called Mainyal; only temporary. Distances from Machar are probably all too long, owing to winding about through the grass; under similar circumstances however they will not be found to be much less.

Kamkiri (W.) 3½ 189⅝ W. end of island of Kamkiri. Not a tree visible anywhere, and no shade available. Grass unburnt (21st February), and going very difficult.

10½ 200⅛ Khor with half a foot of water in it.

K. Loinkildom 4¼ 204⅜ Khor muddy, steep banks, probably that shown on map as Loinkildom, which name was not recognised.

¼ 204⅝ Another khor similar to above.

K. Makeir ⅝ 205¼ Khor Makeir and village right, very big khor, 15 feet deep, 40 to 50 yards. Wide sandy bottom, dry and passable in places (February). Water in deep pools.

6 211¼ Going as bad as before. Thin bush starts right.

1¾ 213 Khor with water in it; muddy bottom, 3 feet wide, 3 feet deep.

K. Nyakol 2 215 Ten yards wide, 6 feet deep, 3 feet of water with mud; very perpendicular banks; this was a very bad obstacle, even the saddles having to be taken off mules’ backs (February 22).

Ajungmir 1½ 216½ Village on right bank, trees near.

3¼ 219¾ Track cuts across corner and strikes river again at

Nyariau 1¾ 221½ Village of Nyariau, in 3 parts; 1 small part on bank of river, and 1 large and 1 small about 10 yards inland. Track runs inland through bush and forest, and strikes river at mile

2 223½ Very thick gemmeiza trees left bank, bush right. River fordable here (February, 1904).

3⅛ 226⅝ Beginning of Anuak, part of Taufot, right bank. Track cuts across here to

Taufot 1¼ 227⅞ Taufot (Nuer), very big compact village; stands back. Latest map shows big island near Taufot, but it is non-existent.

Khor Wakau 2¼ 230⅛ Thirty yards wide at mouth, but opens out to nearer 150 yards higher up. Muddy bottom; 20 feet deep in rains, 3 to 5 feet in dry season. Big village of Kadbeg short way up Wakau.

Nasser 3 233⅛ Nasser left, Kwoinlualtong, right bank, for the last 2 miles upstream from Nasser. River not fordable here (February), but animals swam over at lower end of island, opposite Nasser, without difficulty.

1 234⅛ Track enters forest (heglig and talh), track bad; cracked cotton soil.

Tolor 5 239⅛ Khor and fishing village of Tolor; khor 60 yards wide, and 3 to 5 feet deep, muddy. Track follows khor down right bank, and crosses it at junction with river at mile

2¼ 241⅜ Crossing 3 feet deep, artificial channel for catching fish. Track now follows river for 1½ miles, then cuts across corner for Manajok.

3⅝ 245 Khor with 2 feet of water in it; good crossing.

Manajok 2⅞ 247⅞ Manajok, Nuer part of village; swamp between village and river, few trees.

¼ 248⅛ Anuak part of village on bank, good Meshra, thin bush behind.

Nyakoik 1⅝ 249¾

⅜ 250⅛ Thin heglig forest. Huts all along from Nyakoik.

Tuargai ⅝ 250¾

Shillup 6½ 257¼ Good heglig forest left most of the way, and plenty of shade trees, though none shown on map. A khor 3 feet deep, just before reaching Shillup. Track follows river till

Nyanglang 2⅝ 259⅞ And then cuts across corner through forest to Fauwel.

Fauwel 2¼ 262⅛ Large scattered village, running back into the woods; good shade trees and meshra and camping ground. Track all along bank.

K. Nyandieng 2⅞ 265 Very broad mouth, 1½ miles wide; main discharge about 1 mile further on, deep and artificially deepened for fishing; crossed by two rough bridges. This khor is said to connect with Nerol (Khor Filus). Some Nuers say it does, and some not.

Manchom 3⅝ 268⅝ Shown on map as Sholwaga.

Shwol 3 271⅝ Shown on map as Fugah. Track from here on edge of forest, swamp between it and river.

Gaiyat 2⅛ 273¾ Shown on map as Abong. Nuers would not accept three names above as per map. A lot of these Nuer and Anuak villages have two or more names, and people who use one name pretend not to know other.

Patiyam 2 275¾ Thick forest behind swamp; few good shade trees on bank. Track runs along edge of forest some distance from river.

Gohinya 3¼ 279 Scattered village hidden in forest.

Fanyang 3 282 Scattered village in heglig forest. Track from here runs over dry swamp. A track exists at certain seasons of the year, generally when grass is burnt, from Nyangdeng to near Fanyang, saving a big round by the river. A track also exists from Fanyang to Wigin in a direct line, but was reported to be still choked with grass (3rd March, 1904).

Malwal 3¾ 285¾ Track leaves river within sight of Malwal, then runs through long grass to near Fedwil, then along edge of khor and through bush to

Wigin 4⅛ 289⅞ Small village 20 yards back from river, with deep swamp between village and bank (dry marsh), 2 poor shade trees in village. Track gets on to river bank at 291st mile.

1⅛ 291 Good shade trees and thick bush; thick forest right bank ½ mile inland; end of Nuer country, though all along from Nasser the country is populated with Nuers and Anuaks mixed, Nuers predominating and letting Anuaks live on suffrance. From here onwards path is through bush to

Shwai 1 292 Long scattered Anuak village.

Fatiwanyang 4 296 In thick bush. From here to Yakwoik broad swamp between bush and river. Track in dry season runs over swamp.

2⅝ 298⅝ Khor with 2 feet water; several other khors to cross, marching along this swamp.

Yakwoik 3 301⅝ Anuak village on river bank. No bush, only grass plain round village.

1½ 303⅛ Junction of road that cuts across to Gnok with river track. Good meshra at junction; thick bush left. Bush and few trees right. One mile inland. From here track cuts across country to a debba on the river (Debba Dishin), where Yuzb. Abdel Rahim Eff. Nur El Gawab was buried in 1902, having died on the way to Nasser. From here track follows river, crossing two khors.

Debba Dishin 13 316⅛

Abwong[45] 6⅝ 322¾ A very big and important khor flows into the Sobat at Abwong, called Wangnait; this runs inland past Fanathiang, and is said to join khor Filus at Nerol. Two feet of water in Wangnait (March, 1904), and running water. Abwong on sandy ground, good meshra; upstream limit of Dinka country. Serut flies were very bad, all through the thick bush country from Fauwel to Yakwoik.

139. — ГОНДОКОРО до УГАНДЫ (и МОМБАСЫ).

(Составлено редактором.)

Гондокоро и окрестности. (См. также конец главы II в т. I.)

Капитаном Дагмором, 1901 г.

Местность. Рядом с Гондокоро местность совершенно плоская и находится на 30 футов выше уровня реки, возле станции покрыта веерными пальмами (борассус), сидром, сунтом, а также несколькими тамариндами и сикоморами. Строго на восток лежат холмы Белиниан (около 11 часов марша). Поверхностный слой почвы песчаный, подпочва — глинистая. На Ниле много очень плодородных островов, покрытых тростником, очень похожим на папирус. Местные жители предпочитают жить на этих островах и возделывать их, так как они не подвержены нашествиям белых муравьев, кузнечиков, гусениц и болезней растений, со всем этим приходится бороться при земледелии на материке. Стаи мелких птиц наносят большой ущерб зерновым культурам. При высоком уровне Нила эти острова подвергаются затоплению; тогда местные жители перебираются на материк.

Станция, занимаемая сейчас в Гондокоро, находится на месте старого египетского поста — многие старые траншеи и брустверы сохранились до сих пор. Старые постройки и т. д. давно обрушились в реку, которая, как говорят, сейчас в два (?) раза шире, чем была во времена Бейкера. Старый лагерь Бейкера («Исмаилия») находится на болотистом низменном участке земли, примерно в 2 милях к северу от старой египетской станции. Две финиковые пальмы, 11 лимонных деревьев и два дерева заварного яблока (анноны) до сих пор остаются в Гондокоро.

Просачивание дождевой воды и размыв рекой вызывают постоянные обвалы берега.

Гарнизон. Одна рота Угандийских стрелков (суданцы) под командованием британского капитана, лейтенанта и сержанта-инструктора. Было добавлено небольшое количество полицейских или констеблей, которые находятся под контролем гражданской власти, а именно: сборщика налогов (коллектора).

Снабжение. В настоящее время почти все запасы, боеприпасы и одежда поступают из Момбасы, Индии и Англии через Кампалу. Продовольствие приобретается путем покупки у местных жителей.

Местные жители выращивают в основном красную дурру и кукурузу, а также небольшое количество сезама, телабуна, фула (арахиса) и лубии (мелкого гороха или фасоли). Арахис особенно хорошо растет в песчаной почве. Сладкий картофель требует орошения, и местные жители не склонны к такой трудоемкой работе.

Климат. Климат довольно хороший, сезон дождей в своем начале — самое худшее время года. Температура:—

Average maximum during the hot months is 99° in the shade.

„ minimum „ „ 85° „

„ maximum during the rest of the year is 88° in the shade.

„ minimum „ „ 74° „

Сезоны. Жаркая погода начинается с середины ноября и длится до конца марта. Дожди начинаются (или должны начинаться) в последнюю неделю марта и длятся до середины июня, они начинаются снова в середине июля и длятся до середины октября.

Дожди нерегулярны: иногда случается засуха, а иногда выпадает слишком много осадков.

Продукты. Дурра, кукуруза, сезам, арахис, бобы и рыба. Небольшое количество слоновой кости. Соль с левого берега. Перья страуса от племени латука. (Примечание: согласно недавним правилам охоты, запрещено покупать перья, если нельзя доказать, что они были выщипаны у прирученной птицы.)

Скот. В провинции Нил в целом козы и овцы мелкие (намного меньше суданских) и не представляют особой ценности. Крупный рогатый скот (тот немногочисленный, что остался) также мелкий, но в целом дает неплохие удои.

Дичь. Слоны, бегемоты и носороги в изобилии, особенно первые два, встречаются также зебры и жирафы, хартебисты (?), водяные козлы, лесные антилопы, кобус Томаса (угандийский коб) и дик-дики. Можно встретить буйволов и бородавочников. Львы, леопарды и дикие кошки довольно многочисленны. (Примечание: в сухие месяцы дичь в больших количествах встречается у реки; когда трава высокая и вода есть внутри страны, увидеть ее не так просто). Почти всегда можно подстрелить цесарок, большую и малую дрофу, перепелов, бекасов, уток, гусей и другую водоплавающую дичь, а также куропаток.

(a) — ГОНДОКОРО до ВАДЕЛАИ.

Капитаном Дагмором, 1901 г.

Place. Miles. Description.

Inter-mediate. Total.

Gondokoro — — A good road, though apt to be swampy in the rains.

River Kit 12 12 Cross River Kit; a sandy river about 180 yards wide, which is easily crossed except after very heavy rain (it subsides quickly). On the E. Lokoya’s chain of hills, about 11 hours march; greatest height about 1,500 feet. Road through dense thorn scrub, sidr very plentiful. Soil changes after passing Kit to a clayey formation in places, and stones and rocky kopjes become abundant. A rose quartz, very similar to the Rhodesian gold-bearing quartz in appearance, is plentiful. Most of the kopjes appear to be of volcanic origin. Ground rises in undulating folds from the Kit to opposite Dufile.

Fort Berkeley 10 22 From Fort Berkeley (= Bedden—abandoned), two roads lead S., one inland on the high ground for use during the wet season.

Adam Madi 8 30 The river road follows the river as far as Adam Madi’s,[47] and is used when no water is obtainable on upper road. Fine scenery, very rocky ground, sandy; plentiful remains of old Bari villages. Near Adam Madi’s-beautiful park-like country, with very large timbers, both tamarind and (?) sycamore. Country now becomes more hilly and is more thickly populated.

The Khor Um or Uma is the real southern boundary of the Bari tribe, but the district is supposed to extend to the

Khor Assua 69 99 Khor Assua (mouth 94 miles from Gondokoro measured along the river) and, consequently, includes a few villages of Madi and Shuli tribes.

The road used to go some little way from the river to Affuddu (a few miles S. of Nimule, now abandoned), but since the occupation of Nimule, the road from Adam Madi’s almost follows the course of the river, which flows through high, almost precipitous banks.

Nimule 17 116 Garrison at Nimule, two companies of Sudanese (124 strong each), and the same number of British officers each as at Gondokoro. Is headquarters of Nile military district, situated on N. bank of Unyama river at its junction with the Nile. Between Nimule and Wadelai the road is good.

Lamogi, in the Shuli country, 16 miles W. of Fatiko, and 50 miles S.S.E. of Nimule, is now abandoned; rains about 9 months in the year.

Wadelai 77 193 Wadelai, on the right bank, is the head-quarters of the Nile Province Civil Administration, some police or constabulary are posted here. River only 200 yards wide here. There is a road from here to Fajao (Murchison Falls), 46 miles, not used now.

As one goes S., the climate generally becomes cooler than at Gondokoro. It should also be healthier, but there has been a lot of sickness among the British officers in the past, perhaps due to bad quarters. Country S. of Khor Assua is more fertile and much more thickly populated than the Bari district.

Примечание. См. также отчет г-на Ф. Пордейджа, Департамент общественных работ, Уганда, в Разведывательном отчете по Уганде № 15; и Справочник по Уганде, стр. 52-57.

(b) — ГОНДОКОРО до ВАДЕЛАИ.

Place. Miles and Hours.[49] Description.

Intermediate. Total.

Miles. Hours. Miles. Hours.

Gondokoro — — — — Path good.

Laung 11 3½ 11 3½ Path good, river Gomoro (Kit) is at times bad to cross.

Camp 13 4½ 24 8 Path good.

Camp 15 5 39 13 Path good.

Fagiri 12 4 51 17 Path good; rocky in places. Large village; considerable supplies of food.

Keri 13 5 64 22 Path bad for 2 miles, remainder good.

Arabu 16 5½ 80 27½ Path very bad.

Junction Camp 13 4½ 93 32 Path bad. River Assua difficult to cross. When in flood about 80 yards wide and 14 feet deep, with a swift current; when not in flood the river is fordable. Crossing is at all times dangerous on account of the numerous crocodiles.

Nimule 14 4½ 107 36½ Path good. River Unyama at times bad to cross.

Zaipi 18 4 125 40½ Path good.

Boreli 10 4 135 44½ Path good.

Acho 16 5½ 151 50 Path good. River Zoka at times bad to cross.

Pranga 16 6 167 56 Path good.

Avoi 13 4 180 60 Path good. River Chorr is at times bad to cross.

Wadelai 19 6 199 66

Примечание. Небольшой запас продовольствия обычно можно получить в каждом из вышеуказанных лагерей, за исключением Лагеря на развилке (Junction Camp). Вода доступна во всех лагерях. Во многих местах можно купить рыбу. Товары для торговли: латунь, проволока, мелкий белый бисер, свечи, спички, бутылки и немного ткани. Вожди очень ценят фески (тарбуши). Бегемоты в изобилии водятся в Ниле, а слоны — между Нимуле и Гондокоро. Иногда встречаются львы.

См. также отчеты полковника Коулза, D.S.O., «Нимуле — Гондокоро и Гондокоро — Нимуле» в Разведывательном отчете по Уганде № 19.

Следующее краткое описание местности между Нимуле и Гондокоро дано сэром Ч. Элиотом (июль 1902 г.) из «Географического журнала» за декабрь 1902 г.:—

«Сразу после Нимуле начинаются пороги, которые делают реку несудоходной до Беддена, примерно в 30 милях выше Гондокоро. Эта последняя станция и Нимуле соединены двумя дорогами, ни одна из которых не является хорошей. Одна идет близко к Нилу и была непроходима, когда я совершал путешествие, так как была затоплена из-за недавних дождей; другая проходит дальше вглубь страны. Нельзя сказать, что она предлагает адекватные средства связи между двумя правительственными станциями или для перевозки каких-либо товаров. Большая часть ее пути загромождена болотами, колючими кустарниками или травой высотой 6 футов; но кое-где она проходит через приятные открытые луга, усеянные большими деревьями. Часть ее состоит из отвесных троп, вырубленных в скале, и ее пересекают многие реки, по крайней мере три из которых — Ассуа, Карпата (?) и Кит (или Кити) — представляют серьезные препятствия для пешеходов во время паводка, в чем я убедился. Первую пересекают на плотах, сделанных из амбача, очень легкого дерева. Местные жители проявляют значительное мастерство в управлении этими плотами через поток, но пассажир или груз обычно наполовину погружены в воду. Две другие реки приходится переходить вброд, их глубина составляет около 4 футов. Кит был шириной около 150 ярдов. Все путешествие заняло у меня 7 дней, то есть 6 ночевок в лагерях. Расстояние составляет от 110 до 120 миль».

СКВОЗНЫЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ С МОМБАСОЙ.

(Составлено на основе официальных публикаций и т. д.)

Путешественник должен заранее уведомить о своем прибытии, чтобы обеспечить использование носильщиков, лодок, мулов и повозок.

Нимуле — Бутиаба. От Нимуле и далее путешественник, как правило, может пользоваться правительственными лодками. Между Нимуле и Ваделаи (93 мили) обычным плавсредством является небольшая стальная гребная лодка, а от Ваделаи до Бутиабы (72 мили) (правительственный склад Уганды на восточном берегу озера Альберт) — большая стальная лодка, которая лучше всего идет под парусом. Обычное время в пути между Нимуле и Бутиабой составляет 10-12 дней вверх по течению и 5-8 дней вниз по течению. Вскоре на реке между этими пунктами будет запущен паровой катер.

Бутиаба — Кампала. В Бутиабе есть пирс и пристань. От Бутиабы через Хоиму до Кампалы, 157 миль (телеграф), дорога вполне пригодна для проезда. Расстояние было преодолено за 4,5 дня, но обычное время составляет 8 дней (на повозке) до 12 дней (пешком, с носильщиками). Этапы пути:—

Miles.

Miles.

Miles.

1. Wachi 6 2. Kajura 9 3. Hoima[52] 13

4. Kigonna 10 5. Kikonda 8½ 6. Yilo 17

7. Kigoma[53] 9 8. Kiboga 5½ 9. Kisingo 9½

10. Kative 15½ 11. Kabula Mnbiro 9 12. Nkvanuna 11

13. Kikandwa 13½ 14. Kisimbiri 11 15. Kampala 9½

Большинство основных дорог проходят через Кампалу.

Кампала — Энтеббе. От Кампалы до Энтеббе, столицы, расположенной на озере Виктория-Ньянза, 23 мили по хорошей гужевой дороге.

Энтеббе — Порт-Флоренс. Из Энтеббе раз в две недели ходит пароход через озеро до Кисуму, или Порт-Флоренса, конечной станции железной дороги до Момбасы. Переправа занимает от 2 до 3 дней на пароходе и до 10-15 дней на парусном доу.

Порт-Флоренс — Момбаса. От Порт-Флоренса до Момбасы ходит еженедельный поезд (или чаще) — стоимость проезда 109,5 рупий; расстояние 584 мили преодолевается примерно за 2,25 дня.

Из Момбасы осуществляется ежемесячное сообщение как британскими индийскими, так и немецкими пароходами.

Сводка.

Journey. Days. Transport.

Gondokoro to Nimule 7 to 8 March on foot. Carriers.

Nimule to Wadelai 6 „ „

„ „ 6 to 8 Row-boat.

Wadelai to Butiaba 4 to 6 Sailing boat.

„ „ 3 Steam launch.

Butiaba to Kampala 4 to 8 Mule cart.

„ „ 10 to 12 March. Carriers.

Kampala to Entebbe 1 Mule cart.

„ „ 2 March. Carriers.

Entebbe to Port Florence 2 to 3 Steamer.

„ „ „ 8 to 15 Sailing boat.

Port Florence to Mombasa 2½ Train.

Рекордное время, Гондокоро — Момбаса: 25,5 дней.

140. — ДОРОГИ в АНКЛАВЕ ЛАДО.

Дороги. Дорога идет от Киро прямо к Реджафу, на некотором расстоянии от берега реки, с ответвлением к Ладо.

Дорога от Реджафа до Фараджи — 170 миль на юго-запад — примерно такой же ширины, как хорошая английская шоссейная дорога. На ней много мостов через ручьи, небольшие хоры и т. д. Они сделаны из дерева и совсем не прочные. Существует проект запуска автомобилей по этой дороге, но мосты в настоящее время (июнь 1903 г.) недостаточно прочны. Один автомобиль, вероятно, будет курсировать между Реджафом и станцией Йей (94 мили), а другой — от Йей до Донгу (62 мили), так как через реку Йей моста нет. Реки Йей и Донгу имеют ширину от 40 до 60 ярдов и очень глубоки во время дождей.

Есть некоторые участки дороги, которые хуже других, и предлагается иметь небольшие станции, где будут содержаться волы, чтобы перетаскивать через них автомобили.

На всем пути от Реджафа до Донгу и Ибембо (см. ниже) каждые два-три часа есть станции с домами для отдыха. На каждой из этих станций есть дома для европейцев, и на многих из них сейчас можно получить бананы, папайю, кур, яйца и т. д.

На всех станциях высаживаются овощи, бананы и т. д.

Каждая станция находится под командованием одного или нескольких солдат.

Лока или Локи. Лока (также называемая Гумбири). — Четыре дня (62 мили) от Реджафа. Под командованием белого офицера и одного-двух унтер-офицеров. Окружена деревянным частоколом. Около шести хороших кирпичных зданий с травяными крышами.

Йей. Йей. — Рядом с водоразделом Нил — Конго. Два дня (37 миль) от Гумбири. Большая укрепленная станция, еще не завершенная, расположенная на возвышенности, с которой открывается хороший вид на окрестности. Гораздо большая станция, чем Ладо. Около десяти белых офицеров и врач. Ни одна из бельгийских станций на Ниле ни в чем не сравнится с этой. Все дома белых людей находятся за пределами укреплений. Около 12 хороших кирпичных зданий с травяными крышами; очень здоровая местность.

Аба. Аба. — Три дня (32 мили) от Йей. Деревянный частокол. Четыре кирпичных дома и один большой, строящийся для коменданта. Последний — за пределами частокола. Один белый офицер и один унтер-офицер.

Фараджи. Фараджи. — Четыре дня (38 миль) от Абы, на левом берегу реки Донгу. Кирпичная стена высотой около 6 футов. Снаружи ров; земля из рва насыпана к стене. Хорошие кирпичные здания. Три белых офицера.

Донгу и т. д. Донгу. — Пять или шесть дней от Фараджи; у слияния рек Донгу и Кибали. Кирпичные здания.

Станции за Донгу, в сторону Конго, на автомобильной дороге:—

Ниангара.

Сурунга.

Амади.

Бомоканди.

Мбима.

Бута.

Ибембо.

Дорога также ведет от Мбимы к Джаббиру и Гембеле.

Бофаки. Бофаки, или Вандо. — Важный пост и гарнизон. Здоровая местность. Большие плантации каучука и кофе.

Реджаф. Реджаф: на Ниле. — Небольшой пост. Повозки с волами идут 20 дней по песчаной дороге от Йей; обычное время — 7 дней маршевым маршрутом.

Дуфиле. Дуфиле. — Небольшой пост. Отсюда до Стэнливилля на Конго проложена готовая железнодорожная колея; пока не готова к эксплуатации.

На всех упомянутых постах есть скот, куры, бананы, овощи и т. д.

Почта отправляется из Ладо в Ибембо 1-го и 15-го числа каждого месяца.

От Реджафа строится дорога к Новому Дуфиле, оттуда к Махаджи. К этой дороге в Каджи-Каджи, примерно в 60 милях к югу от Реджафа, примыкает дорога из Локи.

От Йей дорога идет вниз по реке Йей к Амади.

ЛОНДОН: ОТПЕЧАТАНО ДЛЯ КАНЦЕЛЯРИИ ЕГО ВЕЛИЧЕСТВА ФИРМОЙ HARRISON AND SONS, СЕНТ-МАРТИНС-ЛЕЙН.

[36] Положение этого места, описанное подполковником Колвиллом, сомнительно. Некоторые арабы утверждают, что Шебба находится в 8 часах марша к востоку от Терфави (?).

[37] Лейтенант Стюарт-Уортли определяет расстояние от Селимы до Лагии в 140 миль; капитан Ходжсон — в 148, но он сошел с обычной тропы.

[38] Капитан Ходжсон прошел его (февраль 1903 г.) менее чем за 5 дней, включая 42,5 часа фактической езды — почти 4 мили в час.

[39] Хотя путь от Бир-Султана до Джебель-Мейдоба кажется кратчайшим, маршрут к Джебель-Анка, как утверждается, является общепринятым.

[40] Условия могли измениться к лучшему после демаркации границы Судана и Эритреи.

[41] О продолжении этого маршрута до Софи на Атбаре см. Маршрут 13.

[42] О более свежем отчете по маршруту Озеро Цана — Галлабат см. Маршруты 126 и 127.

[43] Около 7 миль к югу от Джебель-Джерок.

[44] Около 7 миль к югу от Джебель-Джерок.

[45] Около 64 миль от Кодока, см. маршруты 47 и 48.

[46] Коровы — от 5 до 7 фунтов стерлингов; волы и быки — от 2 до 4 фунтов стерлингов; овцы и козы — от 5 до 10 шиллингов за голову; яйца — 8 за 1 шиллинг; куры — 6 пенсов; рабочий — 10 шиллингов в месяц. (Г-н Ф. Спайр, сборщик налогов, Гондокоро, август 1903 г.)

[47] В другом сообщении Адам-Мади находится в 42 милях от Гондокоро и на некотором расстоянии вглубь страны.

[48] Взято из «Сводки информации, касающейся протектората Уганда». — I.D.W.O.

[49] Расстояния по времени для людей, путешествующих налегке; 25% следует добавить для караванов.

[50] Г-н Пордейдж сообщил мне, что места остановок на этой дороге следующие: «(1) река Ассуа, 11,25 мили; (2) деревня Рейк, 11 миль; (3) Мрули, 12 миль; (4) Локойя, 12,5 миль; (5) Тамбур, 12,25 мили; (6) Коги, 9,75 мили; (7) Нагуа, 10 миль; (8) Форт-Беркли, 12 миль; (9) деревня Ибрагима, 12 миль; (10) Гондокоро, 10 миль». (Всего 112,75 мили.)

[51] По воде.

[52] Правительственная станция.

[53] Дом для отдыха.

[54] Сейчас (1904 г.) они курсируют по участку дороги между Реджафом и Йей.

АНГЛО-ЕГИПЕТСКИЙ СУДАН

Примечание транскрибатора:

стр. 6 Исправлено «Rock grouse aud doves» на: «and»

стр. 11 Исправлено «Hormaneb Well» и «Bir Hormaneb» на: «Hormareb»

стр. 20 Исправлено «and than a N.N.E. direction» на: «then»

стр. 36 Исправлено «and Wada Sangareh» на: «Wadi»

стр. 42 Исправлено «kittr, laot, talh and saut» на: «sant»

стр. 44 Исправлено «Debaina village and residence» на: «Debania»

стр. 61 Исправлено «popula-lation about 1,000» на: «population»

стр. 69 Исправлено «Selim and Dar Agil Haggaras» на: «Baggaras»

стр. 72 Исправлено «Water suppy scanty» на: «supply»

стр. 72 Исправлено «J. Kumuk is left to the W.» на: «Kurmuk»

стр. 76 Исправлено «few Baggara “rakukas.”» на: «rakubas»

стр. 83 Исправлено «khor is of greater dinensions» на: «dimensions»

стр. 97 Исправлено «right bank of tae river Ba» на: «the»

стр. 102 Исправлено «runs close under this hilll» на: «hill»

стр. 119 Исправлено «Um Sedeika (Rest house)» на: «Sedeira»

стр. 120 Исправлено «This is a Kurtan villlage» на: «village»

стр. 126 Исправлено «passing Village Eilatun» на: «Eilafun»

стр. 126 Исправлено «mosquitoes and sand fles» на: «flies»

стр. 141 Исправлено «cross an open pleateau» на: «plateau»

стр. 142 Исправлено «buidings on J. Sukunja» на: «buildings»

стр. 145 Исправлено «25 to 30 feet drip» на: «deep»

стр. 146 Исправлено «Beni Fadi village named Shallo» на: «Fadl»

стр. 152 Исправлено «the hills crowne with many Nuba» на: «crowned»

стр. 162 Исправлено «and poor water upply» на: «supply»

стр. 167 Исправлено «probaby 100 years old» на: «probably»

стр. 172 Исправлено «low hills on on right» на: «low hills on right»

стр. 186 Исправлено «I flows out near Ambukol» на: «It flows out»

стр. 187 Исправлено «Bayuda Weels» [Above J. Hawashawi] на: «Bayuda Wells»

стр. 196 Исправлено «no detailed imformation» на: «information»

стр. 198 Исправлено «reaching Azleklesan» на: «Azteklesan»

pg 216 Changed "Kkor Damu, 20 yards wide" to: "Khor"

стр. 219 Исправлено «Bad here full of rocks» на: «Bed»

стр. 220 «Khor Gulbis» и соответствующие мили перемещены на одну строку вверх от «At 2 miles from [. . .]» к «Ten yards wide [. . .]».

стр. 220 Исправлено «¼ mile before crosing khor» на: «crossing»

стр. 221 Исправлено «good obtained in hkor» на: «khor»

стр. 222 Исправлено «in tukls on the hilll» на: «hill»

стр. 229-231 Несколько случаев ²⁄₈, ⁴⁄₈ и ⁶⁄₈ были изменены на ¼, ½ и ¾ соответственно.

стр. 229 Исправлено «Bato fordable here» на: «Baro»

стр. 229 Исправлено «R. Baitick» на: «Baitiok»

стр. 230 Исправлено «however they they will not be» на: «however they will not be»

Незначительные изменения в пунктуации были внесены без уведомления.

Другие несоответствия в написании оставлены без изменений.

back

back