Р. Э. Макфи

«Недавние дискуссии об отмене патентов на изобретения в Соединенном Королевстве, Франции, Германии и Нидерландах»

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В «Бихайв» от 31 июля есть статья о собрании, упомянутом в «Предисловии». Ниже приводится выдержка, к которой почтительно прилагаются три примечания:—

...Но отменить всю защиту оригинальных изобретений означало бы, как справедливо утверждал г-н Патерсон, передать всю прибыль, возникающую от таких изобретений, капиталисту. [14] Этот оратор сделал бы предоставление патентов бесплатным и ввел бы налог на прибыль от запатентованного устройства. Г-н Макфи, член парламента от Лейта, попал в точку, когда указал на отсутствие роялти за рубежом, в то время как дома они лежат на нас сокрушительным грузом; и если мы не сможем найти облегчение, не следуя примеру Швейцарии в отмене патентных законов, а также Голландии и Германии в выступлении против них, то помощи не будет.

Но когда г-н Макфи «отрицает, что изобретатель имеет какое-либо исключительное право на свое изобретение», он делает утверждение, которое в силах любого изобретателя практически опровергнуть. Скажем, А нашел ценное изобретение или, что то же самое для целей аргументации, думает, что нашел; он встречает члена парламента от Лейта, который говорит: «Полно, мой любезный, выкладывай это свое изобретение для общего блага; у тебя нет на него исключительного права». Что, вероятно, ответил бы А? «Разве нет? Позвольте мне оставить его при себе, и кто может мне помешать?» Однако, хотя это полная бессмыслица — отрицать право человека на идеи его собственного ума, [15] практический вопрос — это другое дело; и нам всем следует помнить, что мы — члены одного общества, и общества, называемого, по крайней мере, христианским. Тем не менее, если А должен внести свой вклад в общее благо, все остальные члены алфавита обязаны ответить взаимностью на его щедрость. [16] ...

[14] Что касается капиталиста, если бы не было патентов, почему бы не сказать потребитель?

[15] Это исключительное право, а вовсе не его личное право на использование, и право скрывать, если у него есть воля и сила, вот что отрицается.

[16] Эти заключительные здравые размышления в высшей степени наводят на размышления.

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ.

Abuse of Patents, 39, 46, 47

Agricultural Interest Concerned, 51

Армстронг, сэр У., C.B.

See also “Quotations”, 237

Austria, 47, 51

Authors’ Motives, 298

Stamp, 297

Interest, 293

Bad working of our Patent System in Prussian Eyes, 189

Baden, 192

Bavaria, 331

“Beehive”, 332

Belgium, 66, 124, 193, 198, 201, 209, 213, 278, 331

Benard, M., 124, 150, 175

Bergmann, van Zinnicq, 196, 223

Bismarck, Count von, his Message on Patents, 185

Brunswick, 192

Buying up Patents, 27, 39, 41, 43, 112, 139

Canada, Copyright in, 307, 309

Canadian Parliament, Correspondence on Copyright, 316

Patent-Law, 290, 297

Capitalists, 26, 43, 73, 206, 240, 257

Chevalier, M., 164

Случаи и иллюстрации:—

Alpaca, 38

Aluminium, 37

Aniline, 169, 177

Bicycles, 203

Bleu Francais, 171

Boot-heels, 37

Bullets, 266

Buttons, 38

Candles, 27

Capsules, 34

Carding Machines, 138

Colour, 66

“Cock-spurs”, 41

Cooking, 46

Copper, 284

Ether-spray, 268

Filters, 29

Fireplaces, 283

Flour, 51, 52, 100

Food, 19

Fuel, 283

Fulling, 20

Gas, 106, 234

Gloves, 38

Gun-cotton, 47

Guns, 206

Heating, 283

Iron-trade, 34, 50, 166, 171, 256, 284, 285

Lamps, 273

Linen-trade, 54

Machinery, 31, 54

Manures, 233

Medical, &c., 19, 268

Peat, 234

Pencils, 173

Photography, 169, 218

Pyrites, 235

Quinine, 177

Railways, 283

Railway Pins, 268

Safety, 19, 40

Screw Propeller, 45, 97, 256, 275

Sewing Machines, 32, 41, 283

Shale Oils, &c., 99, 253

Shipbuilding and Equipping, 43, 44, 46, 78, 79

Shirt-frills, 37

Shot, 44

Spine-bags, 269

Spinning, 283

Steam Boilers and Engines, 19, 28, 97, 102, 169, 255, 261, 283

Sugar, 19, 53, 54, 65

Sulphuric Acid, 255

Telegraphs, 36, 38, 97, 136, 274, 283

Umbrellas, 38

Ventilating, 283

Weaving, 145

Civilisation Impugned, 75

Classification of Patents, 19, 87, 97, 283

Cobden Club Prize Essay, 305

Colonies, 19, 48, 64, 297, 326

Colonies of France, 325

Combination Inventions, 29, 101, 103

Commerce, Chamber of, Cologne, 272, 279

Glasgow, 116

Holland, 203

Liverpool, 22, 213, 231, 249, 278

Manchester, 24

Prussia, 185, 215, 278

United Kingdom, 277

Commercial Societies opposed to Patents, 185, 203, 204

Комиссия, Королевская, 22, 24, 28, 34, 42, 51, 59, 66, 104, 109, 114, 189, 211, 212, 228, 231, 235, 246, 249, 252, 258, 267

Committee of 1829, 20, 22, 23, 24

1851, 22, 38, 211

Community has Claims on Inventors, 14, 119

Competition, its Place and Power, 156, 162, 276

Conditions in Early Patents, 15

Consumers get Benefit of Inventions, 71, 289

Continental Patent Systems, 90

Copyright Amendment Tendencies, 320

Bill for Fine Arts, 320

Compared with Patent-right, 10, 95, 110, 117, 200, 206, 208, 210, 221, 228, 238, 241, 243, 254, 255, 264

International, 293, 305

“Verein,” a, 297

Cost of Patents, 24, 25, 38, 40, 62, 189

Crown Not Liable to Pay for Patents, 104

Custom-house Officers, What they have to Do, 141, 321

Danger of Losing Pre-eminence in Manufactures, 91, 245

Debate in Parliament, 9, 201, 208, 231, 251

De Bruyn Kops, 202, 223

Decorations Suggested, 86

Development a Feature of the Patent System, 16, 18

Disrepute, Patenting falling into, 83, 168

Dormant Patents, 44

Doubts as to Benefit of Patent System, 44, 57, 109

Duties on Books, 309, 310, 318, 326

“Economist, The”, 254

Economists of Germany, 66, 215, 278

Europe, Feeling against Patents in, 211

European Copyright, Americans obtain through Canada, 307

Examination before Granting Patents, 187, 189, 252, 259, 266, 269, 270

Exceptional Rewards for Great Inventions, 94, 114

Excise, Proposal to Employ, on behalf of Authors, 318, 319, 326

Exclusive Property, None should be in Inventions, 129

Exorbitant Demands of Patentees, 27, 31, 32, 41, 46, 50, 51, 53, 166

Expatriation of Frenchmen by Patents, 179

Expediency the only Ground for Patents, 232, 238, 271

Expired Patent, An, 31

“Exploitation” required in France, 133

“Expropriation”, 81, 142

Extravagance of Patents as a Recompense, 78, 265

Favours, Patents are, 10, 224

Fock, Minister of the Interior in the Netherlands, 219, 224

Foreigners, How Favoured, 90, 275, 308

Number of Patents in United Kingdom, 68

France, 66, 193, 197, 199, 200, 211, 227, 325, 332

Copyright Convention with, 325

Free Trade, 47, 48, 73, 81, 164, 228, 232, 245

Frivolous and Petty Inventions, 26, 30, 33, 37, 44, 96, 101, 206, 253, 260, 266, 270, 284

Gefken, 224

Germany, 185, 192, 193, 214, 220, 230, 274, 275, 279, 332

Economists of, 66, 249

Godefroi, 207, 223

Guilds, 197, 203

Heemskerk Azn, 198, 220, 224

Hesse, 192

Honours for Inventors, 86

Houten, Van, 204

Improper Patents, 38, 55, 268, 284

Improvements, Minor, 36, 37, 170

Retarded by Patents, 39, 58, 114, 272, 281

Inconvenience Caused by Patents, 20, 26, 46, 48, 104

India, 48

Infringements, 34, 112, 272

Unconscious, 29, 44, 103, 204, 261

Injury done to Patentees by Patents, 29, 121, 255, 260, 273

International Arrangements, 86, 293, 296, 305

Invalid Patents, 32, 39, 235, 237

Inventions Independent of Patents, 119, 136

Inventor, The “First and True”, 16

Inventors’ Institute, 287

Who are They?, 248, 288

Ireland, 15, 19, 53, 295, 324

Italy, 324, 332

Johnston, Andrew, Esq., M.P., 239

Judges and Jury in Patent Trials, 107

Law of Patents in America, 282

Copyright, 298, 310, 313

Patents, How Administered, 12, 33, 107, 109

Patents in France, 175, 216

Patents in Holland, 202, 215

Officers of the Crown, 105, 266

Lawyers, Many Opposed to Patents, 93

Lenting, 225

Library of Patent-office, 289

Licences, 13, 38

Compulsory, 42, 246, 262

High Charges for, 48, 50, 51

Refusal of, 40, 41, 53, 103

Litigation, Costly, 34, 43, 100, 111, 260

Dilatory, 33, 105, 253

Occasioned or Required by Patents, 30, 32, 34, 52, 105, 121, 180, 201, 234, 237, 253, 285

Loss of Inventions by Abolition Improbable, 107, 119

Losses by Patents, 42, 43

Macfie, Speech of Mr., 9, 213, 251

Manufacture, What is Meant by?, 16, 59, 282

Manufacturers dislike Patents, 9, 30, 248, 251, 262

Injustice Done to, 71, 238

Medals Proposed, 85

Merits, Certificates of, 85

Meritorious and Unmeritorious Patents, 97

Mill, J. S., his Arguments for Patents, 69

Appealed to, 75

Monopoly, Antipathy to, 11, 16, 21, 26

Injurious, 28, 36

Restrictions on, Necessary, 15

the Essence of a Patent, 10, 219, 232, 244, 272

Multiplication of Patents, 25, 37, 44, 45, 203

Musical Copyright, 315

Muspratt, E. K., Esq., 231

Nature, Order of, opposed to Monopoly of Ideas, 9, 76

Neglect of Patents by Patentees, 54

Netherlands, 50, 196, 200, 225, 236, 280, 332

New Books seldom Seen by Poor, 294

Number of Patents, 18, 19, 97, 283

in other Countries, 50, 192

Препятствование патентов, 27, 36, 44, 59, 102, 112, 122, 163, 171, 203, 206, 226, 227, 237, 253, 255, 257, 270, 281

Occupation, Right of First, 207

Operatives as Witnesses, 92

Injured by Patents, 63, 239, 247, 286

Seldom get New Books, 294

Origin of the Patent System in England, 11

Palmer, Sir Roundell, M.P., 93

Parliament, 11, 21, 236

Patent Act of 1852, 25, 48

Laws cannot be much Improved, 67, 91, 187, 205, 217, 246, 252, 263, 333

Office, 289

System, Demands of, on Manufacturers, 76, 226

Patentees, Limit in Number of, 16

Who should be, 13

Patenting for Self-Protection, 28, 33, 165

Patents a Bad Stimulus, 62, 78, 120

an Anachronism, 123, 171, 255

are a Power to Restrain Others, 10, 111, 186

do more Harm than Good, 115, 273

Overtask Inventors’ Time and Powers, 79

Uncertain as a Lottery, 23, 42, 111, 260, 273

Used as Advertisements, 38

Perpetuity of Property in Patents, 133, 281

Poor Inventors, 42, 58, 62, 111, 237, 257, 262, 267

Prejudices in Favour of Patents, 254

Prices, Patents should not Raise, 21

Raised by Patents, 48, 54, 55, 178, 272

Principles, Patenting of, 274

Priority of Patenting, 113, 118

Processes are now Patented, 13, 14, 19

Profits of Patentees, 30, 34, 37, 52, 61

Go to Parties who have Little Claim, 35, 42, 52, 55, 61, 112, 191

Property, Exclusive Privileges are, 10

in Ideas, Knowledge, Modes, or Inventions, 9, 15, 95, 111, 116, 124, 167, 205, 242, 243, 254, 269, 324

in Land compared with that in Inventions, 132, 281

Prussia, 49, 50, 166, 171, 185, 192, 193, 201

Цитаты из или ссылки на:—

Abel, 33, 46, 68

Admiralty, 44, 60, 104

Annalen de Norddeutschen Bundes, 279

Armstrong, Sir W., 27, 28, 31, 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 57, 82, 90, 103, 257, 258, 262

Athenæum, 309, 310

Avenir Commercial, 175

Bacon’s Abridgment, 17

Bastiat, 161, 276, 277

Barthel, die Patent-frage, 279

Bell, 238

Betts, 34

Bismarck, Count von, 185, 219

Blaine, Roberton D., 324

Boudron, Aug., 28

Bookseller, 307, 309

Bovill, 51

Brande’s Dictionary, 13

Brewster, Sir David, 69

Bright, Right Hon. John, 249

British Association, 65

Brunel, I. K., 36, 39, 43, 58, 212

Brunel, Sir M. I., 23, 42

Buller, Justice, 18

Bulwer’s Act, 298

Bunsen, 274

Cairns, Lord, 67, 249, 319

Campbell, Lord, 64, 213

Cardwell, Right Hon. E., 65

Carpmael, 38

Chambers’s Cyclopædia, 34

Chelmsford, Lord, 41

Chevalier, M., 73, 80, 164, 198, 210, 211, 220, 221, 249, 278

Clode, 46, 47

Cobden, Richard, M.P., 63, 249

Coke, Sir E., 16, 20, 21

Collier, Sir R., 251, 254, 266

Conté, 173

Continental Association for Social Sciences, 81

Cook and Wheatstone, 36

Coryton’s Law of Letters-Patent, 17, 18, 24

Crane, Sir F., 83

Crossley, Sir F., M.P., 38, 70

Crown Lawyers, 63

Cubitt, Sir W., M.P., 29, 57, 212

Curtis, 24, 28, 32, 282

Daguerre, 169, 209, 218

Daly, Michael, Esq., 326

Douglas, Sir Howard, 45

Economist, 251, 255

Economists of Germany, 64, 215

Edmunds, L., Esq., 68

Engineer, 50, 269, 282, 285

Erle, Sir W., 67

Eyre, C. J., 18

Fairbairn, W., 67

Fairrie, John, 56

Farey, 20, 39

Flachat, E., 277

Forster, Right Hon. W. E., 67

Foxwell, 32

Franklin, 172

French Academy of Sciences, 143, 177, 209

Fulton, 143, 238

Garnier, Joseph, 221

Government Establishments, 43, 104, 258

Graham, Sir James, 64

Granville, Earl, 63, 212

Grey, Earl, 65

Griffith, 45

Grotius, 15

Grove, Q.C., 31, 33, 35, 37, 43, 57, 67, 98, 274, 284

Guimet, 171, 182

Hale, W. S., 27

Hall, 43

Hatherley, Lord, 25, 67

Harmonies Economiques, 163, 276

Harrowby, Earl of, 64

Hawkins, Serjeant, 16

Heath, Justice, 17

Hills, F. C., 234

Hindmarch, The Law of Patents, 14, 17, 282

Hofmann, 177

Holden, 139

Howard, Hon., 53

Howard, M.P., 251, 254

Indian Trade, 47

Ingres, 174

Jamar, Minister of Works in Belgium, 209, 211

Journal des Economistes, 124, 281

Journal of Jurisprudence, 25, 67

Judges, 63, 212

Klostermann, Dr., 201, 221, 279

Krupp, 171, 206

Lamartine, 200

Lawes, 233

Lefroy, General, 46

Legrand, 65, 277

Le Hardy de Beaulieu, 124, 277, 281

Lennard, M.P., 23

Macfie, M.P., 258, 278

Master of the Rolls, 1851, 63

Maurice, 256

Maury, Lieut., 161

M’Culloch, 69

Mechanics’ Magazine, 297, 299

Mill, J. S., 69, 78, 80, 256

Morse, 274

Mundella, M.P., 251, 262, 267

Napoleon, 304

Neilson, 284

Newton, 32, 38, 41, 265

Niepce de St. Victor, 169, 209

Overstone, Lord, 67

Paillottet, 277

Pall Mall Gazette, 231

Palmer, Sir R., M.P., 93, 232, 251, 255, 259, 263, 265

Passy, 169

Peel, Sir R., M.P., 23

Percy, Dr., 284

Perkins, 177

Platt, M.P., 29, 30, 33, 40, 57, 103, 258

Prècis d’Economie Politique, 153

Purday, Esq., 312, 313

Ransomes, 29

Reeve, Registrar of Privy Council, 51

Reid, Colonel, 56, 212

Reissel, 275

Rendal, J. M., 26, 47

Renouard, 301

Reybaud, L., 138

Ricardo, M.P., 65, 212, 249

Roberts, Richard, 38, 39, 55

Robinson, Admiral, 45

Roche, M.P., 65

Russell, J. Scott, 28, 30, 34, 103, 258, 262

Saturday Review, 263

Savornel Lohman, 200

Sciences Sociales, Association des, 81

Simon, of Privy Council, 269

Smith, Adam, 69

Smith, Archibald, 65

Smith, M., Q.C., M.P., 28

Social Science Association Proceedings, 14, 32, 42, 243

Société d’Economie Politique, 164, 202

Somerset, Duke of, 44

Sophismes Economiques, 155

Spectator, 259

Spence, James, 27, 43, 58

Stanley, Lord, M.P., 67, 208, 218, 249, 251, 255, 259

Stephens’ Commentaries, 10

Stephenson, 238

Talfourd, Serjeant, 298

Tilliere, 81

Trades Union, 78

Traité des Droits d’Auteurs, 297

Tyndal, Chief Justice, 17

Vermeire, 276, 277, 279

Visvering, Professor, 200

Waddington, H., 67

Walkoff, 153, 154

War Office, 46, 60, 104

Watt, 171

Webster, Thomas, Q.C., 26, 31, 35, 36

West India Association, 48

Whittle, Lowry, 54

Wintgens, 219, 222, 224

Wolowski, Professor, 82, 221

Woodcroft, 15, 32, 37, 56, 87

Young, 101

Recompense, Futility of Inventors’ Claim for, 131

Registration of Improvements, 86, 270

Remedies Suggested, 37, 72

Renouard, 294, 301

Repealing of Patents, Rare, 35

Results of Bad Law, 175

Rewards, State, 71, 80, 84, 94, 114, 171, 238, 247, 274, 288, 333

Rhine Countries, 230

Rights of Inventors a Modernism, 16

of the Community, 142, 206

Роджерс, профессор Торольд, viii

Royalties under Patents are a Differential Duty, 51

are a Tax, 49, 74, 102

for Remunerating Authors, 293, 298, 315

Heavy to Patentees, 50, 274, 285

авторам, см. «Авторское право»

Ruin of a Firm by Refusal of Patent Licences, 53

“Saturday Review”, 263

Saxony, 50

Scheme for International Patents, 250

for Modifying Patent System, 248

for Royalties to Authors, 296

Science, Men of, 36, 58, 64, 98, 168, 170, 176, 228

Scotland, 19, 82, 99, 283

Secrecy and Concealment, 40, 47, 56, 88, 114, 158, 194

Sentimentalism, 18, 123

Simultaneousness of Inventions, 25, 26, 35, 36, 45, 54, 95, 113, 204, 209, 253, 261, 265

Smuggling of Books into Canada, 309

“Spectator”, 259

Speculation in Patents, 53, 112, 260, 275

Stanley, Lord, M.P., 67, 109, 208

State is not Bound to Grant Patents, 10

its Duty, 76

makes Preposterous Concessions in Patents, 74, 78, 141

Statute of Monopolies Quoted, 11, 20, 21, 22, 47, 59, 60, 88, 282

Steps in Invention, 136, 147, 169, 253, 258

Stirling, James, Esq., 116

Substitute for Patents should be Sought for, 115

Sugar Refiners, 19, 48, 51, 54, 65, 82

Switzerland, 49, 68, 167, 191, 193, 198, 201, 236, 247, 249, 254, 275, 280

“Times, The”, 251

Titles Suggested, 86

Trade, Board of, 249, 317

in Books, 293, 294, 308, 312, 331, 332

Interfered with by Patents, 47, 51, 52, 65, 81, 166

Marks, 326, 328

Trades Union, 78

United Kingdom, 193, 197, 324

United States, 193, 197, 199, 282, 296, 297, 307, 317, 331, 332

Usefulness of a Patent System, 56, 57, 97, 161, 258, 273

Vending, 282

not Prohibited in Germany, 193

Vermeire, 276

Voorthuysen, Van, 218, 224

Wages, Effect of Patents on, 62

Watts, Thomas, Esq., 297

West India Association’s Policy as to Patents, 48

Würtemberg, 192

ОПЕЧАТКИ.

On page 70, two lines from bottom, read Francis instead of Joseph.

” 92, line 13, for command read commend; and insert a comma after the word inaugurate in next line.

Примечание транскрибатора: Эти две поправки были внесены, и, кроме того, был выявлен и исправлен ряд незначительных типографских ошибок.

ЛОНДОН: У. Дж. ДЖОНСОН, ПЕЧАТНИК, 121, ФЛИТ-СТРИТ.

ПАТЕНТНЫЙ ВОПРОС ПРИ СВОБОДНОЙ ТОРГОВЛЕ:

РЕШЕНИЕ ТРУДНОСТЕЙ ПУТЕМ ОТМЕНЫ ИЛИ СОКРАЩЕНИЯ МОНОПОЛИИ ИЗОБРЕТАТЕЛЕЙ И УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ВОЗНАГРАЖДЕНИЙ.

ДОКЛАД, ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННЫЙ НА КОНГРЕСС АССОЦИАЦИИ СОДЕЙСТВИЯ РАЗВИТИЮ СОЦИАЛЬНЫХ НАУК В ЭДИНБУРГЕ, ОКТЯБРЬ 1863 Г., РОБЕРТОМ ЭНДРЮ МАКФИ, ПРЕЗИДЕНТОМ ЛИВЕРПУЛЬСКОЙ ТОРГОВОЙ ПАЛАТЫ.

К КОТОРОМУ ДОБАВЛЕНЫ ПЕРЕВОДЫ НЕДАВНИХ ВКЛАДОВ В ПАТЕНТНУЮ РЕФОРМУ М. ШЕВАЛЬЕ И ДРУГИХ КОНТИНЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИСТОВ.

ЛОНДОН: LONGMANS, GREEN, READER, AND DYER. 1864.

ЦЕНА ОДИН ШИЛЛИНГ (по почте за 13 марок).

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