«Указатель к серии книг Джона Эбботта «Американские пионеры и патриоты»»

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ К СЕРИИ ДЖОНА С. К. ЭББОТТА «АМЕРИКАНСКИЕ ПИОНЕРЫ И ПАТРИОТЫ»

Составлено на основе электронных книг Проекта «Гутенберг», подготовленных многочисленными добровольцами Проекта «Гутенберг» и волонтерами-корректорами

CONTENTS

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## I. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

## II. FERDINAND DE SOTO

## III. CHEVALIER DE LA SALLE

## IV. MILES STANDISH

## V. CAPTAIN WILLIAM KIDD

## VI. PETER STUYVESANT

## VII. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

## VIII. GEORGE WASHINGTON

## IX. DANIEL BOONE

## X. CHRISTOPHER CARSON

## XI. ADMIRAL JOHN PAUL JONES

## XII. DAVID CROCKETT

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЯ ТОМОВ

I. ХРИСТОФОР КОЛУМБ

Этот первый том из серии Джона С. К. Эбботта «Пионеры Америки», посвященный Колумбу, был недоступен на английском языке, поэтому здесь была задействована другая электронная книга Проекта «Гутенберг» о жизни Христофора Колумба за авторством Филсона Янга, чтобы дополнить комплект из 12 томов.

ХРИСТОФОР КОЛУМБ

И НОВЫЙ СВЕТ ЕГО ОТКРЫТИЯ

ПОВЕСТВОВАНИЕ ФИЛСОНА ЯНГА

ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИИ И КАРТЫ

«ЗАВОЕВАТЕЛИ» Фронтиспис работы НОРМАНА УИЛКИНСОНА ВОРОТА СВЯТОГО АНДРЕЯ УЛИЦА В ГЕНУЕ ЛА РАБИДА ГАВАНЬ ПАЛОСА МОРСКОЙ АСТРОЛЯБИЯ ПОРТУГАЛЬСКАЯ МИРОВАЯ КАРТА ГЛОБУС БЕХАЙМА ОСТРОВ УОТЛИНГ КАРАВЕЛЛА (ПЯТНАДЦАТЫЙ ВЕК) КАРТА ЭСПАНЬОЛЫ ЧЕТЫРЕ ПУТЕШЕСТВИЯ КОЛУМБА ХРИСТОФОР КОЛУМБ — Фронтиспис тома II. КАРТА СЕВЕРНОГО ПОБЕРЕЖЬЯ ЭСПАНЬОЛЫ — Нарисована КОЛУМБОМ ВЕРАГУА ФАКСИМИЛЕ ПИСЬМА КОЛУМБА ВЕСТ-ИНДИЯ ИЗАБЕЛЛА КАСТИЛЬСКАЯ ФЕРДИНАНД АРАГОНСКИЙ ДОМ В ВАЛЬЯДОЛИДЕ, ГДЕ УМЕР КОЛУМБ

CONTENTS

КНИГА I.

ВНУТРЕННИЙ СВЕТ

I ПОТОК МИРА

II ДОМ В ГЕНУЕ

III ЮНЫЙ ХРИСТОФОР

IV ДОМЕНИКО

V МОРСКИЕ ДУМЫ

VI В ПОРТУГАЛИИ

VII ТЕЛЕСНЫЕ И ДУХОВНЫЕ ПРИКЛЮЧЕНИЯ

VIII ОГОНЬ РАЗГОРАЕТСЯ

IX СТАНДАРТНЫЕ СТРАНСТВИЯ С ИДЕЕЙ

X НАША ГОСПОЖА ЛА-РАБИДСКАЯ

XI СОГЛАСИЕ ИСПАНИИ

XII ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ В ПАЛОСЕ

XIII СОБЫТИЯ ПЕРВОГО ПУТЕШЕСТВИЯ

XIV ПОДХОД К БЕРЕГУ

КНИГА II.

НОВЫЙ СВЕТ

I ОЧРОВАННЫЕ ОСТРОВА

II ЗЕМНОЙ РАЙ

III ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ ДОМОЙ

IV ЧАС ТРИУМФА

V ВЕЛИКИЕ ОЖИДАНИЯ

VI ВТОРОЕ ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ

VII ЗЕМНОЙ РАЙ ВНОВЬ ПОСЕЩЕННЫЙ

КНИГА III.

ОТЧАЯННЫЕ МЕРЫ

I ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ НА КУБУ

II ЗАВОЕВАНИЕ ЭСПАНЬОЛЫ

III ВЗЛЕТЫ И ПАДЕНИЯ

IV СНОВА В ИСПАНИИ

V ТРЕТЬЕ ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ

VI ИНТЕРЛЮДИЯ

VII ТРЕТЬЕ ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ (продолжение)

КНИГА IV.

К ЗАКАТУ СОЛНЦА

I УНИЖЕНИЕ

II КРИЗИС В ЖИЗНИ АДМИРАЛА

III ПОСЛЕДНЕЕ ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ

IV ГЕРОИЧЕСКИЕ ПРИКЛЮЧЕНИЯ НА СУШЕ И НА МОРЕ

V ЛУННОЕ ЗАТМЕНИЕ

VI ПОМОЩЬ АДМИРАЛУ

VII НАСЛЕДИЕ НЕНАВИСТИ

VIII АДМИРАЛ ВОЗВРАЩАЕТСЯ ДОМОЙ

IX ПОСЛЕДНИЕ ДНИ

X ЧЕЛОВЕК КОЛУМБ

II. ФЕРНАНДО ДЕ СОТО

АМЕРИКАНСКИЕ ПИОНЕРЫ И ПАТРИОТЫ.

ФЕРНАНДО ДЕ СОТО.

ОТКРЫВАТЕЛЬ

МИССИСИПИ.

Джона С. К. Эбботта.

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ.

————◆————

CHAPTER I.

Childhood and Youth.

PAGE

Birthplace of Ferdinand De Soto.—Spanish Colony at Darien.—Don Pedro de Avila, Governor of Darien.—Vasco Nuñez.—Famine.—Love in the Spanish Castle.—Character of Isabella.—Embarrassment of De Soto.—Isabella's Parting Counsel.

9

CHAPTER II.

The Spanish Colony.

Character of De Soto.—Cruel Command of Don Pedro.—Incident.—The Duel.—Uracca.—Consternation at Darien.—Expedition Organized.—Uracca's Reception of Espinosa and his Troops.—The Spaniards Retreat.—De Soto Indignant.—Espinosa's Cruelty, and Deposition from Command.

21

CHAPTER III.

Life at Darien.

Reinforcements from Spain.—Aid sent to Borrica.—Line of Defense Chosen by the Natives.—Religion of the Buccaneers.—The Battle and the Rout.—Strategy of Uracca.—Cruelty of Don Pedro.—The Retreat.—Character of Uracca.—Embarrassment of Don Pedro.—Warning of M. Codro.—Expedition of Pizarro.—Mission of M. Codro.—Letter of De Soto to Isabella.

37

CHAPTER IV.

Demoniac Reign.

Giles Gonzales.—Unsuccessful Contest of De Soto with Gonzales.—Bold Reply of De Soto to the Governor.—Cruelty of Don Pedro to M. Codro.—Assassination of Cordova.—New Expedition of Discovery.—Revenge upon Valenzuela.—Reign of Don Pedro at Nicaragua.—Unwise Decision of De Soto.

55

CHAPTER V.

The Invasion of Peru.

The Kingdom of Peru.—Its Metropolis.—The Desperate Condition of Pizarro.—Arrival of De Soto.—Character of the Spaniards.—Exploring Tour of De Soto.—The Colony at San Miguel.—The General Advance.—Second Exploration of De Soto.—Infamous Conduct of the Pizarros.

72

CHAPTER VI.

The Atrocities of Pizarro.

Fears of Pizarro.—Honorable Conduct of the Inca.—The March to Caxamarca.—Hospitable Reception.—Perfidious Attack upon the Inca.—His Capture and Imprisonment.—The Honor of De Soto.—The Offered Ransom.—Treachery and Extortion of Pizarro.

90

CHAPTER VII.

The Execution of the Inca, and Embarrassments of De Soto.

Pledges of Pizarro.—His Perfidy.—False Mission of De Soto.—Execution of the Inca.—His Fortitude.—Indignation of De Soto.—Great Embarrassments.—Extenuating Considerations.—Arrival of Almagro.—March Towards the Capital.

107

CHAPTER VIII.

De Soto Returns to Spain.

Dreadful Fate of Chalcukima.—His Fortitude.—Ignominy of Pizarro.—De Soto's Advance upon Cuzco.—The Peruvian Highway.—Battle in the Defile.—De Soto takes the Responsibility.—Capture of the Capital and its Conflagration.—De Soto's Return to Spain.—His Reception there.—Preparations for the Conquest of Florida.

126

CHAPTER IX.

The Landing in Florida.

The Departure from Spain.—Arrival in Cuba.—Leonora and Tobar.—Isabella Invested with the Regency.—Sad Life of Isabella.—Sailing of the Expedition.—The Landing at Tampa Bay.—Outrages of Narvaez.—Noble Spirit of Ucita.—Unsuccessful Enterprises.—Disgrace and Return of Porcallo.

144

CHAPTER X.

The March to Ochile.

The March Commenced.—The Swamps of Florida.—Passage of the Morass.—Heroism of Sylvestre.—Message to Acuera.—His Heroic Reply.—Fierce Hostility of the Indians.—Enter the Town of Ocali.—Strange Incident.—Death of the Bloodhound.—Historical Discrepancies.—Romantic Entrance to Ochile.

163

CHAPTER XI.

The Conspiracy and its Consequences.

The Three Brother Chieftains.—Reply of Vitachuco to his Brothers.—Feigned Friendship for the Spaniards.—The Conspiracy.—Its Consummation and Results.—Clemency of De Soto.—The Second Conspiracy.—Slaughter of the Indians.—March of the Spaniards for Osachile.—Battle in the Morass.

180

CHAPTER XII.

Winter Quarters.

Incidents of the March.—Passage of the River.—Entering Anhayea.—Exploring Expeditions.—De Soto's desire for Peace.—Capture of Capafi.—His Escape.—Embarrassments of De Soto.—Letter of Isabella.—Exploration of the Coast.—Discovery of the Bay of Pensacola.—Testimony Respecting Cofachiqui.—The March Resumed.

199

CHAPTER XIII.

Lost in the Wilderness.

Incidents at Achise.—Arrival at Cofa.—Friendly Reception by Cofaqui.—The Armed Retinue.—Commission of Patofa.—Splendors of the March.—Lost in the Wilderness.—Peril of the Army.—Friendly Relations.—The Escape from the Wilderness.—They Reach the Frontiers of Cofachiqui.—Dismissal of Patofa.—Wonderful Reception by the Princess of Cofachiqui.

220

CHAPTER XIV.

The Indian Princess.

Crossing the River.—Hospitable Reception.—Attempts to visit the Queen Mother.—Suicide of the Prince.—Futile search for Gold.—The Discovery of Pearls.—The Pearl Fishery.—The Princess a Captive.—Held in Silken Chains.—Her Escape.—Location of Cutifachiqui.—The March Resumed.

240

CHAPTER XV.

The Dreadful Battle of Mobila.

The Army in Alabama.—Barbaric Pageant.—The Chief of Tuscaloosa.—Native Dignity.—Suspected Treachery of the Chief.—Mobila, its Location and Importance.—Cunning of the Chief.—The Spaniards Attacked.—Incidents of the Battle.—Disastrous Results.

259

CHAPTER XVI.

Days of Darkness.

The Melancholy Encampment.—The Fleet at Pensacola.—Singular Resolve of De Soto.—Hostility of the Natives.—Beautiful Scenery.—Winter Quarters on the Yazoo.—Feigned Friendship of the Cacique.—Trickery of Juan Ortiz.—The Terrible Battle of Chickasaw.—Dreadful Loss of the Spaniards.

276

CHAPTER XVII.

The Discovery of the Mississippi.

The Fortress of Hostile Indians.—Its Capture.—The Disastrous Conflict.—The Advance of the Army.—Discovery of the Mississippi River.—Preparations for Crossing.—Extraordinary Pageants.—Unjustifiable Attack.—The passage of the River.—Friendly Reception by Casquin.—Extraordinary Religious Festival.

296

CHAPTER XVIII.

Vagrant Wanderings.

Trickery of Casquin.—The March to Capaha.—The Battle and its Results.—Friendly Relations with Capaha.—The Return Journey.—The March Southward.—Salt Springs.—The Savages of Tula.—Their Ferocity.—Anecdote.—Despondency of De Soto.

315

CHAPTER XIX.

Death of De Soto.

Ascent of the Mississippi.—Revenge of Guachoya.—Sickness of De Soto.—Affecting Leave-taking.—His Death and Burial.—The March for Mexico.—Return to the Mississippi.—Descent of the River.—Dispersion of the Expedition.—Death of Isabella.

334

III. ШЕВАЛЬЕ ДЕ ЛА САЛЬ

АМЕРИКАНСКИЕ ПИОНЕРЫ И ПАТРИОТЫ.

ПРИКЛЮЧЕНИЯ

ШЕВАЛЬЕ ДЕ ЛА САЛЯ

И ЕГО СПУТНИКОВ

ИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ ПРЕРИЙ, ЛЕСОВ, ОЗЕР И РЕК НОВОГО СВЕТА,

А ТАКЖЕ ИХ ВСТРЕЧАХ С ТУЗЕМНЫМИ ПЛЕМЕНАМИ ДВЕСТИ ЛЕТ НАЗАД.

Написано

ДЖОНОМ С. К. ЭББОТТОМ.

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ.

CHAPTER I.

The Enterprise of James Marquette.

Page

The Discovery of America. Explorations of the French in Canada. Ancestry of James Marquette. His noble Character. Mission to Canada. Adventures with the Indians. Wild Character of the Region and the Tribes. Voyage to Lake Superior with the Nez-Percés. Mission at Green Bay. Search for the Mississippi. The Outfit. The Voyage through Green Bay. Fox River and the Illinois. Enters the Mississippi. Scenes Sublime and Beautiful. Adventures in an Indian Village.

15

CHAPTER II.

The First Exploration of the Mississippi River.

River Scenery. The Missouri. Its Distant Banks. The Mosquito Pest. Meeting the Indians. Influence of the Calumet. The Arkansas River. A Friendly Greeting. Scenes in the Village. Civilization of the Southern Tribes. Domestic Habits. Fear of the Spaniards. The Return Voyage.

41

CHAPTER III.

Marquette's Last Voyage, and Death.

The Departure from Green Bay. Navigating the Lake in a Canoe. Storms of rain and snow. Night Encampments. Ascending the Chicago River. A Winter with the Savages. Journey to the Kankakee. The Great Council on the Prairie. Interesting Incidents. The Escort of Savages. The Death Scene. Sublime Funeral Solemnities.

61

CHAPTER IV.

Life upon the St. Lawrence and the Lakes Two Hundred Years Ago.

Birth of La Salle. His Parentage and Education. Emigrates to America. Enterprising Spirit. Grandeur of his Conceptions. Visits the Court of France. Preparations for an Exploring Voyage. Adventures of the River and Lake. Awful Scene of Indian Torture. Traffic with the Indians. The Ship-yard at Lake Erie.

81

CHAPTER V.

The Voyage Along the Lakes.

The Embarcation. Equipment of the Griffin. Voyage through the Lakes and Straits. The Storm. Superstition of the Voyagers. Arrival at Mackinac. Scenery there. Friendship of the Indians. Sail on Lakes Huron and Michigan. Arrival at Green Bay. The well-freighted Griffin sent back.

104

CHAPTER VI.

The Expedition of Father Hennepin.

Seeking a Northwest Passage. The Voyage Commenced. The Alarm. Delightful Scenery. The Indian Village. Entrance to the Mississippi. Appearance of the Country. The Midnight Storm. Silence and Solitude. A Fleet of Canoes. Captured by the Savages. Merciful Captivity. Alarming Debate. Condition of the Captives.

128

CHAPTER VII.

Life with the Savages.

Ascending the River with the Savages. Religious Worship. Abundance of Game. Hardihood of the Savages. The War-Whoop. Savage Revelry. The Falls of St. Anthony. Wild Country Beyond. Sufferings of the Captives. Capricious Treatment. Triumphal Entrance. The Adoption. Habits of the Savages.

145

CHAPTER VIII.

Escape from the Savages.

Preaching to the Indians. Studying the Language. The Council. Speech of Ou-si-cou-dè. The Baptism. The Night Encampment. Picturesque Scene. Excursion on the St. Francis. Wonderful River Voyage. Incidents by the Way. Characteristics of the Indians. Great Peril. Strange Encounter with the Indian Chief. Hardships of the Voyage. Vicissitudes of the Hunter's Life. Anecdote. The Return Voyage.

163

CHAPTER IX.

The Abandonment of Fort Crèvecœur.

Departure of La Salle. Fathers Membré and Gabriel. Their Missionary Labors. Character of the Savages. The Iroquois on the War Path. Peril of the Garrison. Heroism of Tonti and Membré. Infamous Conduct of the Young Savages. Flight of the Illinois. Fort Abandoned. Death of Father Gabriel. Sufferings of the Journey to Mackinac.

188

CHAPTER X.

La Salle's Second Exploring Tour.

Disasters. Energy of La Salle. The Embarcation. Navigating the Lakes. Sunshine and Storm, Beauty and Desolation. Ruins at Crèvecœur. Steps Retraced. Christian Character of La Salle. Arrival at Mackinac. The Enterprise Renewed. Travelling on the Ice. Descent of the Illinois River. Entering the Mississippi. Voyage of the Canoes. Adventures with the Indians.

210

CHAPTER XI.

The Great Enterprise Accomplished.

Scenes in the Arkansas Villages. Indian Hospitality. Barbarian Splendor. Attractive Scenery. The Alarm. Its Joyful Issue. Genial Character of La Salle. Erecting the Cross. Pleasant Visit to the Koroas. The Two Channels. Perilous Attack. Humanity of La Salle. The Sea Reached. Ceremonies of Annexation.

232

CHAPTER XII.

The Return Voyage.

The Numerous Alligators. Destitution of Provisions. Encountering Hostile Indians. A Naval Battle. Visit to the Village. Treachery of the Savages. The Attack. Humane Conduct of La Salle. Visit to the Friendly Taensas. Severe Sickness of La Salle. His Long Detention at Prudhomme. The Sick Man's Camp. Lieutenant Tonti sent Forward. Recovery of La Salle. His Arrival at Fort Miami.

249

CHAPTER XIII.

Sea Voyage to the Gulf of Mexico.

La Salle returns to Quebec. Sails for France. Assailed by Calumny. The Naval Expedition. Its Object. Its Equipment. Disagreement between La Salle and Beaujeu. The Voyage to the West Indies. Adventures in the Caribbean Sea. They Enter the Gulf. Storms and Calms. The Voyagers Lost.

268

CHAPTER XIV.

Lost in the Wilderness.

Treachery of Beaujeu. Accumulating Troubles. Anxieties of La Salle. March on the Land. The Encampment. Wreck of the Aimable. Misadventure with the Indians. Commencement of Hostilities. Desertion of Beaujeu with the Joli. The Encampment. The Indians Solicit Friendship. The Cruel Repulse. Sickness and Sorrow. Exploring Expeditions. The Mississippi sought for in vain.

290

CHAPTER XV.

A Trip toward Mexico.

Arrangements for the Journey. The Departure. Indians on Horseback. Scenes of Enchantment. Attractive Character of La Salle. Visit to the Kironas. The Bite of the Snake. Adventures Wild and Perilous. Hardihood of the Indian Hunter. The Long Sickness. A Man Devoured by a Crocodile. The Return.

311

CHAPTER XVI.

The Last Days of La Salle.

Plan for the New Journey. Magnitude of the Enterprise. Affecting Leave-taking. The Journey Commenced. Adventures by the Way. Friendly Character of the Indians. Vast Realms of Fertility and Beauty. The Joys and the Sorrows of such a Pilgrimage. The Assassination of La Salle and of three of his Companions.

326

CHAPTER XVII.

The Penalty of Crime.

Nature's Storms. The Gloom of the Soul. Approach to the Cenis Village. Cordial Welcome. Barbaric Ceremonials. Social Habits of the Indians. Meeting with the French Deserters. Traffic with the Indians. Quarrel between Hiens and Duhaut. The Assassins Assassinated. Departure of the War Party. Fiend-like Triumph. The March Resumed.

316

CHAPTER XVIII.

The Close of the Drama.

Ludicrous Scene. Death of M. Marle. Sympathy of the Savages. Barbaric Ceremonies. The Mississippi Reached. Joyful Interview. Ascending the River. Incidents by the Way. The Beautiful Illinois. Weary Detention. The Voyage to Mackinac. Thence to Quebec. Departure for France. Fate of the Colony.

366

IV. МАЙЛЗ СТЭНДИШ

МАЙЛЗ СТЭНДИШ

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ.

CHAPTER I.

Page

Elizabeth's Act of Uniformity.-Oppressive Enactments.-King James and his Measures.-Persecution of the Non-Conformists.-Plans for Emigration.-The Unavailing Attempt.-The Disaster near Hull.-Cruel Treatment of the Captives.-The Exiles at Amsterdam.-Removal to Leyden.-Decision to Emigrate to America.-The reasons.-Elder Brewster Selected as Pastor.-The Departure from Leyden.-Scene at Delft Haven.-The Embarkation.

9

CHAPTER II.

The Departure from Southampton.-Hindrances.-Delay at Dartmouth and Plymouth.-Abandonment of the Speedwell.-Sketch of Miles Standish.-Death at Sea.-Perils and Threatened Mutiny.-Narrow Escape of John Howland.-Arrival at Cape Cod.-Testimony of Governor Bradford.-The Civil Contract.-John Carver Chosen Governor.-The First Exploring Tour.-The Sabbath.

30

CHAPTER III.

Repairing the Shallop.-The Second Exploring Tour.-Interesting Discoveries.-Return to the Ship.-A Week of Labor.-The Third Exploring Tour.-More Corn Found.-Perplexity of the Pilgrims.-The Fourth Expedition.-The First Encounter.-Heroism of the Pilgrims.-Night of Tempest and Peril.-A Lee Shore Found.-Sabbath on the Island.

44

CHAPTER IV.

The Voyage Resumed.-Enter an Unknown Harbor.-Aspect of the Land.-Choose it for their Settlement.-The Mayflower Enters the Harbor.-Sabbath on Shipboard.-Exploring the Region.-The Storm and Exposure.-The Landing.-View from the Hill.-Arduous Labors.-The Alarm.-Arrangement of the Village.-The Evident Hostility of the Indians.-Gloomy Prospects.-Expedition of Captain Standish.-Billington Sea.-Lost in the Woods.-Adventures of the Lost men.-The Alarm of Fire.

71

CHAPTER V.

Days of Sunshine and Storm.-Ravages of Pestilence.-A Raging Storm.-New Alarm of Fire.-Twelve Indians Seen.-Two Indians Appear on the Hill.-Great Alarm in the Settlement.-Measures of Defense.-More Sunny Days.-Humanity and Self-Denial of Miles Standish and Others.-Conduct of the Ship's Crew.-Excursion to Billington Sea.-The Visit of Samoset.-Treachery of Captain Hunt.-The Shipwrecked Frenchmen.-The Plague.-The Wampanoags.-More Indian Visitors.-Bad Conduct of the Billingtons.

92

CHAPTER VI.

Two Savages on the Hill.-The Return of Samoset with Squantum.-The Story of Squantum.-The Visit of Massasoit and His Warriors.-Etiquette of the Barbarian and Pilgrim Courts.-The Treaty.-Return of the Mayflower to England.-A View of Plymouth.-Brighter Days.-Visit of Messrs. Winslow and Hopkins to the Seat of Massasoit.-Incidents of the Journey.

117

CHAPTER VII.

The Lost Boy.-The Expedition to Nauset.-Interesting Adventures.-The Mother of the Kidnapped Indians.-Tyanough.-Payment for the Corn.-Aspinet, the Chief.-The Boy Recovered.-Alarming Intelligence.-Hostility of Corbitant.-The Friendship of Hobbomak.-Heroic Achievement of Miles Standish.-The Midnight Attack.-Picturesque Spectacle.-Results of the Adventure.-Visit to Massachusetts.-The Squaw Sachem.-An Indian Fort.-Charming Country.-Glowing Reports.

145

CHAPTER VIII.

Arrival of the Fortune.-Object of the Pilgrims in their Emigration.-Character of the New-Comers.-Mr. Winslow's Letter.-The First Thanksgiving.-Advice to Emigrants.-Christmas Anecdote.-Alarming Rumor.-The Narragansets.-Curious Declaration of War.-The Defiance.-Fortifying the Village.-The Meeting in Council and the Result.-The Alarm.-The Shallop Recalled.

164

CHAPTER IX.

The Double-Dealing of Squantum.-False Alarm.-Voyage to Massachusetts.-Massasoit Demands Squantum.-The Arrival of the Boat.-The Virginia Massacre.-Preparations for Defense.-Arrival of the Charity and the Swan.-Vile Character of the Weymouth Colonists.-Arrival of the Discovery.-Starvation at Weymouth.-Danger of the Plymouth Colony.-Expeditions for Food.-Death of Squantum.-Voyage to Massachusetts and the Cape.

187

CHAPTER X.

Search for Corn.-Trip to Buzzard's Bay.-Interesting Incident.-Energy and Sagacity of Captain Standish.-Hostile Indications.-Insolence of Witeewamat.-The Plot Defeated.-Sickness of Massasoit.-The Visit.-Gratitude of the Chief.-Visit to Corbitant.-Condition of the Weymouth Colony.-The Widespread Coalition.-Military Expedition of Captain Standish.-His Heroic Adventures.-End of the Weymouth Colony.

209

CHAPTER XI.

Letter from Rev. Mr. Robinson.-Defense of Captain Standish.-New Policy Introduced.-Great Destitution.-Day of Fasting and Prayer.-Answer to Prayer.-The First Thanksgiving.-The Colony at Weymouth.-Worthless Character of the Colonists.-Neat Cattle from England.-Captain Standish Sent to England.-Captain Wollaston and His Colony.-Heroism of Captain Standish.-Morton Vanquished.-Difficulty at Cape Ann.-Increasing Emigration.-The Division of Property.

232

CHAPTER XII.

The Virginia Emigrants.-Humanity and Enterprise of the Governor.-Envoy Sent to England.-Trading-Posts on the Kennebec and Penobscot Rivers.-Capture by the French.-The Massachusetts Colony.-Its Numbers and Distinguished Characters.-Trade with the Indians.-Wampum the New Currency.-Trading-Post at Sandwich.-Sir Christopher Gardener.-Captain Standish Moves to Duxbury.-Lament of Governor Bradford.

257

CHAPTER XIII.

Removal to Duxbury.-Intercourse with the Dutch.-Trading-Posts on the Connecticut.-Legend of the Courtship of Miles Standish.-Personal Appearance of the Captain.-Proposition to John Alden.-His Anguish and Fidelity.-Interview with Priscilla.-The Indian Alarm.-Departure of Captain Standish.-Report of his Death.-The Wedding.

281

CHAPTER XIV.

Menace of the Narragansets.-Roger Williams.-Difficulty on the Kennebec.-Bradford's Narrative.-Captain Standish as Mediator.-The French on the Penobscot.-Endeavors to Regain the Lost Port.-Settlements on the Connecticut River.-Mortality Among the Indians.-Hostility of the Pequots.-Efforts to Avert War.-The Pequot Forts.-Death of Elder Brewster.-His Character.

301

CHAPTER XV.

Friendship Between Captain Standish and Mr. Brewster.-Character of Mr. Brewster.-His Death and Burial.-Mode of Worship.-Captain's Hill.-Difficulty with the Narragansets.-Firmness and Conciliation.-Terms of Peace.-Plans for Removal from Plymouth.-Captain Standish's Home in Duxbury.-Present Aspect of the Region.

332

CHAPTER XVI.

The Will of Captain Standish.-His Second Wife.-Captain's Hill.-The Monument.-Letters from President Grant and General Hooker.-Oration by General Horace Binney Sargent.-Sketch of his Life.-Other Speakers.-Laying the Corner Stone.-Description of the Shaft.

358

V. КАПИТАН УИЛЬЯМ КИДД

КАПИТАН УИЛЬЯМ КИДД И ДРУГИЕ БУКАНЬЕРЫ

ДЖОН С. К. ЭББОТТ

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

PAGE

CHAPTER I. Origin of the Buccaneers.

Renown of Captain Kidd.—Wild Legends.—Demands of Spain.—Opposition of the Maritime Powers.—The Rise of the Buccaneers.—The Pirates' Code.—Remonstrance of Spain.—Reply of France and England.—Confession of a Buccaneer.—Adventures of Peter the Great.

9

CHAPTER II. William Kidd becomes a Pirate.

Ravages of the Pirates.—The King's Interview with Earl Bellomont.—William Kidd, the New-York Merchant.—His Commission.—Sailing of the Adventure.—Recruiting in New York.—Circuitous Trip to Madagascar.—Perils and Sufferings.—Madagascar the Pirates' Home.—Murmurings of the Crew.—Kidd reluctantly turns Pirate.—His Repulses, and his Captures.

29

CHAPTER III. Piratic Adventures.

Audacity of Kidd.—Fate of the November.—Kidd kills William Moore.—The Renowned Ballad.—Kidd's Compunctions.—Kidd at Madagascar.—Piratic Carousals.—The Artificial Hell.—Kidd's Return to the West Indies.—Exaggerated Reports of Avery.—His wretched Career and wretched End.

51

CHAPTER IV. Arrest, Trial, and Condemnation of Kidd.

Appalling Tidings.—Trip to Curacoa.—Disposal of the Quedagh Merchant.—Purchase of the Antonio.—Trembling Approach toward New York.—Measures for the Arrest of Kidd.—He enters Delaware Bay.—Touches at Oyster Bay and Block Island.—Communications with the Government.—Sails for Boston.—His Arrest.—Long Delays.—Public Rumors.—His Trial and Condemnation.

75

CHAPTER V. Kidd, and Stede Bonnet.

The Guilt of Kidd.—Rumors of Buried Treasure.—Mesmeric Revelation.—Adventures of Bradish.—Strange Character of Major Bonnet.—His Piracies.—Encounters.—Indications of Insanity.—No Temptation to Turn Pirate.—Blackbeard.—Bonnet Deposed.

98

CHAPTER VI. The Adventures of Edward Teach, or Blackbeard.

Seizure of the Protestant Cæsar.—The Piratic Squadron.—Villany of the Buccaneers.—The Atrocities of Blackbeard.—Illustrative Anecdotes.—Carousals on Shore.—Alleged Complicity with the Governor.—Hiding-place near Ocracoke Inlet.—Arrangements for his Capture.—Boats sent from two Men-of-War.—Bloody Battle.—The Death of the Pirate.—His Desperate and Demoniac Character.

110

CHAPTER VII. The Close of Stede Bonnet's Career.

Bonnet's Abandonment by Blackbeard.—Avails Himself of the King's Pardon.—Takes Commission as a Privateer.—Rescues Blackbeard's Pirates.—Piratic Career.—Enters Cape Fear River for Repairs.—Captured by Colonel Rhet.—The Conflict.—Escapes from Prison.—The Pursuit, and Trial and Sentence.

125

CHAPTER VIII. The Portuguese Barthelemy.

Commencement of his Career.—Bold Capture.—Brutality of the Pirates.—Reverses and Captivity.—Barthelemy doomed to Die.—His Escape.—Sufferings in the Forest.—Reaches Gulf Triste.—Hardening Effect of his Misfortunes.—His new Piratic Enterprise.—Wonderful Success.—The Tornado.—Impoverishment and Ruin.

139

CHAPTER IX. Francis Lolonois.

Early Life of Lolonois.—His Desperate Character.—Joins the Buccaneers.—His Fiend-like Cruelty.—The Desperadoes Rally around Him.—Equips a Fleet.—Captures Rich Prizes.—Plans the Sack of Maracaibo.—The Adventurous Voyage.—Description of Venezuela.—Atrocities at Maracaibo and Gibraltar.—Doom of the Victors.

151

CHAPTER X. The Plunder; the Carousal; and the New Enterprise.

Gibraltar in Ashes.—The Return to Maracaibo.—Division of the Plunder.—Peculiar Scene.—Reception of the Pirates at Tortuga.—Fiend-like Carousal.—The Pirates Reduced to Beggary.—Lolonois's New Enterprise.—The "Furious Calm."—Days of Disaster.—Ravaging the Coast.—Capture of San Pedro.

170

CHAPTER XI. The End of Lolonois's Career.

The Pirates' Perfidy.—Capture of a Spanish Ship.—Misery of the Pirates.—Desertion of Vauclin.—The Shipwreck.—Life upon the Island.—Expedition to Nicaragua.—Its utter Failure.—Ferocity of the Indians.—Exploring the River.—The Retreat.—Coasting to Darien.—Capture and Death of Lolonois.—Fate of the Remnants.

186

CHAPTER XII. The Female Pirate, Mary Read.

Testimony of Charles Johnson.—Marriage of Mary Read's Mother.—Singular Adventure.—Reasons for Disguising her Daughter.—Early Training of Mary as a Boy.—She Enlists on board a Man-of-War.—The Character she Developed.—Enters the Army.—Skill and Bravery.—Falls in Love with a Fleming.—Reveals her Sex.—The Marriage.—Happy Days.—Death of her Husband.—Adversity.—Resumes Male Attire.

201

CHAPTER XIII. Anne Bonny, the Female Pirate.

Rackam the Pirate.—Anne Bonny his Wife.—Her Reasons for Assuming a Boy's Dress.—Infamous Character of Rackam.—Anne falls in Love with Mary.—Curious Complications.—The Duel.—Chivalry of Frank.—The Capture.—The Trial.—Testimony of the Artist.—Death of Mary Read.—Rackam Dies on the Scaffold.

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CHAPTER XIV. Sir Henry Morgan.

His Origin.—Goes to the West Indies.—Joins the Buccaneers.—Meets Mansvelt the Pirate.—Conquest of St. Catharine.—Piratic Colony there.—Ravaging the Coast of Costa Rica.—Sympathy of the Governor of Jamaica.—Death of Mansvelt.—Expedition of Don John.—The Island Recaptured by the Spaniards.—Plans of Morgan.—His Fleet.—The Sack of Puerto Principe.—Horrible Atrocities.—Retreat of the Pirates.—The Duel.—They Sail for Puerto Velo.—Conquest of the City.—Heroism of the Governor.

225

CHAPTER XV. The Capture of Puerto Velo, and its Results.

The Torture.—Sickness and Misery.—Measures of the Governor of Panama.—The Ambuscade.—Awful Defeat of the Spaniards.—Ferocity of the Pirates.—Strange Correspondence.—Exchange of Courtesies.—Return to Cuba, and Division of the Spoil.—Wild Orgies at Jamaica.—Complicity of the British Government with the Pirates.—The New Enterprise.—Arrival of the Oxford.—Destruction of the Cerf Volant.—Rendezvous at Samona.

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CHAPTER XVI. The Expedition to Maracaibo.

The Delay at Ocoa.—Hunting Excursions.—The Repulse.—Cities of Venezuela.—The Plan of Morgan.—Suggestions of Pierre Picard.—Sailing of the Expedition.—They Touch at Oruba.—Traverse Venezuela.—Enter Lake Maracaibo.—Capture of the Fort.—The City Abandoned.—Atrocities of the Pirates.

260

CHAPTER XVII. Adventures on the Shores of Lake Maracaibo.

Preparations for the Defence of Gibraltar.—The Hidden Ships.—The Hiding-place of the Governor and the Women.—Disaster and Failure.—Capture of the Spanish Ships.—The Retreat Commenced.—Peril of the Pirates.—Singular Correspondence.—Strength of the Spanish Armament.—The Public Conference of the Pirates.—The Naval Battle.—The Fire-Ship.—Wonderful Achievement of the Pirates.

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CHAPTER XVIII. A New Expedition Planned.

The Threat to Espinosa.—Adroit Stratagem.—Wonderful Escape.—The Storm.—Revelry at Jamaica.—History of Hispaniola.—Plan of a New Expedition.—The Foraging Ships.—Morgan's Administrative Energies.—Return of the Foragers.—Rendezvous at Cape Tiburon.—Magnitude and Armament of the Fleet.—Preparations to Sail.

290

CHAPTER XIX. Capture of St. Catherine and Chagres.

The Defences at St. Catherine.—Morgan's Strategy.—The Midnight Storm.—Deplorable Condition of the Pirates.—The Summons to Surrender.—Disgraceful Conduct of the Spanish Commander.—The Advance to Chagres.—Incidents of the Battle.—The Unexpected Victory.—Measures of Morgan.

305

CHAPTER XX. The March from Chagres to Panama.

Preparations to Ascend the River.—Crowding of the Boats.—The Bivouac at Bracos.—Sufferings from Hunger.—The Pathless Route.—The Boats Abandoned.—Light Canoes Employed.—Abandoned Ambuscades.—Painful Marches, Day by Day.—The Feast on Leathern Bags.—Murmurs and Contentions.—The Indians Encountered.—Struggling through the Forest.—The Conflagration at Santa Cruz.—Battle and Skirmishes.—First Sight of Panama.—Descent into the Plain.—Feasting.

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CHAPTER XXI. The Capture of Panama.

First Sight of the City.—The Spanish Scouts Appear.—Morgan's Advance.—Character of the Country.—Fears of the Spaniards.—Removal of Treasure.—Capture of the City.—The Poisoned Wine.—Magnificent Scenery of the Bay.—Description of Panama and its Surroundings.—Wealth of the City.—Scenes of Crime and Cruelty.

335

CHAPTER XXII. The Return from Panama.

Return of the Explorers.—The Beautiful Captive.—Sympathy in her behalf.—Embarrassments of Morgan.—Inflexible Virtue of the Captive.—The Conspiracy.—Efficiency of Morgan.—His Obduracy.—The Search of the Pirates.—The Return March.—Morgan Cheats the Pirates.—Runs Away.

349

CHAPTER XXIII. Montbar the Fanatic.

Partial Solution of a Mystery.—Montbar's Birth.—His Education and Delusions.—Anecdote of the Dramatic Performance.—Montbar Runs Away from Home.—Enters the Navy.—His Ferocious Exploits.—Joins the Buccaneers.—Desperate Battles on the Land and on the Sea.—His Final Disappearance.

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VI. ПИТЕР СТЁЙВЕСАНТ

ПИТЕР СТЁЙВЕСАНТ, ПОСЛЕДНИЙ НИДЕРЛАНДСКИЙ ГУБЕРНАТОР НОВОГО АМСТЕРДАМА

Джон С. К. Эбботт

CONTENTS

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

ПОДРОБНОЕ ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ.

ПИТЕР СТЁЙВЕСАНТ.

ГЛАВА I. — ОТКРЫТИЕ РЕКИ ГУДЗОН.

ГЛАВА II. — ХОД ОТКРЫТИЙ.

ГЛАВА III. — НАЧАЛО КОЛОНИЗАЦИИ.

ГЛАВА IV. — УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ВАН ТВИЛЛЕРА.

ГЛАВА V. — ВОЙНА И ЕЕ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ.

ГЛАВА VI. — ГУБЕРНАТОР СТЁЙВЕСАНТ.

ГЛАВА VII. — ВОЙНА МЕЖДУ АНГЛИЕЙ И НИДЕРЛАНДАМИ.

ГЛАВА VIII. — ЕЩЕ ОДНА ИНДЕЙСКАЯ ВОЙНА.

ГЛАВА IX. — ЭНЕРГИЧНОЕ ПРАВЛЕНИЕ.

ГЛАВА X. — ВОЙНА С ЭЗОПУСАМИ.

ГЛАВА XI. — БЕДСТВЕННЫЙ ГОД.

ГЛАВА XII. — ПОСЯГАТЕЛЬСТВА АНГЛИЧАН.

ГЛАВА XIII. — НАЧАЛО ВРАЖДЕБНЫХ МЕР.

ГЛАВА XIV. — ВЗЯТИЕ НОВОГО АМСТЕРДАМА.

ГЛАВА XV. — ОКОНЧАТЕЛЬНАЯ КАПИТУЛЯЦИЯ.

ГЛАВА XVI. — СТАРИННЫЕ ВРЕМЕНА.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ:

ПОДРОБНОЕ ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

ГЛАВА I. — ОТКРЫТИЕ РЕКИ ГУДЗОН.

Открытие Америки. Колонии. Нью-Йоркская бухта. Описание бухты. Путешествие сэра Генри Гудзона. Открытие Делавэра. Туземцы. Нападение на лодку. Подъем по Гудзону. Побег пленников. Одурманивание вождей. Возвращение. Селение у Каслтона. Кража и наказание за нее. Возвращение в Англию.

ГЛАВА II. — ХОД ОТКРЫТИЙ.

Ценность открытой территории. Судьба Гудзона. Заговор. Облик острова Манхэттен. Тропа, превратившаяся в Бродвей. Зарождение торговли. Торговля пушниной. Визит английского военного корабля. Исследование пролива. Новый стимул для коммерческого предприятия. Возведение фортов. Характер торговли пушниной.

ГЛАВА III. — НАЧАЛО КОЛОНИЗАЦИИ.

Пуритане. Петиция Генеральным штатам. Разногласия между англичанами и голландцами. Колония на Делавэре. Покупка Манхэттена. Первое поселение. Индеец ограблен и убит. Описание острова. Дипломатические сношения. Свидетельство де Расьера. Патроны. Катастрофа у СвааНендала.

ГЛАВА IV. — УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ВАН ТВИЛЛЕРА.

Восстановление дружественных отношений. Ваутер ван Твиллер — новый директор. Капитан Элкинс. Протест де Вриса. Притязания на Коннектикут. Плимутская экспедиция. Убийство гребцов. Состояние колонии в 1633 году. Эмиграция в Коннектикут. Эмигранты из Голландии. Красные скалы. Основание колонии Нью-Хейвен. Естественное. Индейский протест против налогообложения. Насилие над индейцами раритан. Месть индейцев.

ГЛАВА V. — ВОЙНА И ЕЕ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ.

Приближение враждебных действий. Благородный протест. Резня туземцев. Буря войны. Благородное поведение де Вриса. Унижение Кифта. Масштабное опустошение. Царство террора. Положение дел у форта Нассау. Резня в Стэмфорде. Петиция олдерменов. Кифта сменяет Питер Стёйвесант.

ГЛАВА VI. — ГУБЕРНАТОР СТЁЙВЕСАНТ.

Новые Нидерланды в 1646 году. Ранние годы Питера Стёйвесанта. Упадок Нового Амстердама. Зачатки представительного правления. Энергичное управление. Смерть губернатора Уинтропа. Притязания на Лонг-Айленд. Высокомерие губернатора. Протест Девяти мужей. Пасторское служение. Границы. Растущее недовольство. Раскол партий. Диктаторские меры.

ГЛАВА VII. — ВОЙНА МЕЖДУ АНГЛИЕЙ И НИДЕРЛАНДАМИ.

Действия патронов. Поселения на Гудзоне. Тревога метрополии. Отзыв Стёйвесанта. Его спасение от унижения. Затруднения между Англией и Голландией. Вспышка войны. Указания Стёйвесанту. Отношения между колониями. Обвинения против голландского губернатора. Их опровержение. Усилия Стёйвесанта ради мира. Благородное поведение правительства Массачусетса. Сторонники войны.

ГЛАВА VIII. — ЕЩЕ ОДНА ИНДЕЙСКАЯ ВОЙНА.

Конфликт между губернатором и горожанами. Энергичность губернатора. Его оборонительные меры. Действия английской колонии. Притязания правительства Швеции. Форт Казимир захвачен шведами. Возмездие. Меры по отвоеванию форта Казимир. Убийство скво. Его последствия. Выкуп пленников. Жалобы шведского губернатора. Экспедиция из Швеции. Ее судьба.

ГЛАВА IX. — ЭНЕРГИЧНОЕ ПРАВЛЕНИЕ.

Новый Амстердам в 1656 году. Религиозная нетерпимость. Преследование вальденсов. Новая колония на Саут-Ривер. Крушение «Принца Морица». Дружественные индейцы. Энергичные действия губернатора. Преследование квакеров. Протест из Флашинга. Опустошение Статен-Айленда. Покупка Бергена. Дела в Эзопусе. Индейский совет. Великодушие индейцев. Нью-Амстел. Посягательства англичан.

ГЛАВА X. — ВОЙНА С ЭЗОПУСАМИ.

Насилие в Эзопусе. Новая индейская война. Ее опустошения. Страдания обеих сторон. Поразительная энергия губернатора. Трудности его положения. Перемирие. Возобновление войны. Мохоки. Спор с Массачусетсом. Индейские усилия во имя мира. Окончательное урегулирование. Притязания англичан на Делавэр. Возобновление преследований квакеров.

ГЛАВА XI. — БЕДСТВЕННЫЙ ГОД.

Покупка Статен-Айленда. Реставрация Карла Второго. Призыв к эмиграции. Основание Бушвика. Особый народ. Преследование Джона Брауна. Выговор губернатору. Накопление бедствий. Вспышка в Эзопусе. Паника. Меры губернатора. Индейский форт. Экспедиция в Мамакет. Взятие форта. Уничтожение эзопуских индейцев.

ГЛАВА XII. — ПОСЯГАТЕЛЬСТВА АНГЛИЧАН.

Уничтожение племени эзопусов. Пограничный вопрос. Неприятности на Лонг-Айленде. Голландские и английские селения. Петиция англичан. Затруднения губернатора Стёйвесанта. Посольство в Хартфорд. Отпор. Угроза Новым Нидерландам. Мемориал на родину. Новая вспышка на Лонг-Айленде. Джон Скотт и его жесткие меры. Укрепление фортификаций.

ГЛАВА XIII. — НАЧАЛО ВРАЖДЕБНЫХ МЕР.

Джон Скотт и его действия. Убытки голландцев. Первая Генеральная ассамблея. Действия правительства метрополии. Мир с индейцами. Арест Джона Скотта. Визит губернатора Уинтропа на Лонг-Айленд. Отплытие флота. Подготовка к войне. Фальшивые депеши. Прибытие флота. Требование капитуляции.

ГЛАВА XIV. — ВЗЯТИЕ НОВОГО АМСТЕРДАМА.

Приближение флота. Несправедливое осуждение губернатора. Парламентер с белым флагом. Надменный ответ. Протест. Беззащитный город. Капитуляция. Экспедиция на Делавэр. Разорение и грабеж. Смена названия. Свидетельство о голландском правлении. Смерть губернатора. Его ферма, или бауэри. Война между Голландией и Англией. Нью-Йорк под угрозой со стороны голландцев.

ГЛАВА XV. — ОКОНЧАТЕЛЬНАЯ КАПИТУЛЯЦИЯ.

Ультиматум. Бомбардировка. Высадка сухопутных сил. Нерешительность капитана Мэннинга. Капитуляция. Краткое правление голландцев. Общественные обычаи. Чаепитие. Свидетельства путешественников. Визит на Лонг-Айленд. Плодородие края. Исследование острова Манхэттен.

ГЛАВА XVI. — СТАРИННЫЕ ВРЕМЕНА.

Богатство и знатность старинных родов. Их обширные земельные владения. Различия в одежде. Благоговение перед патроном. Особняк Кипа. Дни Революции. Журнал мистера Джона Адамса. Негроторговля. Последствия системы. Всеобщая паника.

VII. БЕНДЖАМИН ФРАНКЛИН

АМЕРИКАНСКИЕ ПИОНЕРЫ И ПАТРИОТЫ.

Бенджамин Франклин.

КАРТИНА БОРЬБЫ

НАШЕЙ ЮНОЙ НАЦИИ

СТО ЛЕТ НАЗАД.

АВТОР:

ДЖОН С. К. ЭББОТТ.

«Пиши меня таким, каков я есть». — Кромвель.

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ.

CHAPTER I.

Parentage and Early Life.

PAGE

The parentage of Franklin—His parents emigrate to America—Character of his father—Abiah Folger, his mother—Birth and baptism—Influence of his Uncle Strong—Of the Whistle—Childish exploits—Uncongenial employment—Skill in swimming—Early reading—Boston at that time—An indentured apprentice—Form of Indenture—Enters a printing office—Fondness for reading—Anecdotes—Habits of study—Fondness for argument—Adopts a vegetable diet—The two creeds.

11

CHAPTER II.

Developments of Character.

Views of the Sabbath—Writings of Collins and Shaftsbury—The creed of Collins—Franklin at sixteen—The Courant—Denunciations of the paper—Franklin’s mode of acquiring the art of composition—His success as a writer—The Editor prosecuted—Benjamin becomes Editor and Publisher—Jealousy of his brother—The runaway apprentice—The voyage to New York—Great disappointment—Eventful Journey to Philadelphia—Gloomy prospects—The dawn of brighter days.

31

CHAPTER III.

Excursion to England.

Attention to dress—Receives a visit from Gov. Keith—His visit to Boston—Collins returns to Philadelphia with him—Sir William Keith’s aid—Excursions on the Sabbath—Difficulty with Collins—Spending Mr. Vernon’s money—His three friends—Engagement with Deborah Read—Voyage to England—Keith’s deceit—Ralph—Franklin enters a printing house in London.

52

CHAPTER IV.

Mental and Moral Conflicts.

Faithfulness to work—Neglect of Deborah Read—Treatise on Liberty and Necessity—Skill in swimming—Return to America—Marriage of Miss Read—Severe sickness—Death of Mr. Denham—Returns to Keimer’s employ—The Junto—His Epitaph—Reformation of his treatise on Liberty and Necessity—Franklin’s creed.

75

CHAPTER V.

The Dawn of Prosperity.

Franklin takes a house—His first job—His industry—Plans a Newspaper—Enters the list as a writer—Advocates a Paper currency—Purchases Keimer’s paper—Character of Meredith—Struggles of the firm—Unexpected assistance—Dissolves partnership with Meredith—Franklin’s energetic conduct—His courtship, and marriage—Character of Mrs. Franklin—Increase of luxury—Plans for a library—Prosperity of Pennsylvania—Customs in Philadelphia—Style of dress in 1726—Franklin’s social position in Philadelphia—His success—A hard student.

101

CHAPTER VI.

Religious and Philosophic Views.

Studious habits—New religion—Personal habits—Church of the Free and Easy—His many accomplishments—The career of Hemphall—Birth and Death of Franklin’s son—The Ministry of Whitefield—Remarkable friendship between the philosopher and the preacher—Prosperity of Franklin—His convivial habits—The defense of Philadelphia—Birth of a daughter—The Philadelphia Academy.

126

CHAPTER VII.

The Tradesman becomes a Philosopher.

Franklin appointed Indian commissioner—Effects of Rum—Indian logic—Accumulating honors—Benevolent enterprises—Franklin’s counsel to Tennent—Efforts for city improvement—Anecdotes—Franklin appointed postmaster—Rumors of War—England enlists the Six Nations in her cause—Franklin plans a Confederacy of States—Plans rejected—Electrical experiments—Franklin’s increase of income—Fearful experiments—The kite—New honors—Views of the French philosopher—Franklin’s Religious views—His counsel to a young pleader—Post-office Reforms.

147

CHAPTER VIII.

The Rising Storms of War.

Aristocracy—Anecdote—Conflicting laws of Nations—Franklin’s scheme of colonization—Proposal of the British Court—The foresight of Franklin—Braddock’s campaign—Remonstrances of Franklin and Washington—Franklin’s interviews with Braddock—Franklin’s efficiency—Confidence of Braddock—The conflict with the Proprietaries—The non-resistant Quakers—Fate of the Moravian villages—The winter campaign—The camp of Gaudenhutton—Anecdote—Renewal of the strife with the Proprietaries—Franklin recalled to assist the Assembly—Destruction of the Fort—Claim of the Proprietaries—The great controversy.

168

CHAPTER IX.

Franklin’s Mission to England.

New marks of respect—Lord Loudoun—Gov. Denny and Franklin—Visit the Indians—Franklin commissioner to England—His constant good nature—Loudoun’s delays—Wise action of an English captain—The voyagers land at Falmouth—Journey to London—Franklin’s style of living in London—His electrical experiments—He teaches the Cambridge professor—Complimentary action of St. Andrews—Gov. Denny displaced, and dark clouds arising—Franklin’s successful diplomacy—His son appointed Governor of New Jersey—Great opposition—The homeward voyage—Savage horrors—Retaliating cruelties—Franklin’s efforts in behalf of the Moravian Indians.

190

CHAPTER X.

Franklin’s Second Mission to England.

Fiendish conduct of John Penn—Petition to the crown—Debt of England—Two causes of conflict—Franklin sent to England—His embarkation—Wise counsel to his daughter—The stamp act—American resolves—Edmund Burke—Examination of Franklin—Words of Lord Chatham—Dangers to English operatives—Repeal of the stamp act—Joy in America—Ross Mackay—New taxes levied—Character of George III—Accumulation of honors to Franklin—Warlike preparations—Human conscientiousness—Unpopularity of William Franklin—Marriage of Sarah Franklin—Franklin’s varied investigations—Efforts to civilize the Sandwich Islands.

215

CHAPTER XI.

The Intolerance of King and Court.

Parties in England—Franklin the favorite of the opposition—Plans of the Tories—Christian III—Letter of Franklin—Dr. Priestley—Parisian courtesy—Louis XV—Visit to Ireland—Attempted alteration of the Prayer Book—Letter to his son—Astounding letters from America—Words of John Adams—Petition of the Assembly—Violent conspiracy against Franklin—His bearing in the court-room—Wedderburn’s infamous charges—Letter of Franklin—Bitter words of Dr. Johnson—Morals of English lords—Commercial value of the Colonies—Dangers threatening Franklin.

240

CHAPTER XII.

The Bloodhounds of War Unleashed.

The mission of Josiah Quincy—Love of England by the Americans—Petition to the king—Sickness and death of Mrs. Franklin—Lord Chatham—His speech in favor of the colonists—Lord Howe—His interview with Franklin—Firmness of Franklin—His indignation—His mirth—Franklin’s fable—He embarks for Philadelphia—Feeble condition of the colonies—England’s expressions of contempt—Franklin’s reception at Philadelphia—His letter to Edmund Burke—Post-office arrangements—Defection and conduct of William Franklin—His arrest.

265

CHAPTER XIII.

Progress of the War, both of Diplomacy and the Sword.

Letter of Henry Laurens—Franklin visits the army before Boston—Letter of Mrs. Adams—Burning of Falmouth—Franklin’s journey to Montreal—The Declaration of Independence—Anecdote of the Hatter—Framing the Constitution—Lord Howe’s Declaration—Franklin’s reply—The Conference—Encouraging letter from France—Franklin’s embassy to France—The two parties in France—The voyage—The reception in France.

292

CHAPTER XIV.

The Struggles of Diplomacy.

Anecdote of Gibbon—John Adams—Residence at Passy—Lafayette introduced—Cruise of the Reprisal—Paul Jones—Capture of Burgoyne—Alliance with France—Anecdote of the Cake—Excitement in England—Franklin’s introduction to the king—Joy in America—Extraordinary letter of Count Wissenstein—The reply—Injustice to Paul Jones—French troops in America—Character of John Adams—Franklin’s mature views of human nature—Anecdote of the Angel—Capture of Cornwallis—Its effect in England—Prejudices of Mr. Jay—Testimony of Dr. Sparks—Jealousy of Franklin—Shrewd diplomatic act—The treaty signed.

322

CHAPTER XV.

Life’s Closing Scenes.

Advice to Thomas Paine—Scenes at Passy—Journey to the Coast—Return to America—Elected Governor of Pennsylvania—Attends the Constitutional Convention—Proposes prayers—Remarkable speech—Letter to Dr. Stiles—Christ on the Cross—Last sickness and death.

356

VIII. ДЖОРДЖ ВАШИНГТОН

АМЕРИКАНСКИЕ ПИОНЕРЫ И ПАТРИОТЫ.

Джордж Вашингтон; ИЛИ, Жизнь в Америке сто лет назад.

ДЖОН С. К. ЭББОТТ.

CONTENTS

PAGE

PREFACE.

3

CHAPTER I.

The Youth of George Washington.

9

CHAPTER II.

The First Military Expedition.

44

CHAPTER III.

The French War.

78

CHAPTER IV.

The Warrior, the Statesman, and the Planter.

108

CHAPTER V.

The Gathering Storm of War.

138

CHAPTER VI.

The Conflict Commenced.

170

CHAPTER VII.

Progress of the War.

202

CHAPTER VIII.

The Siege of Boston.

232

CHAPTER IX.

The War in New York.

264

CHAPTER X.

The Vicissitudes of War.

295

CHAPTER XI.

The Loss of Philadelphia, and the Capture of Burgoyne.

325

CHAPTER XII.

Concluding Scenes.

341

IX. ДЭНИЕЛ БУН

ДЭНИЕЛ БУН

ПИОНЕР

КЕНТУККИ.

АВТОР:

ДЖОН С. К. ЭББОТТ.

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ.

ГЛАВА I.

Открытие и раннее заселение Америки.

Открытие Нового Света. — Флориды. — Завоевания и жестокости де Сото. — Вигвам. — Колония Сент-Мэрис. — Сэр Уолтер Рэли и его колонии. — Жалованная грамота короля Якова. — Поселения в Виргинии. — Приключения Джона Смита. — Прибытие лорда Делавэра. — Ужасная резня. — Продвижение колонистов на запад. — Торговля Доэрти с индейцами. — Попытка основать колонию на Теннесси. — Дэниел Бун. Стр. 9

ГЛАВА II.

Дэниел Бун, его происхождение и ранние приключения.

Испытания колонистов. — Джордж Бун и его дом. — Сквайр Бун. — Рождение и характер Дэниела Буна. — Его скудное образование. — Лагерь пионера. — Бревенчатый дом и обстановка. — Раздражение Буна при прибытии шотландских эмигрантов. — Его тяга к приключениям. — Лагерные собрания. — Жизнь на фронтире. — Развлечения. — Охота на белок. — Гашение свечи на лету. Стр. 36

ГЛАВА III.

Луизиана, ее открытие и превратности.

Луизиана и ее богатая событиями история. — Экспедиция де Сото. — Миссионер Маркетт. — Его путешествие по Верхней Миссисипи. — Экспедиция Ла Саля. — Мичилимакинак. — Его история. — Судьба «Гриффона». — Горе Ла Саля. — Его путешествие с целью открытий. — Продажа Луизианы Соединенным Штатам. — Замечания Наполеона. Стр. 74

ГЛАВА IV.

Жизнь в лагере за Аллеганами.

Джон Финли и его приключения. — Облик края. — Личный характер Буна. — Его любовь к дикой природе. — Первый взгляд на Кентукки. — Одежда эмигрантов. — Жилище охотника. — Захват Буна и Стюарта индейцами. — Их побег. — Странный случай. Стр. 89

ГЛАВА V.

Индейские войны.

Аллеганские хребты. — Путешествие в каноэ. — Речь Логана. — Битва у Канова. — Рассказ Фрэнсиса Мэриона. — Важное поручение Буна. — Совет в Серклвилле. — Мирный договор. — Описание Кентукки Имли. — Земельный участок поселения. — Ричард Хендерсон. — Письмо Буна. — Форт в Бунсборо. Стр. 109

ГЛАВА VI.

Страдания пионеров.

Эмиграция в Бунсборо. — Новые опасности. — Трансильванская компания. — Благодетельность ее законов. — Интересный случай. — Гнусное поведение Великобритании. — Нападение на форт. — Подкрепления. — Саймон Кентон и его страдания. — Миссис Харви. Стр. 129

ГЛАВА VII.

Жизнь в дикой природе.

Стюарт убит индейцами. — Сквайр Бун возвращается к поселенцам. — Уединенная жизнь Дэниела Буна. — Возвращение Сквайра Буна. — Обширные и романтические исследования. — Прелести и опасности дикой природы. — Отряд эмигрантов. — Роковая засада. — Отступление эмигрантов. — Одиночество дикой природы. — Экспедиция Льюиса и Кларка. — Необычайные приключения Коттера. Стр. 151

ГЛАВА VIII.

Плен и побег.

Героизм Томаса Хиггинса и миссис Персли. — Дела в Бунсборо. — Непрекращающиеся тревоги. — Потребность в соли. — Ее производство. — Индейские планы. — Захват Буна и двадцати семи человек. — Дилемма британцев в Детройте. — Черная Рыба усыновляет полковника Буна. — Церемония усыновления. — Планы индейцев. — Побег Буна. — Нападение на туземцев. — Угроза форту. Стр. 182

ГЛАВА IX.

Победы и поражения.

Положение форта. — Вероломство индейцев. — Бомбардировка. — Бун отправляется в Северную Каролину. — Новые испытания. — Бун ограблен. — Он возвращается в Кентукки. — Резня полковника Роджерса. — Приключение полковника Боумена. — Новое нападение британцев и индейцев. — Ответные меры. — Удивительный подвиг. Стр. 209

ГЛАВА X.

Британские союзники.

Смерть Сквайра Буна. — Зверства индейцев. — Герти и Макги. — Битва при Блю-Ликс. — Смерть Айзека Буна. — Чудесное спасение полковника Буна. — Письмо Дэниела Буна. — Решимость генерала Кларка. — Упадок духа у туземцев. — Забавный анекдот о Дэниеле Буне. Стр. 230

ГЛАВА XI.

Кентукки получает статус штата.

Мир с Англией. — Распоряжение суда Кентукки. — Анекдоты. — Речь мистера Далтона. — Ответ Пианкашау. — Возобновление признаков враждебности индейцев. — Съезды в Данвилле. — Образование штата Кентукки. — Новые испытания для Буна. Стр. 249

ГЛАВА XII.

Романтические и опасные приключения.

Поиски лошади. — Плавание по Огайо. — Героизм миссис Роуэн. — Беззаконные шайки. — Обмен пленными. — Бун вновь посещает места своего детства. — Земли за Миссисипи. — Привычки охотников. — Кукуруза. — Путешествие Буна на Запад. Стр. 271

ГЛАВА XIII.

Новый дом.

Полковник Бун тепло встречен испанскими властями. — Рассказ Буна ОДЮБОНУ. — Полуночное нападение. — Преследование туземцев. — Болезнь в дикой природе. — Честность полковника Буна. — Выплата его долгов. — Потеря всего имущества. Стр. 292

ГЛАВА XIV.

Заключение.

Обращение полковника Буна к Конгрессу. — Хвалебные резолюции законодательного собрания Кентукки. — Смерть миссис Бун. — Католическая веротерпимость. — Странствующие проповедники. — Земельный надел, выделенный Конгрессом полковнику Буну. — Закат его дней. — Внешний вид. — Смерть и погребение. — Перенесение останков мистера и миссис Бун в Франкфурт, штат Кентукки. Стр. 320

X. КРИСТОФЕР КАРСОН

АМЕРИКАНСКИЕ ПИОНЕРЫ И ПАТРИОТЫ

КРИСТОФЕР КАРСОН

ШИРОКО ИЗВЕСТНЫЙ

КАК

КИТ КАРСОН

Пионер Запада.

АВТОР:

ДЖОН С. К. ЭББОТТ

С ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИЯМИ ЭЛЕОНОРЫ ГРЕЙТОРЕКС

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ.

PREFACE.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Early Training.

Page

Birth of Christopher Carson.—Perils of the Wilderness.—Necessary Cautions.—Romance of the Forest.—The Far West.—The Encampment.—The Cabin and the Fort.—Kit an Apprentice.—The Alarm.—Destruction of a Trading Band.—The Battle and the Flight.—Sufferings of the Fugitives.—Dreadful Fate of Mr. Schenck.—Features of the Western Wilderness.—The March.

9

CHAPTER II.

Life in the Wilderness.

A Surgical Operation.—A Winter with Kin Cade.—Study of the Languages and Geography.—Return towards Missouri.—Engagement with a new Company and Strange Adventures.—The Rattlesnake.—Anecdote of Kit Carson.—The Sahara.—New Engagements.—Trip to El Paso.—Trapping and Hunting.—Prairie Scenery.—The Trapper's Outfit.—Night Encampment.—Testimony of an Amateur Hunter.

29

CHAPTER III.

Among the Trappers.

The Discomfited Trappers.—The New Party Organized.—A Battle with the Indians.—Trapping on the Colorado.—March to the Sacramento.—The Friendly Indians.—Crossing the Desert.—Instinct of the Mule.—The Enchanting Valley of the Colorado.—The Mission of San Gabriel.—Vast Herds of Cattle.—The Mission of San Fernando.—Adventures in the Valley of San Joaquin.—The Meeting of two Trapping Bands.—Reasons for Kit Carson's Celebrity.—A Military Expedition.—The Indian Horse Thieves.—The Pursuit and Capture.

51

CHAPTER IV.

Conflicts with the Indians.

The American Trapper.—The Trapper of the Hudson's Bay Company.—The Return Trip.—Polished Life in the Wilderness.—The Spanish Gentlemen.—Council of the Trappers.—Self-possession of Kit Carson.—The Camp Cleared of Intruders.—Robbing the Robbers.—Sale of the Furs.—Mr. Fitzpatrick's Expedition.—Pains and Pleasures of Rocky Mountain Life.—Pursuit of Indian Horse Thieves.—Extraordinary Battle.

72

CHAPTER V.

Marches and Encampments.

The Encampment Among the Rocky Mountains.—The Attempted Stampede.—Retreat and Pursuit by the Savages.—The Alarm.—Loss of the Horses.—Their Recovery.—Enterprise of Kit Carson.—Fight with the Indians.—The Litter for the Wounded.—Union of the two Trapping Parties.—Successful Return to Taos.—Carson joins a Trading Party.—Chivalric Adventures.—Attacked by Bears.

94

CHAPTER VI.

The Rendezvous.

Fair in the Wilderness.—The Encampment.—Dispersion of the Trappers.—Hostility of the Blackfeet.—Camp on the Big Snake River.—The Blackfeet Marauders.—The Pursuit.—The Calumet.—The Battle.—Kit Carson wounded.—The Rencontre with Shunan.—The Defeat and Humiliation of Shunan.—Remarkable Modesty of Carson.—Testimony to Mr. Carson's Virtues.

121

CHAPTER VII.

War with the Blackfeet Indians.

Unsuccessful Trapping.—Disastrous March to Fort Hall.—The Feast upon Horse-flesh.—The Hunting Expedition.—Its Rare Attractions.—Dogged by the Blackfeet.—Safe Arrival at the Fort.—All their Animals Stolen by the Indians.—Expedition to the Blackfeet Country.—Winter Quarters with the Friendly Indians.—Sufferings of the Animals.—Return to the Blackfeet Country.—Battle with the Indians.—Incidents of the Battle.

141

CHAPTER VIII.

Encampments and Battles.

The Renewal of the Battle.—Peculiarities of the Fight.—The Rout.—Encampment in the Indian Village.—Number of Trappers among the Mountains.—The New Rendezvous.—Picturesque Scene of the Encampment.—The Missionary and the Nobleman.—Brown's Hole.—The Navajoes.—Kit Carson Purveyor at the Fort.—Trapping at the Black Hills.—Again upon the Yellowstone.—Pleasant Winter Quarters.—Signs of the Indians.—Severe Conflict.—Reappearance of the Indians.—Their utter Discomfiture.

160

CHAPTER IX.

The Trapper's Elysium.

Trapping on the Missouri.—Attacked by the Blackfeet.—The Battle.—Persevering Hostility of the Indians.—The Trappers driven from the Country.—Repair to the North Fork.—Cheerful Encampments.—Enchanting Scene.—Village of the Flatheads.—The Blessings of Peace.—Carson's Knowledge of Languages.—Pleasant Winter Quarters on the Big Snake River.—Successful Trapping.—Winter at Brown's Hole.—Trip to Fort Bent.—Peculiar Characters.—Williams and Mitchel.—Hunter at Fort Bent.—Marriage.—Visit to the States.

179

CHAPTER X.

Fremont's Expedition.

Carson's Visit to his Childhood's Home.—On the Steamer.—Introduction to Fremont.—Object of Fremont's Expedition.—Joins the Expedition.—Organization of the Party.—The Encampment.—Enchanting View.—Fording the Kansas.—The Stormy Night.—The Boys on Guard.—The Alarm.—The Returning Trappers.—The Homeless Adventurer.—Three Indians join the Party.—First sight of the Buffaloes.—The Chase.

197

CHAPTER XI.

The Return of the Expedition.

Beautiful Prairie Scene.—Fate of the Buffalo Calf.—Vast Buffalo Herds.—The Fourth of July on the Plains.—Journey up the South Fork of the Platte.—Visit to Fort St. Vrain.—Remonstrance of the Chiefs.—Second Marriage of Mr. Carson.—New Engagements.—Perilous Ride to Santa Fe.—The Successful Mission.—The Noble Mexican Boy.—Conflict with the Savages.—Discomfiture of the Indians.—Fremont's Second Expedition.—Carson joins the Party.—Course of the Expedition.—Arrival at the Great Salt Lake.