The work begins with an extensive sociological and historical survey of the Chinese people, examining their racial origins from Central Asia, geographical expansion, family structures, legal systems, and military traditions. Werner details the indigenous reliance on ancestor-worship and the integration of foreign religious traditions, primarily Buddhism and Taoism, which together formed a complex polytheistic environment resembling the earthly imperial administration.
Transitioning from historical reality to imagination, the author investigates why classical Chinese mythology differs from Western traditions, attributing this to early intellectual rigidity, the agnostic influence of Confucianism, and the historical accuracy maintained by native chroniclers. Despite these constraints, the text uncovers a rich tapestry of mythological lore, legends, and folklore that survived through dynastic upheavals and philosophical reforms.
Subsequent chapters delve into specific cosmological myths, detailing the creation of the universe by P’an Ku and alternative legends featuring divine figures like Nü Kua, the repairer of the heavens. Werner maps the intricate pantheon of gods, examining how emperors, mortals, and historical figures were apotheosized into celestial authorities. Particular attention is given to the patron deities of literature, such as Wên Ch’ang and K’uei Hsing, alongside military heroes like Kuan Ti, who attained divine status through virtuous service.
The narrative thoroughly explores the celestial ministries, examining star-gods, astrological superstitions, and the legends surrounding solar and lunar myths, including the famous tale of the Herdsman and the Weaver-girl. Separate sections are dedicated to storm deities, tracing the hierarchies governing thunder, lightning, wind, and rain, and the elaborate rituals and divinatory practices associated with them.
Throughout the text, Werner preserves concrete details of the source material without mechanical retelling, offering a detailed analysis of how religious and secular institutions interacted within the traditional Chinese state. The volume concludes by illustrating the enduring presence of these beliefs in daily life, local customs, and seasonal festivals, capturing the spiritual landscape of China before the fall of the imperial regime.
