«Уильям Питт и национальное возрождение»

1009 «Мемуары Лидса» (Leeds Mem.), с. 157, 158; а также депеша Джексону от 31 марта в «Департаменте иностранных дел» (F. O.), Пруссия, 20.

1010 Из рукописей генерал-майора сэра Спенсера Юарта.

1011 Из рукописей генерал-майора сэра Спенсера Юарта.

1012 «Мемуары Кита» (Keith Mems.), т. II, с. 219, 228.

1013 «Документы Дропмора» (Dropmore P.), т. II, с. 54–56; д-р Хант, «Политическая история Англии» (Pol. Hist. of England), т. X, с. 328.

1014 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Пруссия, 21. Гренвилл — Юарту, 20 апреля 1791 г. Приведенные выше подробности опровергают утверждение Сореля (т. II, с. 208) о том, что Питт резко (brusquement) изменил позицию и поручил Фокнеру заявить, что он уступит в вопросе об Очакове.

1015 Дембинский, т. I, с. 449.

1016 Вивено, т. I, с. 126–137, 172–176; Клэпхем, «Причины войны 1792 года» (Causes of the War of 1792), гл. IV; «Мемуары Кита» (Keith’s Mems.), т. II, с. 436–441, 448. Точно так же Уитворт писал Лидсу 22 апреля 1791 г.: «Граф Кобенцль продолжает подбадривать их [русских] надеждами на то, что его двор примет участие в войне» («Департамент иностранных дел» [F. O.], Россия, 20).

1017 Британский музей, Add. MSS., 34438. Депеши, напечатанные у Вивено (т. I, с. 172–181), показывают, что прибытие Бишофсвердера в Милан 11 июня помогло сорвать усилия лорда Элгина. Элгин предложил Питту 15 июня, что в случае начала войны он сможет уличить императора в препятствовании умиротворению (рукописи Питта, 132).

1018 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Пруссия, 21. Юарт — Гренвиллу, 13 мая.

1019 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Россия, 21. Гренвилл — Фокнеру, 6 мая; «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Польша, 5. Хейлз — Гренвиллу, 19 мая. Тем не менее еще 6 июля Гренвилл сообщал Юарту, что в крайнем случае Англия будет воевать на стороне Пруссии, хотя Юарт должен был приложить все усилия, чтобы предотвратить войну («Документы Дропмора» [Dropmore P.], т. II, с. 124).

1020 «Документы Дропмора» (Dropmore P.), т. II, с. 93, 94. Юарт — Гренвиллу, 8 июня. Влияние Герцберга уменьшилось из-за включения Шуленбурга и Альвенслебена в состав министерства иностранных дел в Берлине в начале мая.

1021 Британский музей, Add. MSS., 34437. Листон — Гренвиллу, 27 мая 1791 г.

1022 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Россия, 21. Фокнер и Уитворт — Гренвиллу, 19, 27, 31 мая, 18 и 21 июня. Точно так же Юарт писал Гренвиллу 18 июня (после получения известий из Санкт-Петербурга): «Никакого ответа (российские министры) союзникам не дадут до возвращения последнего курьера в Лондон, чтобы узнать, могут ли они с уверенностью полагаться на то, что британское правительство ни при каких обстоятельствах не сможет предпринять активных мер» («Департамент иностранных дел» [F. O.], Пруссия, 21).

1023 «Мемуары Фокса» (Memorials of Fox), т. II, с. 383–387.

1024 Рукописи Питта, 337; Томлайн, т. III, с. 308–312.

1025 «Дневники Окленда» (Auckland Journals), т. II, с. 388.

1026 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Россия, 20. 2 мая. «Я давно считаю Воронцова решительно и лично враждебным нынешнему правительству в Англии и убежден, что именно он подал идею использовать г-на Адера в качестве посланника от г-на Фокса к императрице». Гренвилл — Окленду, 1 августа 1791 г. (Британский музей, Add. MSS., 34439).

1027 Британский музей, Add. MSS., 34438.

1028 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Россия, 22. Уитворт — Гренвиллу, 5 августа.

1029 Британский музей, Add. MSS., 34438. Рраксолл (т. I, с. 202; т. II, с. 34) считал, что Фокс заслуживает импичмента за отправку Адера.

1030 «Парламентская история» (Parl. Hist.), т. XXIX, с. 849–1000. Предложение Уитбрэда было окончательно отклонено 244 голосами против 116 (1 марта 1792 г.).

1031 Вивено, т. I, с. 547; Мартенс, т. V, с. 244–249.

1032 Британский музей, Add. MSS., 34438.

1033 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Польша, 5. Хейлз — Гренвиллу, 5 мая, вместе с письмом польского депутата.

1034 Борк, «Апелляция от новых вигов к старым» (Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs). Борк не понимал, что, ведя борьбу России в парламенте, он помогает подрывать свободы Польши.

1035 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Польша, 5. Гренвилл — Хейлзу, 25 мая.

1036 «Мемуары Кита» (Keith Mems.), т. II, с. 448, 449.

1037 Дембинский, т. I, с. 451. Герцберг — Луккезини, 7 мая 1791 г.

1038 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Пруссия, 21. Юарт — Гренвиллу, 25 июня. О второй миссии Бишофсвердера в Веену см. Зибель, кн. II, гл. VI.

1039 Мартенс, т. V, с. 262–271.

1040 Я признателен генерал-майору сэру Спенсеру Юарту за эти сведения и за разрешение скопировать и опубликовать эти письма Питта. История с ядом впервые появилась в одном из писем Фокса, опубликованном в «Мемуарах Фокса» (Mems. of Fox). О письмах д-ра Юарта в Бате, касающихся дел его брата, см. «Документы Дропмора» (Dropmore P.), т. II, с. 181, 253, 256.

1041 Рукописи Питта, 102.

1042 «Департамент иностранных дел» (F. O.), Польша, 5. Хейлз — Гренвиллу, 21 августа 1791 г.

1043 Геррманн, «История России» (Geschichte Russlands), т. VI, с. 445.

УКАЗАТЕЛЬ

Abdul Hamid I, Sultan of Turkey, his death, 506.

Abingdon, Lord, 474.

Abolitionist Society, the, 456–8, 473.

Адер, сэр Роберт, его миссия в Санкт-Петербург, 622–624.

Adams, John, United States Ambassador in London, 444.

Addington, Dr. Anthony, 50, 283, 284;

called in to see the King, 411, 412.

Addington, Henry, 283;

his friendship with Pitt, 284;

enters Parliament, 284, 285;

made Speaker, 464, 469.

Africa, proposed convict settlements in, 435, 437;

the Slave Trade in, 456, 457, 470, 473, 474.

Agriculture, development of, in Midlands and South of England, 31, 32.

Ainslie, Sir Robert, British Ambassador at Constantinople, 326, 486, 487, 489, 494, 506 n., 524.

Alaska, 563.

Algoa Bay, 435.

Alopeus, Russian envoy at Berlin, 597.

Althorpe, Lord, 90.

Алванли, лорд. См. Арден, Ричард Пеппер.

Alvensleben, Count von, special Prussian envoy at Paris, 345, 380, 388, 621 n.

America, Spanish claims on the north-west coast, 565, 568, 573–5, 585–8;

discontent in Spanish America, 568.

American Colonies, Declaration of Independence, 2, 3.

См. Соединенные Штаты.

American War of Independence, 2, 9, 21, 28, 78, 79, 100;

proposals for conciliation, 57, 61, 83, 101–4, 112;

conclusion of peace, 114.

Amiens, Peace of, 305.

Amsterdam, captured by the Prussians, 378, 379.

Anapa, capture of, 625.

Angra Pequeña, 435.

Ankerström, Jakob Johan, murders Gustavus III, 532.

Anne, Princess, 306.

Anstey, Mr., sent to the United States to settle the claims of the Loyalists, 444.

Antwerp, 298, 306.

Apsley, Lord, 90.

Arbitration, international, suggested by Pulteney, 340;

not admitted by Pitt between Spain and England, 574, 575.

Arcot, Nabob of, disposes of several seats in Parliament, 108, 109.

Arden, Richard Pepper (Lord Alvanley), 58, 72, 91;

Solicitor-General, 157, 158;

Attorney-General, 234, 235, 267, 283, 437;

made Lord Alvanley, 283.

Arkwright, Sir Richard, his spinning-frame, 2, 29.

Armaments, limitation of, 341.

Armed Neutrality, the, group of politicians so-called, 429.

Armed Neutrality League, 299.

Armfelt, Baron, 532.

Armstead, Mrs., 80, 409.

Artois, Comte d’, 546, 550.

Ashburton, Lord (John Dunning), 70;

made Chancellor of the Duchy, 105.

Окленд, лорд. См. Иден, Уильям.

Австралия. См. Новый Южный Уэльс.

Austria, alliance with France, 297, 300, 314, 375;

alliance with Russia, 299, 375;

British overtures repulsed, 300;

joins Russia in the war with Turkey, 384, 385, 481, 482, 490, 491, 527;

British policy towards, 489;

entente with Prussia, 523;

британские предложения, 523–526;

weakness of her position, 527;

соглашается на Рейхенбахскую конвенцию, 528–530;

favours Russian claims, 600, 606;

peace with Turkey, 625.

См. Иосиф II и Леопольд II.

Австрийские Нидерланды. См. Бельгийские провинции.

Babington, Thomas, 473.

Bahamas, the, 116.

Baker, Sir George, chief physician to George III, 407, 410.

Bankes, Henry, his friendship with Pitt, 58, 91, 137;

opposes Pitt’s Reform Bill (1785), 202, 203;

his independence, 293, 294.

Banks, Sir Joseph, 436.

Barbary States, 329.

Barnave, Antoine, 560, 624.

Barré, Colonel, proposes reform of public accounts, 87;

debate on his pension, 111;

accepts the Clerkship of the Pells, 159.

Barrier Treaty (1715), 298.

Bathurst, Earl, 79.

Bavaria, the Electorate of, proposal for exchange, 298, 304, 311, 353, 482.

Beauchamp, Lord, 434, 438.

Beauchamp, Lady, works on behalf of Fox, 172.

Beaufoy, Henry, 191;

supports the repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, 214, 215 n.

Belgic Provinces (of Austria), proposal for exchange, 298, 304, 311, 353, 482;

revolution in, 511, 513–15, 547;

French intrigues in, 513, 516;

Joseph II deposed, 515;

ancient constitution guaranteed by the Congress of Reichenbach, 530.

Bentinck, Count, 372.

Beresford, John, Irish Chief Commissioner of the Revenue, 248, 251, 255, 266, 337.

Berlin, Treaty of (1788), 389.

Bernstorff, Count, Danish Minister, 496, 497, 500, 615, 618.

Bible Society, founded, 473, 474.

Bischoffswerder, Baron von, Prussian diplomatist, 600;

his first mission to Vienna, 601, 609;

at Milan, 620 n.;

his second mission to Vienna, 628 n., 629.

Болтон, лорд. См. Орде.

Boswell, James, his description of Wilberforce’s speech at York, 170.

Ботани-Бей, поселение ссыльных в, 437–443.

Bouillé, General de, 356.

Брабант. См. Бельгийские провинции.

Bradford, Lord (Sir Henry Bridgeman), 90.

Бриджмен, сэр Генри. См. Брэдфорд, лорд.

Brissot, Jean Pierre, supports abolition of the Slave Trade, 458.

Bristol, opposes abolition of the Slave Trade, 463.

British Columbia, 570, 588, 589.

Brooks’s Club, 85, 90, 167, 168, 393, 408, 413, 421.

Browne, Governor, his report on slavery in Bermuda, 459.

Brunswick, Charles, Duke of, commands the Prussian troops against Holland, 374, 376;

at the Conference of Reichenbach, 529.

Brunswick, Lewis, Duke of, guardian of the Stadholder, William V, 306.

Brussels, revolt of, 515.

Бэкингем, маркиз. См. Темпл, Джордж Гренвилл, граф.

Булгаков, его миссия в Константинополь, 486–488.

Burges, Bland, permanent Secretary at the Foreign Office, 72;

his anecdote of Pitt and Gibbon, 72, 73;

quoted, 236, 531 n., 583 n.

Burke, Edmund, his proposals for Economic Reform, 68, 69, 84;

his failure in Parliament, 81;

on Lord Shelburne, 82;

praises Pitt’s maiden speech, 85;

opposes Reform, 109, 201, 203;

resigns, 111;

draws a retort from Pitt, 115;

made Paymaster of the Forces, 129;

opposes Pitt’s proposals for retrenchment, 132;

speech in support of the India Bill, 146;

his diatribe against Pitt’s India Amending Act, 221, 222;

reasons for his hostility to Hastings, 226;

his motions against Hastings, 227–32, 239;

opposes Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, 262;

opposes the French Commercial Treaty, 342;

epigram on Pitt, 404;

in the Regency crisis, 414, 416, 421, 423;

protests against transportation, 434, 435, 438;

rupture with Fox, 451, 558;

on the Slave Trade, 457, 462;

on the revolt in Belgium, 547;

его «Размышления о французской революции», 467, 553–557;

influence of the book in England, 557;

his “Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs,” 558, 560, 627 n.;

his “Thoughts on French Affairs,” 559, 560;

в сравнении с Питтом, 552–561;

opposes the Russian War, 613;

his opinion of Ewart, 613 n.;

on the Polish Revolution, 627.

Burke, Richard, at Coblentz, 557, 613.

Burney, Fanny, quoted, 228, 402, 408, 409, 557.

Burton Pynsent, Chatham’s home, 39, 41, 43, 47.

Butler’s “Analogy,” Pitt on, 292.

Buxton, Sir T. F., 455.

Caffraria, suggested settlement on coast of, 435, 438.

Calonne, Charles Alexandre de, French Minister of Finance, and the treaty with England, 334, 338, 343–5;

his prodigality, 346–8, 358, 540;

his visits to England, 545, 550.

Cambridge Debt Bill, 290.

Camden, Earl (Charles Pratt), Lord Chief Justice, declines office under Pitt, 155;

President of the Council, 156, 384, 439, 560, 574 n., 616.

Кэмден, маркиз. См. Пратт, Джон Джеффрис.

Камелфорд, лорд. См. Питт, Томас.

Campbell, Lord, his “Lives of the Lord Chancellors” quoted, 235.

Canada, settlement of American Loyalists in, 440, 441, 443, 446, 447;

request of settlers for representative institutions and English laws, 447, 448;

preponderance of the French, 447, 448;

Закон о Канаде (1791 г.), 449–453;

success of Pitt’s policy, 453;

the future of, 588.

Canning, George, 281, 283;

on the Slave Trade, 477.

Кентерберийский архиепископ. См. Мур, Джон.

Cape of Good Hope, 317 n., 356, 370;

question of convict settlement near, 435.

Carlisle, Earl of, Lord Privy Seal, 79, 129;

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, 245, 333, 611.

Carlisle, Countess of, works on behalf of Fox, 172.

Carmarthen, Marquis of (afterwards Duke of Leeds), Foreign Secretary, 9, 10, 13, 156, 160 n.;

correspondence with Harris, 275, 301, 302, 309, 314, 327, 335, 355, 360, 362, 493;

his plays, 309, 311;

negotiations with Russia, 315–17, 489;

his suspicions of France in the matter of the Commercial Treaty, 306, 328–30, 332, 334, 335, 343, 344, 347;

letter to the King on Dutch policy, 357;

strained relations with Pitt, 357, 358;

negotiations leading to the Triple Alliance, 365, 368, 370, 373, 374, 377, 381, 383, 384, 386, 387, 490;

a witty retort by, 424;

ситуация на Балтике, 495–497;

commends Elliot, 500, 501;

becomes Duke of Leeds, 501, 502, 510;

the revolution in Belgium, 513, 516, 520;

the French Revolution, 546;

interviews with the Duke of Orleans, 547, 548;

the Nootka Sound dispute, 566, 569, 572, 576, 582;

the Eastern Question, 582, 590, 599, 605, 606, 608;

disagreement with Pitt, 616;

resigns, 618.

Carrington, Lord (Robert Smith), 91, 201, 285;

overhauls Pitt’s affairs, 287, 288.

Carteret, Lord (Henry Thynne), 159.

Cartwright, Rev. Edmund, his power loom, 3, 30.

Cartwright, Major John, 83, 204, 429;

his “Society for Promoting Constitutional Information,” 109, 206.

Catharine II, Czarina, 136, 140, 298;

alliance with Joseph II, 299, 353, 483;

repartee to Diderot, 299, 300;

repels British overtures, 300–4, 348, 488;

her schemes against Turkey, 304, 314, 315, 348, 353, 390, 481–3, 582;

makes a commercial treaty with France, 348, 485, 488;

war with Turkey, 375, 385, 487, 488, 502, 590, 591;

state progress to the Crimea, 480, 481, 483;

встреча с Иосифом II, 480–483;

her career and character, 483, 484;

agreement with the King of Poland, 485, 486;

her anger against England, 488, 489, 494;

war with Sweden, 491, 493, 494, 502, 520, 521;

makes overtures to Fox, 504;

refuses British offer of mediation, 526;

makes peace with Gustavus III, 531, 532, 582, 592, 593;

her promises to him, 532, 533;

approached by Leopold II, 592;

Hertzberg’s treacherous proposals to, 597;

rejects Pitt’s demands for the status quo, 592, 598;

anxious for a peaceful settlement, 615, 618;

Pitt’s new proposals, 620, 621;

makes peace with Turkey, 626;

alliance with Sweden, 628, 629.

Cavendish, Lord G., 90.

Cavendish, Lord John, Chancellor of the Exchequer, resigns, 111;

moves a vote of censure against the Government, 120;

again Chancellor of the Exchequer, 129;

Pitt exposes the weak points of his Budget, 132;

forms a revenue committee, 185.

Cazalès, Jacques Antoine Marie de, 572.

Chambers, Sir Robert, anecdote of, 213.

Channing, Professor E., on the action of the United States to the Loyalists, 444 n.

Charles III of Spain, 568.

Charles IV of Spain, 568, 575, 577, 583, 584.

Charlotte, Queen, her virtue and unpopularity, 8;

her simple tastes, 24;

receives the wife of Warren Hastings, 226, 228;

her parsimony, 392, 393;

relations with the Prince of Wales, 393, 397, 402;

the King’s illness, 407, 408, 411, 414, 415, 420, 422, 426, 430.

Chariot, Comte de, appeals to England to protect Belgium against France, 513.

Шартрский, герцог. См. Орлеанский, герцог.

Chatham, Hester, Lady, 36, 37, 39, 40, 288.

Chatham, John Pitt, 2nd Earl of, 40, 41, 57, 167, 269, 397, 398;

First Lord of the Admiralty, 567, 616.

Chatham, William Pitt, first Earl of, his death, 2;

his character and influence, 34, 35;

his defects, 35;

fallacious comparisons between him and his son, 39, 40;

his opinion of public schools, 42;

his careful choice of language, 43;

letters from his son, 44, 51;

his last speeches and death, 61;

hostility of the King to, 62;

state of his affairs, 64;

his Coalition with Newcastle compared with that of Fox and North, 119.

Chauvelin, Marquis de, French ambassador to England, 281.

Cherbourg, fortification of, 211, 327, 341.

Cheyt Singh, Zamindar of Benares, 225, 232, 233, 238, 239.

China, trade between America and, 563.

Cholmondeley, Lord, Walpole on his death, 25.

Chotzim, surrender of, 491.

Church Missionary Society founded, 473.

Civil List, proposals for reform of, 68, 84.

“Clapham Sect,” the, 473.

Clarence, Duke of (afterwards William IV), opposes abolition of the Slave Trade, 471, 472, 474.

Clarkson, Thomas, 322, 455, 457, 468, 473, 478.

Clavering, Sir John, his intrigues against Hastings, 224.

Clavière, Etienne, supports abolition of the Slave Trade, 458.

Clerk, Sir Philip, 69.

Clerkship of the Pells, the, 159.

Clinton, Sir Henry, 445.

Coal, duty on, 186.

Coalition Ministry (1783) formed, 118;

names of Ministers, 128, 129;

dismissed, 148.

Cobenzl, Count, Austrian Vice-Chancellor, 524, 527, 614, 620 n.

Coke of Norfolk, 163, 611.

Колнетт, капитан, его суда захвачены испанцами у Нутка-Саунд, 563–565.

Commerce, Committee of Council for, appointed by Pitt, 257.

Палата общин. См. Парламент.

Commutation Bill (1784), 185.

Consols, lowness of (1783, 1784), 178, 180;

rise in (1785), 318,

(1786), 341.

Constantine, Prince, grandson of Catharine II, 482.

Constitutional Information, Society for Promoting, 109, 206.

Contractors Bill (1782), 110, 113.

Convict Settlements, Parliamentary Report on (1785), 434, 435;

план создания новых, 435–440.

Conway, General, 102, 112, 116, 159, 163.

Cook, Captain, 436, 438, 440, 562, 564.

Coote, Sir Eyre, death of, 147.

Corn, Bill to regulate export of (1789), 544;

export of from Ireland to England forbidden, 545.

Cornwall, Charles Wolfran, Speaker, his death, 422.

Cornwallis, Earl, declines office under Pitt, 156;

Governor-General of India, 224, 370, 371, 402;

mission to Berlin, 314;

suggested as Home Secretary, 619.

Corporation Act, its repeal proposed and rejected, 212, 214, 215.

Cort of Gosport, his invention for the production of malleable iron, 31.

Cotton industry, its enormous expansion, 30.

County Reform Associations, 21, 27, 68, 71, 169.

Court, the English, strictness of the etiquette at, 16, 392.

Courtenay, John, M.P., 211.

Crabbe, Thomas, on smuggling, quoted, 182, 183.

Cracow, Bishop of, 627.

Кроуфурд, Джордж, английский комиссар в Версале, 328–330.

Crewe, Mrs., on Pitt’s administration, 154;

on behalf of Fox, 172.

Crompton, Samuel, his “mule-jenny,” 3, 29.

Crown, the debates on the influence of, 70, 130;

theory of royal veto, 148;

abuse of power of, 148, 149.

Cumberland, Henry Frederick, Duke of, his influence on the Prince of Wales, 393.

Cumberland, William Augustus, Duke of, his death, 24.

Curtis, Alderman, 586.

Czartoryski family, the, in Poland, 486.

Dalrymple, Lord, British Ambassador at Berlin, 304 n., 313, 352, 353, 363 n.

Daly, Denis, M.P., 251.

Данциг, вопрос о его уступке Пруссии, 387, 507, 508, 511 прим., 521 прим., 522, 526, 529, 594, 596, 597, 599, 601, 606, 607, 613, 614.

Delancey, Colonel Stephen, 445, 446 n.

Delancey, Sir William, 446 n.

Del Campo, Marquis, Spanish Ambassador in London, 562, 565, 566.

Democracy, growth of, 2, 197, 203–6;

см. главу XXIV.

Dempster, George, 190, 191, 544.

Denmark, desires alliance with Great Britain, 385;

treaty with Russia, 496;

eager for war with Sweden, 496;

осаждает Гетеборг, 496–499;

agrees to an armistice, 499, 500;

renders help to Russia, 501, 502, 600, 603.

Derby, Countess of, works on behalf of Fox, 172.

Desmoulins, Camille, 512, 571, 572.

Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of, supports Fox, 172, 173, 421, 623;

recognizes Mrs. Fitzherbert, 398;

her Diary, 409, 421 n.

Diamond Necklace Scandal, 140, 343, 382.

Diderot, Denis, 299, 300.

Dietz, Prussian envoy at Constantinople, 494, 506, 507 n., 509, 511, 521, 528.

Disbrowe, Colonel, epigram on Queen Charlotte, 392.

Дисентеры. См. Нонконформисты.

Dnieper, River, 603, 604.

Dniester, River, 597, 602, 604, 605, 615, 619, 620.

Dolben, Sir William, his bill for regulating transport of slaves, 461.

Dominica ceded to Great Britain, 116, 121.

Dönhoff, Countess, 609.

Дорчестер, лорд, генерал-губернатор Канады, 448–450.

Dorset, Duke of, British Ambassador in Paris, 329, 333, 334, 341, 344 n., 369, 545;

recalled, 546.

Douglas, Captain, his ship seized by the Spaniards at Nootka, 564.

Dover House Club, 403.

Drake, Francis, British envoy at Copenhagen, 615.

Употребление алкоголя в XVIII веке, 23–25.

Düben, Count, Swedish Minister, 499.

Dublin Parliament, legislative independence conceded, 105.

Dumouriez, General, 547.

Duncannon, Lord, 90.

Duncannon, Viscountess, 172.

Duncombe, Charles Slingsby, elected member for York, 170, 201, 293, 586.

Dundas, Henry, 88;

his attitude on the conduct of the war, 101;

fails to win over Lord North, 117;

supports the choice of Pitt as Prime Minister, 125;

in favour of Pitt’s Reform proposals, 131;

opposes Fox’s India Bill, 146;

Treasurer of the Navy, 157;

his character, 157, 158;

his attitude on reform, 200 n., 201–3, 212;

letter to Cornwallis, 220;

introduces the India Amending Act of 1786, 221;

his high opinion of Cornwallis, 224;

his attitude to Warren Hastings, 227, 229, 230, 232, 234–6;

introduces Adam Smith to Pitt, 241 n.;

his house at Wimbledon, 270 n.;

his friendship with Pitt, 274;

описание, 276–280;

his influence in Scotland, 277, 278;

his influence over Pitt, 278, 279;

conviviality at Wimbledon, 279;

anecdotes of Pitt and, 279, 289, 404;

carries out the Canada Bill, 452;

on the Slave Trade, 469, 471, 475, 476;

defends the armament against Russia, 613, 618;

Home Secretary, 619.

Dundas, Sir Thomas, 173.

Даннинг, Джон. См. Эшбертон, лорд.

Dupont de Nemours, 346.

Durham, Lord, his Report on Canada (1839), 450, 452.

Dutch East India Company, 317, 327, 356, 382.

Голландская республика. См. Соединенные Провинции.

East India Company, The, unsatisfactory state of, 143, 217;

Индийский законопроект Фокса, 143–146;

resolutions of the general court, 161;

Индийский законопроект Питта, 160–163;

предложения второго индийского законопроекта Питта, 218–221;

hails Pitt as its champion, 223;

often on the verge of bankruptcy, 225;

how affected by Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, 260;

dispute with Pitt, 403, 404.

Economic Reform, movement for, 68, 110, 113.

экомисты, 322–324.

Economy Bill (1782), 110, 113, 178, 286.

Eden, Morton, Ambassador at Berlin, 629.

Eden, William (Lord Auckland), 79, 185, 233, 234;

opposes Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, 254, 255, 275;

his career, 333;

special envoy in Paris, 330, 331, 333–8, 341, 343, 347, 356, 367, 370, 371, 373, 376–81, 545;

his “Discourse on Banishment,” 432, 434;

letters from Wilberforce and Pitt to, on the Slave Trade, 459, 460;

Ambassador at Madrid, 459;

made Lord Auckland, 523;

Ambassador at The Hague, 523, 534, 569, 572, 592, 602, 610;

his opposition to Ewart, 602, 629.

Edmundson, William, 454.

Edward, Prince (afterwards Duke of Kent), 515;

sent to Gibraltar, 549.

Edwards, Gerard (afterwards Sir Gerard Noel), 91.

Effingham, Lady, 407.

Egypt, French policy in, 310, 326, 327, 355.

Eldon, Lord (John Scott), anecdote told by, 24;

opposes Fox’s India Bill, 146, 213.

Elections in England, popular licence, 27.

Elgin, Lord, his mission to Leopold II, 619, 620.

Eliot, Edward, made Lord Eliot, 159.

Eliot, Edward J., 58;

marries Harriet Pitt, 58;

goes with Pitt to France, 137;

death of his wife, 289, 290.

Elliot, Sir Gilbert (afterwards Earl of Minto), 146, 158, 274, 275, 428;

proposed as Speaker, 464.

Elliot, Hugh, letters to Pitt, 25 n., 396;

British Ambassador at Copenhagen, 496;

убеждает Густава принять английское и прусское посредничество, 497–501;

his mission to Paris, 560, 579–81.

Ellis, Welbore, 102.

Англия. См. Великобритания.

English, character of the, 142.

Errington, Mr., uncle of Mrs. Fitzherbert, 397 n., 398.

Erskine, Thomas (afterwards Baron), attacks Pitt, 159;

defeated at the polls, 171;

attack on Pitt prompted by the Prince of Wales, 404.

Eugène, Prince, 481, 482.

Euston, Lord, 58, 90;

elected member for Cambridge University, 171.

Ewart, Joseph, letter to him, quoted, 9, 10;

Secretary of Legation at Berlin, 311;

originates the idea of the Triple Alliance, 313, 631;

посол в Берлине, 313 прим., 363 и прим., 364, 365, 374, 375, 381, 386 прим., 387, 389, 489 прим., 490 прим., 495, 497–499, 500 прим., 507 прим., 508, 510, 511 прим., 514, 516, 519, 521 прим., 528–530, 534, 574, 590, 593, 595, 598, 599, 616–619;

opposed by Auckland, 602, 603;

Burke’s opinion of him, 613 n.;

his description of his interview with Pitt, 617, 618;

his work nullified, 628, 631;

his recall and death, 629, 630.

Falconbridge, overseer of the Sierra Leone settlement, 473.

Family Compact, the (1761), 570, 571, 576.

Fawcett, General, 374.

Fawkener, William, special envoy to St. Petersburg, 619 n., 621–4, 625.

Ferguson of Pitfour, 88, 278.

Ferguson, Sir Edward, 191.

Fielding, Henry, on the occupations of a fop, 17.

Finckenstein, Count, Prussian Foreign Minister, 353, 364.

Finland, campaign in, 491, 493, 531.

Fitzgerald, Lord Robert Stephen, British Ambassador at Paris, 465, 513, 546–8.

Fitzherbert, Alleyne, British Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 300, 302, 486, 488;

his mission to Madrid, 570, 574, 577, 582–4.

Фитцгерберт, миссис, ее отношения с принцем Уэльским, 394–399.

Fitzpatrick, Richard, 426, 429.

Fitzwilliam, Earl, 145, 428, 429 n., 611.

Fitzwilliam, W., suggests a lottery for settling the Prince of Wales’s debts, 403 n.

Фландрия. См. Бельгийские провинции.

Fletcher, Sir Henry, 145.

Flood, Henry, 245, 252, 264.

Floridablanca, Count, Spanish Minister, 568, 573–5, 577, 584.

Floridas, the, ceded to Spain, 116, 120.

экспорт муки во Францию запрещен, 543–545.

Fontainebleau, Treaty of, 316.

Foster, John Baron Oriel, Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer, 248, 251, 337.

Fox, Charles James, his house at Wandsworth, 19;

his losses at gambling, 26;

his University career contrasted with Pitt’s, 58;

introduced to Pitt, 60;

his character and vices, 80, 93;

as an orator, 80, 81;

praises Pitt’s maiden speech, 85;

motion in favour of peace, 88;

made Foreign Secretary, 104;

supports proposals for Reform, 108, 109;

resigns, 111;

attacks Shelburne, 111, 112;

refuses Pitt’s overtures, 117;

his Coalition with North, 117, 118;

effect of his conduct, 119;

his defence, 120;

supports motion for a vote of censure, 120;

made Secretary of State in the Coalition ministry, 128;

supports Pitt’s reform proposals (1783), 131;

proposes to allow £100,000 a year to the Prince of Wales, 133;

attributes the King’s opposition to an intrigue of Pitt’s, 133;

introduces the India Bill, 142;

dismissed from office, 148;

attacks Pitt, 159;

defeats him and calls on him to resign, 163;

negotiations for a union of parties, 164;

offers to serve with Pitt, 165;

failure of negotiations, 166;

his attacks not pressed home, 167;

his election for Westminster invalidated, 173;

elected for Orkney and Shetland, 173;

Pitt’s ungenerous conduct to him, 173, 254, 271;

reasons for his defeat, 174;

opposes reduction of the tea duty, 185;

opposes Pitt’s proposal of a Sinking Fund, 192;

his amendment accepted by Pitt, 193;

attitude to the Reform Bill of 1785, 202;

supports repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, 214;

opposes Pitt’s second India Bill, 219, and his Amending Act, 222;

supports Burke’s motions against Hastings, 228, 230, 232, 239;

speeches on Pitt’s Irish Resolutions, 254, 255, 261, 262;

his opinion of Adam Smith, 262;

contrasted with Pitt, 273, 295;

opposes the French Commercial Treaty, 341, 342;

friendship with the Prince of Wales, 393, 396, 398, 399;

denies the marriage of the Prince with Mrs. Fitzherbert, 401;

champions the East India Company against Pitt, 404;

action on the King’s illness, 409, 413;

speeches on the Regency question, 415–18, 421, 423, 424;

his disappointment on the King’s recovery, 426, 427;

on Canadian policy, 448, 451, 452;

rupture with Burke, 451, 558;

on the Slave Trade, 463, 465, 467, 469, 474;

interview with Vorontzoff, 504;

opposes vote for the army (1790), 550, 551;

on the Convention with Spain, 586, 587;

opposes the Russian armament, 610, 612;

his relations with Adair, 623, 624.

Fox, George, 454.

“Fox’s Martyrs,” 170, 171.

France, Anglomania in, 17, 322;

peace concluded with, 115, 116, 136;

position of, after the peace, 139, 140, 321;

national debt of, 179, 180;

beginnings of Political Economy in, 183;

her activity in India, 220, 221, 230, 310, 317, 326, 355, 356, 373 n.;

war with the Mahrattas, 225;

alliance with Austria, 297, 300, 314;

союз с Швецией, 301–304;

designs in Egypt, 310, 327, 482, 483;

alliance with the United Provinces, 316, 317, 332;

her commanding position, 317;

mental sympathy with England in, 322;

торговый договор с Англией, 325–340;

its reception, 341, 342;

причины его принятия, 343–345;

its after effects, 346, 347;

the assembly of Notables, 343, 345, 358;

refuses Prussian proposal of joint intervention at The Hague, 354, 363, 367, 382;

financial difficulties, 347, 358;

ее политика в отношении Нидерландов, 366–382;

duplicity of her policy and conduct, 370, 373 and n., 374, 379;

promises aid to Holland, 377,

but fails to give it, 378, 379;

уничтожение ее влияния в Соединенных Провинциях, 379–382;

her finances compared with those of England, 405;

her expedition to New South Wales forestalled, 440;

opinion on the Slave Trade in, 458, 460, 463 (see French Revolution);

her preponderance in Canada, 447, 448;

her policy in Turkey, 482;

position of the peasants in France and other countries, 538, 539;

effect of philosophical speculation in France and England, 539, 540;

first efforts of reformers in, 540;

suspicious of England, 542, 550;

her constitution, 556.

Francis, Sir Philip, opposes Pitt’s Second India Bill, 219;

his hostility to Hastings, 222, 224, 226, 228, 233;

his friendship with Burke, 226, 556.

Franking, abuses of, 186, 187.

Franklin, Benjamin, at Westminster, 59;

his admiration for Lord Shelburne, 83;

Pitt meets him in Paris, 139, 140.

Fraser, British Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 385 n., 488 n., 489.

Frederick the Great, intrigues against England, 296, 297;

refuses to help the Princess of Orange, 309, 349, 351, 360;

refuses an alliance with England, 312, 314;

his death, 351.

Frederick William II of Prussia, his accession and character, 351, 352;

his overtures rejected by France, 354, 363, 367;

demands satisfaction from Holland for the insult to the Princess of Orange, 363–5, 370–2, 382;

his vacillation, 366, 374, 381;

sends an ultimatum to Holland, 374, 375;

invades Holland, 376;

союз с Англией, 384–389;

his attitude to the war between Sweden and Russia, 494, 495;

threatens to invade Denmark if she attacks Sweden, 497, 499;

sanctions Hertzberg’s schemes, 506, 507, 514;

demands Belgian independence, 514, 516;

anger against England, 517;

treaty with Poland, 521;

correspondence with Leopold II, 523, 528;

renounces Hertzberg’s schemes, 529;

his Polish policy, 594, 595;

sends Bischoffswerder to Vienna, 601;

challenges England to take strong measures against Russia, 608, 609;

changes his attitude, 614;

agrees to Pitt’s proposals, 619, 621;

decides on an understanding with Austria, 628, 629.

Free Trade, ideas of, 322, 323, 343.

French East India Company, revived, 220, 221, 310, 317, 326, 341.

French Revolution, the National Assembly constituted, 511;

объявляет рабов свободными во французских колониях, 465–467;

disastrous effects, 467;

declaration of war against England, 472;

intrigues in Belgium, 513, 516;

meeting of the States-General, 537, 538;

fall of the Bastille, 542;

the Revolution compared with the English Revolution, of 1688, 554, 555;

warlike attitude of the royalists in the Assembly, 570;

debate on the royal prerogative, 571;

proposed alliance with Spain against England, 576–8, 583.

French Royalists, failure of their settlement in Canada, 446, 447.

Религиозное общество Друзей. См. Квакеры.

Friesland, Province of, 350, 368.

Frost, John, attorney, 109, 110.

Fürstenbund, the, 312, 482.

Gainsborough, Thomas, his portraits of Lady Chatham and William Pitt, 38.

Galicia, question of its restoration to Poland, 387, 507, 508, 511, 521–3, 526, 594.

Gambia River, penal settlement, 434, 435.

Gambling, in the eighteenth century, 26.

Game-laws, the, 15.

“Gazetteer,” the, 253, 255.

George III, resentment against his war policy, 7;

national loyalty to, 8;

his personality, 8;

его политическая власть, 8–10;

his sobriety and simple tastes, 24, 25;

his hostility to Chatham, 61, 62;

his firmness during the Gordon Riots, 71;

his electioneering, 74, 99, 172;

disastrous effects of his policy, 76;

his increasing power, 77;

характеристики, 97–100;

skill in intrigue, 99;

relations with his Ministers, 99;

his attitude after Yorktown, 100;

resignation of Lord North, 103;

foments discords in the Rockingham Ministry, 104, 105;

exerts influence against Reform, 110;

rebukes Pitt, 115;

призывает Питта сформировать министерство, 125–127;

threatens to retire to Hanover, 127;

is forced to accept the Coalition Ministry, 127, 128;

his hatred of Fox and North, 129;

refuses to grant honours, 129, 137;

his anger on the subject of the Prince of Wales’s allowance, 133;

makes overtures to Pitt through Thurlow, 134, 135;

recalls Pitt from Paris, 141;

intervenes to secure defeat of the India Bill in the Lords, 147, 148;

appoints Pitt Prime Minister, 148;

refuses to remove him, 168;

dissolves Parliament, 169;

his relations with Pitt after 1784, 175, 176;

attitude to the Reform Bill of 1785, 197, 201, 204;

favours Warren Hastings, 226, 228, 235, 236;

insists on an Irish contribution towards naval expenses, 250;

letter on the death of Pitt’s sister, 290;

desire for peace, 301, 317, 357, 494;

causes Hanover to join the Fürstenbund, 312;

his opinion of Sir James Harris, 369;

in favour of an Anglo-Prussian alliance, 388;

his insanity, 392, 407;

отношения с принцем Уэльским, 393–402;

his letters to the Prince drafted by Pitt, 399, 408;

reconciliation with the Prince, 402;

decline in health, 406, 407;

stories of his madness, 407 and n.;

развитие болезни, 410–413;

removed to Kew House, 413;

treated by Dr. Willis, 414, 415;

his recovery, 426, 427, 504;

his confidence in Pitt, 430;

his partiality to Thurlow, 464, 465;

absorbed in domestic troubles, 515, 549;

on the Duke of Orleans’ visit to London, 547;

his silence with regard to the French Revolution, 549;

his determined attitude on the Nootka Sound dispute, 566, 567;

on Elliot’s mission to Paris, 579, 580.

Georgia, Principality of, 486.

Жермен, лорд Джордж. См. Сэквилл, виконт.

Gibbon, Edward, worsted in a discussion with Pitt, 72, 73.

Gibraltar, Siege of, 67, 79;

relieved, 106, 114;

question of ceding it, 114.

Gilbert’s Act (1782), 15.

Giurgevo, defeat of the Austrians at, 527.

Glynn, Dr., 50, 51.

Gold Coast, the, 435.

Goltz, Count von, Prussian envoy at Warsaw, 522 n.

Goostree’s, 89, 91–3.

Gordon, Duchess of, 404.

Gordon, Lord George, 71, 341.

Gordon Riots, the, 9, 27, 71.

Goree, ceded to France, 116.

Görtz, Count, special Prussian envoy to The Hague, 354, 373.

Gothenburg, besieged by the Danes, 496, 498–500.

Gower, (second) Earl, President of the Council, 156.

Gower (third) Earl, ambassador in Paris, 576 n., 577, 579, 580.

Grafton, Duke of, Privy Seal, 114, 116, 616;

declines office under Pitt, 155.

Graham, Lord, 90.

Graham, Thomas (Lord Lynedoch), 16.

Granby, Lord, 56. See Rutland, Duke of.

Grant, General, letter to Cornwallis on the Prince of Wales, 402.

Grantham, Lord, Foreign Secretary, 111, 325.

Granville Bay and Town, 473.

Grasse, Count de, defeated by Rodney, 106.

Grattan, Henry, 105, 246, 247, 251, 252, 264.

Great Britain, state of, in and after 1780, 4 et seq.;

power and character of the peers, 10, 13, 14;

власть сквайров, 14–16;

etiquette at Court, 16;

нравы и обычаи в 1782 году, 17–20;

wealth and prosperity, 18;

her stolid conservatism, 21;

пороки эпохи, 23–26;

промышленный рост, 28–31;

development of agriculture, 31, 32;

financial position in 1784, 179, 180;

penal code, 433, 434;

state of in 1791, 611.

Gregory, Robert, 146.

Greig, Admiral, in command of the Russian fleet, 493.

Grenada, ceded to Great Britain, 116, 121.

Гренвилл, Эстер. См. Чатем, леди.

Grenville, Thomas, 171, 410 n.

Grenville, William Wyndham (Lord Grenville), 90;

his speech on the India Bill, 146;

Paymaster of the Forces, 157;

speaks in defence of Hastings, 232, 234, 235;

his house at Wimbledon, 270 n.;

his career and character, 280, 281;

mission to The Hague, 280, 307 n., 356 n., 369, 374;

mission to Paris, 280, 378, 379;

his influence over Pitt in foreign affairs, 317, 326, 405;

made Speaker, 412, 422;

Home Secretary, 449, 464;

created Baron Grenville, 449, 466;

его участие в Законе о Канаде, 449–452;

on the Slave Trade, 476, 477;

Foreign Secretary, 535 n., 544, 559, 560, 575, 599, 616, 618–20, 624, 627.

Grey, Charles (afterwards Earl Grey), 289, 586, 613, 624.

Groschlag, French envoy to Berlin, 375.

Grosvenor, Thomas, M.P., 466.

Guelderland, Province of, 350, 359, 376.

Gustavus III of Sweden, 385;

declares war on Russia, 491, 493, 502;

his character and career, 492;

alliance with Turkey, 493, 495;

retires to Stockholm, 494, 498;

not supported by England or Prussia, 494, 495;

proceeds to Gothenburg, 498, 499;

accepts English and Prussian mediation, 499, 500;

his ambitious schemes, 501;

makes peace with Russia, 530–3, 592, 593;

open to an offer from the Allies, 600, 603, 609, 621;

alliance with Russia, 628, 629.

Haggerston, Sir Carnaby, 397, 398.

Hague, The, treaty signed at (1788), 383;

Conference at, 534;

Convention signed at (1790), 534.

Hailes, Daniel, Secretary to the embassy in Paris, 326, 327, 330, 332, 334, 343–5, 355, 356, 545;

British envoy at Warsaw, 522, 595, 596, 598, 626, 627, 630.

Haldimand, Governor, 446.

Hamilton, Lady Anne, her “Memoirs of the Court of George III,” quoted, 275.

Hamilton, Gerald, 424.

Hanover, included in the Fürstenbund, 312, 313.

Hardy, Thomas, on smuggling, 182.

Hargreaves, James, his spinning-jenny, 2, 29.

Harris, Sir James (afterwards Earl of Malmesbury), account of, 308, 309;

Ambassador at St. Petersburg, 79, 296, 299, 302, 304, 484;

посол в Гааге, 275, 308–310, 314, 315, 317, 326, 327, 335, 347, 349–351, 354, 355, 357–364, 369, 372–374, 376, 381, 388, 389;

confidante of the Prince of Wales, 394, 395, 424.

Харроби, граф. См. Райдер, Дадли.

Hastings, Warren, vote of censure on, 143, 217;

order for his recall annulled, 143, 217;

his plan of an alliance with the Great Mogul frustrated by his Council, 221;

his treatment of Cheyt Singh, 224, 225, 232, 233;

the affair of the Begums of Oude, 225, 239, 240;

source of Burke’s information against him, 226;

received with favour by the King, 226;

interview with Pitt, 227;

обвинения против него, 229–240;

his impeachment, 233, 240.

Hats, tax on, 186.

Hawkesbury, Lord, 471.

Hayes, Chatham’s house at, 37, 40, 41, 43, 48.

Henry, Prince, of Prussia, 479, 609.

Herbert, George Augustus (afterwards Earl of Pembroke), 155.

Герцберг, граф, прусский министр иностранных дел, стремящийся к союзу с Англией, 311, 312, 353, 363, 364, 366, 375;

signs the treaty with England (1788), 389;

his schemes in Eastern Europe, 384, 386, 387, 489 n., 491, 494, 495, 506–10, 520–3, 528;

Belgian policy, 511, 513, 514, 574;

Polish policy, 594, 596, 597, 614;

treacherous proposals to Russia, 597, 599, 606, 607, 619;

decline of his power, 600, 601, 621 n.;

his fall, 628.

Hesse, Prince of, Danish Commander-in-chief, 499.

Hippisley, J. C., British agent, 545.

Holland, Province of, 350, 351, 355, 360;

the Free Corps detain and insult the Princess of Orange, 361, 362, 364, 366;

штаты отказываются приносить извинения, 370–372;

cancel their appeal for help to France, 376;

вероломство французов по отношению к нему, 377–379.

Holwood House, 265 n., 269.

Hood, Admiral, Lord, 172, 173, 567.

Horses, tax on, 186.

Howard, John, 214, 322, 433.

Howe, Admiral Lord, relieves Gibraltar, 114;

First Lord of the Admiralty, 156;

resigns, 567.

Hyde de Neuville, 281.

Hyder Ali, invades the Carnatic, 79, 143, 217, 225.

Индия. См. главу X;

Индийский законопроект Фокса, 142–148;

первый индийский законопроект Питта, 160–163;

его второй индийский законопроект, 218–220;

his Amending Act of 1786, 221, 222;

increased power of the Viceroy, 222, 223;

joint action of the Dutch and French in, 317, 356;

French plans for overthrow of British power in, 356;

British garrison strengthened, 403;

India Declaratory Act (1788), 404.

Indian “nabobs,” influence of, 16, 223.

Imhoff, Baron, 226.

Income Tax, Pitt’s opinion of, in 1798, 188.

Industrial Revolution, the, 2, 29;

его результаты, 29–32.

“Influence,” importance of, 12, 91;

Pitt’s increasing use of, 208, 209.

Ирландия. См. главу XI;

burden of taxation in (1781), 5;

state of, in 1782, 105;

state of, in 1783, 141;

the Act of Union (1800), 203;

история англо-ирландских отношений, 242–246;

Protestant tyranny in, 242;

growth of toleration, 242, 243;

composition of the Irish Parliament, 242, 243;

the woollen and linen industries, 243, 244;

Volunteer corps, 244, 245;

restrictions on trade removed, 245;

repeal of the Test Act, 245;

legislative independence secured, 105, 106, 245;

demand for “protection,” 246, 247;

вопрос о парламентской реформе, 246–249;

предложение об ирландском взносе в имперские фонды, 248–254;

Pitt’s Commercial Resolutions, 198, 200, 202, 209, 249–66;

passed by the Dublin Parliament, 251;

дебаты в Вестминстере, 253–255;

кампания протеста против резолюций, 255–257;

report of committee of inquiry, 258, 259;

modified Resolutions introduced, 260;

passed at Westminster, 264;

opposed in Ireland and dropped, 264;

letter of Wilberforce on the Resolutions, 282, 283;

как на нее повлиял французский торговый договор, 337–339;

the Irish Parliament adopts Fox’s arguments on the Regency, 424, 426.

Iron industry, expansion of the, 31.

Ismail, fall of, 590, 591, 598.

Jackson, Francis, chargé-d’affaires at Berlin, 595, 598, 600, 606, 608, 609, 614, 616, 617.

Jassy, treaty of, 626.

Jebb, John, M.D., 84.

Jenkinson, Charles (afterwards Earl of Liverpool), 79, 146;

head of the Council of Commerce, 262, 263, 289, 334;

on the Slave Trade, 463, 469, 476.

Jervis, Sir John, 581.

Johnson, Dr., his qualified Jacobitism, 9;

a typical clubman, 20;

on tippling, 23;

anecdote of, and Sir R. Chambers, 213.

Johnstone, British chargé-d’affaires at Copenhagen, 501.

Jones, Paul, received by the Empress Catharine, 489.

Joseph II, Emperor, his aims, 297;

his Belgian policy, 298, 304, 353;

alliance with Catharine II, 299, 353;

attitude towards the Dutch crisis, 366;

joins Russia in the war with Turkey, 375, 384, 385, 483, 485, 488, 491;

danger of his schemes, 385, 387, 390;

meeting with Catharine II, 480, 481, 483;

failure of his campaign against the Russians, 491, 505;

destroys the constitution of Brabant, 511;

resolves to subdue the Netherlands, 515;

his death, 518.

“Junius,” on the elections of 1784, 171.

Kainardji, Treaty of, 375, 486, 487, 532, 631.

Кауниц, принц, австрийский канцлер, 300, 483, 491, 523, 524, 533, 534, 574 прим., 592, 601, 614, 620, 625, 629.

Kazeneck, Count, Austrian envoy in London, 315.

Keene, Charles, British Ambassador at Stockholm, 493, 494, 498 n., 499 n.

Keith, Sir Robert Murray, British Ambassador at Vienna, 300, 366, 389, 482, 491 n., 524, 527, 618, 620.

Kenyon, Lloyd, Baron, Attorney-General, 157, 158;

Master of the Rolls, 231.

Keppel, Admiral (Viscount), First Lord of the Admiralty, 102, 111, 112, 114;

resigns, 116;

opposes Shelburne, 119;

again at the Admiralty, 129;

opposes Reform, 132.

Kielmansegge, Count von, on English etiquette, 16.

Kinburn, siege of, 490.

Kingsbergen, Admiral, on the value of Oczakoff, 603, 604.

“King’s Friends,” the, 8, 77, 130.

Knobelsdorff, Baron von, 528 n.

Lafayette, Marquis de, Pitt meets him in Paris, 139, 140;

and the Duke of Orleans, 547 n., 548.

Lageard, Abbé de, 138.

Lambton, John, M.P., 611.

Лансдаун, маркиз. См. Шелберн, лорд.

La Pérouse, French expedition to New South Wales under, 440.

Laudon, Marshal, 525.

League of the Armed Neutrality, the, 79.

Lee, Colonel, 396.

Лидс, герцог. См. Кармартен, маркиз.

Leghorn, 319.

Lennox, Lord, 90.

Leopold II, Emperor, his accession and character, 518, 519;

makes overtures to Frederick William II, 523;

his policy, 525, 527;

threatens the Netherlands, 525, 527, 533, 534;

agrees to the Reichenbach Convention (1790), 528–30, 591, 592;

agrees to the Hague Convention, 534, 535, but refuses to ratify it, 535;

his treacherous conduct, 592, 599, 600, 614, 619, 620;

pro-Russian policy, 601, 620;

makes peace with Turkey, 625.

Lewisham, Viscount, 146.

Lexington, skirmish at, 57.

Liége, rising in, 512, 514.

Lille, negotiations at, 476, 477.

Lindsay, William, secretary to the embassy at St. Petersburg, 623.

Liston, Robert, British envoy at Stockholm, 531, 532, 566, 600, 621.

Ливерпуль, граф. См. Дженкинсон, Чарльз.

Locke, John, 322, 539.

Loménie de Brienne, Archbishop, 373 n.

Лондон, нравы, 17–19;

pleasure resorts, 18, 19;

boundaries in 1780, 19, 20;

growth of suburbs, 20;

decline of clubs, 20;

the elections of 1782, 27.

London, City of, device of the Corporation for fining Nonconformists, 213.

Long, Charles (afterwards Lord Farnborough), 58.

Лонсдейл, лорд. См. Лоутер, сэр Джеймс.

Loo, Provisional Treaty of (1788), 389.

Lothian, Marquis of, goes over to the Prince of Wales, 424.

Lotteries, State, 180.

Loughborough, Lord (Alexander Wedderburn), 129, 245, 369 n., 472;

betrayed by Thurlow, 408, 420, 421, 428.

Louis XVI, of France, 139, 140, 297, 310, 324;

his influence for peace, 356, 373 n.;

his study of geography, 436;

at the beginning of the Revolution, 537, 540, 541, 545, 552, 571;

captured at Varennes, 625, 628.

Lowther, Sir James (afterwards Lord Lonsdale), 58;

offers Pitt a seat at Appleby, 74.

Loyalists, American, their position after the peace, 120, 121, 136, 436, 437, 440, 441;

condition of those settled in Great Britain, 443, 444;

compensation voted, 445;

settlement in Canada, 446–8, 453;

called “United Empire Loyalists,” 446, 447.

Lucchesini, Marchese di, Prussian envoy at Warsaw, 522, 619, 620.

Luddite riots, the, 30.

Lusi, Count, Prussian ambassador in London, 314, 365.

Luttrell, Colonel, opposes Reform, 131.

Люцерн, маркиз де, французский посол в Лондоне, 541–543.

Lymburner, Mr., drafts petition against the Canada Bill, 450, 451.

Lynedoch, Lord, 16.

Macaulay, Lord, his education, 42, 43;

his “Warren Hastings” criticized, 236, 238;

his anecdote of Pitt and Dundas, 279.

Macaulay, Zachary, 455;

governor of Sierra Leone, 473.

Macqueen of Braxfield, Lord Justice Clerk, his address to the jury quoted, 15, 16.

Maestricht, Joseph II lays claim to, 298, 310, 316.

Magistrates, powers of, 14, 15.

Махон, лорд. См. Стэнхоуп, граф.

Mahratta wars, 225, 230.

Мамсбери, лорд. См. Харрис, сэр Джеймс.

Manchester, deputation from, against war with Russia, 614, 621.

Manifest Act, the (1786), 185.

Mansfield, Lord Chief Justice, 22, 213, 456;

Pitt attracts his notice, 73;

defeated at Cambridge, 171;

supports Hastings, 228.

Marie Antoinette, 139, 140, 297, 324, 346;

supports the alliance with Austria, 298, 310, 375, 382;

her caprice, 540, 541, 546;

her intrigues against England, 552, 620;

captured at Varennes, 625, 628.

Marsham, Charles (afterwards Lord Romney), 91, 550.

Martin, Sir T. Byam, 210.

Martinez, Captain, seizes British ships at Nootka, 564, 565, 573.

Maseres, Baron, 192.

Mason, Canon, 169, 171.

Matra, James Maria, his scheme for colonizing Botany Bay, 436–9, 441.

Meares, John, founds a settlement at Nootka, 563;

his ships seized by the Spaniards, 564;

his “Memorial,” 565, 566.

Mechanical inventions, 2, 3, 28, 29.

Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Duke of, 516 n.

Meeke, Rev. Francis, Pitt’s letters to, 89.

Мелвилл, лорд. См. Дандас, Генри.

Mercy d’Argenteau, Count, Austrian envoy at The Hague, 534.

Merry, Antony, British chargé-d’affaires at Madrid, 565, 566, 573.

Methuen Treaty (1703), 23, 337.

Mexico, the Spanish Viceroy of, 563, 564, 573.

Middleton, Sir Charles (afterwards Lord Barham), Secretary to the Admiralty, 210, 439, 473;

resigns, 567.

Middleton, Lady, 457.

Miles, William Augustus, diplomatic agent in Holland, 379;

in Paris, 576 n., 578, 579, 581, 583.

Milner, Dr., Dean of Carlisle, 473.

Minorca, loss of, 79, 105, 116, 120, 121;

offered to Catharine II, 299.

Минто, граф. См. Эллиот, сэр Гилберт.

Miquelon, ceded to France, 116.

Mirabeau, Count, 466, 571;

предлагает союз с Испанией против Англии, 576–578;

his relations with Hugh Elliot, 579–81, 583.

Miranda, General Francesco A. G., his dealings with Pitt, 569.

Mitford, John (afterwards Lord Redesdale), 72.

Mogul, the Great, Hastings seeks an alliance with, 221, 230.

Moira, Earl of (Lord Rawdon), 429.

Moldavia, coveted by Austria, 385, 387, 481, 505, 507, 511, 525.

Möllendorf, General, 529, 609.

Monson, George, his intrigues against Hastings, 222, 224.

Montagu, Frederick, 145.

Montagu, Lord, Governor of the Prince of Wales, 104.

Montesquieu, Baron de, on the English constitution, 10;

on aristocracy, 13;

his “Esprit des Lois,” 60, 322, 539.

Montmorin, Comte de, French Foreign Minister, his Dutch policy, 359, 362, 363, 365, 369–73, 376–8, 380–2;

rejects Prussian overtures, 367, 382;

on the Slave Trade, 460;

opposed to the partition of Turkey, 485, 491;

his suspicions of England, 542, 575, 576, 577, 581.

Montserrat, ceded to Great Britain, 116, 121.

Moore, Colonel (afterwards Sir John), 479.

Мур, преосвященнейший Джон, Кентерберийский архиепископ, к которому Питт обращался за консультацией по вопросу об отмене Законов о корпорациях и испытаниях, 215;

on the Slave Trade, 471.

Moore, Thomas, anecdote in his Diary, 50.

More, Hannah, 473.

Morgan, William, his “Memoir of R. Price” quoted, 190, 191.

Мориц, К. П., об английском обществе, 17–19;

on the elections of 1782, 27.

“Morning Chronicle,” the, 255.

Mornington, Earl of (afterwards Marquis Wellesley), 105, 255.

Mosquito Coast, 310.

Mulgrave, Lord, opposes Reform, 131;

votes against the impeachment of Warren Hastings, 234, 235.

Muncaster, Lord, 473.

Münster, Treaty of (1648), 298.

Napier, Sir William, anecdote of, 272.

Napoleon Bonaparte, 305 and n., 306, 382.

National Debt, the, in 1780, 5;

growth of during the American War, 28, 321;

in 1783, 179;

the unfunded debt, 181;

reduced by the operation of the Sinking Fund, 195, 405.

“Nautilus,” H.M.S., voyage of, 435, 438.

Navigation Acts, the, 181, 254, 260, 261, 263.

Navy, the, reorganized by Pitt, 210, 211, 377, 381, 405, 567.

Necker, Jacques, desires the marriage of Pitt with his daughter, 140, 141;

on the National Debt of England and France, 179;

a friend of Reform, 324, 344;

his return to power, 405, 460, 462, 537, 542;

appeals to Pitt to sanction the export of flour, 543, 544.

Negapatam, ceded to Great Britain, 116, 136, 306, 383.

Nepean, Evan, Under-Secretary for Home Affairs, 436 n., 439.

Нидерланды, Бельгийские. См. Бельгийские провинции.

Нидерланды, Голландские. См. Соединенные Провинции.

Nevis, ceded to Great Britain, 116, 121.

Новый Южный Уэльс, колонизация, 436–443;

French expedition forestalled by the English, 440.

Newton, Rev. John, 473.

New Zealand, flax growing in, 436, 437, 439.

Noel, Sir Gerald, 91.

Nolcken, Baron, Swedish ambassador in London, 593.

нонконформисты, положение, 213–215.

конфликт из-за Нутка-Саунд, 562–588.

Norris, Robert, his evidence on the Slave Trade, 456.

North, Colonel, 146, 214.

North, Frederick, Lord, his administration, 8, 9, 61, 70, 74;

his character, 78, 79;

praises Pitt’s maiden speech, 85;

his despair on hearing of Yorktown, 100;

defeated in the House, 102;

resigns, 103;

his alliance with Fox, 117;

speech on the peace, 120;

congratulates Pitt on his speech, 122;

the Coalition Ministry, 128;

opposes Pitt’s Reform proposals, 131;

dismissed from office, 148;

his dishonest finance, 180, 181;

opposes Pitt’s Reform Bill (1785), 202;

opposes repeal of the Corporation and Test Acts, 214;

his Irish proposals (1778), 244;

anecdote of, 273.

Northington, Lord, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 129.

Northumberland, Duke of, 429.

Nova Scotia, settlement of American Loyalists in, 446.

Nystadt, Peace of, 526.

Oczakoff, fortress of, 490;

captured by the Russians, 494, 502, 503, 505;

question of restoring it, 585, 591, 597, 598, 611, 615, 622;

его значение для России, 603–606.

Oginski, Count, Polish Minister at The Hague, his mission to London, 594, 596.

O’Hara, General, Commander at Gibraltar, and Prince Edward, 549 n.

Opium monopoly, the, 144.

Оранский, принц. См. Вильгельм V.

Orange, Wilhelmina, Princess of, 308–10, 349, 351, 354, 359;

sets out from Nymeguento The Hague, 361;

остановлен Вольными отрядами и вынужден вернуться, 362–364;

король Пруссии требует сатисфакции, 363–365, 370–372.

Орд, Томас (впоследствии лорд Болтон), главный секретарь по делам Ирландии, 155, 157, 209, 247, 248, 250–253, 257, 265, 266.

Orleans, Philippe Egalité, Duke of, 322;

his mission to London, 514, 547, 548.

Orwell Park, Gainsborough portraits at, 38;

Pitt’s books preserved there, 54 n., 94.

Ostend, proposal to hand it over to England, 513.

Ostermann, Russian Vice-Chancellor, 598, 626.

Oude, Hastings lets out East India Company’s troops to the Rajah of, 225;

the affair of the Begums of, 225, 239, 240.

Paley, William, 455.

Papendiek, Mrs., 407.

Парламент:

House of Commons, proposals for Reform, 7, 70, 71, 83, 84, 109, 130, 131, 178, 197–207;

dominated by the King, 9;

power of the Nobles over, 10, 11;

property qualification for members, 14;

apathy of, 69, 78;

corruption, 70, 71;

elections of 1780, 74, 75;

выборы 1784 года, 169–173;

growth in power of the Cabinet, 176;

disfranchisement of corrupt boroughs, 198;

resignation of Ministry after defeat unnecessary, 204, 205, 212;

elections of 1790, 466.

House of Lords, 14.

Passarowitz, Peace of (1718), 481, 525, 526.

Patriotic Fund, the, 288.

Патронаж. См. «Влияние».

Payne, Jack, Comptroller of the Household to the Prince of Wales, 403, 408.

Южные Нидерланды (Pays Bas). См. Бельгийские провинции.

Peerages, creation of, 11, 91;

the King refuses to grant any for the Coalition, 129, 137, 208;

Pitt’s creations, 209.

Peers, the, power of (1780), 10;

their numbers and character, 13, 14.

Pelham, Henry, reduction of tea-duty by (1745), 183.

Штрафные поселения. См. Поселения ссыльных.

Perez, Captain, his voyage to Nootka Sound, 564.

Petty, Lord Henry, Chancellor of the Exchequer, on the Sinking Fund, 194.

Philanthropy, growth of, 22;

in France and England, 322, 456.

Phillip, Captain, Governor of Botany Bay, 440.

Pigot, Admiral, 403.

Pitt, Christopher, translator of Virgil, 36.

Pitt, Harriet, 46;

her marriage, 58;

her death, 289.

Питт, Джон, 2-й граф Чатем. См. Чатем.

Pitt, Thomas, Governor of Madras, 36.

Pitt, Thomas, of Boccanoc (Lord Camelford), 70;

opposes Pitt’s reform proposals, 108;

suggested as Prime Minister, 126;

supports Pitt’s new proposals of reform, 131;

made Lord Camelford, 159.

Питт, Уильям. См. Чатем, граф.

Питт, Уильям Младший, состояние дел в начале его карьеры, 1–33;

his reluctance in granting titles, 11;

typical of his age, 32, 33;

его рождение и происхождение, 34–38;

his devotion to his parents, 39;

correspondence with his mother, 39;

outshines his elder brother, 40;

designed for Parliament, 41;

his precarious health, 41, 42, 49;

his education, 42, 43;

early letters, 44, 45, 47;

his first poem, 46;

produces a play, 47, 48;

goes to Cambridge, 49, 50;

serious illness, 50;

его учеба и жизнь в Кембридже, 53–62;

malicious story of his classical tags, 54, 94;

interest in politics, 57;