similar controversy under the treaty of 1783, 88;
origin of the colony of Sierra Leone, 88;
subject referred to the Emperor Alexander, 88;
arbitrament disputed, 88;
payment made, 88;
statement of the case, 88;
the reference, 89;
views, 89;
the third treaty, 89;
the payment, 90;
the example, 90;
question of restitution arising under the Revolutionary war, 90;
number carried off, 90;
the commissioners at Ghent, 91;
French spoliation claim, 91;
contrast with the claim for deported slaves, 91;
proof that Northern men will do justice to the South, 91.
Slavery, effect of its existence or non-existence on different States.—"The ghost of the Missouri question, 136;
the line drawn between the free State of Ohio and the slave State of Kentucky, 136;
views of leading men North and South indisputably the same in the earlier periods of our government, 136;
the sublime morality of those who cannot bear the abstract contemplation of slavery a thousand miles off, 136;
the morality of the primitive Christians," 136;
conduct of the Free States at the first introduction of the slavery topic into Congress, 137;
further remarks, 138.
Slavery in the District of Columbia, Abolition of.—Memorial of Society of Friends in Pennsylvania, 576;
source whence the memorial emanated, 576;
previous proceedings on these memorials, 576;
motion to reject when presented for reception, 576;
this point the origin of a long and acrimonious war in the two Houses of Congress, 576;
reception and condemnation would quiet the question, 576;
moved to postpone, 577;
remarks of Senator Benton, 577;
"character of the petitioners, 577;
the abolitionists, 577;
publications and prints, 577;
intended to inflame the passions of slaves, 577;
cause of the massacre of San Domingo, 577;
course of the French society, 578;
the conspiracy in Louisiana, 578;
these societies had already perpetrated more mischief than the joint remainder of all their lives spent in prayers of contrition and works of retribution, could ever atone for, 578;
the conduct of the great body of the people in the free States, 579;
object is to give that vote which will have the greatest effect in putting down these societies, 579;
past action of the Senate," 579.
Slavery agitation.—
Tune of its rise, 5;
unceasing efforts to alarm the South by imputations against the North, of unconstitutional designs on the subject of slavery, 609;
letter of Mr. Madison to Mr. Clay, 609;
letter to Edward Coles, 609;
nullification in a new disguise, 609;
publications to alarm the South, 610;
the "Crisis," 610;
the subject of a Southern Convention, 610;
the conduct of Mr. Calhoun, 610;
petitions for the abolition of slavery in the district of Columbia, 611;
Calhoun's remarks, 611;
extreme ground taken, 611;
his doctrine, 611;
reply of Mr. Morris, 612;
Bedford Brown in reply to Mr. Calhoun, 612;
King charges upon the remarks of Calhoun the effect of increasing the slavery agitation, 613;
Calhoun, in reply, charges that any other course will divide and distract the South, 614;
remarks of Mr. Hill relative to the views of Northern States, 614;
petitions in the House, 615;
remarks of Mr. Franklin Pierce, 615;
course of the Telegraph newspaper, 615;
the Herald of Freedom newspaper, 616;
Calhoun sends a paper to the Clerk's desk to be read, containing an attack upon a member of the other House, 616;
apology by the presiding officer for permitting it to be read, 616;
remarks of Mr. Benton at the request, and in defence of Mr. Pierce, 617;
the statement of Mr. Calhoun involved him in the solecism of sending forth incendiary publications through the action of the Senate, 617;
remarks of Mr. Benton on this point, 617;
remarks of Mr. King on the strange scene of Southern Senators attacking their Northern friends because they defended the South, 617;
increase of abolitionism denied, 618;
treatment of George Thompson, 618;
further statements, 619;
remarks of Mr. Webster, 619;
refusal of Mr. Calhoun to vote on the motion to reject the prayer of petitioners, 619;
his remarks, 619;
an unjustifiable assumption, 620;
memorial of the Society of Friends, 620;
further remarks, 620.
Action of the House on abolition petitions, 621;
resolution presented by Mr. Pinkney, 621;
votes, 621;
committee ordered and report, 621;
report adopted, 621;
remarks of Mr. J. Q. Adams on the reception of these petitions, 622;
action of early Congresses on this subject, 623;
Madison on abolition petitions, 623;
his consistent course, 623;
South, the point of danger from slavery agitation, 623.
Sloan, John, Representative from Ohio, 7.
Smith, Bernard, Representative from New Jersey, 9;
votes for the admission of Missouri, 9.
Smith, Samuel, Representative from Maryland, 7;
on the committee to whom was referred the application of Missouri, 9;
for Van Buren as Minister to England, 216;
on the British West India Trade, 125;
on the expenses of government, 230;
on the protective policy, 268;
on the compromise tariff bill, 315, 327.
Smith, William, Senator from South Carolina, 7;
Judge, 7;
votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8;
moves to be excused from voting on the measure for the relief of public land debtors, as he was one, 12;
excuse refused, 12.
Smythe, Alexander, Representative from Virginia, 7.
Southard, Samuel L., Senator from New Jersey, 7;
Secretary of the Navy, 55;
on the Expunging resolution, 528;
on the independence of Texas, 669.
Speakers in the House in favor of protection, 32;
ditto against, 33.
Specie Circular.—
Its issue marked the firmness, foresight, and decision of General Jackson, 676;
its purport, 676;
extent of the land sales, 677;
remarks on the evil which required the specie circular, 677;
benefits of suppressing it, 677;
a view of the actual condition of the paper currency, 678;
bill which was the basis of the remarks rejected, 678;
President decides to issue the order, 678.
Resolution to rescind the Treasury Circular offered, 694;
remarks of Senator Ewing, 694;
origin of the order, 695;
its legality, 695;
remarks of Senator Benton, 695;
a little panic, 695;
letter of Mr. Biddle, 696;
Clay's speech at Lexington, 696;
illegality of the treasury order examined, 696;
the new distress, 697;
Mr. Biddle's description of it, 697;
movement to produce a general suspension of specie payments, 697;
remarks of Senator Benton, 697;
reply of Senator Crittenden, 698;
ditto of Senator Webster, 699;
other speakers, 700;
subject referred, 700;
report, 700;
action of the Senate, 700;
cause of Mr. Benton's speech, 700;
his speech on the proceedings, 701, 702;
explosion of the banks foretold, 708;
reply of Senator Walker to Benton, 708, 704;
Mr. Calhoun's reason for not voting on the recision bill, 706;
bill passed in the Senate, 706;
amendment of the House, 706;
lost, 706;
veto, 706.
Stevenson, Andrew, chosen Speaker, 121;
elected Speaker, 209;
chosen Speaker of the House, 371.
Stores, Henry R., Representative from New York, 7.
Stokes, Montfort, Senator from North Carolina, 7;
Governor, 7;
votes for the Missouri Compromise, 8.
Story, Joseph, Justice of Supreme Court, 7.
Supreme Court, its Judges and officers, 731.
Swift, Benjamin, opposes the admission of Arkansas, 627.
T
Taney, Roger B., Attorney General, 181;
nomination as Secretary of the Treasury sent in near close of the session, 470;
immediately rejected, 470;
resigns, 470;
appointed Chief Justice, 731;
vote in the Senate, 731.
Tariff and American System.—
Beginning of the question, 32;
protection looked for among the incidental powers, 32;
the design was to make protection the object, and revenue the incident, 32;
revision of the tariff proposed, 32;
public distress the leading argument for the new tariff, 32;
remarks of Mr. Clay, 32.
"Public distress of the whole country the most prominent object of attention, 32;
its evidences, 32;
its extent, 32;
a truthful picture," 32.
Other speakers, 32, the distress disputed, 33;
its cause the paper system, 33;
no necessity for protection, 33;
Webster's remarks, 33;
other speakers in opposition, 33;
passage of the bill in the House, 34;
closeness of the vote, 34;
moved to refer to finance committees in the Senate, 34;
lost, 34;
referred to committee on manufactures, 34;
passed the Senate, 34;
increase of revenue a motive with some friends of the bill, 34;
views of the candidates for the Presidency, 34;
position of various States on the bill, 34.
Revision of.—
Date of a serious division between the North and South, 95;
the work of politicians and manufacturers, 95;
productions of different States favored by additional duties on their rival imports, 95;
remarks, 95;
"in vain that it is called the American system, 95;
as a tax for the support of Government, it is to be supported; if for any other purpose, it is to be reprobated, 95;
the surrender of individual opinion to the interest of the State," 95;
the bill contained a vicious principle, 95;
the tariff an issue in the Presidential contest, 96;
manufacturers warned not to mingle their interests in politics, 96;
change of policy in the New England States, 96;
"she held back, 96;
denounced, 96;
the present measure called a New England one, 96;
tone of those who administered the Government," 96;
the question now both political and sectional, 97;
the duty on indigo, 97;
remarks on the motion, 97;
"history of its production, 97;
reasons for encouraging its home production, 98;
reasons for a unanimous vote, 98;
burdens imposed by every tariff on Virginia and the Carolinas," 99;
"object to make the bill consistent, though opposed to the principle, 99;
no boon asked for the South, 99;
capacity of the country to produce it, 100;"
motion lost, 100;
a nominal duty imposed, 100;
this regarded as an insult by the South, 100;
Southern views of the bill, 100;
scheme of this Tariff, where conceived, 101;
the bill a regular appendage of presidential elections, 101;
change between the prosperity of the North and the South, 101;
cause to which attributed, 101;
its justice, 101;
feeling of the mass of democratic members, 102.
Reduction of Duties.—
A certain amount reduced, at the previous session, 308;
a step in the right direction, 308;
further reduction expected, 308;
Verplanck's bill, 308;
the financial history of the country since the late war, 309;
a satisfactory statement, 309;
carrying back the protective system to the year of its commencement, 309;
abundant protection to real manufacturers, 309;
bound to be satisfactory to the South Carolina school, 309;
bill lingered in the House under interminable debates on systems and theories, 309;
suddenly knocked over by a new bill, 309;
moved to strike out all after the enacting clause, and to insert a new bill, called the compromise, 309;
delay asked for by Northern members, 310;
remarks, 310;
"one short hour ago collecting our papers to go home, 310;
a new bill, proposed, and the cry of 'question' raised, 310;
hasty legislation deprecated in matters of great importance, 310;
this matter assumes an imposing attitude, 310;
a bill to tranquillize feelings, 310;
it is said the next Congress will be hostile to the tariff, 311;
the discontent has a deeper seat than the tariff," 311;
the seductive and treacherous nature of compromise legislation, 311;
bill passed at once, 311;
a bill without precedent in the annals of legislation, 312;
the manner of proceeding, 312;
the degree to which it was a compromise, 312;
list of the voters, 312.
Clay asks leave to introduce a bill called a "compromise measure," 313;
remarks, 313;
"two great objects in view, 314;
the first object looks at the tariff, 313;
it stands in imminent danger, 313;
it must fall at the next session, 313;
be productive of calamitous consequences, 313;
can be placed on a better foundation now, than at the next session, 313;
the majority of the dominant party is adverse to the tariff, 313;
the father of the system charged with its unnatural abandonment, 313;
a wish to separate it from politics," 314;
the principle of the bill a series of annual reductions of one-tenth per cent., &c., 314;
other features of the bill, 314;
remarks on the number of years the protective policy has to run, and the guaranties for its abandonment, 314;
a stipulation to continue nine years, and no guarantee for its abandonment, 314;
moral guarantees, 314;
"this project has not the elements of success, 315;
a violation of the constitution, as the Senate have no power to originate a revenue bill, 315;
after they are defeated, and can no longer maintain a conflict, they come to make the best bargain they can, 315;
the tariff is in its last gasp, 315;
what has the tariff led us to already? 315;
what evidence that the manufacturers will not come at the end of the time, and ask more protection than ever," 315;
"a measure for harmony, 315;
the unhappy divisions of North and South attributable to this bill, 315;
further remarks," 315;
fallibility of political opinions, 316;
Clay's views, 316;
Calhoun's views, 316;
Clay's determination relative to a reaction, 316;
manner in which the bill was received by the public, 316;
Niles' Register, 316;
conclusions of the manufacturers, 316;
position of Webster, 316;
not consulted on the subject, 316;
"the bill a well-understood surrender of the power of discrimination, or a stipulation not to use that power for a certain period, 317;
if the tariff is in danger, it is because the people will not sanction it, 317;
resolutions relative to the bill," 317.
Probable reasons for Webster's exclusion from all knowledge of the compromise bill, 318;
coincidence of his views with those of General Jackson, 318;
a reduction of the tariff to a stable condition frustrated by the compromise bill, 318;
objections urged against the bill, 318;
attitude of South Carolina surmounted the objections, 318;
would remove all cause of discontent from her, 318;
House bill introduced during the discussion on the question of leave, 319;
ditto passed, 319;
share of the manufacturing states in this compromise, 319;
an incident showing that "measures may be passed on other reasons than their merits, 319;
remarks, 319;
"an extraordinary augmentation of duties in a bill which was to reduce duties, 319;
two or three little factories in Connecticut must be protected, 319;
contrary to the whole tenor and policy of the bill, 320;
a view of the circumstances which had attended the duties on these woollens," 320.
Another incident—the character of protection openly claimed for this bill, 320;
remarks of various Senators on this point, 321;
silence of Calhoun on this point, 321.
The constitutionality of originating this bill in the Senate, 321;
purely a question of privilege, and the decision of it belonged alone to the other House, 321;
no Committee of Ways and Means in the Senate, 321;
it is not the less a money bill turn its object being protection, 321;
amendment proposed relative to the drawback on manufactured imports, 321;
instance refined sugar, 322;
lost, 322;
carried, so far as relates to sugar, in after years, 322.
Motion to substitute home valuations for foreign or imported goods, 322;
strenuously opposed by Calhoun, 322;
insisted upon by friends of the bill, 322;
moved to lay the bill on the table, 322;
adjournment moved and carried, 322;
Calhoun recedes, 322;
the conditions, 322;
their fallacy, 323;
debate on this point, 323;
"a home valuation deemed necessary by the friends of the protective system, 323;
believed that after nine years most of the manufacturers will be sufficiently grown to protect themselves under a twenty-five per cent. duty, 323;
it would be an increase of duties, 323;
essentially necessary in order to prevent and detect frauds, 323;
it will be an entering wedge for future measures, 323;
for the sake of conciliation, the bill is brought forward, 324;
the objections to the motion insurmountable, 324;
the bill will save South Carolina from herself, 324;
you cannot have the fair twenty per cent. without adopting the principle of home valuation, 325;
the unequal operation of the home valuation, 325;
not possible to maintain our institutions and our liberties under the continuance of this controversy, 326;
proposed to lay the bill on the table, 326;
further debate, 327;
motion withdrawn, 327;
amendment moved, 327;
adjournment moved, 327;
carried, 327;
amendment that no valuation be adopted which will operate unequally in different parts of the Union considered, 327;
requirement of the constitution, 327;
merchant put to great inconvenience, 327;
the bill is declared to be permanent, 327;
home valuation impracticable and unprecedented, and unknown in any legislation, 328;
without the assurance that the principle will not be disturbed, bill should be opposed, 329;
home valuation tending to a violation at the constitution, 329;
injurious and almost fatal to the Southern ports, 329;
create great additional expense, 329;
an increase of duties in a new form, 329;
the fate of the bill depends on the fate of the amendment, 329;
two conditions of the vote of Mr. Calhoun, 329;
amendment fixing a home valuation adopted," 330;
a new principle thus adopted at the expense of the constitution, 330.
Compromise, secret history of.—
Calhoun and Clay rival candidates for the Presidency, 342;
leaders in opposite political systems, 342;
cause of their friendship, 342;
rupture, 342;
a question between them, which had the upper hand of the other, 342;
Letcher conceives the idea of a compromise to release South Carolina from her position, 342;
determination of Jackson to arrest Calhoun for high treason, 343;
conferences, 343;
agreement with the manufacturers, 343;
action of Mr. Clayton, 343;
amendments which were agreed to, 343;
manner of the passage of the home valuation amendment, 344;
Calhoun's remarks, 344;
his vote, 344;
John M. Clayton master of both, 344.
Act of 1833.—
Compromises, 344;
act of 1833 a breach of all the rules and principles of legislation, 345;
a conception of rival politicians who had failed in the game of agitation, and threw it up for the game of pacification, 345;
how could this measure be effected in a country so vast and intelligent, 345;
Benton's view of the compromise, 346;
vices of the act, 346;
mischiefs done to the frame of the government, 347.
See Protective System.
Tatnall, Col., on the treaty with the Creeks, 64;
second to Randolph in the duel with Clay, 72.
Taylor, John W., Representative from New York, 7;
Speaker, 7;
votes for the Missouri compromise, 8.