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428

Columbia, treaties with Chili, Mexico, Peru, and Central America,

147

Colorado River,

291

Columbia, South Carolina, convention of 1827,

159 ,

160

Columbia River,

123 ;

sources discovered,

312 ,

314 ,

316 ,

318 ,

324 ,

325

Committee on Commerce of the House of Representatives,

185

Committee on District of Columbia of House of Representatives,

252 ,

253 ,

254 ,

257

Committee on the District of Columbia of the Senate,

253

Committee on Finance of the Senate,

198 ,

199

Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives,

321

Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate,

150 ,

295 ,

308 ,

322

Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives,

232 ,

235 ,

369

Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate,

82 ,

83 ,

84 ,

87 ,

232 ,

233 ,

341 ,

343 ,

349 ,

363 ,

371 ,

372

Committee on Manufactures of the House of Representatives,

110 ,

112 ,

158 ,

160 ,

172 ,

174 ,

175 ,

184 ,

185

Committee on Manufactures of the Senate,

188

Committee on Territories of the House of Representatives,

340 ,

382 ,

400 ,

401

Committee on Territories of the Senate,

349 ,

363 ,

382 ,

401

Committee on Ways and Means of the House of Representatives,

9 ,

10 ,

110 ,

172 ,

174 ,

185 ,

198 ,

231 ,

351

Compromise Measures of 1850,

in Fillmore's message,

368 ,

369 ;

in Fillmore's message of December 2, 1851,

374 ;

memorials on finality,

375 ;

Democratic platform of 1852,

376 ;

Whig platform of 1852,

376 ;

unity of Whig party imperilled,

376 ,

377 ;

effect of election of 1852,

377 ;

situation in December, 1852,

381 ;

the Howe-Giddings colloquy,

381 ,

382 ;

interpretation of the compromise,

382 ;

the Douglas report on Nebraska,

383-387 ;

dictum of the committee,

387 ;

claim of Dixon,

388 ;

as to Kansas-Nebraska bill,

389 ;

dictum of Douglas,

390 ;

the amendment of Chase,

391 ;

the amendment of Douglas,

392 ;

views of Everett,

392 ,

393 ( see

Kansas , Territory of, and

Nebraska , Territory of);

effect of acquiescence,

403

Concord, New Hampshire,

191

Confederation of Spanish-American States,

plan initiated,

147 ;

proposed congress and relations of United States,

147 et seq.

Congress of the Confederation,

lack of power over slavery,

48 ;

passed Ordinance of 1787,

48 ;

power in the case,

Congress, Continental, forbids importation of slaves,

Congress of the United States,

Acts of the Fourteenth,

1 ,

2 ;

Congress of 1801 and 1815,

3 ;

power over Bank,

4 ,

5 ;

early action on tariff,

8 ;

meeting in December, 1815,

9 ;

vote as to tariff,

9 ;

acts of the Fourteenth,

12-14 ;

discussion of its powers by Calhoun,

13 ,

14 ;

powers discussed by Monroe,

15 ;

pay of members,

16 ;

passage of internal improvements bill,

16 ;

acts as to Florida,

24 ,

25 ;

acts of 1811 as to Florida,

30 ;

limitation as to slavery,

50 ;

abolition of slave trade,

51 ;

division of Louisiana territory,

55 ,

56 ;

power over Territories,

63 ;

power to erect Commonwealths,

64 ;

attitude to slavery,

65 ;

debate on powers of Congress,

67 et seq.;

annals of,

74 ;

powers discussed by Taylor,

79 ,

80 , and by Holmes,

80 ,

81 , and by McLane,

81 ,

82 ;

Pinckney's argument on powers of,

84-87 ;

conference committee on Missouri,

88 ,

89 ;

interpretation of Act of Congress,

89 ;

significance of the Compromise,

90-95 ;

powers considered by Lowndes,

96 ;

Sergeant on power of creating Commonwealths,

96 ,

97 ;

course of Congress considered,

97 ,

98 ;

oath of members,

98 ;

second conference committee on Missouri,

101-103 ;

significance of the compromise,

104 ;

doctrine of its control of commerce,

110 ;

conference committee on tariff,

114 ,

115 ;

early practice as to internal improvements,

116 ,

117 ;

vote on internal improvements bill of 1822,

118 ;

Monroe on the powers of,

120 ,

121 ;

power over expenditures,

121 ;

act of April 30, 1824,

122 ;

inaction upon "Monroe Doctrine,"

128 ;

Calhoun a member of,

133 ;

joint session for count of electoral votes,

141 ,

142 ;

as to power over roads,

155 ;

Act of April 30, 1824,

155 ,

156 ;

memorials to,

158 ;

attitude of South Carolina to,

159 et seq.;

passes Maysville Road bill,

167 ;

appropriations for internal improvements,

169 ;

as to powers of,

170 ;

attitude to tariff,

178 ;

Calhoun's attitude to,

179 ;

control of courts by,

180 ;

President's message before,

184 ;

conference committee on tariff,

188 ;

attitude to the planters,

189 ;

decision on Bank Act of,

195 ;

relation to President as to legislation,

206 ,

207 ;

as a nominating body,

208 ;

failure to override Jackson's veto,

209 ;

inaction as to Indian problem,

215 ;

Jackson's message to,

216 ;

ten years' struggle of South in,

221 ;

its acts nullified,

222 ;

Jackson's messages on South Carolina,

231 ,

232 ;

abolition petitions to,

251 ,

252 ;

abolition petitions before,

253 ;

recommendations of Jackson,

272 ,

273 ;

argument as to power over mails,

273 et seq.;

conflict with President over Bank,

279 et seq.;

passage of Independent Treasury bill,

285 ,

286 ;

erection of new Commonwealths,

290 ;

President's message on Texas,

298 ;

action of Congress,

298-300 ;

effect of its action,

300 ;

address of certain Whig members,

303 ;

message of Tyler to,

305 ;

affairs of Texas,

306 et seq.;

Tyler's message of December, 1844,

320 ,

321 ;

competency as to matters of treaty,

322 ;

Polk's message on Oregon,

324 ;

action as to Oregon,

325 ,

326 ;

power over Texan boundary,

328 ;

Act as to Corpus Christi,

329-331 ;

Polk's message on Mexican War,

330 ;

action on war,

331 ;

Polk's message to, August 8, 1846,

334 ;

consent to acquisition of California and New Mexico,

337 ;

Polk's message on Trist,

338 ;

as to attitude to Missouri Compromise,

341 ;

special message on Oregon,

344 ;

discussion of powers of,

344 ;

Cass on policy of,

345 ;

special message of July 6, 1848, to,

345 ,

346 ;

as to power in Territories,

347 ;

attitude to slavery,

348 ;

Taylor's message of December 4, 1849,

353 ,

354 ;

action on new Territories,

353 et seq.;

Fillmore's message of August 6, 1850,

362 ;

completion of compromise measure,

363 ,

364 ;

Fillmore's message of December, 1850,

368 ;

petitions on fugitive slave law,

369 ;

Fillmore's message of December 2, 1851,

374 ;

Fillmore's message of December 6, 1852,

380 ;

action on organization of Kansas and Nebraska,

381 et seq.;

Kansas election for delegate to,

416 ,

417 ;

Whitfield in,

418 ;

as to powers in Kansas,

422 ;

memorial from Kansas,

426 ;

Kansas question before,

432 ;

slavery question before,

433 ;

laws of, in Kansas,

464 ;

President's message of February 2, 1858,

469

Connecticut, Commonwealth of,

13 ;

legislation on slavery,

48 ;

in election of 1824,

142 ;

resolution on independence of Texas,

290 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399

Constitution of the Confederation,

48 ;

relation to Ordinance of 1787,

48 ,

Constitution of the United States of America, the,

as to Bank,

5 ;

as cited by Calhoun,

13 ;

as interpreted by Monroe,

17 ;

relative to parties,

17 ,

18 ;

slavery in,

49 ,

50 ;

interpreted with reference to national character of slavery,

59 ;

the control of slavery,

62 ,

65 ;

powers of Congress,

63 ,

64 ;

test of the Tallmadge amendment,

66 et seq.;

Taylor as to powers of Congress,

79 ;

Holmes' speech,

80 ,

81 ;

McLane's argument,

81 ,

limitations on new Commonwealths,

85 ;

as to restriction on Commonwealths,

89 ;

significance of the first Missouri Compromise,

90-95 ;

as cited by Lowndes,

97 ;

cited by Sergeant,

97 ;

extent of its protection,

98 ,

99 ;

second Missouri compromise,

102 ,

103 ;

significance of the compromise,

104 ,

106 ;

as to fourteenth amendment,

105 ;

Taylor's interpretation of,

119 ;

Monroe's interpretation of,

120 ,

121 ;

development of the particularistic interpretation,

122 ;

as construed by Adams, and Clay,

146 ;

as to international status of slavery,

151 ;

amendment proposed,

155 ;

reaction as to interpretation of,

156 ;

as interpreted by Buchanan,

159 ;

amendment suggested by Jackson,

167 ,

168 ;

as interpreted by Taylor,

168 ,

169 ;

as interpreted by McDuffie,

173 ,

174 ;

as interpreted by Calhoun,

178-181 ;

regard for processes of,

181 ;

as interpreted by Calhoun,

183 ;

as to origin of revenue bill,

188 ;

political science of,

192 ,

193 ;

decision as to constitutionality of Bank Act,

195 ;

as construed by Jackson,

199 ;

Jackson on operation of,

205 ,

206 ;

effect of his Bank veto,

207-209 ;

as cited by Jackson,

216 ,

217 ;

the Cherokee nation case,

218 ;

case of Worcester vs. Georgia,

218 ,

219 ;

powers conferred on President by,

220 ;

as interpreted in the Nullification Ordinance,

222 ;

as construed by the nullifiers,

227 ;

as interpreted in Jackson's proclamation,

229 ;

as expounded by Calhoun,

236 ;

as explained by Webster,

237 ;

effect of events of 1832 and 1833 on,

238-241 ;

as to control of civil status,

247 ,

248 ;

attitude of Garrison to,

248 ;

guarantees as to right of petition,

255 ,

256 ;

in Calhoun's argument,

273 ;

provision as to treaties,

305 ;

nature of war according to,

306 ;

as to treaty-making powers,

307 ,

308 ;

as to annexation of Texas,

321 ;

as to procedure on treaties,

324 ;

as interpreted by Rhett,

342 ;

as to Oregon bill,

343 ;

compromises of,

348 ;

as to extension of its effect,

350 ;

amendment suggested by Calhoun,

358 ;

Webster on the,

359 ;

effect of formation of,

366 ;

as to fugitive slaves,

366 ,

367 ;

as interpreted by Fillmore,

370 ;

as interpreted by Butler,

372 ;

as cited by Fillmore,

374 ;

in Douglas's report,

383 ,

392 ;

as viewed by Everett,

393 ;

in Chase's amendment,

394 ;

treason, as defined by,

427 ;

the Dred Scott case,

449 et seq.

Continental Congress. See

Congress , Continental

Contreras, battle of,

334

Convention, Federal Constitutional, of 1787, attitude to slavery,

49 ,

Convention. See

Treaty

Conway, M. F., letter to Governor Reeder,

424

Cooke, P. St. George,

ordered to attack Topeka,

445 ;

refuses to obey,

445

Cooper, James,

on committee of Thirteen,

360 ;

not voting on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

398

Cooper, Thomas,

speech at Columbia,

159 ;

his life and views,

173 ;

his relation to slavery and to McDuffie,

173

Corpus Christi,

made port of delivery,

329 ;

advance of Taylor,

329

Cos, Martin Perfectos de,

attacks Gonzales,

293 ;

driven from Texas,

294

Cotton,

relation to slavery,

52 ,

53 ;

exportation reduced,

Crafts, Ellen, escape,

368

Crafts, William, escape,

368

Cramer, John, motion in House,

254

Crane, A. C., statement as to Dred Scott case,

449,

450

Crawford, William Harris,

relation to Jackson,

34 ,

35 ;

opinion of treaty with Spain,

36 ;

effect of Seminole War,

38 ;

qualifications as presidential candidate in 1824,

132 ,

133 ,

136 ,

141 ;

electoral vote of 1824,

137 ;

relation to Adams' administration,

144-146 ;

relation to Jackson and the Seminole War,

220

Creeks, the,

26 ,

29 ;

Council of 1824,

212 ;

Indian Springs convention,

212 ;

its repudiation,

212 ;

resistance to Georgia,

212 ;

protest to general government,

212 ,

213 ;

controversy as to Creek lands,

213 ,

214 ;

new agreement of 1826 as to lands,

214 ;

agreement repudiated by Georgia,

214

"Crime against Kansas," the, delivered,

439

Cuba,

in the Spanish-American troubles,

152-154 ;

the Ostend manifesto,

408

Cumberland Road,

built,

116 ;

bill of 1822,

118 ;

analysis of vote,

118 ,

119 ;

attitude of East and West,

119 ,

120

Curtis, Benjamin Robbins, opinion on Dred Scott case,

454 ,

457 ,

458

Curtis, George Ticknor,

attitude to fugitive slave law,

368 ;

in Shadrach case,

370 ;

connection with Sims case,

373

Cushing, Caleb, relation to Kansas-Nebraska bill,

401

Customs Act,

of 1789,

8 ;

of 1812,

D AGGETT , D AVID , voting,

Dallas, Alexander James,

presents Bank memorial,

201 ;

on Senate committee,

201 ;

reports Bank bill,

201

Davis, Jefferson,

views as to slavery in Territories,

344 ,

345 ;

moves amendment to Oregon bill,

344 ;

effect of his action,

345 ;

attitude to Clay's proposal,

357 ;

views on fugitive slave law,

367 ;

contention as to fugitive slave law,

371 ;

relation to Kansas-Nebraska bill,

401 ,

402 ;

disapproves Col. Sumner's course,

443 ;

attitude to Kansas affairs,

472 ,

473

De Bree, John, owner of Shadrach,

370

Declaration of Independence, the,

70 ,

92 ,

94 ,

193 ,

229 ,

245

Delaware, Commonwealth of,

8 ;

legislation on slavery,

48 ;

in election of 1828,

163 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399

Democratic party,

appearance,

38 ,

104 ;

principles,

104 ;

circumstances of its appearance,

146 ;

party nomenclature,

162 ,

163 ;

demands of 1828,

163 ;

the making of its creed,

165 ;

divisions of the party and policies of each,

165 ;

origin and influence,

193 ,

194 ;

radical development in Kentucky,

195 ,

196 ;

attack of western element upon privilege,

196 ;

Jackson becomes leader,

196 ,

197 ;

opposes Gordon's proposal as to independent treasury,

285 ;

supports Independent Treasury Bill of 1840,

285 ;

relation to the questions of slavery and territorial extension,

287 ,

288 ;

nominates Polk for presidency,

309 ;

the platform,

309 ,

316 ;

views of the union of Texas and Oregon in platform,

317 ;

Thompson's opinion,

317 ;

characterization the work of the Democrats,

317 ;

platform of 1844,

318 ;

attitude to Wilmot proviso,

338 ;

platform of 1848 as to slavery in Territories,

344 ,

345 ;

the Clayton committee,

346 ;

election of 1848,

348 ,

349 ;

convention of 1852,

376 ;

election of 1852,

377 ;

controversy on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

391 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399 ;

attitude of Pierce to New York factions,

402 ;

vote in House on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

404 ,

405 ;

meaning of the vote,

405 ,

406 ;

as to leaders of Emigrant Aid Company,

413 ;

effect of Kansas struggle,

417 ;

relation to rise of Republican party,

418

;

Lane's effort at organization in Kansas,

423 ;

relation of Kansas affairs to national party organization,

430 ,

431 ;

effect on party prospects of sacking of Lawrence,

438 ;

as to effect of events in Kansas,

447 ;

effect of Dred Scott decision,

458 ;

plan as to Democracy in Kansas,

462

Denver, John W.,

appointed Acting-Governor of Kansas Territory,

467 ;

his report to the President,

468 ,

469 ;

pockets bill for constitutional convention,

471

Deseret, Foote's bill,

354

Des Moines River, the, Falls of,

De Witt, Alexander, signs National Era address,

389

Dickerson, Mahlon, reports tariff bill in Senate,

188

Dickinson, Daniel Stevens, on Committee of Thirteen,

360

Dickson, John,

presents abolition petitions,

254 ;

controversy with Chinn,

254

District of Columbia,

adoption of Maryland laws,

51 ;

exclusive government vested in central Government,

247 ,

248 ;

petitions for abolition of slavery in,

251 ,

252 ;

report on slavery in District,

253 ;

disposal of Quaker petitions,

253 ;

more petitions in House,

254 ;

contest begins,

254 ;

petitions presented by Dickson and Fairfield,

254 ;

the Dickson-Chinn controversy,

254 ;

Slade's motion,

254 ;

Granger's intimation,

257 ;

the demand of Wise,

257 ,

258 ( see

Petition , Right of);

Pinckney resolutions quoted,

261 ;

re-enacted,

262 ;

Vermont petition,

265 ,

269 ;

effort of Calhoun as to slavery in the District,

268 ;

recurrence of the slavery question,

355 ;

Clay's plan,

356 ;

attitude of Southerners,

357 ;

attitude of abolitionists,

357 ;

Clay's report,

362 ;

bill passed,

364 .

See Washington, D. C.

Dixon, Archibald,

proposes amendment to Nebraska bill,

387 ;

Blair's letter on Dixon,

387 ,

388 ;

attitude of Douglas,

388

Dodge, Augustus Cæsar, introduces bill on Nebraska,

382

Donaldson, J. B.,

proclamation as to resistance to service of writs,

435 ;

dealings with citizens of Lawrence,

436 ,

437 ;

appears with force before Lawrence,

437 ;

dismisses posse,

438 ;

the sacking of Lawrence,

438

Doniphan, Alexander William, captures Chihuahua,

332

Douglas, Stephen Arnold,

attitude to Wilmot proviso,

338 ;

presents bill on Oregon in House,

340 ,

341 ;

presents bill in Senate on Oregon,

343 ;

moves amendment,

347 ;

changes vote,

347 ;

reports bill,

349 ;

Berrien's adverse report,

349 ,

350 ;

new bill on Territories,

350 ;

motion as to California,

357 ;

attitude to fugitive slave law,

368 ;

candidate for presidential nomination,

376 ;

early plans for organization of territory west of the Mississippi,

381 ;

presents bill and report on Nebraska,

382 ,

383 ;

consideration of report and its author,

383-387 ;

attitude to Dixon,

388 ;

presents new bill on Nebraska and Kansas,

389 ;

National Era address,

389 ,

390 ;

Douglas's reply,

390 ;

charged with conspiracy,

391 ;

his principle as to slavery in Territories,

391 ;

amendment to bill,

392 ;

vote on his amendment,

393 ;

debate on further amendments,

394-397 ;

proposes amendment,

395 ,

396 ;

final argument on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

397 ,

398 ;

substance of bill reported in House bill,

400 ;

Douglas's bill in House,

401 ,

403 ;

effect of Dred Scott decision on Douglas Democrats,

458 ;

opposition to Buchanan,

469 ,

470

Douglas county, Kansas,

Sheriff Jones of,

428 ;

charge of Chief Justice Lecompte,

435 ;

indictment by Grand Jury,

435

Dow, C. M., murdered by Coleman,

428

Downs, Solomon W., on Committee of Thirteen,

360

Drayton, William, relation to nullification,

181

Dred Scott vs. Sandford [19 Howard, 293],

447 ,

449 et seq.

Duane, William John, removed from head of Treasury Department,

280

Dutch Traders, at Jamestown,

Dutch Henry's Crossing, massacre at,

440 ;

the massacre characterized,

441 ;

and denounced by settlers,

441 ;

effect of massacre,

442 ;

the work characterized,

473 ,

474

E AST F LORIDA ,

Eaton, John Henry, as to Bank trouble,

192

Easton, Kansas, election trouble at,

426

Election, presidential,

of 1820,

129 ;

of 1824,

130-137 ;

in House of Representatives,

140-142 ;

of 1828,

163 ,

164 ;

of 1832,

189 ,

190 et seq.;

of 1836,

283 ;

of 1840,

286 ;

of 1844,

320 ;

of 1848,

349 ;

of 1852,

377 ;

of 1856, relation to election of Whitfield in Kansas,

417 ;

indications as to election of 1856,

440 ;

of 1856, as related to affairs in Kansas,

446 ,

447

Electoral Colleges,

Ellis, Powhatan, ordered to make final demand on Mexican Government,

299

El Paso,

361

Emancipation, early schemes for,

243 ,

245

Embargo, of 1807,

Emerson, Dr.,

owner of Dred Scott,

450 ;

his will,

450

Emerson, Irene,

owner of Dred Scott,

450 ;

sells him to Sandford,

451

Emigrant Aid Company,

misrepresentations as to,

411 ;

conference with Robinson,

413 ;

excitement occasioned in Missouri,

413 ;

claims as to its purpose,

419 ;

indictment against hotel in Lawrence,

435

England,

21 ,

45 ,

368

English, William Hayden, bill on Kansas,

470 ,

471

Erie Canal,

132

Eustis, William, efforts for admission of Missouri,

100

Everett, Edward,

reply to McDuffie,

176 ;

speech on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

392 ,

393 ;

not voting on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

398

Ewing, Thomas, on Bank Committee of Senate,

201

F AIRFIELD , J OHN , presents abolition petition,

254

Federal Party,

12 ,

104 ;

extinction,

129 ;

its errors,

129 ;

effects of War of 1812,

130 ;

principles on which it lost power,

239

Field, Roswell M., connection with Dred Scott case,

449 ,

452

Fillmore, Millard,

becomes President,

360 ;

message on Texas,

360 ;

message of December, 1850,

368 ,

369 ;

opposition of Giddings,

369 ;

message on Shadrach case,

370 ,

371 ;

report on President's powers,

372 ;

message of December 2, 1851,

374 ;

contest in Whig Convention of 1852,

376 ;

message of December 6, 1852,

380 ,

381

Fitchburg, Massachusetts, home of Charles Robinson,

413

Flint River,

Florida,

its acquisition,

19-38 ;

treaty of Florida Seminoles,

290 ;

constitution formed,

290 ;

admitted as Commonwealth,

290 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

390

Floyd, John, message on Southampton massacre,

249

Foote, Henry Stuart,

bill for Territories,

354 ;

criticises Clay,

357 ,

358 ;

motion on Bell's resolutions,

359 ;

accepts amendment,

360 ;

draws pistol on Benton,

360 ;

introduces finality resolutions,

374 ;

passed by House and rejected by Senate,

375

"Force Bill," the. See

Wilkins, William

Foreign affairs,

relation to party development,

122 ;

the Holy Alliance,

123-125 ;

the "Monroe Doctrine,"

125-128 ;

significance of the diplomatic questions,

129 ;

success of Van Buren,

164 .

See Committee on Foreign Relations

Forsyth, John,

letter as to intrigue against Jackson,

220 ;

letter from Morfit,

296 ,

297

Fort Brown, attempt at relief,

329

Fort Jackson, treaty of,

26 ,

Fort Leavenworth,

Robinson at,

414 ;

arrival of Governor Reeder,

416 ;

Governor authorized to call troops from,

432 ;

Sumner returns to,

442

Fort Monroe, transfer of artillery,

230

Fort Moultrie, transfer of artillery,

230

Fort Riley, Branscomb at,

414

Fort Scott,

Fort Titus, Kansas conflict at,

444

Fowltown, destroyed,

28 ,

France,

21 ,

22 ,

23 ,

24 ;

abolition of slavery,

54 ;

gets Louisiana territory,

54 ,

65 ;

in Holy Alliance,

123 ;

relation to Congress of Verona,

124 ;

boundary dispute with Spain,

290 ;

recognizes Texan independence,

304 ;

cedes Louisiana to United States,

312 ,

318 ,

395 . See

Treaty

Francis, Indian priest,

Franklin, Kansas,

Jones goes to,

428 ;

Lane and Robinson accompany Shannon to,

430 ,

431 ;

as to treaty of August 17,

444

Free-Soil party,

Buffalo convention of 1848,

347 ;

nomination and platform,

347 ,

348 ;

nomination of Hale,

377 ;

the National Era address,

389 ;

its effect,

400 ;

vote in House on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

404 ,

405 ;

meaning of the vote,

405 ,

406 ;

appearance of Eli Thayer,

408 ,

409 ;

as to leaders of Emigrant Aid Company,

413 ;

effect of Kansas struggle,

417 ;

relation of Free-soil party to rise of Republican party,

418 ;

effect of Dred Scott decision,

458

Frémont, John Charles, effect of events in Kansas on his candidacy in 1856,

447

French Republic, the,

Fugitive slave law,

passed by Congress,

51 ;

law of 1850,

363 ,

364 ( see also

Slavery );

law of 1850 makes slavery a national matter,

366 ;

its further effect,

366 ,

367 ;

views of Calhoun, Davis, and Rhett,

367 ;

the Hamlet case,

367 ;

efforts at repeal of law,

367 ,

368 ;

the Crafts case,

368 ;

the "Underground" established,

368 ;

attitude of the lawyers,

368 ;

Fillmore's message of December, 1850,

368 ,

369 ;

Fillmore's message,

369 ;

motion of Giddings,

369 ;

petitions for repeal,

369 ,

370 ;

the Shadrach case,

370 ;

Fillmore's message,

370 ,

371 ;

debate on Clay's motion,

371 ;

report on powers of President,

371 ,

372 ;

the Sims case,

372 ,

373 ;

Boston meetings,

373 ;

leaders of opinion,

373 ;

the "Jerry rescue,"

373 ,

374 ;

Fillmore's message of December 2, 1851,

374 ;

debate on Foote's finality resolutions,

374 ,

375 ;

the result,

375 ;

petitions for repeal,

375 ;

Whig convention of 1852,

376 ;

attack by Sumner,

377 ;

effect of election of 1852,

377 ;

various policies as to slavery,

377-379

Fuller, Timothy, in Missouri bill debate,

"Fundamentals," Massachusetts,

Furness, William Henry, opposes fugitive slave law,

368

G AINES , E DMUND P ENDLETON ,

in Florida,

28 ,

30 ,

31 ;

ordered to Georgia,

213 ;

authorized to advance into Texas,

298

Garland, James, reply to Slade,

258

Garrison, William Lloyd,

beginning of abolition,

246 ;

estimate,

246 ;

the constitutional situation,

246-248 ;

attack on the Constitution,

248 ;

publishes the Liberator,

251 ;

compared with moderates,

251 ;

opposition to fugitive slave law,

373

Geary, John White,

appointed governor of Kansas with authority over troops,

446 ;

at Lecompton and Lawrence,

446 ;

enforces withdrawal of Missourians,

446 ,

447 ;

his resignation,

447

Geography, relation to political development,

Georgetown, South Carolina, instructions to collector,

230

Georgia, Commonwealth of,

8 ,

26 ,

27 ,

28 ,

33 ;

slavery prohibited,

43 ;

conditional cession of western lands,

50 ,

56 ;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817,

118 ;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822,

119 ;

stock held in United States Bank,

203 ;

nullification in Georgia,

210 ;

conditional cession of lands of 1802,

211 ;

the attempt to erect an Indian State,

211 ;

problem of land titles in Georgia,

211 ,

212 ;

legislature memorializes for quieting of Indian claims,

212 ;

the Indian Springs convention,

212 ;

its repudiation,

212 ;

the attempt to survey the lands,

212 ;

Barbour's letter to Troup,

212 ,

213 ;

quieting of Indian titles by agreement of 1826,

214 ;

Georgia repudiates the agreement,

214 ;

defiance of central Government,

214 ,

215 ;

President refers matter to Congress,

215 ;

Congress fails to act,

215 ;

legislature extends criminal jurisdiction over Cherokees,

215 ;

Jackson's opinion of Georgia's position,

216 ;

obstinacy of the Cherokees,

216 ;

the question in Jackson's message of 1829,

216 ,

217 ;

opinions of Indian titles,

217 ;

the solution in Georgia,

217 ,

218 ;

legislature incorporates Cherokee lands in the Commonwealth,

218 ;

the Cherokee Nation case,

218 ;

the case of Worcester against Georgia,

218 ,

219 ;

failure to execute decision,

219 ,

220 ;

convention in,

375 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399 ;

Jackson's Georgians in Kansas,

438

Ghent, treaty of,

9 ,

Giddings, Joshua Reed,

denounces Fillmore and Webster,

369 ;

colloquy with Howe,

381 ,

382

Glascock, Thomas, attitude on procedure as to petitions,

259

Goliad, atrocities,

293

Gonzales, attacked,

293

Gordon, William F.,

proposal as to independent treasury,

285 ;

relation of parties to its rejection,

285

Gorham, Benjamin,

attitude to tariff bill of 1823,

111 ;

reply to McDuffie,

176

Gorostiza, Manuel Eduardo de, leaves Washington,

299

Granger, Francis, claim as to District of Columbia,

257

Grasshopper Falls, Kansas, convention at,

464

Great Britain,

treaty of 1763,

21 ,

23 ;

treaty of 1783,

22 ;

war of United States with,

24 ;

treaty of 1814,

26 ;

Nicholls's proposition to,

27 ;

Indian allies of,

29 ;

relations with United States as to slaves,

58 ,

59 ;

claims in North Pacific,

123 ;

relation to Holy Alliance,

123 ,

124 ;

proposal as to Holy Alliance,

125 ;

Canning's declaration,

125 ;

diplomatic relations,

287 ;

Ashburton Treaty,

303 ;

recognizes Texan independence,

304 ;

as mediator between Mexico and Texas,

304 ;

the London letter of British plans,

304 ;

claims to Oregon,

311 ;

Nootka Convention,

311 ,

312 ;

effect of war with Spain,

312 ;

Treaty of Utrecht,

312 ;

claim of United States,

312 ,

313 ;

treaty of 1818 with United States,

313 ;

effect of treaty of 1819 between United States and Spain,

313 ;

agreement of 1828 with United States,

314 ;

in Ashburton-Webster negotiations,

314 ;

ignorance as to Oregon,

314 ,

315 ;

the work of Whitman,

315 ,

316 ;

Democratic platform of 1844,

316 ;

negotiations as to Oregon,

321 ;

statement of negotiations in Polk's first message,

324 ;

his recommendations,

324 ;

action of Congress, April, 1846,

325 ,

326 ;

treaty of June, 1846,

326 ;

possibility of holding California,

332 ;

result of treaty with,

339 ;

United States minister to,

408

Great lakes,

325

Greeley, Horace, views on election of 1844,

320

Grimke, Thomas Smith, relation to nullification,

181

Grinnell, Moses H., member of Emigrant Aid Society,

409

Guadalupe Hidalgo, treaty of,

terms,

336 ;

ratified by Senate,

339

H ALE , E DWARD E VERETT , member of Emigrant Aid Society,

409

Hale, John Parker,

moves amendment to Oregon Bill,

344 ;

effect of his action,

345 ;

contention as to fugitive slave law,

371 ;

presents petitions for repeal of fugitive slave law,

375 ;

nominated for presidency,

377 ;

popular vote compared with Van Buren's in 1848,

377

Hamilton, James,

the Calhoun letter,

221 ;

calls special meeting of legislature,

221 ;

chairman of nullification convention,

221 ;

sends ordinance of nullification to legislature,

224

Hamlet, James, arrest,

367

Hamlin, Hannibal, presents petition in Senate,

370

Hammond, James Hamilton,

motion not to receive abolition petitions,

255 ;

wrangle over his two motions,

256

Harrisburg, Penn., convention of 1824,

139

Harrison, William Henry,

voting,

73 ;

nominated for presidency,

286 ;

succeeded, on his death, by Tyler,

286

Harvey, James Madison, commands column of "Free-state" force,

445

Hayne, Robert Young,

theory on tariff,

114 ;

view of slave labor,

161 ;

view repeated by McDuffie,

177 ;

Calhoun and the Webster debate,

179 ;

criticism of Clay's resolution on tariff, 187, and amendment of it,

188 ;

on Bank committee of Senate,

201 ;

his inaugural as governor of South Carolina,

224

Hayti,

its affairs mentioned by Salazar,

151 ;

consideration of its example in the United States,

152 ;

isolated,

154

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, cited on human purpose,

243 ,

244

Heister, William, presents abolition petition,

253

Herrera, José Joaquin de,

refuses to receive Slidell,

328 ;

gives way to Paredes,

328

Hill, Isaac, in Bank trouble,

191

Hillards, the, in Crafts case,

368

Hillis Hajo,

Himallemico,

Holmes, John,

voting,

73 ;

presents Maine petition for admission,

77 ;

reports bill,

;

speech on Missouri,

80 ,

81 ;

on conference committee,

Holy Alliance,

formation,

123 ;

relation to England,

124 ;

Congress of Verona,

124 ;

Canning's declaration to Polignac,

125 ;

the "Monroe Doctrine,"

125-128 ;

relation to Spain's colonies,

153 ,

154

Holst, Hermann Edouard von,

opinions reviewed,

27 ;

opinion of Jackson's veto message considered,

206 ,

207

Holyoke, Massachusetts, residence of Branscomb,

413

Home Government [of England], as to baptism of slaves,

Hopkinson, Joseph, committee service,

House of Representatives, of the United States,

action on Madison's message,

3 ;

Clay, Speaker of,

6 ;

passage of Bank bill,

7 ,

8 ;

reference of tariff matters,

9 ;

debate on tariff,

10-12 ;

passage of tariff bill,

12 ;

debate on internal improvements,

13 ,

14 ;

pay of members,

16 ;

passage of internal improvements bill,

18 ;

second passage of internal improvements bill,

18 ;

vote on censure of Jackson,

35 ,

36 ;

representation in,

63 ;

petitions from Missouri,

66 ;

debate on the Tallmadge amendment,

66 et seq.;

passage of Tallmadge amendment and Missouri bill,

73 ;

disagreement with Senate,

74 ;

petition from Maine referred,

75 ;

Maine bill passed by House,

75 ;

Missouri bill and Taylor's amendment,

78-80 ;

Holmes's speech,

80 ,

81 ;

McLane's speech,

81 ,

82 ;

Pinkney's speech on powers of Congress,

84-87 ;

disagreement with Senate,

88 ;

conference committee,

88-89 ;

significance of the compromise,

90-95 ;

Missouri constitution considered,

95 ,

96 ;

report of Lowndes,

96 ;

speech of Sergeant,

96 ,

97 ;

consideration of the question,

97 ,

98 ;

defeat of the Lowndes bill,

99 ;

tables Senate bill,

99 ;

Clay's proposals,

100 ;

report of committee of thirteen,

100 ,

101 ;

defeat of the bill and amendment,

101 ;

second conference committee,

101 ,

103 ;

plan to limit membership,

109 ;

reference of Monroe's recommendations,

110 ;

tariff bill of 1823,

110 ,

111 ;

tariff bill of 1824,

112 ;

Clay's argument,

112 ,

113 ;

replies to Clay,

113 ,

114 ;

conclusion in conference committee,

114 ,

115 ;

early votes on internal improvements,

117 ;

vote on internal improvements bill of 1822,

117 ,

118 ,

119 ,

120 ;

Monroe's letter on internal improvements,

120 ,

121 ;

vote on vetoed bill,

121 ;

Clay, Speaker of,

134 ;

election of President in,

140-142 ;

memorials on tariff,

158 ;

tariff bill passed,

159 ;

tariff bill reported,

160 ;

vote on tariff bill,

162 ;

vote on vetoed Maysville road bill,

168 ;

question as to reference of President's message,

172-174 ;

tariff bill before House,

174 ,

175 ;

McDuffie's argument,

175 ,

176 ,

177 ;

reference of President's message,

184 ,

185 ;

tariff bill before,

185 ,

186 ;

tariff bill passed,

186 ;

refusal to concur with Senate,

188 ;

conference committee,

188 ;

report on the Bank,

198 ;

relation of members of constituencies,

200 ;

reports on Bank,

202 ;

bill for re-charter passed,

202 ;

Jackson on duty of members,

206 ;

early control of presidential elections,

208 ;

action on President's message,

231 ,

232 ;

bill reported on President's powers,

235 ;

claim as to origin of tariff bills,

236 ;

passage of tariff bill and "Force Bill,"

237 ;

abolition petitions in,

252 ;

report on petitions,

253 ;

more petitions referred,

253 ;

action on Dickson's motion,

254 ;

conflict over right of petition,

254 et seq.;

adoption of the Pinckney resolutions,

261 ;

further work of Adams and Slade,

262 ;

rule of January 8, 1840,

263 ;

Gordon's amendment in,

285 ;

resolutions as to recognition of Texan independence,

296 ;

contingent action as to Texan independence,

299 ,

300 ;

effect of action,

300 ;

Wise's speech in,

302 ;

Tyler's message on Texan treaty,

309 ;

action on annexation of Texas,

321 ,

322 ;

action on admission of Texas,

322 ;

concurrence with Senate's action on Texas,

323 ;

McKay's bill,

335 ;

the Wilmot proviso,

335 ,

336 ;

Oregon bill in,

341 ;

action on Oregon bills,

343 ;

rejects Clayton bill,

347 ;

final agreement with Senate,

347 ;

action on erection of California and New Mexico,

349 et seq.;

completion of compromise measures,

363 ,

364 ;

action on President's message,

369 ;

passage of finality resolutions,

375 ;

action on organization of Kansas and Nebraska,

381 et seq.;

contest for seat in,

432 ;

appointment of committee of investigation for Kansas affairs,

433 ;

memorials from Kansas,

433 ;

bill for admission of Kansas,

442 ,

443 ;

action on Kansas,

470 .

See Congress of the United States

Houston, Samuel,

leader of Texans,

293 ;

Benton's description,

293 ,

294 ;

his early record,

294 ;

San Jacinto and the presidency of Texas,

294 ;

sends special envoy to Washington,

306 ;

promise of Murphy disavowed,

307 ;

changes vote,

347 ;

speech on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

393 ;

vote on Douglas's amendment,

393 ;

speech on the bill,

397 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399

Houston, S. D., withdraws from Kansas Territorial legislature,

421

Howard, William A., on committee for Kansas investigation,

433

Howe, John W., discussion with Giddings,

381 ,

382

Hudson Bay Company,

agents in Oregon,

314 ;

relation to policy of Great Britain,

314 ;

representations as to Oregon,

314 ,

315

Hunt, Memucan, proposes Texan annexation to Van Buren,

301

Hutchinson, William, in "Free-state" directory of Kansas,

443

I BERVILLE R IVER , the,

21 ,

Illinois, Commonwealth of,

slavery forbidden,

62 ,

63 ;

condition on erection,

68 ,

69 ,

71 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399 ;

as to Dred Scott case,

450

Independent treasury,

Van Buren's message of September 4, 1837,

284 ,

285 ;

Gordon's proposal,

285 ;

attitude of the parties,

285 ;

Act of July 4, 1840,

285 ;

party contest over the bill,

285 ,

286

Indian Springs, Convention at,

212

Indiana, Commonwealth of,

slavery forbidden,

62 ,

63 ;

condition on erection,

68 ,

69 ,

71 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399

Indiana, Territory of,

relation to slavery,

51 ;

jurisdiction over part of Louisiana Territory,

Ingersoll, Joseph R.,

claim as to District of Columbia,

257 ;

reports joint resolution on Texas,

321

Ingham, Samuel D.,

in debate,

10 ;

position upon tariff bill of 1827,

158 ;

as to Bank trouble,

191

Internal improvements,

bill presented,

14 ;

Calhoun's speech,

15 ,

16 ;

bill passed,

16 ;

President's veto,

17 ;

Madison's earlier recommendations,

17 ;

failure to overcome veto,

18 ;

development in theory,

116-119 ;

the Act of 1806,

116 ;

Calhoun's bill of 1817 vetoed by Madison,

116 ,

117 ;

analysis of vote,

117 ,

118 ;

Cumberland road bill of 1822,

118 ;

analysis of vote,

118 ,

119 ;

Taylor's position,

119 ;

attitude of East and West,

119 ,

120 ;

Monroe's veto, 120, and message,

120 ,

121 ;

vote on vetoed bill,

121 ;

Act of April, 1824,

122 ;

relation to foreign affairs,

122 ;

significance of the questions,

129 ;

Adams's first message,

155 ;

Van Buren's opposition,

155 ;

relation to political divisions,

156 ;

practical difficulties,

156 ,

157 ;

Jackson's views in 1829,

167 ;

passage of Maysville road bill,

167 ;

the veto,

167 ,

168 ;

vote on vetoed bill,

168 ;

analysis of vote,

168 ;

significance of veto,

169 ;

appropriations approved by Adams and Jackson,

169 ;

relation to private enterprise,

169 ,

170 ;

relation to slavery,

170 ;

Jackson's message of December, 1830,

178 ;

Jackson's message of December, 1831,

184

Iowa, Commonwealth of,

admitted,

290 ;

memorial of legislature on finality resolutions,

375 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399

J ACKSON , A NDREW ,

in Florida,

24 ,

25 ,

28 ,

30 ,

31 ,

32 ,

33 ;

attempt at censure,

34 ,

35 ,

36 ;

vindicated,

36 ;

Territorial governor of Florida,

38 ;

effect of Seminole War,

38 ;

qualifications as presidential candidate in 1824,

135 ,

136 ,

139 ,

141 ;

electoral vote of 1824,

136 ,

137 ;

the Coleman letter,

138 ;

opposition to Adams threatened,

142 ,

143 , and begun,

144 ,

146 ;

elected President,

163 ,

164 ;

makes Van Buren secretary of state,

164 ;

vigorous foreign policy,

164 ;

first annual message,

166 ,

167 ;

vetoes Maysville road bill,

167 ,

168 ;

significance of the veto,

169 ;

appropriations approved by Adams and Jackson,

169 ;

message of December, 1829, as to tariff,

171 ,

172 ;

its reference,

172 ;

message of December, 1830,

178 ;

message of December, 1831,

184 ;

message of December, 1829,

190 ;

later interpretations of his attack on Bank,

191 ,

192 ;

relation to "relief party" in Kentucky,

196 ;

leader of Democratic party,

196 ,

197 ;

attitude to Bank,

197 ,

198 ;

his views opposed by committees,

198 ;

message of December, 1830,

198 ,

199 ;

his message of December, 1831,

200 ;

puts the Bank question before the people,

200 ;

relation of Bank question to question of Jackson's election,

201 ;

effect of his veto of Bank bill,

202 ;

analysis of his message,

202-206 ;

opinion of von Holst on the veto message considered,

206 ,

207 ;

the message interpreted,

206-209 ;

relation of Congress to his election as President,

207 ;

the people accept the principles of Jacksonian democracy,

209 ;

opinion of Georgia's claims,

216 ;

reply to Cherokees,

216 ;

message of December, 1829,

216 ,

217 ;

different opinions of Indian titles,

217 ;

failure to execute decision of Supreme Court,

219 ,

220 ;

view on South Carolina's opinion of tariff,

220 ;

supposition as to Cabinet intrigue of 1819,

220 ;

the Forsyth letter,

220 ;

hostility of Jackson and Calhoun,

220 ,

221 ;

message of December, 1832,

228 ;

proclamation of December 10, 1832,

228-230 ;

active military preparations,

230 ,

231 ;

instructions to collectors,

230 ;

instructions to Scott,

230 ,

231 ;

popular approval of Jackson's course,

231 ;

attitude of Congress,

231 ;

Hayne's proclamation,

232 ;

Jackson's message of January, 1833,

232 ;

Bell's report on President's powers,

235 ;

signs Compromise Tariff, and "Force Bill,"

238 ;

motive in course on nullification,

238 ;

significance of his doctrines,

239 ,

240 ;

as to responsibility for Jacksonian principles,

240 ;

message of 1835 as to use of mails,

272 ,

273 ;

decides to destroy the Bank,

279 ;

power of removal,

279 ;

removal of McLane and Duane,

280 ;

the work of Taney,

280 ;

consideration of the proper exercise of power,

280 ;

censured by Senate,

281 ;

Benton begins effort at removal of censure,

281 ;

his contest successful,

282 ;

tendency of government to his day,

282 ;

his successor,

284 ;

sends Morfit to Texas,

296 ;

message of December 21, 1836, on Texas,

298 ;

special message as to reprisals,

298 ;

authorizes Gaines to advance into Texas,

298 ;

orders Ellis to make demands on Mexico,

299 ;

satisfaction not given,

299 ;

special message of February 6, 1837,

299 ;

request for unusual powers not granted by Congress,

299 ;

recognizes Texas and her agent,

300 ;

ends diplomatic relations with Mexico,

301

Jackson, William, presents abolition petition,

255

Jackson, Zadock, repudiates sacking of Lawrence,

438

Jalapa, captured by Scott,

333

Jamestown, slaves introduced at,

Janus, gates open,

260

Jefferson, Thomas,

2 ,

3 ;

relation to French philosophy,

129 ;

share of Congress in his election as President,

207 ;

principles restated by Calhoun,

239 ;

tendency of government from his day,

282 ;

sends out Lewis and Clark,

312 ;

view as to extent of Louisiana,

312

Johnson, Robert Ward, position on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

393

Johnson, William, relation to nullification,

181

Johnson County, Kansas, contested election,

465

Johnston, Josiah S., on bank committee of Senate,

201

Jones, George Wallace, position on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

393

Jones, John W., reply to Adams on right of petition,

257

Jones, Samuel J.,

as sheriff, arrests Branson,

428 ;

rescue of Branson,

428 ;

goes to Franklin and calls help from Missouri,

428 ,

429 ;

his error recognized,

430 ;

serves writ on Wood,

433 ;

tries to arrest Tappan,

434 ;

attempt to assassinate,

434 ;

Donaldson's reference to the shooting,

436 ;

the sacking of Lawrence,

438

K ANSAS C ITY , M O .,

316 ;

Branscomb and Robinson at,

413 ,

414

Kansas, Territory of,

bill for organization of,

389 ;

the abolition protest,

389 ,

390 ;

reply of Douglas,

390 ;

amendment of Chase,

391 ,

392 ;

position of Wade,

391 ;

amendment of Douglas,

392 ;

views of Everett,

392 ,

393 ;

speech of Houston,

393 ;

position of Bell and the committee,

393 ;

vote on the amendment,

393 ;

Chase's amendment,

394 ,

395 ;

Pratt's amendment,

394 ;

Walker's declaration and Badger's amendment,

395 ;

Chase's third amendment,

395 ,

396 ;

Douglas's amendment,

395 ,

396 ;

Chase's fourth amendment,

396 ;

speech of Bell against bill,

396 ,

397 ;

speech of Houston,

397 ;

final argument of Douglas,

397 ,

398 ;

vote on bill in Senate,

398 ;

analysis of vote,

398 ,

399 ;

rise of popular opposition,

399 ,

400 ;

the Richardson bill,

400 ;

the Senate bill in the House,

401 ;

position of Cushing, Davis, and Pierce,

401-403 ;

action in House,

403 ;

management of bill by Stephens,

404 ;

bill signed by President,

404 ;

analysis of vote,

404 ,

405 ;

meaning of the vote,

405 ,

406 ;

relation of Act to slavery,

407 ,

408 ;

the struggle for Kansas,

407 et seq.;

the plan of Thayer and his associates,

409 ;

organization of the society,

409 ,

410 ;

opposition,

410 ;

incorporation of the society,

410 ,

411 ;

misrepresentations as to Emigrant Aid Company,

411 ;

considered as of the South,

412 ;

influence of Atchison,

412 ,

413 ;

expedition of Robinson and Branscomb,

413 ,

414 ;

"Platte County Self-defensive Association,"

414 ,

415 ;

the founding of Lawrence,

415 ;

trouble over contesting claimants,

415 ,

416 ;

arrival of Governor Reeder,

416 ;

election of Whitfield,

417 ;

effect on Republican party of interference of Missourians in Kansas,

418 ;

significance of the seating of Whitfield,

418 ;

census of Kansas,

419 ;

interference of Missourians in election of first Territorial legislature,

419 ,

420 ;

action on contested election cases,

420 ;

supplementary elections,

421 ;

first Territorial legislature,

421 ;

Robinson's plan for anti-slavery party,

421 ,

422 ;

legislature meets at Pawnee,

422 ;

pro-slavery members seated,

422 ,

423 ;

trouble over adjournment to Shawnee Mission,

423 ;

arrival of Sharpe's rifles,

423 ;

Lane's faction checked by Robinson's Lawrence speech,

423 ,

424 ;

Robinson's declaration as to slavery,

424 ;

Conway's letter to Reeder,

424 ;

beginning of the "Free-state" movement,

424 ;

legislation upon slavery,

424 ;

its effect on the North,

424 ,

425 ;

the Lawrence and Topeka conventions,

425 ;

the adoption of the Topeka constitution,

425 ;

removal of Governor Reeder,

425 ;

Woodson Acting-Governor,

425 ;

election of Reeder as Congressional delegate,

425 ;

election of Robinson as Governor,

425 ;

conflicts between "Free-state" and Territorial Governments,

426 ;

petition for admission and election of Senators by "Free-state" party,

426 ,

427 ;

characterization of "Free-state" acts,

427 ;

Robinson's message to legislature,

427 ;

arrival of Governor Shannon,

427 ;

the Leavenworth convention,

428 ;

conflict between the two governments,

428 ;

the Branson rescue,

428 ,

429 ;

invasion of Missourians,

429 ;

Lawrence committee meet Governor Shannon,

429 ;

Shannon goes to Lawrence,

430 ;

agreement of Shannon with citizens of Lawrence,

430 ;

Lane, Robinson, and Shannon at Franklin,

430 ;

Atchison and the withdrawal of the Missourians,

430 ,

431 ;

appearance of John Brown,

431 ;

Shannon's report to President,

431 ;

appeal of leaders at Lawrence,

431 ;

the President's proclamation,

432 ;

attitude of "Free-state" party to proclamation,

432 ;

difficulty of the situation,

432 ,

433 ;

organization under Topeka constitution,

432 ;

contest for seat in House of Representatives,

432 ,

433 ;

House appoints committee of investigation,

433 ;

application for admission under Topeka constitution,

433 ;

work of Jones and attempt to assassinate him,

433 ,

434 ;

the assault repudiated by the "Free-state" party,

434 ;

letters of Robinson and Sumner,

434 ;

Lecompte's charge to grand jury,

435 ;

the "treason indictments,"

435 ;

Donaldson's proclamation,

435 ,

436 ;

dealings of citizens of Lawrence with Shannon and Donaldson,

436 ,

437 ;

the sacking of Lawrence,

438 ;

repudiation by Atchison and others,

438 ;

the "Crime against Kansas,"

439 ;

the attack on Sumner,

439 ,

440 ;

the Pottawattomie massacres,

440 ;

attitude of the Congressional committee,

440 ;

characterization of the massacre,

441 ;

denunciation by settlers,

441 ;

Brown and Pate at Black Jack,

441 ;

Shannon's proclamation and the work of the troops,

442 ;

effect of massacre on "Free-state" cause,

442 ,

443 ;

committee report and bill in House,

442 ,

443 ;

dispersal of legislature at Topeka,

443 ;

Smith succeeds Sumner,

443 ;

the Lawrence convention and the directory,

443 ;

"Free-state" military force organized and in conflict,

444 ;

capture of Titus,

444 ;

treaty of August 17, at Lawrence,

444 ;

resignation of Shannon,

444 ;

Woodson again Acting-Governor,

444 ;

proclamation of August 25,

444 ;

Missourians under Atchison in camp on Bull Creek,

445 ;

destruction of Ossawattomie,

445 ;

Smith's orders as to invaders,

445 ;

Lane leads in skirmish at Bull Creek,

445 ;

Woodson's order and Cooke's refusal to attack Topeka,

445 ;

failure of plan to attack Lecompton,

445 ,

446 ;

active steps by President,

446 ;

actions of Geary,

446 ;

retirement of the Missourians,

446 ,

447 ;

resignation of Geary,

446 ;

effect of events on presidential election,

447 ;

Buchanan's inaugural address,

447 ,

448 ;

plan for convention at Lecompton,

461 ;

Walker and Stanton in charge,

461 ;

negotiations of Stanton with "Free-state" men,

461 ,

462 ;

address by Walker,

462 ;

the party situation,

462 ;

the "Free-state" legislature,

462 ;

the "Free-state" mass-meeting,

463 ;

chances of the Topeka constitution,

463 ;

Robinson's plan to capture Territorial government,

463 ;

Wilson's advice,

463 ;

the Topeka mass-meeting,

464 ;

the Grasshopper Falls convention,

464 ;

census completed,

464 ;

Lecompton convention assembles,

464 ;

the election of October 5,

465 ;

contests in McGee and Johnson counties,

465 ;

Lane's conspiracy and its failure,

465 ,

466 ;

mass-meeting and convention at Lecompton,

465 ,

466 ;

the Lecompton constitution,

466 ;

"Free-state" demands on Stanton,

466 ,

467 ;

constitution to be submitted in full,

467 ;

Stanton removed,

467 ;

Denver appointed Acting-Governor,

467 ;

Lecompton Constitution accepted in election of December 21,

467 ;

Lecompton Constitution rejected in election of January 4, 1858,

468 ;

"Free-state" men in control of three Governments in Kansas,

468 ;

Denver's report to the President,

468 ,

469 ;

President submits Lecompton constitution to Congress,

469 ;

attitude of Douglas,

469 ,

470 ;

Lecompton bill passed by Senate and rejected by House,

470 ;

the House proposal rejected,

470 ;

the English bill,

470 ,

471 ;

the proposals rejected in Kansas,

471 ;

a fourth government erected,

471 ;

close of the struggle,

471 ;

characterization of the leaders,

471 ,

472 ;

attitude of the general government, of Davis, and of Sumner,

472 ,

473 ;

Act of 1854 the beginning of error, Missourians the beginners of wrong,

473 ;

characterization of John Brown's work,

473 ,

474 ;

relation of events in Kansas to Civil War,

473 ,

474 .

See Nebraska, Territory of

Kansas-Nebraska bill,

343 ,

456 ( see

Kansas, Territory of ; and

Nebraska, Territory of );

effect of the Dred Scott dictum,

460

Kansas river,

66 ,

414

Kearny, Philip,

ordered to occupy New Mexico,

331 ;

orders to Doniphan,

332 ;

occupies California,

332

Kelly, ——, Editor of Squatter Sovereign,

411

Kendall, Amos, instructions to New York postmaster,

271 ,

272

Kentucky,

created Commonwealth with slavery,

50 ,

62 ,

63 ;

attitude to tariff of 1824,

115 ;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817,

118 ;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822,

119 ;

legislature nominates Clay for presidency,

136 ;

attitude toward tariff bill of 1827,

158 ;

relation to tariff of 1832,

188 ;

relief measures for debtors,

195 ,

196 ;

electoral vote in 1844,

320 ;

views as to slave policy,

378 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399

Kickapoo Rangers,

organized,

426 ;

capture Captain Brown,

426

King, Rufus, voting,

King, William Rufus,

states his creed on State sovereignty,

269 ,

270 ;

on Committee of Thirteen,

360

Kinsey, Charles, on conference committee,

Know Nothing party,

418

Kremer, George, charge against Adams and Clay,

141

L ACOCK , A BNER , voting,

Lake of the Woods,

312 ,

313

Lane, James S.,

effort to organize Democratic party in Kansas,

423 ;

elected Senator by "Free-state" party,

426 ;

negotiations with Shannon,

430 ;

at Franklin,

430 ;

indictment against,

435 ;

as to service of indictment,

435 ;

in command of "Free-state" force,

435 ;

failure to arrive at Lecompton for attack,

445 ,

446 ;

result of his prevarications,

463 ;

conspiracy against Lecompton convention,

465 ;

thwarted,

465 ,

466

Lawrence, Amos Adams,

member of Emigrant Aid Society,

409 ;

his work,

411 ;

conference with Robinson,

413 ;

town named in honor of,

415

Lawrence, Kansas,

site occupied,

411 ;

town founded,

415 ;

quarrels as to claims,

415 ,

416 ;

Robinson's speech of July 4, 1855,

423 ;

convention at,

425 ;

the Branson rescue,

428 ;

Missourians approach,

429 ;

committee sent to Shannon,

429 ;

Shannon goes to,

430 ;

agreement of citizens with Governor Shannon,

430 ;

appearance of John Brown,

431 ;

appeal of citizens to President,

431 ;

Jones serves writ on Wood,

433 ;

trouble with Tappan,

434 ;

attempt to assassinate Jones,

434 ;

communications of Robinson and Sumner as to assault on Jones,

434 ;

indictment against hotel and newspapers in,

435 ;

Donaldson's proclamation,

435 ,

436 ;

dealings of citizens with Shannon and Donaldson,

436 ,

437 ;

Donaldson's force approaches the town,

437 ;

sacking of the town,

438 ;

repudiation of the deed,

438 ;

effect of the sacking and of assault on Sumner,

440 ;

effect of sacking modified by Pottawattomie massacre,

442 ;

"Free-state" convention at,

443 ;

treaty of August 17,

444 ;

Geary at,

446 ;

Stanton at,

461 ;

Wilson meets Robinson at,

463 ;

"Free-state" forces ordered to meet at,

465

Leavenworth, Kansas,

"Free-state" company organized at,

426 ;

convention at,

428

Lecompte, S. D., charge to grand jury of Douglas County,

435

Lecompton, Kansas,

the Branson rescue,

428 ;

citizens summoned to, by Donaldson,

435 ;

conflict at Fort Titus,

444 ;

failure of plan to attack Lecompton,

445 ,

446 ;

Geary at,

446 ;

plan for convention at,

461 ;

as to work of convention,

463 ;

convention assembles at,

464 ;

Lane's conspiracy against convention at,

465 ;

"Free-state" mass-meeting at,

465 ,

466 ;

constitution formed at,

466 ;

legislature meets at,

467 .

See Kansas

Lewis, Meriwether,

sent out by Jefferson,

312 ;

on the Columbia,

312

Lewis, William B.,

33 ;

the Coleman letter,

138

Lexington, Kentucky,

167

Liberator, The, publication begun,

251

Liberties, Body of,

Lincoln, Abraham, intimation as to official conduct of Taney,

456

Loki, the, of Kansas, appears,

431

London,

26 ,

London, Bishop of, as to baptism of slaves,

Loring, Charles Greeley, in Sims case,

372

Lorings, the, in Crafts case,

368

Louisiana, Commonwealth of,

erected,

56 ;

slavery in,

56 ,

62 ,

63 ,

65 ;

condition on erection,

69 ,

71 ;

relation to tariff of 1832,

188 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399

Louisiana territory,

20 ,

21 ,

22 ,

23 ,

24 ,

37 ;

added to public domain,

51 ;

slavery in,

54 ,

55 ,

56 ,

57 ;

owned by France and Spain,

54 ;

ceded to United States,

55 ;

divided,

55 ;

early ownership and division,

65 ;

condition on cession to United States,

72 ;

motion of Thomas as to slavery,

84 ;

motion renewed,

87 ;

carried,

88 ;

conference report,

88 ;

relation to Missouri bill,

92 ,

93 ;

ceded to France, and to United States,

312 ;

as to inclusion of Oregon,

312 ;

cession of 1803,

318 ;

effect of acquisition,

366 ;

act of 1820,

382 ;

as to the Douglas report on Nebraska,

384 ;

as to repeal of Acts of 1820,

391 ;

as to Dred Scott case,

450 ,

452

Louisiana, Territory of,

organized,

56 ;

name changed,

56 .

See Missouri, Territory of

Lovejoy, Owen, killed,

250

Lowell, John, member of Emigrant Aid Society,

409

Lowell, Massachusetts, meetings on fugitive slave law,

368

Lower California,

337

Lowndes, William,

committee service,

9 ;

on conference committee,

88 ;

reports bill on Missouri,

95 ,

96 ;

bill defeated,

99 ;

relation of family to nullification,

181

Lundy, Benjamin, instigates abolition petition,

252

M C C ULLOCH vs. Maryland [4 Wheaton, 316],

205

McDuffie, George,

opinion on slave labor,

161 ;

chairman ways and means committee,

172 ;

relation to Dr. Cooper,

173 ;

contention as to origin of tariff bills,

173 ,

174 ;

reports a tariff bill,

174 ;

its terms and disposal,

174 ;

forms economic basis of nullification,

175 ,

176 ,

177 ;

opposition to tariff,

177 ;

amendment lost,

177 ;

as to bill of 1832,

185 ;

tariff bills in House,

186 ;

attitude to the Bank,

198 ;

makes minority report in support of Bank,

202

McGee County, Kansas, contested election,

465

McGregor, Gregor,

McHenry, Jerry, rescue of,

373 ,

374

McKay, James J., introduces bill,

335

McLane, Louis,

speech on Missouri,

81 ,

82 ;

removed from head of Treasury Department,

280

McLean, John, voting,

Macon, Nathaniel,

committee service,

3 ;

position on Maine-Missouri bill,

Madison, James,

his message of 1815,

2 ,

3 ;

vetoes internal improvements bill,

17 ;

earlier recommendations,

17 ;

relation to Republican party,

17 ;

relation to War of 1812,

17 ;

as to relation between slavery and protection,

109 ;

vetoes bill, 1817, for internal improvements,

116 ,

117 ;

his views,

117

Mail, United States,

effect of presence of abolition literature,

251 ;

use by abolitionists,

270 et seq.;

Charleston, South Carolina, post-office robbed,

271 ;

request of Charleston postmaster to New York postmaster,

271 ;

refusal to receive abolitionist documents in New York post-office,

271 ;

Kendall's instructions to the postmasters,

271 ,

272 ;

the question in Jackson's message,

272 ,

273 ;

Calhoun's report and bill,

273 ,

274 ;

criticism by Clay,

274 ;

defeat of the bill,

274 ;

Act of July 2, 1836,

274 ;

significance of the contest,

274-277

Maine, Commonwealth of,

constitution formed,

76 ;

petition for admission,

77 ;

bill introduced and passed by House,

77 ;

bill in Senate,

82 ;

connection with Missouri bill,

82 ,

83 ,

87 ;

amended bill passed in Senate,

88 ;

House disagrees,

88 ;

conference committee report,

88 ,

89 ;

bill approved by president,

89 ;

significance of the controversy,

88 ,

90 et seq.;

attitude to tariff of 1824,

114 ;

attitude toward tariff of 1824,

115 ;

attitude toward tariff bill of 1827,

158 ;

in election of 1828,

164 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399

Mallary, Daniel,

reports tariff bill of 1827,

158 ;

opposes bill of 1828 as reported,

160 ,

161

Mangum, Willie Person,

motion as to Clay's and Bell's resolutions,

360 ;

on Committee of Thirteen,

360

Mann, Abijah, Jr., motion in House,

258

Mann, Horace, opposition to fugitive slave law,

373

Martin, Luther, letter to Maryland legislature,

49 ,

Maryland, Commonwealth of,

9 ;

legislation on slavery,

48 ;

Martin's letter to legislature,

49 ,

50 ;

laws of, in District of Columbia,

51 ;

domestic slave trade,

57 ,

58 ;

relation to Cumberland road,

116 ;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1817,

118 ;

attitude to internal improvements bill of 1822,

119 ,

120 ;

in election of 1828,

163 ,

164 ;

tax on Bank of the United States,

194 ;

decision on the tax,

195 ;

relation to slavery in District of Columbia,

253 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399

Mason, James Murray,

reads Calhoun's speech,

358 ;

on Committee of Thirteen,

360

Mason, Jeremiah, in Bank trouble,

191

Mason, John Young,

calls yeas and nays,

253 ;

yields to Adams,

253 ;

the Ostend manifesto,

408

Mason, Jonathan, voting,

Mason and Dixon's Line,

163

Massachusetts, Commonwealth of,

13 ;

slavery recognized,

41 ;

slave laws,

46 ;

substantial abolition of slavery,

48 ;

separation of Maine,

76 et seq.;

as a type,

86 ;

as to citizenship law,

99 ;

attitude to tariff bill of 1823,

111 ;

and to that of 1824,

114 ;

attitude toward tariff of 1824,

115 ;

attitude toward tariff bill of 1827,

158 ;

abolition petition in House,

255 ;

laws on jails,

370 ;

vote on Kansas-Nebraska bill,

399 ;

legislature grants charter to Thayer's society,

409

Matamoras,

concentration of Mexican troops at,

328 ;

approach of Taylor,

329 ;

occupied by Taylor,

331

Maurepas, Lake,

21 ,

May, Samuel Joseph, the "Jerry rescue,"

374

Maysville road bill,

passed,

167 ;

vetoed,

167 ,

168 ;

vote on vetoed bill,

168 ;

analysis of vote,

168

Mellen, Prentiss, position on Maine-Missouri bill,

Mexico,

as to Congress of Verona,

124 ;

treaty of 1825 with Colombia,

147 ;

revolts from Spain,

291 ;

the Austin grant,

291 ;

establishment of federal government,

291 ;

Bustamente's decree on immigration,

291 ;

refuses to sell any Texan territory,

292 ;

overthrow of federal government,

292 ;

possibility of complications with,

296 ;

minister leaves Washington,

298 ,

299 ;

demand by Ellis,

299 ;

full satisfaction refused,

299 ;

impossibility of regaining Texas,

300 ;

diplomatic relations with United States resumed,

301 ;

the claims commission,

301 ,

302 ;

Great Britain as mediator between Mexico and Texas,

304 ;

threatens war on United States,

305 ;

claims Texans are still rebels,

305 ;

Benton's criticism of the Texas treaty,

308 ;

relation of war to election of Polk,