Date.Price of Mark of Silver.Name of Species.Alloy.Tale per Mark. Value. Liv.Sol.Den.Den.Grs.Sol.Den. 11440400 ... ... ... ... 11580534 ... ... ... ... 12070500 ... ... ... ... 12220500 ... ... ... ... 12260547Gros Tournois 1112 58 012 12830540 ... ... ... ... 12850546 ... ... ... ... 12930610 ... ... ... ... 1295...Petits Tournois912 116 06 1296, May 20380 ... ... ... ... 1297, July 43100 ... ... ... ... 1298, May 253150 ... ... ... ... 1299, June 73180 ... ... ... ... 1302, April 23480 ... ... ... ... " February 2540 ... ... ... ... 1303, August 15600 ... ... ... ... 1304, May 7650 ... ... ... ... " June 256140 ... ... ... ... " September 86150 ... ... ... ... " December 13750 ... ... ... ... " March 17100 ... ... ... ... 1305, April 188100 ... ... ... ... 1306, October 12156 ... ... ... ... (forte monnaie)... ... 1308, April 162190Gros Tournois 1112 58 012 1310, January 20376Bourgeois Forte60 189 02 ... Par. 1311, July 8 3 5 1 1⁄2Bourgeois 60 378 01 ... Singles (Par.) 1313, June... ... ... ... 01 ... Tour. " September 192147Gros Tournois 1112 58 012 ...... ... ...Denier Tournois318 220 01 ... ... ......Denier Parisis 412 221 01 ... Par. 1314, November 29247 ... ... ... ... 1315, May 6...Denier Parisis 412 221 01 ... Par. " January 15240Denier Tournois318 220 01 ... Tour. 1317, March 1376Gros Tournois 1112 59 1⁄6 13 ......Denier Parisis 412 282 01 1321, February 20376Gros Tournois 1112 59 1⁄6 13 1322, October 15389Denier Parisis 318 218 ... " March 2400Obole Blanche 100 118 06 ... Par. 1326, July 244100 ... 90 135 08 ... Tour. " January 20500 ... ... ... ... 1327 " 8580 ... ... ... ... 1328, November 75110 ... ... ... ... 1329, December 26440Gros Tournois ... ... 16 ... Tour. 1330, April 82180 " 1112 60 10 (forte monnaie)... Tour. ......Gros Parisis 1112 48 10 ... Par. 1331, January 92176 ... ... ... ... 1333, June 122156Denier Parisis 44 138 1⁄2 ... 1336, February 133126Gros à la 1016 96 110 ... Couronne Tour. 1338, November 144120 " 80 96 010 " January 3500 ... ... ... ... 1339, August 19500 ... ... ... ... " February 56150 ... 70 105 010 " April 6... ... 60 108 010 1340, August 1700 ... ... ... ... " December 47100 ... ... ... ... " January 278140Gros à la Fleur60 84 13 ... de Lis ... " February 8940 ... ... ... ... " " 139120 ... 60 95 13 1342, June 3012100 ... 60 120 13 " September 71300 ... ... ... ... 1343, April 913100 ... ... ... ... " September 229100 ... ... ... ... ......Gros Tournois 1112 60 39 " October 26340 ... ... ... 13 (forte monnaie)... ... 1344, February 16380 ... ... ... ... 1345, April 93106 ... ... ... ... 1346, July 174100Double Parisis 318 180 02 Par. " January 27500 ... ... ... ... " February 246150 ... ... ... ... " March 3... ... 30 216 02 ... Par. 1347, July 217100 ... ... ... ... " January 114160Double Tournois38 183 1⁄3 02 ... Tour. 1348, August 31500 ... 31 1⁄3 183 1⁄3 02 ... Tour. " December 31600 ... 212 200 02 ... Tour. 1349, May 126130 ... ... ... ... " August 76150 ... ... ... ... " December 5770 ... ... ... ... " January 207150 ... ... ... ... 1350, April 23500Double Parisis 312 168 02 (forte monnaie)... Par. " August 23550 " 28 168 02 ... Par. " October 265120 ... ... ... ... " February 5600 ... ... ... ... " March 6680 ... ... ... ... 1351, May 176180Blancs 412 144 06 ... Par. " June 23780 ... ... ... ... " August 188150 ... ... ... ... " September 121000Blancs 40 144 06 ... Par. " October 1010100 ... ... ... ... " December 161100 ... ... ... ... " January 251200 ... ... ... ... " February 414120Gros Tour. 48 87 1⁄4 08 ... Blancs Tour. " March 27560 ... ... ... ... (forte monnaie)... ... 1352, June 2... ... ... ... ... " July 24620 ... 40 100 08 ... Tour. " August 166100 ... ... ... ... " October 246180 ... ... ... ... " November 25800 ... 40 120 08 ... Tour. " December 31900 ... ... ... ... " February 61000 ... ... ... ... 1353, April 221200 ... 312 140 08 Tour. " July 3012150 ... ... ... ... " August 213150 ... ... ... ... " October 264150 ... ... ... ... (forte monnaie)... ... " November 27... ... 38 4⁄5 65 08 ... Tour. " February 5570 ... ... ... ... " " 175170 ... ... ... ... 1354, April 266150 ... ... 96 08 ... Tour. " May 289120 ... 30 120 08 ... Tour. " July 510120 ... ... ... ... " September 71200 ... ... ... ... " November 24440Blanc à la 38 80 05 (forte monnaie)... Couronne Tour. " January 234160 ... 212 ... ... " April 4560 ... 30 120 ... 1355, May 206100 ... 212 ... ... " July 67100 ... ... ... ... " " 171000Blancs à la Couronne 39 72 13 " August 22... ... 30 ... ... " August 261100 ... ... ... ... " September 2812100 ... 30 80 ... " October 91400 ... 30 100 ... " November 101600 ... 212 100 ... " December 151800 ... ... ... ... " January 3550 ... ... ... ... (forte monnaie)... ... " January 5...Blanc à la Couronne 80 96 010 " " 16...Blanc à la Fleur de Lis 40 60 08 1356, August 36100 ... 30 90 ... " September 19750 ... 30 112 1⁄2 ... " October 288170 ... ... ... ... " November 23780Gros 60 80 10 " " 28780Gros Blancs 40 80 10 " February 7... ... 30 112 1⁄2 10 " March 266100Gros à la Couronne 50 70 010 1357, January 238100Blanc à la Fleur de Lis 40 60 13 1358, May 91000 ... 38 ... ... " July 11200 ... 30 64 ... " August 813100 ... 30 96 ... " August 306150Blancs à la Couronne 40 53 1⁄3 10 " November 13700 75 ... " " 22800 30 75 ... " December 38120 ... " " 99100 ... " February 22700 30 90 06 " " 27... 30 100 ... 1359, April 207100 30 120 ... " May 2811100 212 150 ... ...Gros Blancs 30 72 13 " June 5900Blancs aux trois Fleurs de Lis 312 70 13 " June 12... 30 ... " July 9... ... " " 12... 215 ... " " 311640 212 80 ... " September 1822130 26 90 ... " October 5... 112 1⁄2 ... " " 222980 20 120 ... " November 271200Gros à l'estoile 40 48 26 " December 51500 30 ... " " 191890 ... " " 3123126 ... " January 224126 212 60 ... " " 2234126 20 72 ... " February 17... 80 ... " " 2753176 100 ... " March 477160 112 100 ... " " 2110200 125 ... " " 311100Gros Blancs 40 64 ... (forte monnaie)... ... 1360, April 27... 30 ... " May 4... 212 ... " " 26... 20 ... " June 2700Blancs à la Fleur de Lis 20 64 06 " " 27... 80 07 1⁄2 " " 28900 112 80 ... " " 2910100 ... " August 71500 100 ... " " 181700 120 ... " " 2218100 ... " September 7700Blanc à la couronne 40 66 010 " October 22... ... 212 ... ... " November 13800 ... ... ... ... " " 19900 ... ... ... ... " January 12580Blanc à la fleur de lis 412 54 010 " April 3500Gros Tournois 1112 84 13 (forte monnaie)... ... 1364, May 3500Gros d'argent 1112 84 13 1365, May 2550Blanc 40 96 05 1370, June 195150Gros d'argent 113 1⁄4 96 13 1372, August 95160 ... 1117 ... ... 1374 " 12... ... 116 ... ... 1378 " 19... ... 1117 ... ... 1381, April 16580Gros d'argent 116 96 13 " August 155160 ... ... ... ... 1384, March 22...Blanc à l'écu 60 75 010 1386, October 31... ... 512 74 1⁄2 ... 1389 " 305180 ... 512 ... ... " July 4639 ... 512 ... 10 1391, April 8650 ... ... ... ... 1399, November 27680 ... ... ... ... 1401, July 26...Gros 90 81 13 1405 " 66126Blanc à l'écu 56 76 1⁄2 010 1411, November 56150 ... 50 80 ... 1413, July 12700Gros d'argent 1116 84 7⁄12 18 1414, June 26720Blanc à l'écu 50 80 010 1417, May 17800Gros 80 80 18 " October 21900 ... 58 ... ... 1418, May 289100 ... ... ... ... " January 191000 ... ... ... ... " March1400 ... ... ... ... " " 716100 ... 38 ... ... 1419, February 17...Blanc 20 168 05 1420, April 91800 ... ... ... ... " May 82600Gros 212 100 18 " February 11... ... ... ... ... 1421, April 26700Gros d'argent 1112 86 1⁄4 18 1422, October 307100Blanc 412 90 010 1423, December 31700 ... 50 80 ... " March 10... ... 60 90 ... 1424 " 17...Blanc 50 80 010 1425, June 9650Gros 80 90 10 " August 17700 Blanc 40 128 05 " January 237100 Grand Blanc 90 96 13 " ; March 16750 Blanc 50 80 010 1426, May 288100 ... 40 ... ... " August 209100 ... 38 ... ... " November 191100 ... 30 81 ... " January 11700 ... 412 72 ... 1427, August 26800 ... 40 80 ... " October 48100 ... ... ... ... 1428, July 311100 ... 30 81 ... " January 2413100 ... 28 84 ... " March 21500 ... 20 ... ... 1429, May 4... ... 118 ... ... " June 102000 ... 112 ... ... " November 5700 ... 50 80 08 (forte monnaie)... ... " January 16700 ... 50 80 010 1430, December 226150 Gros 1112 120 3⁄4 13 1431, January 9750 Blancs 50 80 010 1432, April 11961 ... ... ... ... " August 229102 Gros 418 68 12 " September 299160 ... ... ... ... " January 16750 ... ... ... ... 1434, May 28... Petit blanc 40 128 05 1435, September 22900 Blanc 40 80 010 " February 21700 ... 50 ... ... 1436, May 24... Blanc à l'écu 50 ... ... " April 21780 ... ... ... ... 1437, November 27900 ... 38 ... ... " April 37100 ... ... ... ... 1440780 ... ... ... ... 14417100 ... ... ... ... 1447, July 7800 Blanc à l'écu 421 82 3⁄4 010 " " 278100 Gros d'argent 1115 68 26 ...7100 Blanc 50 90 010 1456, June 268100 " 412 81 010 ...8150 Gros d'argent 1112 69 26 1465, July... ... ... 69 5⁄6 ... ...8100 Blanc 412 81 010 1473, January 81000 ... ... 86 011 ...... Gros d'argent 1112 69 29 1475, November 2...Blanc au soleil412 78 1⁄2 10 1488, April 241100Blanc au soleil412 78 1⁄2 11 1497 " 71100Blanc à la couronne 412 86 10 1513 " 612100Testoons 1118 25 1⁄2 100 1514, January 11100Blancs 412 86 10 " February 1712150Testoons 1118 25 1⁄2 100 1519, June 1012100Blancs à la couronne 46 92 1⁄2 10 1521, September 201350Testoons 116 25 1⁄2 100 1532, March 1... ... ... ... 106 1539, February 2412100Blanc à la Salemand 46 92 1⁄2 10 1540, May 181400Testoons ... ... 108 1541 " 4...Douzains à la croisette 316 91 1⁄4 10 1547, March 31...Douzains ... 91 1⁄2 10 1549, October 2514100Testoons ... ... 110 " January 231500 ... ... ... 114 1550, April 201450Douzains 312 93 1⁄2 10 1561, August 3015150Testoons 1018 3⁄4 25 1⁄2 120 1572, June 13...Douzains 312 102 10 1573 " 91700Testoons ... ... 130 1575 " 17... " ... ... 146 " May 311900Francs 1010 10⁄23 17 1⁄4 200 " "17150Douzains 30 102 10 1577, June 15...Testoons ... ... 160 " November 20... " ... ... 146 1580, October 171900Quart d'écu 110 25 1⁄3 150 1602, September2054 " ... ... 160 " "...Franc ... ... 214 " "...Testoons ... ... 150 1636, May 823100 ... ... ... ... " June 28...Franc ... ... 270 " September 222500 ... ... ... ... 1641, November 1826100Louis d'argent 110 8 11⁄12 600 ... ... 1652, April 4... " ... ... 660 1655, December 23... " 1112 30 1⁄2 200 1679, April 1029110 " ... ... 600 1689, December 10... " ... ... 620 " "...Recoinage new species of Louis d'argent ... ... 660 1693, "33160Louis d'argent ... ... 680 1703, December 1038 10⁄1100Louis d'argent ... ... 800 1709, April3880 " 110 8 880 " May43 7⁄1100 " ... 1000 1713, September 30... " ... 700 1718, May...Louis d'argent or écu 110 10 800 1719, July 2561 9⁄1100 ... ... ... 1134 " ...69 1⁄800Livres d'argent... 65 5⁄11 ... 1720, September98 2⁄1100Louis d'argent ... ... 2350 ...... " (= 1⁄4 écu) 30 600 1721, January 1... " ( " ") ... 500 1723, ...... " ... 10 3⁄8 1380 1726, ...46180 " ... 8 1000 1726, May5133 " ... ... 1200 1785Silver coins unaltered ... ... ... ... 1803Kilog. fine silver =222 2⁄8 Francs (218 8⁄9 Francs being returned to the importer) Franc .900 5 grms. wght. ... 1835, June 30Kilog.fine silver =222 2⁄9 Francs (220 Francs being returned to the importer.) " " ... ... 1865, Latin Union ... ... Pieces under 5 Francs reduced to .835 fine
СНОСКИ:
[25] «En 1359 année de grandes secousses dans le prix du marc d'argent le public adopte comme unité l'écu d'or qui n'a pas varié.» Vicomte D'Avenel, Histoire de la propriété, etc., i. p. 54.
[26] Об описании остальных видов ливров, все из которых различаются по стоимости и насчитывают не менее двадцати, la livre de Provins, du Mans, de Bretagne, Languedoc, Dauphiné, Bourgogne, la livre Augevin и т. д., см. Vicomte D'Avenel, Histoire de la propriété, etc., i. 37-39, 482-494.
ОБЩИЙ УКАЗАТЕЛЬ
A.
Act of George III., 235.
" 1834, United States, 257.
Adams, John Quincy, 253, 258.
Aislabie, Mr., 228.
Alfonso X., The Wise, 321.
Allard, Mr., 290.
Anne, Queen, 277.
Antwerp, position of, in the 17th century, 62.
Arbitrage, 17th century, 73.
Augsburg girogeld, 387.
Austria, monetary system of, 376.
Austrian standard, or Convention standard, 374, 386.
B.
Bacon, Sir Francis, 134.
Balfour, Right Hon. A.J., 284.
Bank of France, table of reserves, 186.
Batavian Republic, 352.
Barbour, Sir D., 284, 293.
Barrett, Mr., 147.
Bavaria, 374.
Bavarian, Louis the, 7.
Bayreuth, 374.
Beernaert, M., 287.
Bel, Charles le, 400.
" Philippe le, 10, 12, 399.
Binney, Mr., 259.
Birch, J.W., 283.
Bland, Mr., 261, 279.
Bland, Bill, 279, 283.
Bogy, Mr., 279.
Boissevain, M., 290.
Bold, Charles the, 402.
Brandenburg-Anspach, 374.
" Frederick William of, 199.
Bremen, 373.
Brunswick, 381.
Brussels conference, 286.
Byzantium, monetary system of, 2.
C.
Calhoun, Mr., 259.
Calonne, XV., 172.
Calvert, 142.
Cambreleng, Mr., 258.
Carleton, Mr., 140.
Caswall, Mr., 228.
Chambers, Mr., 259.
Chaplin, H., 284.
Charlemagne, monetary system of, 2, 397.
Charles I. of Spain, 109.
" I. of England, 133, 146.
" II. of England, 219, 223.
" II. of Spain, 329.
" III. of Spain, 332.
" IV. of Spain, 332.
" V. of Germany, 96, 364.
" VI. of France, 399, 400, 401, 402.
" VII. of France, 399, 400, 401.
" VIII. of France, 39, 401.
" IX. of France, 84, 402.
Clay, Mr., 259.
Clowney, Mr., 258.
Cologne, Bimetallic conference of, 282.
Commission on the depreciation of silver, 1876, 279.
Compagnie des Indes, 406.
Conference (see International) of 1878 279; of 1881, 281.
Convention of Dresden, 380.
" " Vienna, 374.
" standard, or Austrian standard, 386.
Courtney, Leon. H., 283, 294.
Course of monetary depreciation, 1300-1500, 15.
Crawford, Secretary, 254.
Crusades, effect of, on currency, 3, 5.
Currie, Bertram Wodehouse, 294.
D.
Dandolo, Giovanni, 4.
Denmark, 277.
Обесценивание стандарта, общие причины, предисловие xii.
Discounts in modern system, function of, 165.
Ducat, or Imperial standard, 387.
Dunham, Mr., 260.
E.
Edward III.'s changes of ratio, 45.
" VI., 121, 124.
Elizabeth, 129, 130, 132.
Emperor Sigismund, 27.
England, Act of 1798, 239.
" " 1816, 243.
" agitation of 1611, 137.
" bank restriction, 241.
" coinage of 1527, 118.
" " Act of 1870, 243.
" crisis of 1622, 141.
" currency measures of 1544, 121.
" effects of the ratio of 1698, 227.
" Elizabeth's final revision, 131.
" " recoinage, 129.
" export in 1690, 223.
" first coining of gold in, 11.
" indenture of 1344, 42.
" " 1346, 44.
" " 1353, 45.
" " 1414, 55.
" " 1460-1470, 58.
" " 1670, 221.
" in 1378, 49.
" measures of 1619, 139.
" mintings and movements of metals, 1855-1894, 244.
" monetary history of, 1300-1500, 41;
1500-1600, 113;
1660-1894, 219.
" monetary inquiry of 1381, 51.
" " troubles of Henry VI., 57.
" proclamation of 1661, 220.
" recoinage of, 1414, 55;
1696, 225;
1774, 235.
" Sir Isaac Newton's report, 1717, 229.
" Sir Robert Stone on the Mint, 151.
" situation in 1638, 149.
" state of the coinage in 1774, 253.
" Tudor debasement, 123.
Ewing, Mr., 258.
F.
Farrer, Lord, 283, 294.
Ferdinand, 99, 101.
" and Isabella, 322, 324, 327.
" II., 321.
" VI., 331.
" VII., 332.
Flanders, commencement of gold coinage, 10.
Florence, monetary history of, in the 14th century, 18; 1500-1660, 93.
" monetary system of, 301.
France, action of the states general in 1420, 27.
" commencement of gold coinage in, 9.
" course of ratio, 1660-1894, 179.
" currency debasement in, 32.
" mint inquiry of 1575, 85.
" monetary history of, 1286-1500, 31;
1500-1660, 83;
1600-1894, 167.
" monetary system of, 396.
" recoinage of, 1689, 167.
" " 1693, 168.
" " 1709, 168.
" reform of, 1577, 87.
" " 1640, 91.
" " 1726, 169.
" " 1785, 171.
" " 1803, 177.
Francis I., 201, 402.
Franconian currency, 369.
Frankfort, 373, 378.
Frederick Augustus, 374.
" I., 203.
" IV., 27.
" the Great, 378.
Free trade in the precious metals, 163.
Fremantle, Sir C.W., 283, 290.
G.
Gallatin, 258.
Gaudin, M., 176.
George III., 231.
Germany, attempts at reform, 1860-70, 213.
" commencement of gold coinage in, 6.
" conference of Munich, 1837, 205.
" gold standards, 387.
" Leipzig standard, 200.
" monetary history, 14th and 15th centuries, 25; 1500-1600, 95; 1660-1894, 197, 360.
" new Imperial system, 1871, 215.
" standards, silver, 385.
" the convention standard, 201.
" " Dresden convention, 1838, 207.
" " Vienna conference, 1857, 209.
" " Zinnaische standard, 199.
" 24-gulden standard, 202.
" 24 1⁄2-gulden standard, 202.
Gillet, Mr., 258.
Godley, Arthur, C.B., 294.
Gold gulden standard, 388.
" reintroduction of coinage of, 1.
Gorham, Mr., 259.
Goschen, Rt. Hon. J.G., 279, 280.
Graumann, Philip, 378.
" standard, 379.
Gresham, Sir Thomas, 73.
Grell, Jacob, 8.
Groesbeck, 279.
H.
Hacket, Mr., 117.
Hamburg banco, 387.
" bank, establishment of, 105.
" monetary history of, 383.
Гамильтон, Александр, XV. 251.
Hanover, 381.
Harrison, President, 263.
Heath, Sir Robert, 142.
Henry II. of Castile, 84, 324.
" III. of England, 4, 21.
" III. of France, 85, 88, 89, 236, 404.
" III. of Spain, 324.
" IV. of France, 89, 90.
" VII. of England, 59.
" VIII. of England, 121, 129.
Herschell, Lord, 283, 294.
Hesse-Darmstadt, 378.
Higher Circles (Germany), 373.
Holland in 1872, 271.
Houldsworth. Sir W.H., 284.
I.
Imperial, or ducat standard, 387.
India, 294.
" closing of the mints, 293.
" statistics of metals and minting, 299.
Ingham, Secretary, 256.
International conferences (see Conferences), 275.
" monetary congress, 285.
Isabella and Ferdinand, 322, 324, 327.
Итальянские республики (см. Флоренция и Венеция), золотая чеканка, 4-5.
" " trade of, 3.
J.
James I. of England, 133, 145.
" II. of England, 223.
Jefferson, 248.
John, king of France, 45, 400.
John II. of Spain, 327.
" III. of Spain, 323.
Jones, Mr., 279.
K.
Kammer-Gerichts currencies, 369.
"Kipper und Wipper Zeit," 102, 369.
Knight, Mr., 259.
Kronen-thaler standard, 386.
L.
Lamond, Miss, 129.
Latin union, the, 191.
Law, John, 169.
" system of, 404.
Le Blanc, 89, 92.
Legal tender, law of, 350.
Legislation of 1873-74, United States, 261.
Leipzig standard, 373, 386.
Levi, M. Montefiore, 287.
Levy, Moritz, 287.
Lippe, 381.
Liverpool, Lord, 233, 239, 242.
Locke, John, 140, 225, 226.
Louis VII. of France, 9.
" IX. of France, 9.
" XI. of France, 59.
" XII. of France, 403.
" XIII. of France, 404.
" XV. of France, 405.
Louis Huttin, 399.
Lowndes, Mr., 256.
Lübeck, 383.
" courant, 387.
" mint, 7.
Lubbock, Sir John, 283.
Lüneburg, 384.
M.
Maddison, Sir Ralph, 148.