«Колонии, 1492–1750»

Пять племен. См. Ирокезы.

Fletcher, Benjamin, governor of New York, 206, 207, 210, 276.

Florida, Spanish exploration of, 27, 28, 30, 31;

Spanish occupation, 31, 32, 43, 88, 93;

French occupation, 33, 34, 44, 49, 88;

French expelled by Spanish, 48;

Oglethorpe's expedition, 262, 278.

Fort Casimir, Del., 209.

Fort Christina, 208, 215. See Wilmington, Del.

Fort Nassau, site of Albany, 197.

—, on the Delaware, 197, 201, 207, 208.

Форт-Оранж. См. Олбани.

Franklin, Benjamin, plan for colonial union, 271.

Frederica, Ga., founded, 260;

attacked by Spanish, 262.

"Freeman," term defined, 62.

French, the, colonies in Florida, 33, 34, 44, 49, 88;

causes of failure of early colonies, 43, 44;

early attempts to colonize Canada, 35, 36;

fishing colony at Newfoundland, 26, 241, 242;

Quebec founded, 36;

France becomes a great power, 48, 52;

колониальная политика: 48-50;

influence on English colonization in America, 57;

opposition to English settlement, 47, 206, 207;

in New Amsterdam, 201;

in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 221;

conflicts with English in West Indies, 236-239, 244;

holds Acadia, 242, 243;

troubles with Hudson's Bay Company, 244;

rivalry of Georgian traders. 259, 261.

French and Indian War, 221, 222, 274, 275, 284.

Frobisher, Martin, efforts at American colonization, 37, 52;

resists the Armada, 40.

Frontenac, Louis de Buade, Comte de, governor of New France, 251, 254.

Fundamental constitutions, devised for Carolina, 90, 91, 93, 95.

Fur-trade, early spread of, 17, 18;

by Norsemen, 22;

by other early European explorers, 26, 28, 35, 52, 53;

of New France, 35, 49, 50, 247-251, 256-258;

by Claiborne, 76, 77;

of Georgia, 259, 261;

of Carolina, 93, 104;

of Virginia, 104, 269;

of Maryland, 104;

of Pennsylvania, 225, 226;

of New Amsterdam, 118;

of New Sweden, 208, 209;

of New York, 198, 202, 221, 225, 226, 228;

in middle colonies generally, 232;

of Connecticut, 140, 141, 155;

of Plymouth, 122, 124;

of New Hampshire, 152;

of New England generally, 113;

by Hudson's Bay Company, 243, 244;

by American and Northwest companies, 244.

Gama, Vasco da, reaches India, 25.

George II., king of England, name-giver for Georgia, 259;

grants land to Ohio Company, 283.

Georgia, settlement of, 258-262;

fur-trade, 259, 261;

expedition against Florida Spaniards, 262, 278;

becomes a royal province, 263;

population (1750), 266;

political spirit, 281.

Germans, in Georgia, 269, 261, 263;

in North Carolina, 97;

in Virginia, 269;

in Maryland, 266;

in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 217, 221, 222, 225, 229, 230, 274, 277;

in New York, 221.

Germany, colonial policy of, 51;

Presbyterian movement in, 115.

Gomez, Estevan, on the North American coast, 27, 28.

Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, early interest in American colonization, 41, 66, 150;

member of Plymouth Company, 113, 114;

lord proprietor of Maine, 150-152, 158;

allied with Mason in colonizing New Hampshire, 125, 152.

—, Robert, governor-general of New England, 122, 132;

land-grants to, 125.

—, Thomas, deputy-governor of Maine, 152.

Gorton, Samuel, difficulties with Rhode Islanders, 160, 161, 164.

Gosnold, Bartholomew, voyages to America, 41, 65, 66, 69, 71.

Green Bay, Wis., Nicolet at, 12, 248.

Green Mountain Boys, origin of, 268.

Greenland, discovered by Norsemen, 21;

Norwegian settlements in, 21-23.

Grenada, Windward Islands, 237.

Grenadines, the, Windward Islands, 237.

Grenville, Sir Richard, leads colony to Roanoke, 38-40, 52;

resists the Armada, 40.

"Guinea," the, in Chesapeake Bay, 76.

Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, interest in American colonization, 51, 208.

Guzman, Nuño Beltran de, founds Culiacan, 28, 29;

expedition to Cibola, 29.

Hadley, Mass., shelters the regicides, 167.

Hakluyt, Richard, early English chronicler, 37;

interest in American colonization, 66, 69.

Hartford, Conn., founded, 136, 140, 141;

raided by Indians, 137;

the charter-oak story, 175;

early Dutch settlement at, 199;

Fletcher's visit, 276, 277.

Harvard College founded, 80, 130, 188;

aided by New England Confederation, 158;

social distinctions at, 181.

Hawkins, Sir John, visits Florida, 34;

resists the Armada, 40.

Heath, Sir Robert, first proprietor of Carolina, 88.

Henri IV., king of France, his colonial policy, 35.

Henry VII., king of England, rewards Cabot, 25;

attitude towards bull of partition, 36;

Navigation Acts under, 104.

— VIII., king of England, interest in northwest passage, 36.

Hoboken, N. J., founded, 199.

Holland, English Independents in, 115-117.

См. Голландцы.

Hooker, Thomas, supports Anne Hutchinson, 134;

assists in settling Connecticut, 141;

as a constitution-maker, 143;

character, 183.

Hopi Indians, Spanish with, 29, 30.

Howard of Effingham, Lord, Governor of Virginia, 79.

Hudson Bay, exploration of, 4;

aborigines of, 9, 12;

early French visits, 247, 248.

Hudson, Hendrik, discovers Hudson River, 44, 50, 125, 196.

— River, discovered by Hudson, 50, 125, 196;

early Dutch trade on, 118;

as a highway for trade, exploration, and Indian war-parties, 4, 5, 8, 155, 202, 219, 220, 255;

named in London Company's charter, 66;

Pilgrim land-grant on, 197;

early settlements on, 221;

patroons' estates on, 198-200, 223, 227;

Dutch attempt to exclude English from, 199, 200.

Hudson's Bay Company, organized, 248;

intercolonial relations, 234;

historical sketch, 243, 244.

Huguenots, in Florida, 31-34, 49;

De Monts' colony, 35, 36;

in Brazil, 44;

in New France, 49, 252;

in Carolina, 87, 88, 93-95, 97, 108;

in Virginia, 81;

in New York, 221;

in New England, 221.

Hutchinson, Anne, religious agitator in Massachusetts, 133-136;

in Rhode Island, 146, 147;

her adherents in New Hampshire, 152.

Iceland, early settlements in, 21, 22.

Illinois, canoe portages in, 4;

aborigines of, 12;

French settlements, 247, 253.

Independents, definition of term, 115;

in Holland, 115-117.

См. Пуритане.

India, early commerce with Europe, 23, 24, 66;

reached by Portuguese, 25;

effect on American exploration, 26, 27, 50;

search for water passage to, 42, 196.

Indian Territory, Southern Indians in, 11;

early Spanish exploration in, 28.

Indians, their origin, 2, 3;

philological divisions, 9-12;

characteristics, 13-16;

relations with English colonists in general, 17-19, 36, 38-43;

Pequod War, 136, 137;

Philip's War, 14, 170-172, 188;

relations with the Spaniards, 27-32, 42, 43, 47, 238, 239;

with the Portuguese, 48;

with the French, 34, 35, 49, 246-258;

with the Dutch, 163;

with Georgia, 259-261;

with Carolina, 88, 89, 277;

with Virginia, 14, 68, 71, 74, 75, 77, 78, 269, 280;

with Maryland, 83, 86, 277;

with the South generally, 56, 97;

with Pennsylvania, 216, 217, 222, 274, 277;

with Delaware, 207-209, 277;

with New Jersey, 211, 214, 231, 277, 282;

with New York, 196, 198-202, 206, 207, 230, 270, 271, 277;

with Connecticut, 140, 142, 155;

with Rhode Island, 160, 161, 164, 277;

with Massachusetts, 140, 170, 173;

with Maine, 172;

with New England generally, 119, 120, 133, 136, 137, 170.

Ipswich, Mass., Nathaniel Ward at, 138;

trial of John Wise, 176.

Irish, American discoveries by, 21;

in Iceland, 21;

in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 222.

Iroquois, the, status, 10, 11;

hostility to French, 196, 246, 248-250, 253;

allies of Dutch and English, 196, 200, 207, 256.

Jamaica, historical sketch, 240, 241.

James I., king of England, charters London and Plymouth companies, 66-69, 113;

interest in Virginia colonization, 74, 75, 81;

treatment of Puritans, 115, 116.

— II., king of England, colonial policy of, 175;

attitude towards New York and New Jersey, 206, 213, 214;

flight, 176.

— River, exploration of, 26;

named by Jamestown colonists, 70;

Huguenot settlement on, 81.

Jamestown, Va., settlement of, 70-72, 113;

early iron smelting at, 6;

introduction of slaves, 74;

Indian massacre, 74;

Puritans at, 76;

burned, 79;

Baltimore at, 81;

as capital of Virginia, 98;

communal proprietorship at, 120.

Japan, prehistoric vessels from, 2;

early European attempts to reach, 42.

Jesuits, in New France, 36, 253;

in Maryland, 83;

in New York, 230;

explorations in the Northwest, 247.

Jolliet, Louis, discovery of Mississippi River, 26, 248.

Kansas, crossed by Coronado, 30.

Kent island, occupied by Claiborne, 77, 83-85.

Kentucky, early exploration, 4;

aborigines of, 9;

early white settlements, 269, 283.

Kidd, William, a noted pirate, 276.

Kieft, William, governor of New Netherlands, 200, 201, 208, 209.

King George's War, 255, 256, 278.

King William's War, 253, 254.

Labrador, Norse discovery of, 22;

early English voyages to, 37.

Lake Champlain, as a highway for exploration and Indian raids, 4, 220;

discovery, 196;

New York and New Hampshire land claims on, 268.

Lake Erie, aborigines on, 10, 11;

discovery, 248.

Lake George, as a highway for exploration, 4.

Lake Huron, reached by Champlain, 246, 248.

Lake Michigan, discovered, 12, 248.

Lake Ontario, aborigines on, 10, 11;

drainage system, 219, 220;

discovered, 248.

Lake Superior, early fur-trade on, 18;

in Champlain's time, 247;

visited by Radisson and Grosseilliers, 247, 248;

early French settlement on, 253.

La Salle, Chevalier, explorations of, 248.

Laud, Archbishop, represses dissent in Massachusetts, 131;

in prison, 158.

Leeward Islands, English colonies on, 237, 238.

Leisler, Jacob, heads a revolution in New York, 206.

Leon, Ponce de, explores Florida, 27.

Léry, Baron de, colonizing attempt of, 35.

Locke, John, his constitution for the Carolinas, 58, 90, 91, 93, 95.

London Company, chartered, 66, 113;

settles Virginia, 69-74, 81;

criticised by James I., 74;

grant to the Pilgrims, 116, 117;

charter annulled, 74.

Long Island, Block's visit, 196;

Walloon settlement, 198;

conflicts between Dutch and English, 163, 202;

Connecticut wins a part, 163;

religion on, 229, 230;

crime on, 231.

Long Parliament, the, Virginia under, 76;

Navigation Act of, 105;

relation to Massachusetts, 132.

Louis XIV., king of France, his colonial policy, 49, 251-253.

Louisburg, captured by the English, 255, 278.

Ludwell, Philip, governor of South Carolina, 94;

and of reunited Carolina, 94.

Lutherans, in middle colonies, 230.

Louisiana, early French settlement of, 248.

Lower California, early Spanish exploration of, 28, 29, 31.

Maine, De Monts' colony, 36;

visited by Gosnold and Pring, 41;

Gorges' proprietorship, 150, 151, 173;

characteristics, 150;

not in the New England Confederation, 157, 158;

absorbed by Massachusetts, 152, 173, 174;

Indian uprising, 172, 188;

rule of Andros, 175;

in King William's War, 177, 254;

river system, 179;

commerce, 185;

сельское хозяйство: 186;

education, 188;

население: (1700) 180, (1754) 265;

boundary established, 268.

Maldonado, Lorenzo Ferret de, on the Pacific coast, 28.

Manhattan Island, Block's visit, 196;

early settlement, 197, 198.

См. Нью-Йорк (город).

Marquette, Father Jacques, on Mississippi River, 26, 248.

Martha's Vineyard, Indian missionary efforts at, 170.

Maryland, origin of name, 82;

settlement, 76, 81-84;

landed estates, 58;

judiciary, 60;

during English Revolution, 84, 85;

development, 86, 87;

becomes a royal province, 61, 87;

Claiborne's quarrel, 76, 77;

geography, 96;

character of colonists, 97;

its capital, 98;

occupations, 102;

religion, 102, 108;

commerce, 103, 104;

tobacco-raising, 103;

William and Mary's College, 103;

witchcraft trials, 192;

boundary disputes, 209, 217, 268;

settlers patronize Pennsylvania mills, 225;

represented in colonial congress, 270;

Indian affairs, 83, 86, 277;

influence of Virginia ideas on, 280;

political spirit, 280;

население: (1688) 97, (1763) 266.

Мейсон, Чарльз, проводит «линию Мейсона — Диксона», 268.

—, John, colonizing efforts in New Hampshire, 125, 150, 152, 153, 277.

—, Capt. John, in Pequod War, 137, 142.

Massachusetts, settlement, 124-127, 144;

suffrage qualifications, 61, 62, 167;

social distinctions, 59;

Harvard College founded, 80;

internal dissensions, 129-132;

religious troubles, 132-136, 146, 152;

interest in Pequod War, 136, 137;

laws, 137-139;

characteristics, 139, 140;

the Watertown protest, 62;

emigration to Connecticut, 140-142;

emigration to Rhode Island, 147;

interest in the Gorton case, 160, 164;

absorbs New Hampshire, 152, 153, 173;

absorbs Plymouth, 124, 176;

annexes land in Connecticut and Maine, 173;

influence in the Confederation, 155-157, 164;

independent attitude towards England, 158, 159, 161;

jealousy of King Charles, 173;

under the royal commissioners, 167, 168;

charter annulled, 131, 132, 169, 174, 175;

becomes a royal province, 175;

rule of Andros, 175, 176;

the Presbyterian movement, 162;

attitude in war with New Netherlands, 163, 164;

disputes Connecticut ship-toll, 164;

repression of Quakers, 165, 166, 169;

Philip's War, 170-172, 188;

absorbs Acadia, 176;

new charter, 176, 177;

население: (1700) 180, (1754) 265;

slavery, 182, 272, 275;

iron mining, 184;

manufactures, 184;

fisheries, 184;

shipbuilding and commerce, 185;

agriculture, 186;

witchcraft delusion, 190-192;

boundary disputes, 267, 268;

represented in second colonial congress, 270;

Phipps's term, 275, 276;

Bellomont's term, 207, 276;

loses New Hampshire, 277;

paper money, 278, 279.

Massachusetts Bay, visited by Roberval, 33;

early settlements on, 122, 124, 127.

— Company, chartered, 125;

removes to America, 126, 127;

charter annulled, 131, 132, 169, 174, 175.

Massasoit, head-chief of Pokanokets, 121, 170.

Mather, Cotton, in witchcraft trials, 191, 192.

—, Increase, influence in Massachusetts politics, 176, 177.

Maverick, Samuel, early Massachusetts settler, 122, 150;

royal commissioner, 167.

"Mayflower," voyage of, 36, 117, 118, 142, 197.

Melendez de Aviles, Pedro, his massacre of Huguenots in Florida, 34.

Mexico, aborigines of, 8;

Spanish conquest of, 8, 11, 27-31, 42, 47;

Spanish colonies, 31, 32.

— Gulf of, Spanish explorations of, 4, 27;

aborigines of, 9, 11;

Spanish possessions on, 43.

Middletown, N. J., founded, 211.

Milford, Conn., founded, 145.

Mining, Spanish efforts at, 28-30;

early English efforts, 6, 37, 39, 41;

in Virginia, 6, 69, 71, 269;

in New England, 180;

in Pennsylvania, 219, 225.

Minuit, Peter, founds New Amsterdam, 198;

in employ of the Swedes, 201, 208.

Mississippi River, portage-routes, 4;

geography of basin, 6, 7;

aborigines of valley of, 9-12;

discovered by De Soto, 31, 44;

French reaching out for the, 47;

seen by Radisson and Grosseilliers, 247;

seen by Jolliet and Marquette, 26, 248;

early trade on, 18;

drainage system, 219;

La Salle on the, 248;

early French settlements on, 253;

as an element in French-English boundary disputes, 256.

Mohawk Indians, status, 10, 11.

Mohican Indians, status, 9, 10.

Montreal, Cartier at, 32;

Champlain's visit, 35;

founded, 246.

Montserrat, Leeward Islands, 237, 238.

Moravians, in North Carolina, 97;

in Pennsylvania, 229;

in Georgia, 261.

Morton, Thomas, at Merrymount, 122, 127.

Mound-builders, 12.

Nantasket, Mass., founded, 122.

Narragansett Bay, early settlements on, 133, 146, 159, 161;

Philip's War on, 171.

Narragansett Indians, status, 9, 10;

troubles with whites, 136, 137, 164;

in Philip's War, 170.

Narvaez, Pamphilo de, in Florida, 11, 28, 30, 47.

Natchez Indians, 9.

Navigation Acts, historical sketch of, 104-106;

effect in South Carolina, 94;

in Virginia, 78, 80, 280;

in Maryland, 86;

in Pennsylvania, 281;

in the Jerseys, 231;

in New York, 232;

in Massachusetts, 173, 279, 280;

in New England generally, 184;

in the West Indies, 235, 236;

one of the causes of the Revolution, 279.

Nevis, Leeward Islands, 237, 238.

New Amsterdam, founded, 198;

Kieft's term, 208, 209;

Stuyvesant's term, 201, 209;

captured by English, 168, 202, 203;

becomes New York, 203;

fur-trade of, 253.

См. Голландцы.

Newark, N. J., founded, 211.

New Brunswick, De Monts' colony in, 36.

Newcastle, Del., founded, 202, 215;

characteristics, 228.

New England, geography of, 5, 6, 179, 180;

early mining, 6;

named by Smith, 72, 113, 114;

population, (1690) 253, (1700) 180, 181, (1700-1750) 265;

social distinctions, 58, 181, 182;

slavery, 182;

occupations, 182-184;

manufactures, 184;

fisheries and shipbuilding, 185;

commerce, 77, 164, 185, 186, 234, 235;

towns, 186;

education, 188;

crime, 188;

religion, 189, 190, 194;

witchcraft delusion, 190-192;

life and manners, 187;

political conditions, 192-194, 282;

repression of Quakers, 165, 166;

formation of the confederation, 156;

decadence of the confederation, 169;

in the hands of the Lords of Trade, 173;

in Queen Anne's War, 255;

in King George's War, 255, 256;

ideas of versus Virginia ideas, 280, 281.

New England, Council for, chartered, 60.

Newfoundland, Spaniards at, 28;

early European fishermen at, 36, 37, 49, 52;

early French visits, 32, 33;

claimed by England, 44;

Baltimore's colony, 81;

intercolonial relations, 234, 235;

in King William's War, 254;

historical sketch, 241, 242, 244.

New France, founded, 36;

Louis XIV.'s policy towards, 49, 50;

Champlain fights the Iroquois, 196;

early settlements of, 246, 247;

exploration of the Northwest, 247-249;

ambition for territorial aggrandizement, 155;

contests with the English, 220, 234, 252-254, 274, 275, 277, 278;

in Queen Anne's War, 254, 255;

in King George's War, 255, 256;

boundary disputes with English, 256;

line of frontier forts, 256;

struggle for the Ohio valley, 257;

social and political conditions of, 249-252;

general characteristics, 249, 257, 258;

causes of decline, 49, 50.

New Hampshire, Mason's grant, 150, 152, 173, 277;

early colonizing efforts, 152, 153;

soil, 179;

manufactures, 184;

agriculture, 186;

characteristics, 153;

population (1700), 180, (1754) 265;

annexed by Massachusetts, 61, 153, 173;

becomes a royal province, 61, 153, 174, 277;

reunited to Massachusetts, 153, 174;

rule of Andros, 175;

under William and Mary, 177;

in King William's War, 254;

Bellomont's term, 276;

boundary disputes, 268;

represented in second colonial congress, 270.

New Haven, founded, 144-146, 163;

ложные «Голубые законы», 146;

joins New England Confederation, 156;

in war with New Netherlands, 163;

treatment of Quakers, 166;

shelters the regicides, 167;

absorbed by Connecticut, 146, 168, 169;

condition in 1700, 186;

Yale College founded, 188;

Tory element in, 189.

New Jersey, early mining, 6;

visited by Gomez, 28;

early settlements, 199, 210-212;

covets Delaware, 210;

the two Jerseys, 212, 213;

reunited as a royal province, 207, 213, 214;

claimed by New York, 205;

general characteristics, 214;

election of county judges, 59, 60;

geography, 219;

social distinctions, 222-224;

occupations, 224, 225;

trade and commerce, 225, 226;

life and manners, 227-229;

education, 229;

religion, 230;

political conditions, 231, 282;

Bellomont's term, 276;

Indian affairs, 277, 282;

population(1700), 221, (1750), 265.

New Mexico, aborigines of, 8;

Spanish explorations, 28-30;

Spanish colonies, 31, 32.

New Netherland, settlement of, 196-198;

progress, 198-202;

Puritan encroachments, 162-164;

settlements on the Delaware, 207-209;

conquered by England, 168, 202, 203, 210-212.

New Netherlands Company, 197.

New Orleans, founded, 248, 256.

Newport, R. I., old mill at, 23;

settled, 147;

unites with Portsmouth, 148;

chartered, 149.

Новая Испания. См. Мексика.

New Sweden, its rise and fall, 201, 202, 208, 209.

См. Шведы.

New York, early mining, 6;

geography, 218-220;

social classes, 222-224;

occupations, 224, 225;

trade and commerce, 77, 140, 185, 225, 226;

fur-trade, 248-250;

life and manners, 226-229;

education, 229;

religion, 229, 230;

crime and pauperism, 230, 231;

political conditions, 231, 232, 282;

Indian affairs, 277;

the Dutch régime, 196-202;

captured by English, 202, 203;

«законы герцога», 204;

recaptured by Dutch, 205;

England again in possession, 205;

the rule of Andros, 205, 206, 213;

the charter of liberties, 205;

Leisler's revolution, 206;

French designs on, 253;

in King William's War, 253, 254;

in Queen Anne's War, 255;

Bellomont's term, 276;

colonial congress, 270, 271;

boundary disputes, 267, 268;

population, (1690) 253, (1700) 220, 221, (1750) 265;

characteristics, 207.

New York City, founded by the Dutch, 198;

early commerce, 226;

characteristics, 227, 228;

education in, 229;

political spirit in, 282.

Nicholson, Sir Francis, governor of Virginia, 79, 80, 81, 273;

deputy-governor of New York, 206.

Normans, American discoveries by, 21, 180;

early at Newfoundland, 26, 49, 241.

North Carolina, aborigines of, 11;

Raleigh's colonies, 38, 40;

named in London Company's charter, 66;

origin of, 88, 90;

first settlements, 92, 93;

Culpeper rebellion, 92;

character of colonists, 97;

their turbulent spirit, 273, 280, 281;

occupations, 102;

agriculture, 103;

religion, 108, 109;

mountains of, 179;

becomes a royal province, 267;

boundary established, 268;

Indian affairs, 277;

Oglethorpe's expedition, 278;

influence of Virginian ideas, 280;

population (1763), 266.

Северо-Виргинская компания. См. Плимутская компания.

Norwegians, in Iceland, 21.

Nova Scotia, early French settlement, 35, 36;

Claiborne's trade with, 77;

intercolonial relations, 234, 235;

French-English struggles, 252;

in King William's War, 253, 254;

in Queen Anne's War, 255;

removal of the Acadians, 243;

general history, 242-244.

Ocrakoke inlet, English colony on, 38.

Oglethorpe, James, character, 259;

founds Georgia, 259, 260;

campaign against Florida Spaniards, 262, 269, 278.

Ohio Company, its colonization efforts, 283.

Oneida Indians, 10, 11.

Onondaga Indians, 10, 11.

Oregon, aborigines of, 12.

Pacific ocean, crossed by prehistoric vessels, 2;

effect on American exploration, 26, 27, 70;

discovery by Balboa, 26.

— slope, north-shore flora, 2;

difficulties of colonizing, 3;

geography, 3, 4, 6, 7;

early Spanish explorations, 28, 29;

Spanish missions, 31;

Drake's explorations, 37.

Пфальцская война. См. Война короля Вильгельма.

Palatines, in Pennsylvania, 230.

Paper money, governors oppose its issue, 272-274, 278, 289.

Parish, the, in England, 55, 57;

in the South, 56.

Patroon system, in New York, 198-200;

in Delaware, 207, 208.

Pawtuxet, R. I., founded, 160;

the Gorton case, 160, 161.

Penn Charter School, founded, 229.

Penn, William, secures grant of Delaware, 210;

interested in New Jersey, 212, 213, 215;

secures grant of Pennsylvania, 215;

his government, 216;

relations with Indians, 216, 217;

boundary disputes with Maryland, 86;

on American climate, 220;

supported by aristocrats, 224;

introduces physicians, 225;

imports Germans, 230;

plan for colonial union, 270;

death, 217;

his heirs resist taxation of their lands, 273, 274.

—, Admiral Sir William, father of foregoing, 215, 240.

Pennsylvania, settlements, 208, 209, 215;

geography, 219;

social classes, 222-224;

occupations, 224, 225;

trade and commerce, 225, 226;

life and manners, 227-229;

education, 229;

religion, 108, 229, 230;

crime and pauperism, 231;

political conditions, 232, 280, 281;

annexation of Delaware, 210, 216;

development, 216, 217;

witchcraft delusion, 192;

boundary disputes, 86, 268;

disagreement between governor and assembly, 273, 274;

Indian affairs, 170, 277;

paper money, 278;

characteristics, 217;

influence of Virgina ideas, 280;

population (1700), 221, 222, (1750) 265, 266.

Pequod Indians, uprising of, 136, 137, 140-142.

Philadelphia, first medical school, 184;

commerce, 185, 226;

first insane hospital, 231;

arrival of Scotch, 269;

characteristics, 228.

Philip II., king of Spain, 34.

Philip's War, in New England, 169-172, 188.

Phipps, Sir William, governor of Massachusetts, 177, 275, 276;

captures Port Royal, 254.

Pilgrims, their staying qualities, 43;

in Holland, 115-117;

voyage of "Mayflower," 117, 118;

settlement of Plymouth, 118-120;

land-grant on the Hudson, 197.

Piracy, English, on Spanish commerce, 94;

in New York, 206, 207;

in the West Indies, 239, 240;

in Virginia, 273;

in Rhode Island, 276.

Plantation, as a political unit, 56, 73.

Plymouth, England, seat of Plymouth Company, 41, 66, 113, 150, 152.

Plymouth Colony, settled, 116-120, 144;

development, 120-124;

characteristics, 123, 124, 139;

marriages in, 132;

Williams at, 132;

fur-trade on the Connecticut, 140;

in the Gorton case, 160;

treatment of Quakers, 166;

receives royal commissioners, 169;

Indian affairs, 170-172;

joins the confederation, 156;

rule of Andros, 175;

shipbuilding, 185;

merged in Massachusetts, 124, 176;

lesson of the colony, 53.

Plymouth Company, chartered, 66;

Baltimore a councillor, 81;

southern boundary, 82;

relations with New Englanders, 120, 122, 124;

sends out Popham colony, 113;

reorganizes, 114;

grant to Massachusetts Bay Company, 125;

grant to Brook and Say and Sele, 141;

surrenders its charter, 131, 150, 152.

Pokanoket Indians, relations with Plymouth, 121, 170.

Poor whites, genesis of, 74, 100, 110.

Popham, George, heads the Popham colony, 113.

—, Sir John, interest in American colonization, 66, 113.

Population, of Indian tribes, 9-11, 15;

excess of, in Europe, 50, 53, 65;

of Virginia (1650-1670), 76, (1697) 81;

of the South generally (1688), 97;

of Pennsylvania and Delaware (1700), 221, 222;

of the Jerseys (1700), 221;

of New York (1674), 205, (1690) 253, (1700) 220, 221;

of Connecticut (1636), 141;

of Rhode Island (1638), 147;

of Plymouth (1643), 121;

of Massachusetts (1634), 129;

of New England generally (1690), 253, (1700) 180;

of the English colonies generally (1700-1750), 265, 266;

of New France (1690), 253.

Portage paths, situation and importance of, 4;

Indian villages on, 13.

Port Royal, Nova Scotia, founded, 36, 48;

captured by English, 242, 243, 252, 254, 278.

—, S. C., founded by Huguenots, 33, 93;

destroyed by Spanish, 93, 94.

Portsmouth, N. H., founded, 152, 153;

Tory element at, 189.

—, R. I., founded, 147;

declaration, 147, 148;

chartered, 149.

Portuguese, early explorations of, 24, 25, 27;

Alexander's bull of partition and the, 24;

fishing colony at Newfoundland, 26, 37, 241;

South American colonies of the, 44;

colonial policy of, 48;

over-population, 50;

trade with New England, 185.

Presbyterians, in England, 115;

in Scotland, 115, 132, 161;

on the Continent, 115;

in Virginia, 108;

in Massachusetts, 161, 162;

in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 221;

in middle colonies generally, 230;

in the Shenandoah valley, 269.

Providence, R. I., founded, 133, 146;

religious disturbances at, 148, 159;

union with Rhode Island, 147;

the compact, 147;

chartered, 148, 149;

population (1638), 147.

—, Md., former name for Annapolis, 98.

Pueblo Indians, status, 8;

visited by Spaniards, 29, 30;

Spanish missions among, 31, 32.

Puritans, definition of term, 115;

in Holland, 115, 117;

motive of emigration to America, 46;

settle New England, 116-140;

gain ascendency over Massachusetts Presbyterians, 162;

rise to power in England, 169;

in Virginia, 75-78, 108;

in South Carolina, 109;

in Maryland, 84-87;

in middle colonies, 230.

Quakers, in Carolina, 89, 91, 95;

in Virginia, 108;

in Maryland, 86;

in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 210, 215-217, 221-225, 227, 230-232, 274, 277, 281;

in the Jerseys, 212, 213, 221;

in New England, 165, 166, 169.

Quebec, Cartier at, 32;

founded by Champlain, 36, 48, 155, 246;

capital of New France, 251;

captured by English, 252.

Queen Anne's War, 254, 255, 277, 278.

Radisson, Sieur, early French explorer, 247, 248.

Raleigh, Sir Walter, interest in American colonization, 37-40, 52, 65, 68, 88;

resists the Armada, 40.

Randolph, Edward, collector at Boston, 173, 174.

Representation, colonial practice of, 62;

in Virginia, 73;

in Maryland, 83, 84;

in Pennsylvania, 216;

in New Jersey, 211, 212, 214;

in New Netherlands, 200, 201, 223;

in New York, 204 206;

in Connecticut, 143, 145;

in Plymouth, 123;

in Massachusetts, 62, 128, 129;

the Watertown case, 128.

Rhode Island, founded, 133, 135, 146-150;

chartered, 61, 168;

religious disturbances, 148, 149, 159-161, 189, 190, 194;

Mrs. Hutchinson in, 135;

treatment of Quakers, 165, 166;

litigation, 182;

trade, 186;

education, 188;

union of colonies as Providence Plantations, 148;

not permitted to join the confederation, 157;

charter troubles, 175, 177, 266, 267;

boundary disputes, 267, 268;

represented in second colonial congress, 270;

Bellomont's visit, 276;

Indian affairs, 277;

population (1700), 180;

characteristics, 49, 50.

Ridge Hermits, in Pennsylvania, 230.

Rensselaerswyck, N. Y., founded, 199.

Roanoke Island, Raleigh's colony on, 38-40, 88, 119.

Roberval, Jean François de, attempt at French colonization, 32, 33.

Rocky Mountains, a barrier to colonization, 3;

exploration of, 4;

geography of, 6, 7;

aborigines of, 8, 9, 12.

Ryswick, treaty of, 244, 254.

Sable, Isle of, early French colonies on, 35.

Saint-Lusson, Sieur de, early French explorer, 248.

Salem, Mass., founded, 125, 126;

divides, 127;

Williams at, 132, 133;

witchcraft delusion at, 190-192.

Salzburgers, in Georgia, 260, 261.

San Francisco, harbor of, 3;

founded, 31.

Santa Fé, N. Mex., founded, 31, 32.

Sault Ste. Marie, early French visits to, 247, 248;

French settlement at, 253.

Savannah, Ga., founded, 258.

Say and Sele, Lord, attempts to introduce hereditary rank, 59, 129;

Connecticut land-grant to, 141.

Saybrook, Conn., founded, 136, 137, 141, 164;

raided by Indians, 137.

Scandinavians, pre-Columbian discoveries of, 21-23;

on the Delaware, 51.

Schenectady, N. Y., sacked by French and Indians, 206.

Schuylkill River, conflicts between Dutch and English on, 200-202.

Scotch, in Carolina, 93;

in the Jerseys, 211, 213, 221.

Scotch-Irish, in Georgia, 261, 263;

in North Carolina, 97;

in Virginia, 108;

in Shenandoah valley, 269;

in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 221, 222;

in New England, 180;

in Nova Scotia, 242.

Seminoles, status of, 11.

Seneca Indians, status of, 10, 11.

Sewall, Samuel, denounces slavery, 182;

in witchcraft trials, 191, 192.

Shenandoah valley, a home for Scotch Presbyterians, 269.

Shipbuilding in New England, 146, 185;

Block's vessel, 196;

in Pennsylvania, 226.

Shrewsbury, N. J., founded, 211.

Индейцы сиу. См. Дакота.

Шесть племен. См. Ирокезы.

Slavery, in Georgia, 260, 263;

in South Carolina, 99;

in Virginia, 74, 81, 99;

in the South generally, 98, 99, 103, 110;

in the middle colonies, 223, 224;

in New England, 58, 139, 182, 185;

in Illinois, 192;

in the West Indies, 234, 239-241.

Smith, Capt. John, attempts to reach the Pacific, 26;

member of the London Company, 66;

experiences at Jamestown, 70-72;

voyage to New England, 113, 114, 150.

Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, work in South Carolina, 102;

in New York, 229;

in Georgia, 260.

Somers, Sir George, member of London Company, 66, 69, 72;

at Bermudas, 238.

Острова Сомерса. См. Бермудские острова.

Sothel, Seth, governor of North Carolina, 92, 93;

of South Carolina, 94.

South Carolina as Chicora, 27;

settlement of, 90;

landed estates in, 58;

occupations, 102;

religion, 102, 109;

trade, 102, 261;

social life, 107;

becomes a royal province, 267;

boundary established, 268;

Indian affairs, 277;

Oglethorpe's expedition, 278;

influence of Virginia ideas, 280;

political condition, 281;

population (1763), 266.

Southern Indians, status of, 9, 11.

Southold, L. I., founded, 145.

Spaniards, conquest of Mexico and Peru, 8, 11;

treatment of Indians, 17;

early American discoveries, 23, 24;

the bull of partition, 24, 36;

fishermen at Newfoundland, 25, 37;

exploration of American interior, 27-31;

their American colonies, 26, 31, 32, 88;

character of those colonies, 42, 43;

conflicts with France, 32, 34, 93, 94;

influence on English court, 36;

conflicts with English, 38, 39, 237, 239-241, 244;

war with Holland, 196;

the Armada, 40;

their colonial policy, 47, 48;

over-population in Spain, 50;

causes of failure of North American colonies, 42-44;

trade with New England, 185;

conflicts with Georgia, 259-262, 278.

St. Augustine, Fla., founded, 32, 34, 94;

in Oglethorpe's campaign, 259, 261.

St. Christopher, Leeward Islands, 237, 238.

St. John's, Newfoundland, early fisheries at, 37.

St. Lawrence River, gateway to continental interior, 4, 248;

explored by Cartier, 32;

by Champlain, 35, 36;

French claims on, 43, 255, 256;

settlements on, 246, 249, 250, 253.

St. Lucia, Windward Islands, 237.

St. Mary's, Md., founded, 82, 83;

as the capital, 84, 87, 98.

St. Vincent, in Windward Islands, 237.

Stamford, Conn., founded, 145.

Stoughton, William, lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts, 181;

in witchcraft trials, 191.

Stuyvesant, Peter, governor of New Netherlands, 163, 200, 201, 202, 203, 209.

Suffrage in judicial elections, 59;

general qualifications, 61, 62;

in Maryland, 86;

in New Jersey, 213, 214;

in New Netherlands, 200;

in New York, 204, 205;

in Connecticut, 143;

in Massachusetts, 128, 167, 173, 176;

in New England generally, 193.

"Susan Constant," the, carries colonists to Virginia, 69.

Swedes, colonial policy of the, 51;

career of New Sweden, 201, 202, 208, 209;

in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 208-210, 215, 217, 221, 222;

in New Jersey, 211, 221.

Swiss, in North Carolina, 97.

Tarratine Indians, uprising in Maine, 188.

Tennessee, character of early settlers, 269, 283.

Texas, early Spanish exploration of, 28.

Tinicum, island of, seat of Swedish government in America, 208, 215.

Tobago, Windward Islands, 237.

Town, the, in England, 55;

in New England, 57, 62, 139, 140, 192, 193;

in the middle colonies, 57, 204, 216.

Trenton, N. J., characteristics, 228.

Trinidad, Windward Islands, 237.

Tuscarora Indians, join the Five Nations, 11.

Underhill, John, in Pequod War, 137.

Union, schemes for colonial, New England Confederation, 155-158;

first colonial congress, 80, 206, 270;

governmental plans, 267, 270;

second congress, 270, 271.

Usselinx, Willem, founds South Company of Sweden, 208.

Utah, aborigines of, 12.

Utrecht, treaty of, 241-243, 255, 256.

Vaca, Cabeza de, in Narvaez's expedition, 28, 29.

Vane, Sir Henry, governor of Massachusetts, 129, 134, 135.

Van Rensselaer family, 199, 223.

Vermont, soil, 179;

becomes a State, 268.

Verrazano, John, on the American coast, 32, 41.

Virginia, named by Raleigh, 38;

Raleigh's land grants, 40;

causes of early failures in colonizing, 41-44;

geography, 96;

settlement, 69-75;

character of colonists, 97, 114;

landed estates, 58;

judiciary, 60;

suffrage, 61, 62;

first assembly, 62;

first charter, 66-69, 70, 113;

second charter, 72;

development, 75-81;

becomes a royal province, 74;

Bacon's rebellion, 78, 79, 90;

occupations, 102;

commerce, 103, 104;

education, 107, 108;

religion, 108;

witch-ducking, 192;

conflicts with Dutch, 197, 200;

Walloons rejected, 198;

piracy, 273;

Spotswood's term, 269;

Nicholson's term, 273;

includes Bermudas, 238;

Virginia ideas versus New England ideas, 280;

reaching out to the West, 67, 283;

population (1688), 97; (1763), 266.

"Virginia," the early New England pinnace, 185.

Virgin Islands, Leeward group, 237, 238.

Walford, Thomas, settles at Charlestown, 122.

Walloons, settle in New Netherlands, 198, 201;

in Delaware, 207, 208.

Warwick, Earl of, interest in American colonization, 37;

president of Council for New England, 141, 158.

—, R. I., founded, 148;

Gorton case, 160.

Washington, George, education of, 108;

opinion of Bermudas, 239.

Watertown, Mass., founded, 127;

protest against taxation without representation, 62, 128;

emigration to Connecticut, 140.

Welsh, American discoveries by, 21;

in New England, 180;

in Pennsylvania and Delaware, 217, 221.

Wesley, Charles, in Georgia, 262.

—, John, in Georgia, 262.

West Indies, aborigines of, 8;

Spanish conquest of, 43, 47;

Spanish commerce, 39;

piracy, 34;

Portuguese in, 48;

Dutch in, 50;

trade with Southern colonies, 102, 104;

trade with New England, 185;

trade with middle colonies, 226;

intercolonial relations, 234, 235.

West Jersey, 212-214, 216, 221.

Westminster, treaty of, 205.

Wethersfield, Conn., founded, 141;

sacked by Indians, 137.

Weymouth, George, explores New England coast, 41, 65.

Whitefield, George, revival work, 190, 262.

William III., king of England, 206, 253.

— and Mary, sovereigns of England, proclaimed in the colonies, 87, 176.

William and Mary college, chartered, 80, 81, 103.

Williams, Roger, character, 132;

at Salem, 132, 133;

founds Providence, 133, 146, 147, 149, 160;

services in Pequod War, 136;

attitude towards Quakers, 165.

Williamsburg, capital of Virginia, 81, 98.

Wilmington, Del., founded, 201, 208.

—, N. C., early French visit to, 32.

Windsor, Conn., founded, 136, 137, 140, 141.

Windward Islands, English colonies, 236, 237.

Wingfield, Edward Maria, member of London Company, 66;

president of Jamestown, 70.

Winslow, Edward, London agent of Massachusetts, 131, 132;

in the Gorton case, 160;

expression of colonial independence, 161.

Winthrop, John, governor of Massachusetts, 127, 129, 135, 138, 156;

expression of colonial independence, 161.

—, John, Jr., founds Saybrook, 136, 141;

governor of Connecticut, 143;

London agent of Connecticut, 168.

Wisconsin, canoe portages in, 4;

aborigines of, 12;

discovered by Nicolet, 26;

early French explorations in, 247, 248.

Witchcraft delusion, at Salem, 190-192, 275;

elsewhere, 190, 192.

Wocoken, island of, English colony on, 38, 88.

Yale College, founded, 80, 188.

Yeamans, Sir John, leads colony to Carolina, 89, 237;

governor of South Carolina, 93.

York, Duke of, proprietor of New York, 203, 210-212;

becomes James II., 205, 206, 213;

grants Delaware to Pennsylvania, 216.

Zuñi Indians, visited by Spaniards, 29, 30.

ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТА II

СЕВЕРНАЯ АМЕРИКА 1650 г. с указанием притязаний, проистекающих из исследований и оккупации.

ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТА III

АНГЛИЙСКИЕ КОЛОНИИ 1700 г. С указанием масштаба фактической юрисдикции.

ИСТОРИЧЕСКАЯ КАРТА IV

СЕВЕРНАЯ АМЕРИКА 1750 г. С указанием притязаний, проистекающих из исследований и оккупации.

Примечания переписчика:

Пунктуация была приведена к стандарту. Пропущенная пунктуация была добавлена там, где это уместно. Три случая написания имени Уильяма Клейборна через «y» были изменены для единообразия в тексте. Указатель для Огаста, шт. Джорджия, в оригинале расположен не по порядку и не исправлялся. Архаичные и устаревшие написания оставлены без изменений.

Были сделаны следующие исправления в написании: с «da Leon» на «de Leon», выноска, глава II, § 9; с «Greene» на «Green», выноска, глава IV, § 36; с «Roberth» на «Robert», глава IV, § 36; с «browbreat» на «browbeat», глава IV, § 38; с «circumtances» на «circumstances», глава XII, § 110; с «beween» на «between», глава XIV, § 121; с «king Charles» на «King Charles», статья указателя по Массачусетсу; с «Phillip's War» на «Philip's War», дважды, только в указателе.

The following hyphenated words were changed for consistency within the text:

'brow-beat' to 'browbeat,' Chapter IV, § 31

'fire-places' to 'fireplaces,' Chapter V, § 45

'foot-hold' to 'foothold,' Chapter XII, § 112

'free-men' to 'freemen,' Chapter IX, § 89

'heartrending' to 'heart-rending,' Chapter XIV, § 125

'Jersey-men' to 'Jerseymen,' Chapter X, § 92

'long-shore' to 'longshore,' Chapter X, § 94

'overpopulation' to 'over-population,' index, Portuguese and index, Spaniards

're-affirm' to 'reaffirm,' Chapter IV, § 34

'Ship-building' to 'Shipbuilding,' Chapter VII, § 77; index, Massachusetts; and index, Shipbuilding

'vice-regal' to 'viceregal,' Chapter XIV, § 120