Роберт Бёртон

«Анатомия меланхолии»

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As if their souls at once they would have rent,

Out of their breasts, that streams of blood did trail

Adown as if their springs of life were spent,

That all the ground with purple blood was sprent,

And all their armour stain'd with bloody gore,

Yet scarcely once to breath would they relent.

So mortal was their malice and so sore,

That both resolved (than yield) to die before.

Every base swain in love will dare to do as much for his dear mistress' sake. He will fight and fetch, [5494]Argivum Clypeum, that famous buckler of Argos, to do her service, adventure at all, undertake any enterprise. And as Serranus the Spaniard, then Governor of Sluys, made answer to Marquess Spinola, if the enemy brought 50,000 devils against him he would keep it. The nine worthies, Oliver and Rowland, and forty dozen of peers are all in him, he is all mettle, armour of proof, more than a man, and in this case improved beyond himself. For as [5495]Agatho contends, a true lover is wise, just, temperate, and valiant. [5496]“I doubt not, therefore, but if a man had such an army of lovers” (as Castilio supposeth) “he might soon conquer all the world, except by chance he met with such another army of inamoratos to oppose it.” [5497]For so perhaps they might fight as that fatal dog and fatal hare in the heavens, course one another round, and never make an end. Castilio thinks Ferdinand King of Spain would never have conquered Granada, had not Queen Isabel and her ladies been present at the siege: [5498]“It cannot be expressed what courage the Spanish knights took, when the ladies were present, a few Spaniards overcame a multitude of Moors.” They will undergo any danger whatsoever, as Sir Walter Manny in Edward the Third's time, stuck full of ladies' favours, fought like a dragon. For soli amantes, as [5499]Plato holds, pro amicis mori appetunt, only lovers will die for their friends, and in their mistress' quarrel. And for that cause he would have women follow the camp, to be spectators and encouragers of noble actions: upon such an occasion, the [5500]Squire of Dames himself, Sir Lancelot or Sir Tristram, Caesar, or Alexander, shall not be more resolute or go beyond them.

Не только мужество добавляет любовь, но, как я сказал, тонкость, остроумие и много милых ухищрений, Namque dolos inspirat amor, fraudesque ministrat, Юпитер, влюбленный в Леду и не зная, как исполнить свое желание, превратился в лебедя и заставил Венеру преследовать его в облике орла; что она и сделала, и ради укрытия он бежал на колени Леды, et in ejus gremio se collocavit, Леда обняла его и так крепко уснула, sed dormientem Jupiter compressit, посредством чего Юпитер добился своего. Бесконечные такие трюки может придумать любовь, такие прекрасные подвиги в изобилии, с мудростью и осторожностью, quis fallere possit amantem. Все виды вежливости, приличия, комплиментов и хорошего поведения, plus solis et leporis, вежливые грации и веселые остроты. У Боккаччо есть приятная история на этот счет, которую он позаимствовал у греков и которую Бероальд перевел на латынь, Бебелий — в стихах, о Кимоне и Ифигении. Этот Кимон был дураком, статным мужчиной и сыном правителя Кипра, но настоящим ослом, настолько, что его отец, стыдясь его, отправил его на ферму, которая у него была в деревне, чтобы он воспитывался там. Где случайно, как это было в его обычае, гуляя в одиночестве, он увидел прекрасную молодую дворянку по имени Ифигения, дочь бургомистра Кипра, со своей служанкой, у ручья в небольшой роще, крепко спящую в одной сорочке, где она только что искупалась: «Когда Кимон увидел ее, он стоял, опираясь на свой посох, разинув рот на нее, неподвижный и в изумлении»; наконец он настолько влюбился в славный объект, что начал приходить в себя, задумываться, кто он такой, захотел последовать за ней в город и ради нее начал становиться вежливым, учиться петь и танцевать, играть на инструментах и за короткое время приобрел все те джентльменские качества и комплименты, чему его друзья были очень рады. Вкратце, он стал из идиота и клоуна одним из самых совершенных джентльменов на Кипре, совершил много доблестных подвигов, и все ради любви к госпоже Ифигении. Одним словом, я могу сказать о них всех следующее: пусть они будут какими угодно клоунскими, грубыми и ужасными, Гробианами и неряхами, если однажды они влюбятся, они будут самыми опрятными и щегольскими; ибо, Omnibus rebus, et nitidis nitoribus antevenit amor, они будут следовать моде, начнут прихорашиваться и иметь хорошее мнение о себе, venustatem enim mater Venus; корабль не так долго оснащается, как молодая дворянка прихорашивается перед приходом своего возлюбленного. Мастерская художника, цветущий луг, не имеют столь грациозного вида в сокровищнице природы, как молодая дева, nubilis puella, новиция или венецианская невеста, которая ждет мужа, или молодой человек, который является ее поклонником; спокойные взгляды, спокойная походка, одежда, жесты, действия, все спокойно; все грации, элегантности в мире — на ее лице. Их лучшие платья, ленты, цепочки, драгоценности, кисея, белье, кружева, блестки должны быть надеты, praeter quam res patitur student elegantiae, они сверх всякой меры кокетливы, привередливы и слишком любопытны внезапно; это вся их учеба, все их дело, как носить одежду опрятно, быть вежливыми и изысканными и выставлять себя напоказ. Не успеет молодой человек увидеть свою возлюбленную, как он прихорашивается, подтягивает плащ, упавший на плечи, завязывает подвязки, шнурки, поправляет воротник, манжеты, приглаживает волосы, крутит бороду и т. д. Когда Меркурий должен был предстать перед своей госпожой,

[5507]———Chlamydemque ut pendeat apte

Collocat, ut limbus totumque appareat aurum.

He put his cloak in order, that the lace.

And hem, and gold-work, all might have his grace.

Салмакида не хотела, чтобы ее видел Гермафродит, пока она сначала не прихорашивалась,

[5508]Nec tamen ante adiit, etsi properabat adire,

Quam se composuit, quam circumspexit amictus,

Et finxit vultum, et meruit formosa videri.

Nor did she come, although 'twas her desire,

Till she compos'd herself, and trimm'd her tire,

And set her looks to make him to admire.

Венера так устроила дело, что когда ее сын Эней должен был предстать перед королевой Дидоной, он был

(Os humerosque deo similis (namque ipsa decoram

Caesariem nato genetrix, lumenque juventae

Purpureum et laetos oculis afflarat honores.)

like a god, for she was the tire-woman herself, to set him out with all natural and artificial impostures. As mother Mammea did her son Heliogabalus, new chosen emperor, when he was to be seen of the people first. When the hirsute cyclopical Polyphemus courted Galatea;

[5510]Jamque tibi formae, jamque est tibi cura placendi,

Jam rigidos pectis rastris Polypheme capillos,

Jam libet hirsutam tibi falce recidere barbam,

Et spectare feros in aqua et componere vultus.

And then he did begin to prank himself,

To plait and comb his head, and beard to shave,

And look his face i' th' water as a glass,

And to compose himself for to be brave.

He was upon a sudden now spruce and keen, as a new ground hatchet. He now began to have a good opinion of his own features and good parts, now to be a gallant.

Jam Galatea veni, nec munera despice nostra,

Certe ego me novi, liquidaque in imagine vidi

Nuper aquae, placuitque mihi mea forma videnti.

Come now, my Galatea, scorn me not,

Nor my poor presents; for but yesterday

I saw myself i' th' water, and methought

Full fair I was, then scorn me not I say.

[5511]Non sum adeo informis, nuper me in littore vidi,

Cum placidum ventis staret mare———

Это обычный юмор всех поклонников — прихорашиваться, быть расточительными в одежде, pure lotus, опрятными, причесанными и завитыми, с напудренными волосами, comptus et calimistratus, с длинным любовным локоном, цветком в ухе, надушенными перчатками, кольцами, шарфами, перьями, шнурками и т. д., как будто он Ганимед принца, с новыми костюмами каждый день, как меняется мода; идя так, как будто он ступает по яйцам, как Гейнзий писал Примиеру: «если однажды он будет одурачен девкой, он должен бодрствовать по ночам, отречься от своей книги, вздыхать и сетовать, время от времени плакать о своей тяжелой доле и отмечать прежде всего, какие шляпы, воротники, дублеты, бриджи в моде, как стричь бороду и носить локоны, подкручивать усы и завивать голову, подстригать свою острую бородку, или если он носит ее распущенной, чтобы восточная сторона соответствовала западной»; иначе над ним могут посмеяться, как над Юлианом, тем отступником-императором, за ношение длинной косматой козлиной бороды, пригодной для изготовления веревок, как в его «Мисопогоне», или той апологитической речи, которую он произнес в Антиохии, чтобы оправдаться, он иронично признается, что это мешало его поцелуям, nam non licuit inde pura puris, eoque suavioribus labra labris adjungere, но он не особо ценил это, как кажется из продолжения, de accipiendis dandisve osculis non laboro, все же (следуя моему автору) это может сильно волновать молодого любовника, он должен быть более уважительным в этом отношении, «он должен быть в союзе с отличным портным, цирюльником»,

[5513]Tonsorem pucrum sed arte talem,

Qualis nec Thalamis fuit Neronis;

“have neat shoe-ties, points, garters, speak in print, walk in print, eat and drink in print, and that which is all in all, he must be mad in print.”

Среди прочих добрых качеств, коими наделен влюбленный, он должен научиться петь и танцевать, играть на том или ином инструменте, ибо, несомненно, он к этому придет, если будет по-настоящему тронут этим магнитом любви. Ибо, как говорит Эразм, Musicam docet amor et Poesia, любовь сделает их музыкантами, заставит сочинять песенки, мадригалы, элегии, любовные сонеты и петь их на разные приятные мотивы, чтобы обрести все те добрые качества, какие только можно получить. Юпитер заметил, что Меркурий влюбился в Филологию, потому что тот выучил языки, изящную речь (ибо сама Суадела была дочерью Венеры, как пишут некоторые), искусства и науки, quo virgini placeret, — все ради того, чтобы снискать расположение и угодить своей возлюбленной. Их главная забота — петь и танцевать; и вне всякого сомнения, столь многие джентльмены и дамы не были бы столь искусны в этом роде занятий, если бы любовь не побуждала их к тому. «Кто, — говорит Кастильоне, — стал бы учиться играть или посвящать свой ум музыке, учиться танцевать или сочинять столько рифм, любовных песен, как делает большинство, если не ради женщин, потому что они надеются таким образом снискать их добрую волю и завоевать их расположение?» Мы видим это ежедневно подтверждаемым на наших молодых женщинах и женах: те, кто, будучи девицами, так старались петь, играть и танцевать, с такими затратами и издержками для своих родителей, чтобы обрести эти грациозные качества, теперь, выйдя замуж, едва ли прикоснутся к инструменту, они не заботятся об этом. Константин (agricult. lib. 11. cap. 18) делает самого Купидона великим танцором; по тому же признаку, когда он скакал среди богов, «он опрокинул чашу с нектаром, которая, пролившись на белую розу, с тех пор сделала ее красной»; а Каллистрат с помощью Дедала вокруг статуи Купидона изобразил множество юных девиц, танцующих без устали, чтобы, по-видимому, показать, что Купидон был весьма к этому расположен, как, вне всякого сомнения, и было. Ибо на его свадьбе с Психеей, когда боги присутствовали, чтобы украсить пир, Ганимед в изобилии разливал нектар (как описывает Апулей), Вулкан был поваром, Горы украсили все розами и цветами, Аполлон играл на арфе, Музы пели под нее, sed suavi Musicae super ingressa Venus saltavit, но его мать Венера танцевала к его и их сладостному удовольствию. Остроумный Лукиан в том патетическом любовном отрывке, или приятном описании похищения Юпитером Европы и его плавания из Финикии на Крит, делает море спокойным, ветры — затихшими, Нептуна и Амфитриту, едущих в своей колеснице, чтобы разбивать волны перед ними, тритонов, танцующих вокруг, каждый с факелом, морских нимф, полуобнаженных, отбивающих такт на спинах дельфинов и поющих Гименей, Купидона, проворно порхающего по поверхности вод, и саму Венеру, следующую позади в раковине, разбрасывающую розы и цветы на их головы. Пракситель на всех своих картинах любви изображает Купидона всегда улыбающимся и смотрящим на танцоров; а в соборе Святого Марка в Риме (чья это работа, я не знаю) одна из самых восхитительных частей — это множество сатиров, танцующих вокруг спящей девицы. Так что танец всегда является как бы необходимым дополнением к любовным делам. Юные девицы никогда не бывают так довольны, как когда в праздник, после вечерни, они могут встретиться со своими возлюбленными и танцевать вокруг майского дерева или на деревенской лужайке под тенистым вязом. Ничто так не привычно во Франции, как то, что жены горожан и девицы водят хоровод на улицах, а зачастую и, за неимением лучших инструментов, извлекают хорошую музыку из собственных голосов и танцуют под нее. Да, зачастую эта любовь заставляет стариков и старух, у которых больше пальцев на ногах, чем зубов, танцевать — «Джон, поцелуй меня сейчас», маска и мим; ибо Комос и Гимен любят маски и все подобные увеселения сверх меры, позволят мужчинам в некоторых случаях надевать женскую одежду и беспорядочно танцевать, молодым и старым, богатым и бедным, благородным и низким, всех сортов. Павел Иовий порицает Августина Нифа, философа, «за то, что, будучи стариком, публичным профессором, отцом многих детей, он был так безумен от любви к молодой девице (на что многим его друзьям было стыдно смотреть), старый подагрик, а все же хотел танцевать под скрипачей». Многие высмеивали его за это, но эта всемогущая любовь хотела, чтобы было так.

[5524]Hyacinthino bacillo

Properans amor, me adegit

Violenter ad sequendum.

Love hasty with his purple staff did make

Me follow and the dance to undertake.

And 'tis no news this, no indecorum; for why? a good reason may be given of it. Cupid and death met both in an inn; and being merrily disposed, they did exchange some arrows from either quiver; ever since young men die, and oftentimes old men dote—[5525]Sic moritur Juvenis, sic moribundus amat. And who can then withstand it? If once we be in love, young or old, though our teeth shake in our heads, like virginal jacks, or stand parallel asunder like the arches of a bridge, there is no remedy, we must dance trenchmore for a need, over tables, chairs, and stools, &c. And princum prancum is a fine dance. Plutarch, Sympos. 1. quaest. 5. doth in some sort excuse it, and telleth us moreover in what sense, Musicam docet amor, licet prius fuerit rudis, how love makes them that had no skill before learn to sing and dance; he concludes, 'tis only that power and prerogative love hath over us. [5526]“Love” (as he holds) “will make a silent man speak, a modest man most officious; dull, quick; slow, nimble; and that which is most to be admired, a hard, base, untractable churl, as fire doth iron in a smith's forge, free, facile, gentle, and easy to be entreated.” Nay, 'twill make him prodigal in the other extreme, and give a [5527]hundred sesterces for a night's lodging, as they did of old to Lais of Corinth, or [5528] ducenta drachmarum millia pro unica nocte, as Mundus to Paulina, spend all his fortunes (as too many do in like case) to obtain his suit. For which cause many compare love to wine, which makes men jovial and merry, frolic and sad, whine, sing, dance, and what not.

Но превыше всех прочих симптомов влюбленных не следует упускать из виду тот, что, вероятно, в каком бы положении они ни находились, если уж они влюбились, то по мере своих способностей превращаются в рифмоплетов, сочинителей баллад и поэтов. Ибо, как говорит Плутарх, «они будут свидетелями и трубачами достоинств своих возлюбленных, украшая их стихами и хвалебными песнями, как мы статуи золотом, чтобы их помнили и ими восхищались все». Пожилые люди иногда впадают в безумие в этом роде так же, как и остальные; жар любви растопит их замерзшие чувства, растворит лед старости и настолько придаст им сил, что, будучи шестидесяти лет от роду выше пояса, они едва ли будут казаться тридцатилетними ниже. Иовиан Понтано заставляет старого дурака рифмовать и становиться поэтишкой, чтобы угодить своей даме.

[5530]Ne ringas Mariana, meos me dispice canos,

De sene nam juvenem dia referre potes, &c.

Sweet Marian do not mine age disdain,

For thou canst make an old man young again.

They will be still singing amorous songs and ditties (if young especially), and cannot abstain though it be when they go to, or should be at church. We have a pretty story to this purpose in [5531]Westmonasteriensis, an old writer of ours (if you will believe it) An. Dom. 1012. at Colewiz in Saxony, on Christmas eve a company of young men and maids, whilst the priest was at mass in the church, were singing catches and love songs in the churchyard, he sent to them to make less noise, but they sung on still: and if you will, you shall have the very song itself.

Equitabat homo per sylvam frondosam,

Ducebatque secum Meswinden formosam.

Quid stamus, cur non imus?

A fellow rid by the greenwood side,

And fair Meswinde was his bride,

Why stand we so, and do not go?

This they sung, he chaft, till at length, impatient as he was, he prayed to St. Magnus, patron of the church, they might all three sing and dance till that time twelvemonth, and so [5532]they did without meat and drink, wearisomeness or giving over, till at year's end they ceased singing, and were absolved by Herebertus archbishop of Cologne. They will in all places be doing thus, young folks especially, reading love stories, talking of this or that young man, such a fair maid, singing, telling or hearing lascivious tales, scurrilous tunes, such objects are their sole delight, their continual meditation, and as Guastavinius adds, Com. in 4. Sect. 27. Prov. Arist. ob seminis abundantiam crebrae cogitationes, veneris frequens recordatio et pruriens voluptas, &c. an earnest longing comes hence, pruriens corpus, pruriens anima, amorous conceits, tickling thoughts, sweet and pleasant hopes; hence it is, they can think, discourse willingly, or speak almost of no other subject. 'Tis their only desire, if it may be done by art, to see their husband's picture in a glass, they'll give anything to know when they shall be married, how many husbands they shall have, by cromnyomantia, a kind of divination with [5533]onions laid on the altar on Christmas eve, or by fasting on St. Anne's eve or night, to know who shall be their first husband, or by amphitormantia, by beans in a cake, &c., to burn the same. This love is the cause of all good conceits, [5534] neatness, exornations, plays, elegancies, delights, pleasant expressions, sweet motions, and gestures, joys, comforts, exultancies, and all the sweetness of our life, [5535]qualis jam vita foret, aut quid jucundi sine aurea Venere? [5536]Emoriar cum ista non amplius mihi cura fuerit, let me live no longer than I may love, saith a mad merry fellow in Mimnermus. This love is that salt that seasoneth our harsh and dull labours, and gives a pleasant relish to our other unsavoury proceedings, [5537]Absit amor, surgunt tenebrae, torpedo, veternum, pestis, &c. All our feasts almost, masques, mummings, banquets, merry meetings, weddings, pleasing songs, fine tunes, poems, love stories, plays, comedies, Atellans, jigs, Fescennines, elegies, odes, &c. proceed hence. [5538]Danaus, the son of Belus, at his daughter's wedding at Argos, instituted the first plays (some say) that ever were heard of symbols, emblems, impresses, devices, if we shall believe Jovius, Coutiles, Paradine, Camillus de Camillis, may be ascribed to it. Most of our arts and sciences, painting amongst the rest, was first invented, saith [5539]Patritius ex amoris beneficio, for love's sake. For when the daughter of [5540]Deburiades the Sycionian, was to take leave of her sweetheart now going to wars, ut desiderio ejus minus tabesceret, to comfort herself in his absence, she took his picture with coal upon a wall, as the candle gave the shadow, which her father admiring, perfected afterwards, and it was the first picture by report that ever was made. And long after, Sycion for painting, carving, statuary, music, and philosophy, was preferred before all the cities in Greece. [5541]Apollo was the first inventor of physic, divination, oracles; Minerva found out weaving, Vulcan curious ironwork, Mercury letters, but who prompted all this into their heads? Love, Nunquam talia invenissent, nisi talia adamassent, they loved such things, or some party, for whose sake they were undertaken at first. 'Tis true, Vulcan made a most admirable brooch or necklace, which long after Axion and Temenus, Phegius' sons, for the singular worth of it, consecrated to Apollo at Delphos, but Pharyllus the tyrant stole it away, and presented it to Ariston's wife, on whom he miserably doted (Parthenius tells the story out of Phylarchus); but why did Vulcan make this excellent Ouch? to give Hermione Cadmus' wife, whom he dearly loved. All our tilts and tournaments, orders of the garter, golden fleece, &c.—Nobilitas sub amore jacet—owe their beginnings to love, and many of our histories. By this means, saith Jovius, they would express their loving minds to their mistress, and to the beholders. 'Tis the sole subject almost of poetry, all our invention tends to it, all our songs, whatever those old Anacreons: (and therefore Hesiod makes the Muses and Graces still follow Cupid, and as Plutarch holds, Menander and the rest of the poets were love's priests,) all our Greek and Latin epigrammatists, love writers. Antony Diogenes the most ancient, whose epitome we find in Phocius Bibliotheca, Longus Sophista, Eustathius, Achilles, Tatius, Aristaenetus, Heliodorus, Plato, Plutarch, Lucian, Parthenius, Theodorus, Prodromus, Ovid, Catullus, Tibullus, &c. Our new Ariostoes, Boyards, Authors of Arcadia, Urania, Faerie Queen, &c. Marullus, Leotichius, Angerianus, Stroza, Secundus, Capellanus, &c. with the rest of those facete modern poets, have written in this kind, are but as so many symptoms of love. Their whole books are a synopsis or breviary of love, the portuous of love, legends of lovers' lives and deaths, and of their memorable adventures, nay more, quod leguntur, quod laudantur amori debent, as [5542]Nevisanus the lawyer holds, “there never was any excellent poet that invented good fables, or made laudable verses, which was not in love himself;” had he not taken a quill from Cupid's wings, he could never have written so amorously as he did.

[5543]Cynthia te vatem fecit lascive Properti,

Ingenium Galli pulchra Lycoris habet.

Fama est arguti Nemesis formosa Tibulli,

Lesbia dictavit docte Catulle tibi.

Non me Pelignus, nec spernet Mantua vatem,

Si qua Corinna mihi, si quis Alexis erit.

Wanton Propertius and witty Callus,

Subtile Tibullus, and learned Catullus,

It was Cynthia, Lesbia, Lychoris,

That made you poets all; and if Alexis,

Or Corinna chance my paramour to be,

Virgil and Ovid shall not despise me.

[5544]Non me carminibus vincet nec Thraceus Orpheus,

Nec Linus.

Petrarch's Laura made him so famous, Astrophel's Stella, and Jovianus Pontanus' mistress was the cause of his roses, violets, lilies, nequitiae, blanditiae, joci, decor, nardus, ver, corolla, thus, Mars, Pallas, Venus, Charis, crocum, Laurus, unguentem, costum, lachrymae, myrrha, musae, &c. and the rest of his poems; why are Italians at this day generally so good poets and painters? Because every man of any fashion amongst them hath his mistress. The very rustics and hog-rubbers, Menalcas and Corydon, qui faetant de stercore equino, those fulsome knaves, if once they taste of this love-liquor, are inspired in an instant. Instead of those accurate emblems, curious impresses, gaudy masques, tilts, tournaments, &c., they have their wakes, Whitsun-ales, shepherd's feasts, meetings on holidays, country dances, roundelays, writing their names on [5545]trees, true lover's knots, pretty gifts.

With tokens, hearts divided, and half rings,

Shepherds in their loves are as coy as kings.

Choosing lords, ladies, kings, queens, and valentines, &c., they go by couples,

Corydon's Phillis, Nysa and Mopsus,

With dainty Dousibel and Sir Tophus.

Instead of odes, epigrams and elegies, &c., they have their ballads, country tunes, “O the broom, the bonny, bonny broom,” ditties and songs, “Bess a belle, she doth excel,”—they must write likewise and indite all in rhyme.

[5546]Thou honeysuckle of the hawthorn hedge,

Vouchsafe in Cupid's cup my heart to pledge;

My heart's dear blood, sweet Cis is thy carouse

Worth all the ale in Gammer Gubbin's house.

I say no more, affairs call me away,

My father's horse for provender doth stay.

Be thou the Lady Cressetlight to me.

Sir Trolly Lolly will I prove to thee.

Written in haste, farewell my cowslip sweet,

Pray let's a Sunday at the alehouse meet.

Your most grim stoics and severe philosophers will melt away with this passion, and if [5547]Atheneus belie them not, Aristippus, Apollodorus, Antiphanes, &c., have made love-songs and commentaries of their mistress' praises, [5548]orators write epistles, princes give titles, honours, what not? [5549]Xerxes gave to Themistocles Lampsacus to find him wine, Magnesia for bread, and Myunte for the rest of his diet. The [5550]Persian kings allotted whole cities to like use, haec civitas mulieri redimiculum praebeat, haec in collum, haec in crines, one whole city served to dress her hair, another her neck, a third her hood. Ahasuerus would [5551]have given Esther half his empire, and [5552]Herod bid Herodias “ask what she would, she should have it.” Caligula gave 100,000 sesterces to his courtesan at first word, to buy her pins, and yet when he was solicited by the senate to bestow something to repair the decayed walls of Rome for the commonwealth's good, he would give but 6000 sesterces at most. [5553]Dionysius, that Sicilian tyrant, rejected all his privy councillors, and was so besotted on Mirrha his favourite and mistress, that he would bestow no office, or in the most weightiest business of the kingdom do aught without her especial advice, prefer, depose, send, entertain no man, though worthy and well deserving, but by her consent; and he again whom she commended, howsoever unfit, unworthy, was as highly approved. Kings and emperors, instead of poems, build cities; Adrian built Antinoa in Egypt, besides constellations, temples, altars, statues, images, &c., in the honour of his Antinous. Alexander bestowed infinite sums to set out his Hephestion to all eternity. [5554]Socrates professeth himself love's servant, ignorant in all arts and sciences, a doctor alone in love matters, et quum alienarum rerum omnium scientiam diffiteretur, saith [5555]Maximus Tyrius, his sectator, hujus negotii professor, &c., and this he spake openly, at home and abroad, at public feasts, in the academy, in Pyraeo, Lycaeo, sub Platano, &c., the very bloodhound of beauty, as he is styled by others. But I conclude there is no end of love's symptoms, 'tis a bottomless pit. Love is subject to no dimensions; not to be surveyed by any art or engine: and besides, I am of [5556]Haedus' mind, “no man can discourse of love matters, or judge of them aright, that hath not made trial in his own person,” or as Aeneas Sylvius [5557]adds, “hath not a little doted, been mad or lovesick himself.” I confess I am but a novice, a contemplator only, Nescio quid sit amor nec amo[5558]—I have a tincture; for why should I lie, dissemble or excuse it, yet homo sum, &c., not altogether inexpert in this subject, non sum praeceptor amandi, and what I say, is merely reading, ex altorum forsan ineptiis, by mine own observation, and others' relation.

ГЛАВА IV.

Прогнозы любовной меланхолии.

Какие пожары, мучения, заботы, ревность, подозрения, страхи, горести, тревоги сопровождают тех, кто влюблен, я уже достаточно сказал: следующий вопрос — каков будет исход таких страданий, что они предвещают. Некоторые придерживаются мнения, что эту любовь нельзя вылечить, Nullis amor est medicabilis herbis, она сопровождает их до конца, Idem amor exitio est pecori pecorisque magistro. «Та же страсть губит и овцу, и пастуха», и она настолько непрерывна, что почти никакими уговорами ее нельзя облегчить. «Не проси меня не любить, — говорил Эвриал, — прикажи горам сойти на равнины, прикажи рекам течь вспять к своим истокам; я скорее смогу перестать любить, чем солнце оставит свой путь».

[5561]Et prius aequoribus pisces, et montibus umbrae,

Et volucres deerunt sylvis, et murmura ventis,

Quam mihi discedent formosae Amaryllidis ignes.

First seas shall want their fish, the mountains shade

Woods singing birds, the wind's murmur shall fade,

Than my fair Amaryllis' love allay'd.

Bid me not love, bid a deaf man hear, a blind man see, a dumb speak, lame run, counsel can do no good, a sick man cannot relish, no physic can ease me. Non prosunt domino quae prosunt omnibus artes. As Apollo confessed, and Jupiter himself could not be cured.

[5562]Omnes humanos curat medicina dolores,

Solus amor morbi non habet artificem.

Physic can soon cure every disease,

[5563]Excepting love that can it not appease.

But whether love may be cured or no, and by what means, shall be explained in his place; in the meantime, if it take his course, and be not otherwise eased or amended, it breaks out into outrageous often and prodigious events. Amor et Liber violenti dii sunt) as [5564]Tatius observes, et eousque animum incendunt, ut pudoris oblivisci cogant, love and Bacchus are so violent gods, so furiously rage in our minds, that they make us forget all honesty, shame, and common civility. For such men ordinarily, as are thoroughly possessed with this humour, become insensati et insani, for it is [5565]amor insanus, as the poet calls it, beside themselves, and as I have proved, no better than beasts, irrational, stupid, headstrong, void of fear of God or men, they frequently forswear themselves, spend, steal, commit incests, rapes, adulteries, murders, depopulate towns, cities, countries, to satisfy their lust.

[5566]A devil 'tis, and mischief such doth work,

As never yet did Pagan, Jew, or Turk.

The wars of Troy may be a sufficient witness; and as Appian, lib. 5. hist, saith of Antony and Cleopatra, [5567]“Their love brought themselves and all Egypt into extreme and miserable calamities,” “the end of her is as bitter as wormwood, and as sharp as a two-edged sword,” Prov. v. 4, 5. “Her feet go down to death, her steps lead on to hell. She is more bitter than death,” (Eccles. vii. 28.) “and the sinner shall be taken by her.” [5568]Qui in amore praecipitavit, pejus perit, quam qui saxo salit. [5569]“He that runs headlong from the top of a rock is not in so bad a case as he that falls into this gulf of love.” “For hence,” saith [5570] Platina, “comes repentance, dotage, they lose themselves, their wits, and make shipwreck of their fortunes altogether:” madness, to make away themselves and others, violent death. Prognosticatio est talis, saith Gordonius, [5571]si non succurratur iis, aut in maniam cadunt, aut moriuntur; the prognostication is, they will either run mad, or die. “For if this passion continue,” saith [5572]Aelian Montaltus, “it makes the blood hot, thick, and black; and if the inflammation get into the brain, with continual meditation and waking, it so dries it up, that madness follows, or else they make away themselves,” [5573]O Corydon, Corydon, quae te dementia cepit? Now, as Arnoldus adds, it will speedily work these effects, if it be not presently helped; [5574]“They will pine away, run mad, and die upon a sudden;” Facile incidunt in maniam, saith Valescus, quickly mad, nisi succurratur, if good order be not taken,

[5575]Ehou triste jugum quisquis amoris habet,

Is prius se norit se periisse perit.

Oh heavy yoke of love, which whoso bears,

Is quite undone, and that at unawares.

So she confessed of herself in the poet,

[5576]———insaniam priusquam quis sentiat,

Vix pili intervallo a furore absum.

I shall be mad before it be perceived,

A hair-breadth off scarce am I, now distracted.

As mad as Orlando for his Angelica, or Hercules for his Hylas,

At ille ruebat quo pedes ducebant, furibundus,

Nam illi saevus Deus jntus jecur laniabat.

He went he car'd not whither, mad he was,

The cruel God so tortured him, alas!

At the sight of Hero I cannot tell how many ran mad,

[5577]Alius vulnus celans insanit pulchritudine puellae.

And whilst he doth conceal his grief,

Madness comes on him like a thief.

Go to Bedlam for examples. It is so well known in every village, how many have either died for love, or voluntary made away themselves, that I need not much labour to prove it: [5578]Nec modus aut requies nisi mors reperitur amoris: death is the common catastrophe to such persons.

[5579]Mori mihi contingat, non enim alia

Liberatio ab aeramnis fuerit ullo paeto istis.

Would I were dead, for nought, God knows,

But death can rid me of these woes.

As soon as Euryalus departed from Senes, Lucretia, his paramour, “never looked up, no jests could exhilarate her sad mind, no joys comfort her wounded and distressed soul, but a little after she fell sick and died.” But this is a gentle end, a natural death, such persons commonly make away themselves.

———proprioque in sanguine laetus,

Indignantem animam vacuas elludit in auras;

so did Dido; Sed moriamur ait, sic sic juvat ire per umbras; [5580] Pyramus and Thisbe, Medea, [5581]Coresus and Callirhoe, [5582]Theagines the philosopher, and many myriads besides, and so will ever do,

[5583]———et mihi fortis

Est manus, est et amor, dabit hic in vulnera vires.

Whoever heard a story of more woe,

Than that of Juliet and her Romeo?

Read Parthenium in Eroticis, and Plutarch's amatorias narrationes, or love stories, all tending almost to this purpose. Valleriola, lib. 2. observ. 7, hath a lamentable narration of a merchant, his patient, [5584] “that raving through impatience of love, had he not been watched, would every while have offered violence to himself.” Amatus Lusitanus, cent. 3. car. 56, hath such [5585]another story, and Felix Plater, med. observ. lib. 1. a third of a young [5586]gentleman that studied physic, and for the love of a doctor's daughter, having no hope to compass his desire, poisoned himself, [5587]anno 1615. A barber in Frankfort, because his wench was betrothed to another, cut his own throat. [5588]At Neoburg, the same year, a young man, because he could not get her parents' consent, killed his sweetheart, and afterward himself, desiring this of the magistrate, as he gave up the ghost, that they might be buried in one grave, Quodque rogis superest una requiescat in urna, which [5589] Gismunda besought of Tancredus, her father, that she might be in like sort buried with Guiscardus, her lover, that so their bodies might lie together in the grave, as their souls wander about [5590]Campos lugentes in the Elysian fields,—quos durus amor crudeli tabe peredit, [5591]in a myrtle grove

[5592]———et myrtea circum

Sylva tegit: curae non ipsa in morte relinquunt.

You have not yet heard the worst, they do not offer violence to themselves in this rage of lust, but unto others, their nearest and dearest friends. [5593]Catiline killed his only son, misitque ad orci pallida, lethi obnubila, obsita tenebris loca, for the love of Aurelia Oristella, quod ejus nuptias vivo filio recusaret. [5594]Laodice, the sister of Mithridates, poisoned her husband, to give content to a base fellow whom she loved. [5595]Alexander, to please Thais, a concubine of his, set Persepolis on fire. [5596]Nereus' wife, a widow, and lady of Athens, for the love of a Venetian gentleman, betrayed the city; and he for her sake murdered his wife, the daughter of a nobleman in Venice. [5597]Constantine Despota made away Catherine, his wife, turned his son Michael and his other children out of doors, for the love of a base scrivener's daughter in Thessalonica, with whose beauty he was enamoured. [5598]Leucophria betrayed the city where she dwelt, for her sweetheart's sake, that was in the enemies' camp. [5599]Pithidice, the governor's daughter of Methinia, for the love of Achilles, betrayed the whole island to him, her father's enemy. [5600]Diognetus did as much in the city where he dwelt, for the love of Policrita, Medea for the love of Jason, she taught him how to tame the fire-breathing brass-feeted bulls, and kill the mighty dragon that kept the golden fleece, and tore her little brother Absyrtus in pieces, that her father. Aethes might have something to detain him, while she ran away with her beloved Jason, &c. Such acts and scenes hath this tragicomedy of love.

ГЛАВА V.

ПОДРАЗДЕЛ 1. — Лечение любовной меланхолии трудом, диетой, медициной, постом и т. д.

Хотя некоторыми оспаривается, можно ли вылечить любовную меланхолию, поскольку это столь непреодолимая и неистовая страсть; ибо, как вы знаете,

[5601]———facilis descensus Averni;

Sed revocare gradum, superasque evadere ad auras;

Hic labor, hoc opus est.———

It is an easy passage down to hell,

But to come back, once there, you cannot well.

Yet without question, if it be taken in time, it may be helped, and by many good remedies amended. Avicenna, lib. 3. Fen. cap. 23. et 24. sets down seven compendious ways how this malady may be eased, altered, and expelled. Savanarola 9. principal observations, Jason Pratensis prescribes eight rules besides physic, how this passion may be tamed, Laurentius 2. main precepts, Arnoldus, Valleriola, Montaltus, Hildesheim, Langius, and others inform us otherwise, and yet all tending to, the same purpose. The sum of which I will briefly epitomise, (for I light my candle from their torches) and enlarge again upon occasion, as shall seem best to me, and that after mine own method. The first rule to be observed in this stubborn and unbridled passion, is exercise and diet. It is an old and well-known, sentence, Sine Cerere et Saccho friget Venus (love grows cool without bread and wine). As an [5602]idle sedentary life, liberal feeding, are great causes of it, so the opposite, labour, slender and sparing diet, with continual business, are the best and most ordinary means to prevent it.

Otio si tollas, periere Cupidinis artes,

Contemptaeque jacent, et sine luce faces.

Take idleness away, and put to flight

Are Cupid's arts, his torches give no light.

Minerva, Diana, Vesta, and the nine Muses were not enamoured at all, because they never were idle.

[5603]Frustra blanditae appulistis ad has,

Frustra nequitiae venistis ad has,

Frustra delitiae obsidebitis has,

Frustra has illecebrae, et procacitates,

Et suspiria, et oscula, et susurri,

Et quisquis male sana corda amantum

Blandis ebria fascinat venenis.

In vain are all your flatteries,

In vain are all your knaveries,

Delights, deceits, procacities,

Sighs, kisses, and conspiracies,

And whate'er is done by art,

To bewitch a lover's heart.

'Tis in vain to set upon those that are busy. 'Tis Savanarola's third rule, Occupari in multis et magnis negotiis, and Avicenna's precept, cap. 24. [5604]Cedit amor rebus; res, age tutus eris. To be busy still, and as [5605]Guianerius enjoins, about matters of great moment, if it may be. [5606]Magninus adds, “Never to be idle but at the hours of sleep.”

[5607]———et si

Poscas ante diem librum cum lumine, si non

Intendas animum studiis, et rebus honestis,

Invidia vel amore miser torquebere.———

For if thou dost not ply thy book,

By candlelight to study bent,

Employ'd about some honest thing,

Envy or love shall thee torment.

No better physic than to be always occupied, seriously intent.

[5608]Cur in penates rarius tenues subit,

Haec delicatas eligens pestis domus,

Mediumque sanos vulgus affectuss tenet? &c.

Why dost thou ask, poor folks are often free,

And dainty places still molested be?

Because poor people fare coarsely, work hard, go woolward and bare. [5609] Non habet unde suum paupertas pascat amorem. [5610]Guianerius therefore prescribes his patient “to go with hair-cloth next his skin, to go barefooted, and barelegged in cold weather, to whip himself now and then, as monks do, but above all to fast.” Not with sweet wine, mutton and pottage, as many of those tender-bellies do, howsoever they put on Lenten faces, and whatsoever they pretend, but from all manner of meat. Fasting is an all-sufficient remedy of itself; for, as Jason Pratensis holds, the bodies of such persons that feed liberally, and live at ease, [5611]“are full of bad spirits and devils, devilish thoughts; no better physic for such parties, than to fast.” Hildesheim, spicel. 2. to this of hunger, adds, [5612]“often baths, much exercise and sweat,” but hunger and fasting he prescribes before the rest. And 'tis indeed our Saviour's oracle, “This kind of devil is not cast out but by fasting and prayer,” which makes the fathers so immoderate in commendation of fasting. As “hunger,” saith [5613] Ambrose, “is a friend of virginity, so is it an enemy to lasciviousness, but fullness overthrows chastity, and fostereth all manner of provocations.” If thine horse be too lusty, Hierome adviseth thee to take away some of his provender; by this means those Pauls, Hilaries, Anthonies, and famous anchorites, subdued the lusts of the flesh; by this means Hilarion “made his ass, as he called his own body, leave kicking,” (so [5614]Hierome relates of him in his life) “when the devil tempted him to any such foul offence.” By this means those [5615]Indian Brahmins kept themselves continent: they lay upon the ground covered with skins, as the red-shanks do on heather, and dieted themselves sparingly on one dish, which Guianerius would have all young men put in practice, and if that will not serve, [5616]Gordonius “would have them soundly whipped, or, to cool their courage, kept in prison,” and there fed with bread and water till they acknowledge their error, and become of another mind. If imprisonment and hunger will not take them down, according to the directions of that [5617] Theban Crates, “time must wear it out; if time will not, the last refuge is a halter.” But this, you will say, is comically spoken. Howsoever, fasting, by all means, must be still used; and as they must refrain from such meats formerly mentioned, which cause venery, or provoke lust, so they must use an opposite diet. [5618]Wine must be altogether avoided of the younger sort. So [5619]Plato prescribes, and would have the magistrates themselves abstain from it, for example's sake, highly commending the Carthaginians for their temperance in this kind. And 'twas a good edict, a commendable thing, so that it were not done for some sinister respect, as those old Egyptians abstained from wine, because some fabulous poets had given out, wine sprang first from the blood of the giants, or out of superstition, as our modern Turks, but for temperance, it being animae virus et vitiorum fomes, a plague itself, if immoderately taken. Women of old for that cause, [5620]in hot countries, were forbid the use of it; as severely punished for drinking of wine as for adultery; and young folks, as Leonicus hath recorded, Var. hist. l. 3. cap. 87, 88. out of Athenaeus and others, and is still practised in Italy, and some other countries of Europe and Asia, as Claudius Minoes hath well illustrated in his Comment on the 23. Emblem of Alciat. So choice is to be made of other diet.

Nec minus erucas aptum est vitare salaces,

Et quicquid veneri corpora nostra parat.

Eringos are not good for to be taken,

And all lascivious meats must be forsaken.

Those opposite meats which ought to be used are cucumbers, melons, purslane, water-lilies, rue, woodbine, ammi, lettuce, which Lemnius so much commends, lib. 2, cap. 42. and Mizaldus hort. med. to this purpose; vitex, or agnus castus before the rest, which, saith [5621]Magninus, hath a wonderful virtue in it. Those Athenian women, in their solemn feasts called Thesmopheries, were to abstain nine days from the company of men, during which time, saith Aelian, they laid a certain herb, named hanea, in their beds, which assuaged those ardent flames of love, and freed them from the torments of that violent passion. See more in Porta, Matthiolus, Crescentius lib. 5. &c., and what every herbalist almost and physician hath written, cap. de Satyriasi et Priapismo; Rhasis amongst the rest. In some cases again, if they be much dejected, and brought low in body, and now ready to despair through anguish, grief, and too sensible a feeling of their misery, a cup of wine and full diet is not amiss, and as Valescus adviseth, cum alia honesta venerem saepe exercendo, which Langius epist. med. lib. 1. epist. 24. approves out of Rhasis (ad assiduationem coitus invitat] and Guianerius seconds it, cap. 16. tract. 16. as a [5622] very profitable remedy.

[5623]———tument tibi quum inguina, cum si

Ancilla, aut verna praesto est, tentigine rumpi

Malis? non ego namque, &c.———

[5624]Jason Pratensis subscribes to this counsel of the poet, Excretio enim aut tollet prorsus aut lenit aegritudinem. As it did the raging lust of Ahasuerus, [5625]qui ad impatientiam amoris leniendam, per singulas fere noctes novas puellas devirginavit. And to be drunk too by fits; but this is mad physic, if it be at all to be permitted. If not, yet some pleasure is to be allowed, as that which Vives speaks of, lib. 3. de anima., [5626]“A lover that hath as it were lost himself through impotency, impatience, must be called home as a traveller, by music, feasting, good wine, if need be to drunkenness itself, which many so much commend for the easing of the mind, all kinds of sports and merriments, to see fair pictures, hangings, buildings, pleasant fields, orchards, gardens, groves, ponds, pools, rivers, fishing, fowling, hawking, hunting, to hear merry tales, and pleasant discourse, reading, to use exercise till he sweat, that new spirits may succeed, or by some vehement affection or contrary passion to be diverted till he be fully weaned from anger, suspicion, cares, fears, &c., and habituated into another course.” Semper tecum sit, (as [5627]Sempronius adviseth Calisto his lovesick master) qui sermones joculares moveat, conciones ridiculas, dicteria falsa, suaves historias, fabulas venustas recenseat, coram ludat, &c., still have a pleasant companion to sing and tell merry tales, songs and facete histories, sweet discourse, &c. And as the melody of music, merriment, singing, dancing, doth augment the passion of some lovers, as [5628] Avicenna notes, so it expelleth it in others, and doth very much good. These things must be warily applied, as the parties' symptoms vary, and as they shall stand variously affected.

Если есть необходимость в медицине, чтобы гуморы были изменены или какая-либо новая материя скопилась, их нужно лечить как меланхоликов. Каролюс а Лорме, среди прочих вопросов, обсуждавшихся для получения степени в Монпелье во Франции, имеет такой: An amantes et amantes iisdem remediis curentur? Лечатся ли влюбленные и безумцы одними и теми же средствами? Он утверждает это; ибо любовь в своем крайнем проявлении есть чистое безумие. Такое лекарство, которое предписывается, бывает либо внутренним, либо внешним, как уже было рассмотрено ранее в предыдущей части при лечении меланхолии. Проконсультируйтесь с Валлериолой (observat. lib. 2. observ. 7), Лод. Меркатусом (lib. 2. cap. 4. de mulier. affect.), Даниэлем Сеннертусом (lib. 1. part. 2. cap. 10), Якобусом Феррандусом, французом, в его трактате de amore Erotique, Форестусом (lib. 10. observ. 29 и 30), Джейсоном Пратенсисом и другими для получения особых рецептов. Аматус Лузитанус вылечил молодого еврея, который был почти безумен от любви, сиропом чемерицы и другими подобными очищающими средствами, которые обычно прописываются при черной желчи: Авиценна подтверждает то же самое, если есть необходимость, и «кровопускание превыше всего», которое заставляет amantes ne sint amentes, влюбленных приходить в себя и сохранять здравый рассудок. Это то же самое, что Салернская школа, Джейсон Пратенсис, Хильдесхайм и др. предписывают использовать кровопускание как главное средство. У тех древних скифов был способ излечивать всякое желание жгучей похоти путем кровопускания за ушами, а также делать как мужчин, так и женщин бесплодными, как рассказывает о них Сабелликус в своих «Энеадах». Что Сальмут (Tit. 10. de Herol. comment. in Pancirol. de nov. report.), Меркуриалис (var. lec. lib. 3. cap. 7), опираясь на Гиппократа и Бенцо, говорят, до сих пор в ходу у индейцев, причину чего Лангиус приводит в lib. 1. epist. 10. Huc faciunt medicamenta venerem sopientia, «ut camphora pudendis alligata, et in bracha gestata» (quidam ait) «membrum flaccidum reddit. Laboravit hoc morbo virgo nobilis, cui inter caetera praescripsit medicus, ut laminam plumbeam multis foraminibus pertusam ad dies viginti portaret in dorso; ad exiccandum vero sperma jussit eam quam parcissime cibari, et manducare frequentur coriandrum praeparatum, et semen lactucae, et acetosae, et sic eam a morbo liberavit». Porro impediunt et remittunt coitum folia salicis trita et epota, et si frequentius usurpentur ipsa in totum auferunt. Idem praestat Topatius annulo gestatus, dexterum lupi testiculum attritum, et oleo vel aqua rosata exhibitum veneris taedium inducere scribit Alexander Benedictus: lac butyri commestum et semen canabis, et camphora exhibita idem praestant. Verbena herba gestata libidinem extinguit, pulvisquae ranae decollatae et exiccatae. Ad extinguendum coitum, ungantur membra genitalia, et renes et pecten aqua in qua opium Thebaicum sit dissolutum; libidini maxime contraria camphora est, et coriandrum siccum frangit coitum, et erectionem virgae impedit; idem efficit synapium ebibitum. «Da verbenam in potu et non erigetur virga sex diebus; utere mentha sicca cum aceto, genitalia illinita succo hyoscyami aid cicutae, coitus appelitum sedant, &c. ℞. seminis lactuc. portulac. coriandri an. ℨj. menthae siccae ℨß. sacchari albiss. ℥iiij. pulveriscentur omnia subtiliter, et post ea simul misce aqua neunpharis, f. confec. solida in morsulis. Ex his sumat mane unum quum surgat». Innumera fere his similia petas ab Hildeshemo loco praedicto, Mizaldo, Porta, caeterisque.

ПОДРАЗДЕЛ II. — Противостоять началам, избегать поводов, сменить место: честные и нечестные средства, противоположные страсти, остроумные изобретения: ввести другого и дискредитировать прежнего.

Другие добрые правила и наставления предписываются нашими врачами, которые, если не по отдельности, то, безусловно, в совокупности могут сделать многое; первое из которых — obstare principiis, противостоять началу, [5634] Quisquis in primo obstitit, Pepulitque amorem tutus ac victor fuit, тот, кто будет сопротивляться вначале, может легко стать победителем в конце. Бальтазар Кастильоне (l. 4) настаивает на этом предписании превыше остальных: «когда ему случится, — говорит он, — встретить женщину, чье хорошее поведение сочетается с ее превосходной внешностью, и он заметит, как его глаза с некой жадностью притягивают этот образ красоты и несут его к сердцу: заметит, что он несколько воспламенен этим влиянием, которое движется внутри: когда он различит те тонкие духи, сверкающие в ее глазах, чтобы подлить масла в огонь, он должен мудро противостоять началам, пробудить разум, почти оцепенелый, укрепить свое сердце всеми средствами и закрыть все те проходы, через которые он может проникнуть». Это наставление, с которым все согласны,

[5636]Opprime dum nova sunt subiti mala semina morbi,

Dum licet, in primo lumine siste pedem.

Thy quick disease, whilst it is fresh today,

By all means crush, thy feet at first step stay.

Which cannot speedier be done, than if he confess his grief and passion to some judicious friend [5637](qui tacitus ardet magis uritur, the more he conceals, the greater is his pain) that by his good advice may happily ease him on a sudden; and withal to avoid occasions, or any circumstance that may aggravate his disease, to remove the object by all means; for who can stand by a fire and not burn?

[5638]Sussilite obsecro et mittite istanc foras,

quae misero mihi amanti ebibit sanguinem.

'Tis good therefore to keep quite out of her company, which Hierom so much labours to Paula, to Nepotian; Chrysost. so much inculcates in ser. in contubern. Cyprian, and many other fathers of the church, Siracides in his ninth chapter, Jason Pratensis, Savanarola, Arnoldus, Valleriola, &c., and every physician that treats of this subject. Not only to avoid, as [5639] Gregory Tholosanus exhorts, “kissing, dalliance, all speeches, tokens, love-letters, and the like,” or as Castilio, lib. 4. to converse with them, hear them speak, or sing, (tolerabilius est audire basiliscum sibilantem, thou hadst better hear, saith [5640]Cyprian, a serpent hiss) [5641]“those amiable smiles, admirable graces, and sweet gestures,” which their presence affords.

[5642]Neu capita liment solitis morsiunculis,

Et his papillarum oppressiunculis

Abstineant:———

but all talk, name, mention, or cogitation of them, and of any other women, persons, circumstance, amorous book or tale that may administer any occasion of remembrance. [5643]Prosper adviseth young men not to read the Canticles, and some parts of Genesis at other times; but for such as are enamoured they forbid, as before, the name mentioned, &c., especially all sight, they must not so much as come near, or look upon them.

[5644]Et fugitare decet simulacra et pabula amoris,

Abstinere sibi atque alio convertere mentem.

“Gaze not on a maid,” saith Siracides, “turn away thine eyes from a beautiful woman,” c. 9. v. 5. 7, 8. averte oculos, saith David, or if thou dost see them, as Ficinus adviseth, let not thine eye be intentus ad libidinem, do not intend her more than the rest: for as [5645]Propertius holds, Ipse alimenta sibi maxima praebet amor, love as a snow ball enlargeth itself by sight: but as Hierome to Nepotian, aut aequaliter ama, aut aequaliter ignora, either see all alike, or let all alone; make a league with thine eyes, as [5646]Job did, and that is the safest course, let all alone, see none of them. Nothing sooner revives, [5647]“or waxeth sore again,” as Petrarch holds, “than love doth by sight.” “As pomp renews ambition; the sight of gold, covetousness; a beauteous object sets on fire this burning lust.” Et multum saliens incitat unda sitim. The sight of drink makes one dry, and the sight of meat increaseth appetite. 'Tis dangerous therefore to see. A [5648]young gentleman in merriment would needs put on his mistress's clothes, and walk abroad alone, which some of her suitors espying, stole him away for her that he represented. So much can sight enforce. Especially if he have been formerly enamoured, the sight of his mistress strikes him into a new fit, and makes him rave many days after.

[5649]———Infirmis causa pusilla nocet,

Ut pene extinctum cinerem si sulphure tangas,

Vivet, et ex minimo maximus ignis erit:

Sic nisi vitabis quicquid renovabit amorem,

Flamma recrudescet, quae modo nulla fuit.

A sickly man a little thing offends,

As brimstone doth a fire decayed renew,

And makes it burn afresh, doth love's dead flames,

If that the former object it review.

Or, as the poet compares it to embers in ashes, which the wind blows, [5650]ut solet a ventis, &c., a scald head (as the saying is) is soon broken, dry wood quickly kindles, and when they have been formerly wounded with sight, how can they by seeing but be inflamed? Ismenias acknowledged as much of himself, when he had been long absent, and almost forgotten his mistress, [5651]“at the first sight of her, as straw in a fire, I burned afresh, and more than ever I did before.” [5652]“Chariclia was as much moved at the sight of her dear Theagines, after he had been a great stranger.” [5653]Mertila, in Aristaenetus, swore she would never love Pamphilus again, and did moderate her passion, so long as he was absent; but the next time he came in presence, she could not contain, effuse amplexa attrectari se sinit, &c., she broke her vow, and did profusely embrace him. Hermotinus, a young man (in the said [5654]author) is all out as unstaid, he had forgot his mistress quite, and by his friends was well weaned from her love; but seeing her by chance, agnovit veteris vestigia flammae, he raved amain, Illa tamen emergens veluti lucida stella cepit elucere, &c., she did appear as a blazing star, or an angel to his sight. And it is the common passion of all lovers to be overcome in this sort. For that cause belike Alexander discerning this inconvenience and danger that comes by seeing, [5655]“when he heard Darius's wife so much commended for her beauty, would scarce admit her to come in his sight,” foreknowing belike that of Plutarch, formosam videre periculosissimum, how full of danger it is to see a proper woman, and though he was intemperate in other things, yet in this superbe se gessit, he carried himself bravely. And so when as Araspus, in Xenophon, had so much magnified that divine face of Panthea to Cyrus, [5656]“by how much she was fairer than ordinary, by so much he was the more unwilling to see her.” Scipio, a young man of twenty-three years of age, and the most beautiful of the Romans, equal in person to that Grecian Charinus, or Homer's Nireus, at the siege of a city in Spain, when as a noble and most fair young gentlewoman was brought unto him, [5657]“and he had heard she was betrothed to a lord, rewarded her, and sent her back to her sweetheart.” St. Austin, as [5658]Gregory reports of him, ne cum sorore quidem sua putavit habitandum, would not live in the house with his own sister. Xenocrates lay with Lais of Corinth all night, and would not touch her. Socrates, though all the city of Athens supposed him to dote upon fair Alcibiades, yet when he had an opportunity, [5659]solus cum solo to lie in the chamber with, and was wooed by him besides, as the said Alcibiades publicly [5660]confessed, formam sprevit et superbe contempsit, he scornfully rejected him. Petrarch, that had so magnified his Laura in several poems, when by the pope's means she was offered unto him, would not accept of her. [5661]“It is a good happiness to be free from this passion of love, and great discretion it argues in such a man that he can so contain himself; but when thou art once in love, to moderate thyself (as he saith) is a singular point of wisdom.”

[5662]Nam vitare plagas in amoris ne jaciamur

Non ita difficile est, quam captum retibus ipsis

Exire, et validos Veneris perrumpere nodos.

To avoid such nets is no such mastery,

But ta'en escape is all the victory.

Но поскольку немногие люди свободны, столь благоразумны в любви или могут сдержать себя и умерить свои страсти, чтобы обуздать свои чувства, чтобы не видеть их, не смотреть сладострастно, не совещаться с ними, такова ярость этой упрямой страсти неистовой похоти и их слабость, ferox ille ardor a natura insitus, [5663] как он называет это, «такое неистовое желание начертала природа, такое невыразимое наслаждение».

Sic Divae Veneris furor,

Insanis adeo mentibus incubat,

which neither reason, counsel, poverty, pain, misery, drudgery, partus dolor, &c., can deter them from; we must use some speedy means to correct and prevent that, and all other inconveniences, which come by conference and the like. The best, readiest, surest way, and which all approve, is Loci mutatio, to send them several ways, that they may neither hear of, see, nor have an opportunity to send to one another again, or live together, soli cum sola, as so many Gilbertines. Elongatio a patria, 'tis Savanarola's fourth rule, and Gordonius' precept, distrahatur ad longinquas regiones, send him to travel. 'Tis that which most run upon, as so many hounds, with full cry, poets, divines, philosophers, physicians, all, mutet patriam: Valesius: [5664]as a sick man he must be cured with change of air, Tully 4 Tuscul. The best remedy is to get thee gone, Jason Pratensis: change air and soil, Laurentius. [5665]Fuge littus amatum.

Virg. Utile finitimis abstinuisse locis.

[5666]Ovid. I procul, et longas carpere perge vias.

———sed fuge tutus eris.

Travelling is an antidote of love,

[5667]Magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

Ut me longa gravi solvat amore via.

For this purpose, saith [5668]Propertius, my parents sent me to Athens; time and patience wear away pain and grief, as fire goes out for want of fuel. Quantum oculis, animo tam procul ibit amor. But so as they tarry out long enough: a whole year [5669]Xenophon prescribes Critobulus, vix enim intra hoc tempus ab amore sanari poteris: some will hardly be weaned under. All this [5670]Heinsius merrily inculcates in an epistle to his friend Primierus; first fast, then tarry, thirdly, change thy place, fourthly, think of a halter. If change of place, continuance of time, absence, will not wear it out with those precedent remedies, it will hardly be removed: but these commonly are of force. Felix Plater, observ. lib. 1. had a baker to his patient, almost mad for the love of his maid, and desperate; by removing her from him, he was in a short space cured. Isaeus, a philosopher of Assyria, was a most dissolute liver in his youth, palam lasciviens, in love with all he met; but after he betook himself, by his friends' advice, to his study, and left women's company, he was so changed that he cared no more for plays, nor feasts, nor masks, nor songs, nor verses, fine clothes, nor no such love toys: he became a new man upon a sudden, tanquam si priores oculos amisisset, (saith mine [5671]author) as if he had lost his former eyes. Peter Godefridus, in the last chapter of his third book, hath a story out of St. Ambrose, of a young man that meeting his old love after long absence, on whom he had extremely doted, would scarce take notice of her; she wondered at it, that he should so lightly esteem her, called him again, lenibat dictis animum, and told him who she was, Ego sum, inquit: At ego non sum ego; but he replied, “he was not the same man:” proripuit sese tandem, as [5672]Aeneas fled from Dido, not vouchsafing her any farther parley, loathing his folly, and ashamed of that which formerly he had done. [5673]Non sum stultus ut ante jam Neaera. “O Neaera, put your tricks, and practise hereafter upon somebody else, you shall befool me no longer.” Petrarch hath such another tale of a young gallant, that loved a wench with one eye, and for that cause by his parents was sent to travel into far countries, “after some years he returned, and meeting the maid for whose sake he was sent abroad, asked her how, and by what chance she lost her eye? no, said she, I have lost none, but you have found yours:” signifying thereby, that all lovers were blind, as Fabius saith, Amantes de forma judicare non possunt, lovers cannot judge of beauty, nor scarce of anything else, as they will easily confess after they return unto themselves, by some discontinuance or better advice, wonder at their own folly, madness, stupidity, blindness, be much abashed, “and laugh at love, and call it an idle thing, condemn themselves that ever they should be so besotted or misled: and be heartily glad they have so happily escaped.”

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