«История евреев. Том 6»

Henry IV, emperor, and the Jews of Worms, 3, 293.

issues a decree in favor of the Jews, 3, 298.

permits Jews forcibly baptized to return to Judaism, 3, 306.

grants protection to the Jews, 3, 308, 416.

Henry VI, emperor, Jews massacred under, 3, 418–19.

Henry of Anjou (III of France), candidate for the Polish throne, 4, 604, 605.

Henry II (de Trastamare), of Castile, rival of Pedro the Cruel, 4, 114.

gains allies against Pedro, 4, 122.

maligns his brother, 4, 122–3.

begins war with his brother, 4, 123.

taxes the Jews of Burgos, 4, 123, 124.

gains Toledo and Seville, 4, 124.

leaves Spain, 4, 124.

takes northern Spain, 4, 124.

refuses to exclude Jews from state offices, 4, 125.

taxes the Jews, 4, 125–6.

victorious at Montiel, 4, 126.

accession of, 4, 136.

attitude of, towards Jews, 4, 137, 138.

decrees Jew badges, 4, 139.

discriminates against Jewish creditors, 4, 139.

forces Jews into religious debates, 4, 140.

Jewish courtiers of, 4, 156.

death of, 4, 156.

Jews hated under, 4, 167.

Henry III, of Castile, discord early in the reign of, 4, 167.

regents for, quell the riot against the Jews of Seville, 4, 168.

confers dignities upon Solomon Levi, 4, 184.

employs Jewish physicians, 4, 185, 190.

advised not to employ Jewish officials, 4, 185.

Jews under, 4, 193.

death of, 4, 193, 196.

appoints Solomon Levi executor of his will, 4, 194.

Henry IV, of Castile, the Jews under, 4, 274–6.

plunders the houses of Jews and Marranos, 4, 274.

employs Jewish officials, 4, 275.

forbids the Jews to dress luxuriously, 4, 275–6.

disproves the charge of child murder against the Jews of Spain, 4, 276.

punishes the murderers of the Jews of Medina del Campos, 4, 278.

statute book of, assigns a low position to the Jews, 4, 278.

deposed, 4, 278.

reproached with partiality towards the Jews, 4, 279–80.

protects the Marranos of Valladolid, 4, 281.

death of, 4, 283.

opposes the establishment of the Inquisition, 4, 310.

Henry I, of England, grants privileges to the Jews, 3, 504.

Henry II, of England, the Jews prosperous under, 3, 409.

Henry III, of England, the Jews under, 3, 570–1, 587–92.

the minority of, 3, 587–8.

appoints a chief rabbi, 3, 588.

restrains the intolerance of the Church, 3, 588.

summons a Jewish Parliament, 3, 589–90.

refuses the Jews permission to leave England, 3, 591.

deposes Elias of London, 3, 591.

protects the Jews of London, 3, 592.

Henry VIII, of England, overthrows Catholicism, 4, 541.

Henry II, of France, Obadiah de Sforno dedicates his works to, 4, 411.

treats Neapolitan Jews kindly, 4, 544.

confiscates the Mendes property, 4, 574.

refuses to pay the Mendes-Nassi family his debt, 4, 596, 597.

Генрих III, французский. См. Генрих Анжуйский.

Henry IV, of France, and Manuel Pimentel, 4, 672.

Henry of Orange, well disposed towards Jews, 4, 678.

Генрих де Трастамара. См. Генрих II Кастильский.

Henry I, archbishop of Mayence, protects the Jews during the second crusade, 3, 352–3.

Henry, bishop of Ratisbon, enforces anti-Jewish restrictions, 4, 301.

attempts to convert the Jews, 4, 301.

charges Israel Bruna with child-murder, 4, 303.

urges an inquiry against the Jews, 4, 304.

Henry Julius, duke of Brunswick, expels the Jews, 4, 652.

“Hep, hep!” cry, the, against the Jews, 5, 528–32.

Rachel Levin on, 5, 534.

“Hep, hep!” persecutions, the, Börne on, 5, 542–3.

Heine on, 5, 556.

in Hamburg, 5, 573.

Hephzi-bah, wife of Hezekiah, 1, 280.

Heraclius, emperor of the East, sues for peace with Chosru II, 3, 19.

allies himself with the Jews, 3, 21–2.

makes peace with the Persians, 3, 22.

persecutes the Jews of Palestine, 3, 22–3, 47.

forbids Jews to enter Jerusalem, 3, 23.

Hercules d’Este I, duke of Ferrara, patron of Abraham Farissol, 4, 412–13.

Hercules d’Este II, duke of Ferrara, friend of the Jews, 4, 544.

protects the Marranos, 4, 569.

protects Gracia Mendesia, 4, 575.

Hercules, chief of the Jewish community of Arta, 3, 424.

Hercules, demi-god, Jason sacrifices to, 1, 446.

Herder, admires “Phædon,” 5, 307.

aversion of, to Jews, 5, 462.

Heresy, signs of, enumerated by the Inquisition, 4, 315–16.

Hermandad, the, union of Spanish towns, enforces anti-Jewish measures, 4, 251.

Hermann III, bishop of Cologne, protects the Jews during the first crusade, 3, 304.

Hermann the Carpenter, leader of the first crusade in Cologne, 3, 303, 306.

“Hermitage” (Stübel), the Zaddik’s room, 5, 382.

Hermon (Anti-Lebanon), mountain, description of, 1, 44.

Jesus at, 2, 158.

Herod I (37–3), son of Antipater, governor of Galilee, 2, 77.

subdues Ezekias, 2, 77–8.

honored by Sextus Cæsar, 2, 78.

before the Synhedrion, 2, 78–9.

governor of Cœlesyria, 2, 79.

assassinates Malich, 2, 80.

betrothed to Mariamne, 2, 81.

tetrarch of Judæa, 2, 81.

opposed by the Parthians, 2, 82.

escapes to Rome, 2, 83, 86.

favored by Antony, 2, 86.

proclaimed king of Judæa by the Roman Senate, 2, 86.

struggle of, with Antigonus, 2, 87.

marries Mariamne, 2, 87.

besieges Jerusalem, 2, 87–8.

has Antigonus beheaded, 2, 89.

policy of, 2, 89.

kills the Synhedrists, 2, 89.

appoints Ananel high priest, 2, 90.

tries to obliterate his Idumæan descent, 2, 90.

fears Hyrcanus and Aristobulus (III), 2, 90–1.

brings Hyrcanus to Jerusalem, 2, 91.

proclaims Aristobulus (III) high priest, 2, 91.

has him murdered, 2, 92.

accused before Cleopatra, 2, 92–3.

orders the murder of Mariamne, 2, 93.

threatened by a sister of Antigonus, 2, 94.

at war with Malich, 2, 94–5.

orders the execution of Hyrcanus II, 2, 96.

confines Mariamne in Alexandrion, 2, 96.

appoints Hillel president of the Synhedrion, 2, 96, 99.

appoints Menahem deputy, 2, 100.

received with favor by Octavius, 2, 101–2.

territory of, increased, 2, 103.

executes Mariamne, 2, 104.

quells Alexandra’s sedition, 2, 105.

submits to Augustus, 2, 105.

ornaments Sebaste and Cæsarea, 2, 106.

exhausts the people by taxation, 2, 107.

degrades the high priesthood, 2, 107.

marries Mariamne II, 2, 107.

requires an oath of allegiance from his subjects, 2, 108.

remodels the Temple, 2, 109–11.

distrustful of his family, 2, 112.

appoints Antipater his successor, 2, 112, 113.

executes Mariamne I’s sons, 2, 113.

conspiracy against, 2, 113.

appoints Herod Antipas his successor, 2, 114.

contest of, with the Pharisees, 2, 114–15.

attempts suicide, 2, 115–16.

executes Antipater, 2, 116.

orders executions for the day of his death, 2, 116.

death of, 2, 117.

territory added to Judæa by, 2, 118.

will of, 2, 119–20.

sends gifts to Athens, 2, 193.

palace of, stormed by the Zealots, 2, 260.

palace of, in Galilee destroyed by Josephus, 2, 279.

Herod II, brother of Agrippa I, prætor and prince of Chalcis, 2, 190.

allied with Agrippa I, 2, 196.

opposes Cuspius Fadus, 2, 197.

asks for a truce, 2, 197.

titular king of Judæa, 2, 198.

death of, 2, 199, 235.

widow of, 2, 235.

Herod ben Gamala, partisan of Rome, 2, 274.

Herod ben Miar, partisan of Rome, 2, 274.

Herod (Antipas), son of Cleopatra of Jerusalem and Herod I, disinherited, 2, 119.

Herod (Philip), son of Mariamne II and Herod I, disinherited, 2, 119.

wife of, 2, 173.

Herod Antipas (Antipas I), son of Malthace and Herod I, successor to Herod I, 2, 114.

ruler of Galilee and Peræa, 2, 119.

envious of Archelaus, 2, 120.

builds Tiberias, 2, 137–8.

character of, 2, 138.

beheads John the Baptist, 2, 147.

pursues Jesus, 2, 160.

abandons his wife to marry Herodias, 2, 173.

defeated by the Nabathæans, 2, 173.

assisted by Vitellius, 2, 173.

procures an office for Agrippa I, 2, 175.

banished to Lyons, 2, 177.

Ирод Филипп, сын Клеопатры Иерусалимской. См. Филипп, тетрарх.

Иродианская династия, члены:

Агриппа I,

Агриппа II,

Архелай,

Ирод I,

Ирод II,

Ирод Антипа,

Филипп.

Herodian time, the, characterized, 5, 723.

Herodians, the, appeal to Augustus, 2, 122.

petition for the removal of obnoxious emblems from the Roman standard, 2, 139.

oppose John the Baptist, 2, 147.

morality of the opponents of, 2, 151.

immorality of, 2, 236.

Herodias, wife of Herod (Philip), daughter of, 2, 147.

illegal marriage of, with Herod Antipas, 2, 173.

appealed to by Cypros, 2, 175.

envious of Agrippa I, 2, 177.

banished to Lyons, 2, 177.

Herodium, fortress, burial place of Herod I, 2, 117.

surrenders to Bassus, 2, 315.

Heron, Syrian commander, defeated by Judas Maccabæus, 1, 462.

Herrera, Abraham (Alonzo) de, descendant of Gonsalvo de Cordova, in Amsterdam, 4, 666.

identifies the Kabbala with Neo-platonism, 5, 54, 88.

Эррера, Педро де. См. Педро де Эррера.

Herrera, prophetess of, burnt, 4, 494.

Herschel, Solomon, rabbi of London, repeats Manasseh ben Israel’s oath concerning ritual murder, 5, 654–5.

Heruli, the, overrun Rome, 3, 27.

Герц Медельсгейм. См. Бер, Серф.

Herz, Henrietta, influence of, in Berlin, 5, 412–13.

salon of, 5, 413, 422–3, 540.

influence of romanticism on, 5, 423.

relation of, to Schleiermacher, 5, 423.

and Dorothea Mendelssohn, 5, 424.

apostasy of, 5, 425–6.

Herz, Leb, Sabbatian, 5, 152.

Herz, Marcus (1747–1803), physician, translates the “Vindiciæ Judæorum,” 5, 362.

youth and education of, 5, 405.

distinguished by Kant, 5, 405–6.

as a physician, 5, 406.

marriage of, 5, 406.

lectures on Kant’s philosophy, 5, 406.

influences Berlin Jews, 5, 407.

house of, a center of culture, 5, 412.

mediocrity of, 5, 417.

disapproves of Dorothea Mendelssohn, 5, 424.

Heschels, Leb, rabbi, opposes Eibeschütz, 5, 262, 263, 268, 269.

Hesychius, consular agent, accused by Gamaliel V, 2, 613.

Hess, Hermann, chancellor of the University of Mayence, and the confiscation of Hebrew books, 4, 437.

Hess, Isaac, introduces Mendelssohn to Lessing, 5, 297.

Hesse, the Jews of, deprived of civil rights, 5, 512.

emancipated, 5, 601.

Hetman (Attaman), Cossack chieftain, 5, 2.

Hewn-stone Hall, meeting place of the Synhedrion in Jerusalem, 2, 239.

Hexapla, parallel texts of Bible versions by Origen, 2, 488–9.

Hezekiah, king of Judah, virtues of, 1, 266–7.

limited power of, 1, 267–8.

banishes idolatry, 1, 267.

celebrates the Passover, 1, 268.

allied with Egypt, 1, 270.

assures Sennacherib of his submission, 1, 274.

refuses to surrender to Sennacherib, 1, 274–5.

illness of, 1, 276.

recovers, 1, 277.

honors Merodach-baladan’s embassy, 1, 278–9.

marriage of, celebrated, 1, 279.

Hebrew literature under, 1, 279.

burial of, 1, 280.

Хибат-Алла. См. Натаниэль.

Hiel of Bethel fortifies Jericho, 1, 201.

Иероним. См. Иероним.

High priests, the, seat of, in Shiloh, 1, 41.

dignity of, raised under Joash, 1, 219.

heads of the Council of Seventy, 1, 394.

considered political chiefs, 1, 418.

installed by the Roman procurator, 2, 129, 137.

vestments of, kept in the Antonia, 2, 129.

chosen by the Roman governor, 2, 172, 197.

chosen by Herod II, 2, 198.

chosen from certain families, 2, 237.

feuds among, 2, 237.

power of, under Agrippa II, 2, 246.

short terms of, 2, 249.

deputy to, 2, 330.

См. также Аарониды; Священники.

Первосвященники, список:

Аарон,

Авиафар,

Ахитуб,

Алким,

Александр Яннай,

Амасия (Вефиль),

Анан, из рода Сет,

Анан, из рода Анан,

Ананель,

Анания,

Антигон,

Аристобул I,

Аристобул II,

Аристобул III,

Азария,

Азария бен Цадок,

Элазар,

Илий,

Эльяшив,

Элиоэнай,

Хилкия,

Гиркан I, Иоанн

Гиркан II,

Ишмаэль II,

Яддуа,

Ясон,

Йехояда,

Йехояким,

Йоазер,

Йоханан, сын Йояды,

Йояда,

Йехошуа бен Анан,

Йехошуа Хафус,

Йосеф, из дома Камита,

Йосеф Каиафа,

Йехошуа, из рода Фаби,

Йехошуа, из рода Сиэ,

Йехошуа бен Дамнай,

Йехошуа бен Гамла,

Йехошуа, сын Йехоцадака,

Иуда Маккавей,

Манассия,

Маттитьягу бен Теофил,

Менелай Вениамитянин,

Ония I,

Ония II,

Ония III,

Финеес,

Финеес бен Шмуэль,

Серая,

Шимон I,

Шимон II,

Шимон, сын Боэтуса,

Шимон Тарси,

Урия,

Захария бен Йехояда,

Цадок.

High-roads, the king’s, built by Solomon, 1, 171–2.

“High Tower, The,” drama by Luzzatto, 5, 235.

Hilchetha Gabriatha, Talmud commentary by Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, 3, 259.

Гильдебранд. См. Григорий VII.

Hilderic of Nismes, governor of Septimania, revolts against Wamba, 3, 104–5.

promises the Jews religious liberty, 3, 105.

Hildesheim, Jews tolerated in, 4, 686.

the Jews of, deprived of civil rights, 5, 512.

Hildesheimer, the Frankfort deputy to the Synhedrion, 5, 497.

Hilduin, incites the sons of Louis the Pious against their step-mother, 3, 166.

Hilkia, treasurer of the Temple, envoy to Nero, 2, 248.

Hilkiah, high priest, charged with the repairs of the Temple, 1, 289.

finds the Book of the Law, 1, 292.

counsels Josiah, 1, 293.

ancestor of Ezra, 1, 365.

Hillali, oldest copy of the Bible in Spain, destroyed, 3, 387.

Hillel I, appointed president of the Synhedrion, 2, 96, 99.

disciple of Shemaya and Abtalion, 2, 96.

character of, 2, 96–7.

maxims of, 2, 97–8.

justifies the oral law, 2, 98.

justifies new laws, 2, 99.

enacts the Prosbol, 2, 100.

followers of, swear allegiance to Herod, 2, 108.

death of, lamented, 2, 130.

descendants of, presidents of the Synhedrion, 2, 130, 192.

spreads the knowledge of the Law in Judæa, 2, 149.

the model of Jesus, 2, 149–50.

quoted by Philo, 2, 213.

compared with Philo, 2, 214.

followers of, support the Peace party, 2, 256.

the founder of Talmudic Judaism, 2, 327.

laws of interpretation by, 2, 327, 338.

laws of interpretation by, supplemented, 2, 331, 356.

reverence paid to the house of, 2, 360.

compared with Abba Areka, 2, 517.

end of the house of, 2, 618.

Hillel, disciples of, distinguished, 2, 131.

conception of the Messiah held by, 2, 144.

morality of, 2, 151.

Hillel, the school of, 2, 101.

conciliatory, 2, 131.

disputes with the school of Shammai under Gamaliel II, 2, 333, 336–8.

deductions of, condemned by Joshua ben Chananya, 2, 350.

estimation of, by the Nazarenes, 2, 372.

extends the application of tradition, 2, 462.

Hillel II, brother of Judah II, censured for irreligiousness, 2, 480.

Agadist, 2, 487.

maxim of, 2, 487.

consulted by Origen, 2, 487.

versed in the Scriptures, 2, 487, 488.

Patriarch, unselfishness of, 2, 560.

defamed by Joseph the apostate, 2, 566.

adopts a fixed calendar, 2, 572–4.

honored by Julian the Apostate, 2, 597, 598.

Hillel ben Samuel of Verona (1220–1295), Talmudist, founder of Italian Jewish culture, 3, 629; 4, 59.

Maimunist, 3, 629, 630.

accomplishments of, 3, 629.

tries to prevent a renewal of the Maimunist controversy, 3, 631–2.

Himyar, ancestor of the Arabs, 3, 61, 62.

Himyara, part of southern Arabia, 3, 54.

Himyarite kingdom, the Jewish, 3, 62–7.

Himyarites, the, conversion of, to Christianity projected, 4, 298.

Hinderbach, bishop of Trent, charges the Jews with child murder, 4, 298.

Hinkmar, bishop of Rheims, anti-Jewish feelings of, 3, 171.

favorite of Charles the Bald, 3, 172.

Hinnom (Ge-henna), the vale of, south of Jerusalem, 1, 115.

tower at the gate of, 1, 231.

Ahaz sacrifices to Moloch in, 1, 260–1.

sacrifices in, under Manasseh, 1, 283.

Moloch worship in, under Jehoiakim, 1, 300.

gives its name to hell, 1, 404.

Hippicus, tower in the wall of Jerusalem, refuge of the Roman garrison, 2, 260.

left undemolished by Titus, 2, 309.

Hippodrome, the, in Jerusalem, occupied during the disturbance by Sabinus, 2, 123.

Hippos, incorporated with Judæa, 2, 103.

Hiram, of Tyre, allied with David, 1, 118.

allied with Solomon, 1, 162.

supplies material for the Temple, 1, 164.

supplies Solomon with sailors, 1, 170.

Hiram, artist in bronze, employed in the building of the Temple, 1, 165.

Hiram, brother of Merbal, king of Phœnicia, 1, 342.

Hirsch (Hirschel), Berlin jeweler, excites Voltaire’s animosity, 5, 339.

Hisham, Ommiyyade caliph, 3, 239.

releases Jacob Ibn-Jau, 3, 241.

Historians, Jewish, consulted by Basnage, 5, 196.

Историки, еврейские, список:

Авраам Ибн-Дауд Галеви,

Авраам Закуто,

Алмоснино, Моше

Барриос, Мигель де Барух,

Конфорте, Давид

Давид Ганс,

Элия бен Элкана Капсали,

Эфраим бен Яаков,

Гедалья Ибн-Яхья,

Хейльперин, Йехиэль

Йосе бен Халафта,

Йосеф бен Йехошуа Коэн,

Йосеф бен Маттитьягу (Иосиф Флавий),

Иосиф Флавий, псевдо-

Йосеф Ибн-Верга,

Йост, Исаак Маркус

Юстус, сын Писта,

Лёвизон, Шломо

Луццатто, Шмуэль Давид

Профиат Дуран,

Рапопорт, Шломо Иегуда

Шмуэль Шулам,

Шерира,

Уск, Шмуэль

Уск, Шломо.

Историки евреев, список:

Адамс, Ханна

Баснаж, Яаков

Эвальд, Генрих.

Historical writings of the Jews, the, carried into the Babylonian Exile, 1, 335.

compiled by Baruch, 1, 336–7.

collected by the Sopherim, 1, 400.

translated into Greek, 1, 514.

History, Jewish, cultivated in Hasmonæan times, 2, 15–16.

beginnings of, 4, 554.

in the “Moniteur,” 5, 485.

distorted, 5, 592–3.

by Christians, 5, 593.

by Jews, 5, 593–6.

as viewed by Krochmal, 5, 609–10.

the “Kerem Chemed” devoted to, 5, 621.

a review of, 5, 705–31.

“History of neo-Hebraic Poetry,” by Franz Delitzsch, 5, 628–9.

“History of the Jews,” by Gedalya Ibn-Yachya, 4, 616.

“History of the People of Israel, The,” by Ewald, 5, 696.

“History of the Religion of the Jews,” by Jacob Basnage, 5, 197.

“History of the World,” by Gedalya Ibn-Yachya, 4, 616.

Hittites, the, subdivision of the Canaanites, 1, 3.

suffer under David, 1, 131.

mercenary troops under David, 1, 137.

declared bondmen by Solomon, 1, 163.

king of, hostile to Ben-hadad III, 1, 221.

Hivites, the, subdivision of the Canaanites, 1, 3.

submit to Joshua, 1, 34.

declared bondmen by Solomon, 1, 163.

Hochmeister, title of rabbis in Franconia, 4, 259.

Хохштратен. См. Хоогстратен, Яаков.

Hodges, English consul-general, services of, in the Damascus affair, 5, 653, 659.

Hodki, Haidamak leader, 5, 10.

Holdheim, Samuel (1806–1860), Talmudist, at the Brunswick rabbinical conference, 5, 678, 681.

opposes Talmudic Judaism, 5, 678, 680–1.

secular studies of, 5, 678.

temperament of, 5, 679.

chief rabbi of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 5, 679.

view held by, of Judaism, 5, 680–1.

compared with Frankel, 5, 684.

at the Frankfort rabbinical conference, 5, 685.

preacher of the Berlin Reform Association, 5, 686.

innovations of, 5, 686–7.

compared with Sachs, 5, 687–8, 692.

Sachs’s opinion of, 5, 691.

Holland, soldiers of, in the imperial army against the Hussites, 4, 225.

a refuge for Jews, 4, 661, 676–7, 678.

second Jewish colony of, 4, 685.

learning in, 5, 20–1.

war of, with England, and the re-settlement of Jews in England, 5, 34.

displeased with the efforts to settle Jews in England, 5, 46.

rabbis of, prepared to excommunicate Luzzatto, 5, 241.

ambassador of, intercedes for the Moravian and Bohemian Jews, 5, 253.

funds advanced to, by Isaac Pinto, 5, 340.

the Measfim in, 5, 400–1.

См. также Амстердам; Батавская республика.

Holmes, Nathaniel, Puritan, attitude of, towards the Jews, 5, 27.

on the place of the Jews in the Messianic time, 5, 29–30.

Holst, Ludwig, attacks the Jews, 5, 543.

Holstein, favors the emancipation of the Jews, 5, 519.

Holwan, the Exilarch’s income from, 3, 96.

Holy City, the, beginnings of, 1, 114. See Jerusalem.

Holy Days, the, kept by the Babylonian Judæans, 1, 364.

Holy Ghost, the, dogma of, introduced into Christianity, 2, 500–1.

Святая земля. См. Палестина.

Holy of Holies, the, Debir, 1, 165.

entered by Antiochus Epiphanes, 1, 451–2.

entered by Pompey, 2, 66.

the Romans desecrate, 2, 124.

entered by Titus, 2, 308.

Holy Place, the, Hechal, 1, 165.

Holy Roman Empire, the, dismembered, 5, 465. See Rome; Germany.

Holy Sepulcher, the, Church of, fear that Jews will gain possession of, 4, 272, 274.

Страстная неделя. См. Пасхальное время.

Homberg, Herz, assists Mendelssohn in his Pentateuch translation, 5, 334.

teacher in an Austrian school, 5, 369.

one of the Measfim, 5, 401–2.

Homel, the Jews of, massacred, 5, 10.

Homem, Gaspar Lopez, Portuguese Marrano, 4, 664.

Homem, Mayor Rodrigues, Marrano, sends her daughter toHolland, 4, 664–5.

emigrates to Holland, 4, 667.

Homer, read by the Alexandrian Judæans, 1, 505.

Greek views of the world in, 2, 208.

“Homilies of the Jews in Divine Worship,” by Zunz, 5, 620–1.

Honorius III, pope, enforces anti-Jewish decrees, 3, 513.

exempts the Toulouse Jews from wearing badges, 3, 514.

prevents the employment of Jews as diplomats, 3, 514.

Honorius IV, pope, bids the English clergy proceed against the Jews, 3, 645.

Honorius, emperor of the West, and the Jews, 2, 616–17, 622.

forbids the collection of the Patriarch’s tax, 2, 617.

forbids Jews to enter military service, 2, 617.

Hooghe, Romein de, poet, on the Amsterdam synagogue, 5, 167.

Hoogstraten, Jacob, Dominican general in Cologne, 4, 424.

and the confiscation of Hebrew books, 4, 437, 441.

decides that the Talmud ought to be burnt, 4, 444.

proposes the indictment of the Jews, 4, 444.

accuses Reuchlin of heresy, 4, 450.

tries Reuchlin and the “Augenspiegel,” 4, 451.

приказывает сжечь «Augenspiegel», 4, 451–2.

the examination of, ordered by Leo X, 4, 454.

fails to appear for trial, 4, 454.

convicted of slander, 4, 455.

appeals to Leo X, 4, 455.

tries to have the Speyer judgment overturned, 4, 458.

summoned to Rome, 4, 458.

satirized in the “Letters of Obscurantists,” 4, 461.

asks for a decision by council, 4, 464.

influences Leo X to suspend his case, 4, 465.

leaves Rome in disgrace, 4, 465.

life of, endangered, 4, 465.

Hoornbeek, John, anti-Jewish author, 5, 46.

Hophni, son of Eli, character and death of, 1, 70.

Хофра. См. Априй.

Horeb, mount, scene of the first revelation to Moses, 1, 15.

Hormisdas IV, of Persia, character of, 3, 7–8.

persecutes the Jews, 3, 8.

murdered, 3, 8.

Hosannas, Day of, a second Day of Atonement, 4, 626.

Hosea (I), prophet, under Jeroboam II, prophecies of, 1, 240–2.

Hosea (II), prophet, under Hoshea, 1, 251.

Hoshea, son of Elah, murders Pekah, 1, 260.

king of Israel, 1, 263.

ally of Egypt and vassal to Shalmaneser, 1, 263.

withdraws his tribute from Shalmaneser, 1, 264.

fortifies Samaria, 1, 264.

imprisoned for life, 1, 264.

Hosiander, probable author of the “Little Book about the Jews,” 4, 545.

Host desecration, the charge of, believed by Maximilian I, 4, 414.

Host desecration, charged against the Jews of Röttingen, 4, 35.

of Deckendorf, 4, 98.

of Prague, 4, 164–6.

of Segovia, 4, 195–6.

of Austria, 4, 223.

of Silesia, 4, 261.

of Passau, 4, 306.

of the Mark of Brandenburg, 4, 437, 440.

См. также Кровавый навет; Убийство детей.

Hosts, God of, meaning of, 1, 130–1.

House of Commons, the, passes the Statute of Judaism, 3, 642.

“House of God, The,” Kabbalistic work by Abraham de Herrera, 5, 54.

“House of Jacob,” first Amsterdam synagogue, 4, 667.

House of the Forest of Lebanon, Solomon’s armory, 1, 108.

Howan, the Temple of, Jewish children brought up as Magians in, 2, 629.

Howdon, Lord, on the Damascus affair, 5, 656.

Hubmaier, Balthasar, Anabaptist, agitates against the Jews, 4, 542–3.

Huesca, the Jews of, excommunicate the anti-Maimunists, 3, 537.

the Marranos of, conspire against Pedro Arbues, 4, 330.

Huet, Peter Daniel, and Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 22.

Huete, meeting of the deputies of Castile congregations at, 3, 617.

the Jews of, persecuted, 4, 170.

Hufnagel, translates Wessely’s “Songs of Glory,” 5, 404.

Hugh, chaplain of Toulouse, and the Jews, 3, 174.

Hugh Capet, of France, death of, said to have been caused by the Jews, 3, 242.

Hujej Ibn-Achtab, chief of the Benu-Nadhir, 3, 78.

induces Arabian tribes to make war against Mahomet, 3, 79, 80.

killed, 3, 81.

daughter of, 3, 83.

Hulagu, Tartar sultan, ravages of, 3, 606.

founder of the Mongol kingdom in Persia, 3, 638.

Huldah, prophetess under Josiah, 1, 286, 293.

Humanists, the, espouse Reuchlin’s cause, 4, 456.

courted by Leo X, 4, 465.

favor Charles V’s election, 4, 468.

Humboldt, Wilhelm von, relation of, to Henrietta Herz, 5, 423.

draws up a constitution for Germany, 5, 514.

Huna, on the refugees from Sepphoris, 2, 571.

Huna (212–297), Babylonian Amora, chief teacher at Sora, 2, 545.

agriculturist, 2, 545.

and Chama ben Anilaï, 2, 546.

charitableness of, 2, 546.

presides over the Metibta, 2, 547–8.

death of, 2, 548.

and Judah ben Ezekiel, 2, 552.

and Chasda, 2, 553.

and Mar-Sheshet, 2, 553–4.

Huna, Exilarch, buried in Judæa, 2, 455, 509.

Huna bar Nathan, at the court of Jezdijird, 2, 610.

Huna ben Chiya, principal of the Pumbeditha academy, wealth of, 2, 576.

opposition to, 2, 577.

death of, 2, 577.

Huna ben Joshua, teacher at the academy of Nares, 2, 593–4.

Huna-Mar (488–508), Exilarch, Amora, 2, 631; 3, 3.

Huna-Mari, Exilarch, executed by Firuz, 2, 629.

learned in the Law, 2, 631.

Hunaï, Gaon of Sora, reforms the divorce law, 3, 92.

Hundt, Hartwig, pamphlet by, against the Jews, 5, 532.

Hungary, adopts Frederick the Valiant’s Jewish statute, 3, 569.

Jews invited into, 3, 613.

Jewish exiles from, take refuge in Poland, 4, 263.

Messianic hopes connected with Solomon Molcho in, 4, 497.

Polish-Jewish fugitives in, 5, 16.

the Sabbatian movement in, 5, 208.

rabbis of, protest against the Brunswick rabbinical conference, 5, 682.

Hungary, the Jews of, condition of, in early days, 3, 520.

possess the right of coinage, 3, 521.

farmers of salt mines and taxes, 3, 521.

kindly treated by Andreas, 3, 521.

the decrees of the Fourth Lateran Council enforced against, 3, 521.

indispensable to the prosperity of the country, 3, 613.

proscribed by the Council of Buda, 3, 614–15.

banished by Louis I, 4, 111.

liturgy of, arranged by Maharil, 4, 225.

urged to emigrate to Turkey, 4, 271–2.

Sabbatians, 5, 149.

modify their divine service, 5, 582.

Huns, the, incursions of, 2, 604.

aid Kobad, 3, 2.

Хуозманн. См. Рюдигер.

Hurwitz, Isaiah (Sheloh), devotee of the Kabbala, 5, 52, 55.

Hurwitz, Phineas Levi (1740–1802), rabbi of Frankfort, opposes Mendelssohn’s Pentateuch translation, 5, 331.

death of, 5, 566.

Hurwitz, Sabbataï, draws up penitential prayers, 5, 13.

Hurwitz, Salkind, competes for the Metz prize on the Jewish question, 5, 434.

in the National Guards, 5, 443.

Hushai, David’s favorite, 1, 122.

faithful to David in Absalom’s rebellion, 1, 141–2.

pretends to submit to Absalom, 1, 142–3.

Huss, John, attacks the papacy, 4, 221.

condemned to death, 4, 221–2.

Hussite war, the, and the Jews, 4, 222.

cruelties of, 4, 224–6.

German Jews in sympathy with, 4, 226.

Hussites, the, hated by Emperor Albert II, 4, 249.

excite Catholic bigotry, 4, 258.

protect the Jews of Ratisbon, 4, 301.

the Dominicans threaten to ally themselves with, 4, 459.

Hutten, Ulrich von, agent at the imperial court, instructed to aid the Jews, 4, 431.

espouses Reuchlin’s cause, 4, 456–7.

supposed author of the “Letters of Obscurantists,” 4, 462.

enemy of ecclesiastical domination, 4, 465.

favors Charles V, 4, 468.

in the pantomime on the Reformation, 4, 468.

Hypatia, killed by monks, 2, 619.

Hyrcanion, fortress, built by John Hyrcanus, 2, 46.

held by a sister of Antigonus, 2, 94.

Hyrcanists, the, Hyrcanus II’s party, defend the Temple, 2, 65.

Hyrcanus I, John, son of Simon Tharsi, 1, 520.

lives at Gazara, 1, 525.

defeats Cendebæus, 1, 529.

escapes from Ptolemy ben Habub, 1, 530–1.

mother of, imprisoned, 1, 531; 2, 2.

reign of, 2, 1.

contest of, with Ptolemy ben Habub, 2, 2–3.

besieged by Antiochus Sidetes, 2, 3–4.

sends an embassy to Rome, 2, 4–5.

furnishes Syria troops against Parthia, 2, 5.

acknowledges Alexander Zabina king of Syria, 2, 6.

Samaritan campaign of, 2, 7–8.

destroys the Temple on Gerizim, 2, 8.

converts the Idumæans forcibly to Judaism, 2, 8–9.

appeals to Rome, 2, 9.

besieges Samaria, 2, 9.

destroys Samaria, 2, 10.

conquests of, 2, 11–12.

has coins struck, 2, 12.

worldly ambition of, 2, 13.

erects a mausoleum at Modin, 2, 14.

employs Pharisees and Sadducees, 2, 31.

offended by the Pharisees, 2, 32–3.

fills the high offices with Sadducees, 2, 33.

death of, 2, 33.

sons of, 2, 34.

Hyrcanus I, John, the wife of, queen, supplanted by Aristobulus I, 2, 35.

imprisonment and death of, 2, 36.

Hyrcanus II, son of Alexander Jannæus, 2, 47.

proclaimed high priest, 2, 48, 76.

conspiracy against, 2, 56.

accession and character of, 2, 57.

defeated at Jericho by Aristobulus, 2, 58.

deprived of the royal dignity, 2, 58.

aided by the Nabathæan king, 2, 59.

refuses to supply the sacrificial lamb during the siege of Jerusalem, 2, 60.

summoned to Damascus, 2, 63.

favored by Pompey, 2, 64.

made ethnarch, 2, 66, 76.

leaves Jerusalem, 2, 70.

petitioned to punish Herod, 2, 78.

permits the Synhedrion to summon Herod, 2, 78.

reproved by Shemaya, 2, 79.

adjourns the Synhedrion, 2, 79.

takes counsel with Malich, 2, 80.

mutilated, 2, 82.

dethroned, 2, 82–3.

taken captive to Babylon, 2, 83.

welcomed by the Babylonian Judæans, 2, 90.

returns to Palestine, 2, 91.

executed, 2, 96.

descendants of, in Nahardea, 2, 551.

Hyrcanus, son of Joseph, his father’s representative in Egypt, 1, 429–30.

favored by Ptolemy IV, 1, 430.

rebuked for extravagance, 1, 430.

successor of his father, 1, 431–2.

flees to Alexandria, 1, 432.

in favor with Ptolemy V, 1, 437.

wealth of, 1, 437.

betrayed by the Hellenists, 1, 444.

tax-collector for the king of Egypt, 1, 444.

Hyrkania, Judæans banished to, 1, 408.

I

Ibbur, impregnation of the soul, Kabbalistic term, 4, 621.

Ibbur, work on the calendar by Isaac Ibn-Albalia, 3, 283.

См. также Календарь.

Iberia, early Jewish settlements in, 3, 35. See Spain.

Ibleam, Zechariah, king of Israel, murdered at, 1, 243.

Ибн-Аббас. См. Иегуда и Шмуэль Ибн-Аббас.

Ibn-Abbas, plots to depose Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, 3, 258.

Ibn-Abi Musa, plots to depose Samuel Ibn-Nagrela, 3, 258.

Ibn-Abi Obsaibiya, physician, colleague of Abraham Maimuni, 3, 495.

Ибн-Абитур. См. Йосеф бен Ицхак Ибн-Абитур.

Ibn-Abitur family, the, opposes Chanoch ben Moses, 3, 238.

Ибн-Альбалия. См. Барух Ибн-Альбалия; Ицхак бен Барух Альбалия.

Ibn-Albalia family, the, early settlement of, in Spain, 3, 43.

Ибн-Альфахар. См. Авраам Ибн-Альфахар; Иегуда бар Йосеф Ибн-Альфахар.

Ibn-Alfachar family, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, 3, 235, 537.

Ibn-Alfara, Arabic poet, elegy by, 3, 279.

Ибн-Альджами. См. Натаниэль.

Ибн-Альрухи (Аррухи). См. Давид Алрои.

Ибн-Бенвенисте Халеви. См. Иосиф бен Эфраим Ибн-Бенвенисте Халеви.

Ибн-Хабиб. См. Яков Ибн-Хабиб.

Ибн-Хасдай. См. Авраам бен Хасдай; Самуил бен Авраам Ибн-Хасдай.

Ибн-Дауд. См. Авраам Ибн-Дауд Халеви; Иегуда Ибн-Дауд (Хайюдж).

Ibn-Daud family, the, traces descent from David, 3, 43.

Ibn-Daudi, the, descendants of the last Exilarch, settle in Spain, 3, 254.

Ибн-Эзра. См. Авраам бен Меир; Абухаджадж Иосиф; Абу-Ибрагим Исаак; Абулхассан Иегуда; Исаак бен Авраам; Яков; Иегуда; Моисей.

Ibn-Ezra family, the, Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut a member of, 3, 215.

of the nobility of Jewish Spain, 3, 235.

Ibn-Falyaj family, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, 3, 236.

Ибн-Фаруссал. См. Соломон Ибн-Фаруссал.

Ибн-Гебироль. См. Соломон Ибн-Гебироль.

Ибн-Гиат. См. Исаак бен Иегуда; Иуда.

Ibn-Giat family, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, 3, 236.

Ибн-Гикатилла. См. Исаак Ибн-Гикатилла; Моисей бен Самуил Ибн-Гикатилла.

Ибн-Джанах. См. Иона Маринус.

Ибн-Джау. См. Яков Ибн-Джау.

Ибн-Камниал. См. Абулхассан Авраам бен Меир Ибн-Камниал.

Ибн-Лаби. См. Видаль бен Бенвенисте Ибн-Лаби.

Ибн-Мигаш. См. Иосиф бен Меир; Меир бен Иосиф.

Ibn-Migash family, the, of the nobility of Jewish Spain, 3, 236.

Ibn-Misha’l, Jewish diplomat, 3, 284.

Ибн-Нагрела. См. Иосиф Ибн-Нагрела; Самуил Халеви Ибн-Нагрела.

Ibn-Raz, assailant of Rabbinical Judaism in Leo Modena’s work, 5, 73–4.

Ибн-Рушд. См. Аверроэс.

Ibn-Rumahis, Moorish admiral, captures and sells the four emissaries from Sora, 3, 203, 208, 209.

Ибн-Сахал. См. Иосиф бен Яков Ибн-Сахал.

Ibn-Sahula (1245), fabulist, 3, 560.

Ибн-Саид (Сид). См. Заг Ибн-Саид.

Ибн-Сакбель. См. Соломон Ибн-Сакбель.

Ibn-Sakviyah, Karaite writer, opposed by Saadiah, 3, 192.

Ибн-Сатанас. См. Иосиф бен Исаак Ибн-Абитур.

Ибн-Шалбиб. См. Амрам бен Исаак Ибн-Шалбиб.

Ибн-Шем Тов. См. Иосиф бен Шем Тов; Шем Тов бен Иосиф Ибн-Шем Тов.

Ибн-Шошан. См. Авраам; Иосиф бен Соломон Ибн-Шошан; Соломон бен Иосиф Ибн-Шошан.

Ibn-Shoshan family, the, members of, die from the Black Death, 4, 113.

Ibn-Sina (Avicenna), Mahometan interpreter of Aristotle, 3, 478.

Ибн-Тиббон. См. Яков бен Махир; Иуда бен Моисей; Иуда бен Саул; Моисей; Самуил.

Ибн-Верга. См. Иосиф; Иуда; Соломон.

Ибн-Вивес. См. Иешуа бен Иосиф Ибн-Вивес.

Ибн-Вакар. См. Иегуда; Самуил.

Ибн-Яхья. См. Давид; Давид Негро; Гедалья; Гедалья I; Гедалья II; Иосиф; Моисей; Соломон Ибн-Гебироль.

Ibn-Yachya family, the, Turkish branch of, 4, 609.

Italian branch of, 4, 616.

Ибн-Яхья-Негро. См. Давид; Иуда.

Ibn-Yachya-Negro, two brothers, favorites of Alfonso V, of Portugal, 4, 339.

Ibn-Yaish, prominent at the court of Alfonso XI, of Castile, 4, 84.

Ибн-Захария Яхья Хайюдж. См. Иегуда Ибн-Дауд.

Ибн-Цадик. См. Абу-Амр Иосиф бен Цадик Ибн-Цадик.

Ibrahim, sultan, war of, with Venice, 5, 119.

Ibzan, judge, 1, 66.

Icabo, character in Samuel Usque’s work, 4, 558, 559, 560.

Idolatry, among the Egyptians, 1, 9–10.

practiced by the Israelites in Egypt, 1, 11.

among the Israelites in the desert, 1, 23–4.

of the Israelites at Baal-Peor, 1, 28.

the Israelites reclaimed from, by Samuel, 1, 75–6.

under Solomon, 1, 175.

under Jeroboam, 1, 186–7.

under Omri, 1, 195–6.

under Jezebel, 1, 197–8.

under Joram, 1, 209.

under Jeroboam II, 1, 233.

under Menahem, 1, 244, 247.

under Ahaz, 1, 260–1.

removed by Hezekiah, 1, 268.

under Manasseh, 1, 282–3.

uprooted by Josiah, 1, 294–5.

relapse into, under Jehoiakim, 1, 299–300.

under Jehoiachin, 1, 306.

practiced by Judæans in Egypt, 1, 326–7.

among the Babylonian exiles, 1, 332, 339, 340.

stamped out among the Judæans by the fall of Babylon, 1, 350.

laws against, inviolate under all circumstances, 2, 424.

regulations against, in the Mishna, 2, 476–8.

practiced by the Arabs, 3, 72.

См. также Астарта; Ваал, культ.

Idumæa, urges Zedekiah to revolt from Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 310.

ruled by procurators, 2, 137.

Eleazar ben Ananias governor of, 2, 270.

Idumæan, applied to Herod and Rome, 2, 114–15.

Idumæans, the, antagonize the Israelites in the desert, 1, 27.

characteristics of, 1, 55.

relations of, to the Israelites, 1, 56–9.

routed by Othniel, 1, 60.

attracted to Palestine under Solomon, 1, 173.

gain independence, 1, 185.

revolt of, from Judah, 1, 209.

conquered by Amaziah, 1, 222–3.

attack Jerusalem under Uzziah, 1, 226–7.

defeated by Uzziah, 1, 230.

allies of Nebuchadnezzar, 1, 314.

molest fugitive Judæans, 1, 318.

appropriate Judæan territory, 1, 325–6.

settled to the south of Judæa, 1, 355.

in possession of Judæan territory, 1, 435.

hostile to the Judæans during the Syrian invasions, 1, 473, 474.

defeated by Judas Maccabæus, 1, 474.

hostile to Judæa under John Hyrcanus, 2, 7.

forcibly converted to Judaism, 2, 8–9.

colony of, in Samaria, 2, 9, 10.

expeditions of, against Simon bar Giora, 2, 293.

help the Zealots against Anan, 2, 295–6.

disliked by the Zealots and the Moderates, 2, 296.

allied with the aristocratic party, 2, 298.

one of the factions in Jerusalem, 2, 301.

try to make terms with Titus, 2, 309.

Ifra-Ormuzd, mother of Shabur II, leans towards Judaism, 2, 580, 592–3.

generous towards the Pumbeditha academy, 2, 581.

protects the Jews, 2, 592.

assists Raba bar Joseph, 2, 592.

Iggaron, Hebrew lexicon by Saadiah, 3, 190.

Iggeret Teman, by Maimonides, 3, 462–4.

Ignatius, Christian martyr, 2, 621.

Ijon, subjugated by Ben-hadad I, 1, 191.

Ikkarim, work by Joseph Albo, 4, 239.

Ilai, member of the Jamnia Synhedrion, 2, 357.

Ильяс Пердидас. См. Сан-Томас.

Illiberis (Elvira), the Council of, forbids Christians to trade with Jews, 2, 620.

anti-Jewish decrees of, 3, 43, 44.

Illyria, synagogues of, protected by Arcadius, 2, 616.

the Jews of, autonomous, 3, 27.

Ilpha, companion of Jochanan bar Napacha, 2, 493.

Imam, founder of the Fatimide dynasty, 3, 212.

Imamate, the, the high priesthood among the Mahometans, 3, 110.

Immaculate Conception, the, dogma of, attacked by Chasdaï Crescas, 4, 187.

Immanuel ben Solomon Romi (1265–1330), poet, under Maimunist influence, 3, 630; 4, 60.

characterization of, 4, 63–4.

position of, in the Roman Jewish community, 4, 64–5.

friend of Dante, 4, 65.

works of, 4, 65–7.

place of, in neo-Hebraic poetry, 4, 67; 5, 112.

in Fermo, 4, 68.

on the poets of his time, 4, 68.

Immorality, under Jeroboam II, 1, 233–4.

under Jotham, 1, 249–50.

under Ahaz, 1, 261.

under Jehoiakim, 1, 300.

under Zerubbabel, 1, 358.

of the Judæan aristocracy, 2, 234.

of Judæans under the Roman dominion, 2, 237–8.

among the Jews of Babylonia, 2, 516–17, 579.

among the Marranos at Amsterdam, 4, 680.

among the Jews of Prussia, 5, 419–20, 422.

Immortality of the soul, the dogma of, in the “Guide of the Perplexed,” 3, 482, 488.

Maimonides’ treatment of, attacked, 3, 524.

in the Kabbala, 3, 554.

doubt cast upon, by the French thinkers, 5, 305–6.

Mendelssohn tries to restore the belief in, 5, 306–7.

Imnestar, the Jews of, punished for Purim pleasantry, 2, 621.

Imrulkais Ibn-Hojr, Arabic poet, protected by Samuel Ibn-Adiya, 3, 68–9.

“In Praise and Honor of Emperor Maximilian,” anti-Jewish pamphlet by Pfefferkorn, 4, 439.

“In Refutation of Anan,” by Saadiah, 3, 189.

Incarnation, the dogma of, refuted by Moses Cohen de Tordesillas, 4, 141.

expounded by Astruc Raimuch, 4, 182.

refuted by Solomon Bonfed, 4, 182.

attacked by Chasdaï Crescas, 4, 187.

criticised by Joseph Ibn-Shem Tob, 4, 235.

in the Kabbala, 4, 292.

Jews averse to, 5, 420.

belief in, threatened, 5, 682.

Index expurgatorius, the, Kabbalistic writings on, 4, 584.

India, trade with, under Solomon, 1, 170.

Uzziah revives the trade with, 1, 230.

Jews settle in, 2, 629–30.

south Arabian Jews trade with, 3, 54, 57.

under the Exilarch’s jurisdiction, 3, 429.

the Jews of, in the twelfth century, 3, 435–6.

desire of the Portuguese to reach, 4, 367.

Infessura, chancellor of Rome, on Sixtus IV, 4, 321.

Informers, among the Jewish Christians, 2, 378–9.

during Hadrian’s persecutions, 2, 425–6.

under Severus, 2, 464–5.

against the Jews of Sepphoris, 2, 570.

the excommunication of, revived, 3, 378.

decree against, by the Mayence synod, 3, 517.

against Jews in Spain, 4, 155–6.

Innocent II, pope, convenes a Church Council in France, 3, 376.

Innocent III, pope, persecutes Raymond VI of Toulouse, 3, 400, 501–2.

preaches the third crusade, 3, 405.

refuses to sanction Philip Augustus’ marriage, 3, 406.

baneful influence of, 3, 496.

protects the Jews against the crusaders, 3, 496–7.

and Pedro II of Aragon, 3, 497–8.

reproaches Philip Augustus with disregard of anti-Jewish decrees, 3, 498–9.

reprimands Alfonso III of Castile for kindly treatment of Jews, 3, 499.

threatens excommunication for intercourse with Jews, 3, 499.

threatens Count Nevers for favoring the Jews, 3, 500.

organizes the Albigensian crusade, 3, 502.

asked to decree a crusade against the Mahometans, 3, 507.

convokes the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 508–9.

introduces Jew badges, 3, 511–12.

death of, 3, 513.

anti-Jewish decrees of, enforced in southern France, 3, 518.

anti-Jewish decrees of, in Hungary, 3, 520–1.

degrades the Jews, 3, 563.

Jewish constitution of, re-issued, 3, 564.

anti-Jewish decrees of, confirmed, 3, 611.

Innocent IV, pope, appealed to, in behalf of the Talmud, 3, 579.

condemns the blood accusation, 3, 583–5, 635.

opposes the forcible baptism of Jews, 4, 165.

Innocent VII, pope, opposes the expulsion of the Jews, 4, 346.

Innocent VIII, pope, urges the establishment of the Portuguese Inquisition, 4, 368.

Innocents, the, legend concerning the slaughter of, 2, 116.

“Inquiry into Light and Truth,” directed against Mendelssohn, 5, 363.

“Inquiry into Probability,” essay by Mendelssohn, 5, 299.

Inquisition, the, established in France, 3, 542.

meets opposition in Navarre, 4, 357.

established at Benevento, 4, 385.

condemns Molcho to the stake, 4, 506–7.

at Rome authorized, 4, 525.

burns the Talmud and other Hebrew writings in Italy, 4, 565.

tries the Marranos of Ancona, 4, 568, 570.

permits the printing of the Zohar, 4, 583.

persecutes the Bologna Jews, 4, 590–1.

in the Netherlands, 4, 601, 662.

the Jews of Italy put under, 4, 654.

cruelties of, to Jews, recounted by Manasseh ben Israel, 5, 31–2.

Inquisition, the Portuguese, commission for the establishment of, 4, 365.

planned by João III, 4, 490.

idea of, abandoned, 4, 490–1.

plans for, mooted, 4, 499–500.

establishment of, opposed, 4, 500, 505.

established by Clement VII, 4, 507.

inhumanity of, complained of by the Marranos, 4, 509.

proceedings of, stopped by Clement VII, 4, 513.

power of, abrogated by Clement VII, 4, 514.

commission on, 4, 514–15.

reconsideration of, ordered by Paul III, 4, 516.

arrested by Paul III, 4, 517.

sanctioned by Paul III, 4, 518, 527.

cruelty of, 4, 519–20.

practically abrogated by Paul III, 4, 520.

rules of, enforced, 4, 521.

crippled, 4, 522.

described by Samuel Usque, 4, 522.

described by an assembly of cardinals, 4, 523.

imprisons Marranos, 4, 670.

Inquisition, the Spanish, first germs of, 4, 167.

deals with Judaizing Marranos, 4, 256.

and the Jews, 4, 308.

established by Ferdinand and Isabella, 4, 309.

views on the establishment of, 4, 310.

authorized by Sixtus IV, 4, 311.

commission to frame the statute for, 4, 312.

statute of, ratified, 4, 312.

judges of, 4, 312.

established in Seville, 4, 312–13.

distrust of, 4, 313.

orders the surrender of fugitive Marranos, 4, 313–14.

first victims of, 4, 314.

publishes the Edict of Grace, 4, 315.

heresy defined by, 4, 315–16.

first auto-da-fé ordered by, 4, 317.

cruelty of, censured by Sixtus IV, 4, 318–19.

established in Aragon, 4, 319, 330.

opposition to, in Aragon, 4, 319, 328–9.

opposition to, in Sicily, 4, 319–20.

judges of, cannot be Marranos, 4, 321.

rigors of, modified by Sixtus IV, 4, 322.

confined at first to the southern part of the country, 4, 323.

description of, by Samuel Usque, 4, 324–5.

tribunals of, established by Torquemada, 4, 325.

in Ferdinand’s hereditary lands, 4, 325–6.

code of, by Torquemada, 4, 326–8.

the introduction of, resisted by the northern provinces, 4, 332.

increase of the victims of, 4, 332.

established in Barcelona and Majorca, 4, 332.

described by Isaac Arama, 4, 332.

in Seville, 4, 335.

turned against the enemies of the Jews, 4, 355.

victims of, under Torquemada, 4, 356.

evil effects of, 4, 356.

described by Peter Martyr, 4, 484.

Christian victims of, 4, 485.

executes Marranos denounced by David Reubeni, 4, 511.

Interest, the charging of, forbidden by the Council of Narbonne, 3, 518. See under Usury.

Intermarriages, between the heathen and the Israelites, 1, 56–7.

between the Judæans and the Samaritans, 1, 361–2, 383.

with Ammonites and Moabites prohibited, 1, 362.

Ezra on, with the heathen, 1, 367–9.

law against, expounded by Ezra, 1, 380.

dissolved by Nehemiah, 1, 386.

between Jews and Christians forbidden by Constantius, 2, 567.

forbidden by the Council of Illiberis, 2, 620.

in Gaul, 3, 36.

between the Vangioni and Jewish women, 3, 41.

in Spain in the sixth century, 3, 44.

prohibited by the Council of Toledo and Reccared, 3, 46.

between Jews and Arabs, 3, 56–7.

supposed to be prevented by Jew badges, 3, 511.

in Hungary, 3, 521.

in southern Spain, 3, 527.

denounced by Moses of Coucy, 3, 546.

prohibited by the code of Alfonso X, 3, 595.

objected to by the Remonstrants, 4, 674.

discussed by the Assembly of Jewish Notables, 5, 489, 491.

discussed by the French Synhedrion, 5, 496–7.

permitted in Mecklenburg, 5, 507.

“Investigation into the Evidences of Christianity against Unbelievers,” by Caspar Bonnet, 5, 309.

“Investigation of Religion, The,” by Elias del Medigo, 4, 293.

“Investigation of Van Swieden’s Work in Reference to the Civil Rights of the Jews,” by Friedrichsfeld, 5, 454.

Ionians, the, buy Judæans as slaves, 1, 227.

Ipsus, battle of, 1, 417.

Irak, name for Babylonia among the Arabs, 3, 89.

divided in jurisdiction between Sora and Pumbeditha, 3, 98.

См. Вавилония.

Isaac, ambassador from Simon II to Nahar-Pakod, 2, 443–4.

Isaac, father of Chasdaï Ibn-Shaprut, patron of men of letters, 3, 216, 224.

Isaac, the Jew attached to Charlemagne’s embassy to Haroun Alrashid, 3, 143.

Исаак. См. Мар-Исаак.

Isaac of Accho, Kabbalist, at the siege of Accho, 3, 650.

suspicious of the authenticity of the Zohar, 4, 20.

Isaac the Blind (1190–1210), founder of the Kabbala, doctrines and disciples of, 3, 547–8.

Исаак Старший. См. Исаак бен Самуил.

Isaac de Leon, last rabbi of Toledo, disciple of, 4, 392.

Isaac of Mayence, repentant, apostate, 3, 303.

Isaac of Salzuflen, refused the right of settlement in Hamburg, 4, 685–6.

Isaac of Vienna, disciple of Judah Sir Leon, 3, 409.

Исаак Младший. См. Исаак бен Авраам.

Isaac ben Joseph, Palestinian Amora, banished from Judæa, 2, 567.

Isaac ben Abba-Mari, Talmudist, 3, 399–400.

Isaac ben Abraham (Rizba, the Younger), Tossafist, 3, 408.

Isaac ben Abraham Akrish (1489–1575), Spanish exile, wanderings of, 4, 386.

Isaac ben Abraham Ibn-Ezra, accompanies his father on his journeys, 3, 369, 375.

apostate to Islam, 3, 442.

Isaac ben Abraham Ibn-Latif (1220–1290), Kabbalist, system of, 4, 3–4.

Isaac ben Abraham Troki (1533–1596), Karaite writer, antagonizes Christianity, 4, 648–9.

Isaac ben Asher Halevi (Riba), of Speyer, Tossafist, 3, 345.

Isaac ben Baruch Albalia (1035–1094), descent of, 3, 282.

at Cordova and Granada, 3, 283.

works of, 3, 283.

escapes the massacre of Granada, 3, 283.

as astronomer, 3, 283.

chief of the Jews of Seville, 3, 283–4.

hostility of, to Alfassi, 3, 313.

descendant of, 3, 364.

Isaac ben Eliakim, rabbi of Würzburg, martyr, 3, 354.

Isaac ben Jacob Alfassi (Alkalaï, 1013–1103), Talmudist, disciple of Nissim and Chananel, 3, 282, 285.

originality of, 3, 285–6.

death of, 3, 309.

elegies on, 3, 310, 323.

makes Lucena famous, 3, 311.

hostility of, to Isaac Ibn-Albalia, 3, 313.

disciples of, distinguished, 3, 314.

successor of, 3, 315.

college of, attended by Jehuda Halevi, 3, 322.

commentaries of, annotated by Serachya Halevi Gerundi, 3, 389.

commentary on the Talmudic work of, by Jonathan of Lünel, 3, 397.

method of, followed by Nachmani, 3, 532.

Talmudic decisions by, justified by Nachmani, 3, 532.

Isaac ben Jacob Campanton (1360–1463), Talmudist, 4, 230.

Isaac ben Jacob Halaban, Tossafist, 3, 421.

Isaac ben Jehuda Ibn-Giat (1030–1089), poet, philosopher, Talmudist, 3, 282, 284.

disciple of, 3, 314.

Isaac ben Joseph of Corbeil, author of a religious manual, 3, 587.

Isaac ben Joseph Caro, escapes from Portugal, 4, 378.

Isaac ben Joseph Israeli II, astronomer, 4, 51.

Isaac (I) ben Judah Abrabanel (1437–1509), descent of, 4, 169, 337.

friend of Yechiel of Pisa, 4, 286–7.

collects a ransom for Jewish prisoners, 4, 287, 339.

minister of finance to Ferdinand and Isabella, 4, 336–7, 343.

character and ability of, 4, 337.

financier for Alfonso V of Portugal, 4, 337–8.

noble and learned friends of, 4, 338, 341.

instructs the Italian Jews how to receive the Portuguese embassy, 4, 340.

family of, 4, 340, 360, 383–4, 408–10.

flees to Toledo, 4, 341.

as commentator, 4, 342–3.

orthodoxy of, 4, 342.

protects the Castilian Jews, 4, 343–4.

tries to have the edict of banishment revoked, 4, 348.

goes to Naples, 4, 359.

commentary by, on the Books of Kings, 4, 359.

employed by kings of Naples, 4, 359, 360.

in Sicily, 4, 383–4.

in Venice, 4, 385.

consulted by the Venetian senate, 4, 385–6.

old age of, 4, 386.

censures the impure language of the German Jews, 4, 388–9.

death of, 4, 409.

condemns free thinkers, 4, 479.

and Messianic expectations, 4, 482.

Isaac ben Leon, a Granada Jew, supports Balkin, 3, 258.

Isaac ben Meïr of Rameru, grandson of Rashi, Tossafist, 3, 345, 375.

Isaac ben Mordecai (Maëstro Gayo), physician, 3, 628.

Исаак бен Моисей. См. Профиат Дуран.

Isaac ben Moses Ibn-Sakni, given the title Gaon at Pumbeditha, 3, 282, 284–5.

awakens interest in Talmud studies in Bagdad, 3, 429.

Isaac ben Reuben Albergeloni, Talmudist and liturgical poet, 3, 284.

Isaac ben Samuel (Ri, the Elder), great-grandson of Rashi, Tossafist, completes Rashi’s commentary, 3, 403.

college of, 3, 403–4.

collects the “old Tossafoth,” 3, 404.

son of, a martyr, 3, 404.

forbids Jews to buy confiscated property, 3, 406–7.

Isaac ben Sheshet Barfat (Ribash, 1310–1409), Talmudist, 4, 145–6, 148.

disciple of Solomon ben Adret, 4, 147.

opposed to the study of science, 4, 147.

rigid piety of, 4, 147, 148, 149.

rabbi of Saragossa, 4, 148.

opposes Chayim ben Gallipapa’s innovations, 4, 149.

authority of, 4, 149–50.

imprisonment of, 4, 150.

appealed to, in a dispute about the French chief rabbinate, 4, 150, 153.

chief rabbi of Tlemçen, 4, 198–9.

protects Marrano fugitives, 4, 199.

attacked by Simon Duran, 4, 199.

Isaac ben Simeon, a Spanish Jew, has the Jewish prayers compiled, 3, 178.

Isaac ben Suleiman Israeli I (845–940), physician, medical author, and philosopher, 3, 180–1.

admiration of, for Saadiah, 3, 192.

influence of, on Jewish science in the Fatimide Caliphate, 3, 211.

Isaac ben Todros, Kabbalist, disciple of, 4, 74.

Исаак Ибн-Альбалия. См. Исаак бен Барух Альбалия.

Isaac Ibn-G’ikatilia, disciple of Menachem ben Saruk, defends him, 3, 227.

poet, 3, 237.

teacher of Ibn-Janach, 3, 261.

Isaac Ibn-Sahal, teacher of Ibn-Janach, 3, 261.

Isaac (Zag) Ibn-Said, compiler of the Alfonsine Tables, 4, 367.

Исаак Ибн-Сакни. См. Исаак бен Моисей Ибн-Сакни.

Isaac Ibn-Zachin, commits suicide to avoid baptism, 4, 376.

Исаак (I) Абрабанель. См. Исаак (I) бен Иуда Абрабанель.

Isaac (II) Abrabanel, son of Isaac ben Judah, physician, 4, 340, 385.

Isaac (III) Abrabanel, son of Judah Leon, baptized, 4, 361.

Isaac Albalag, philosopher, mysticism of, 4, 24.

accused of heresy, 4, 342.

Isaac Arama, on the Inquisition, 4, 332.

Isaac Benveniste, physician, tries to prevent anti-Jewish legislation, 3, 508.

has delegates sent to the Fourth Lateran Council, 3, 509.

tries to have the decree on Jew badges repealed, 3, 513.

honored by Honorius III, 3, 515.

Isaac Bonastruc, has a tax imposed on Marrano fugitives, 4, 199.

Isaac Cohen Shalal, Nagid of Egypt, wealth and learning of, 4, 392.

in Jerusalem, 4, 398.

Isaac Halevi, of Worms, on Rashi, 3, 287.

Исаак Хамон. См. Хамон, Исаак.

Исаак Израиль I. См. Исаак бен Сулейман Израиль I.

Исаак Израиль II. См. Исаак бен Иосиф Израиль II.

Isaac Lurya Levi (1534–1572), descent and youth of, 4, 618.

under the influence of the Zohar, 4, 618–19.

evolves a system from the Zohar, 4, 619–22.

considers himself the Messiah of the branch of Joseph, 4, 622, 624.

goes to Safet, 4, 622.

glorified by Chayim Vital Calabrese, 4, 623–4.

disciples of, 4, 624.

glorified after death, 4, 624–5.

principles of, taught in Italy, 4, 625.

harm done by, 4, 625–7; 5, 559.

lays stress on devotion in prayer, 4, 626.

the Sabbath in the system of, 4, 626.

introduces a second Day of Atonement, 4, 626.

influence of, on the Judaism of the seventeenth century, 5, 51–2.

disciples of, spread his Kabbala, 5, 52.

manuscripts by, 5, 53–4.

Kabbala of, accepted by Sabbataï Zevi, 5, 118, 119.

Messianic speculations in the works of, 5, 120–1.

works of, studied by Chelebi, 5, 125.

Jerusalem Jews adherents of, 5, 125.

writings of, influence Luzzatto, 5, 236.

prayer book of, used by the Chassidim, 5, 386–7.

Isaac Nathan ben Kalonymos, polemic works by, 4, 234.

Bible concordance by, 4, 234–5.

Isaac Pulgar, refutes the charges of Alfonso Burgensis, 4, 82.

philosopher, 4, 91.

Isaac Sanjari, converts Bulan to Judaism, 3, 140.

Isaac Triest, Jewish advocate before Maximilian I, 4, 436–7.

Isaac Tyrnau, compiles the customs of various communities, 4, 134.

orthodoxy of, 4, 227.

Isaac Zarfati, urges the German Jews to emigrate to Turkey, 4, 271–3.

Isaacs, the five, 3, 282.

Isabella I, the Catholic, of Castile, candidate for the throne, 4, 279.

marriage of, 4, 280.

accession of, 4, 284.

superstition of, 4, 310.

hesitates to sanction the Inquisition for Marranos, 4, 311.

attitude of, towards the Marranos, 4, 311–12.

annoyed by opposition to the Inquisition, 4, 320.

См. также Фердинанд и Изабелла.

Isabella II, of Castile, daughter of the preceding, to marry Manoel of Portugal, 4, 373.

hostile to the Jews, 4, 373, 379–80.

demands the banishment of the Jews, 4, 374.

cruelty of, 4, 376.

death of, 4, 381.

Isabelle, countess of Chartres, persecutes the Jews of Blois, 3, 379.

Isaiah, the Babylonian, prophet, describes the suffering of the exiles, 1, 344.

oratory of, 1, 344–5.

consolation given by, 1, 345–6.

describes Israel as the apostle to the nations, 1, 346–7.

prophesies the fall of Babylon, 1, 347–8.

Isaiah, son of Amoz, prophet, prophecies of, 1, 251–3.

wife of, 1, 251.

disciples of, 1, 253–4, 279. See Anavim, the.

warns Ahaz against the Assyrian alliance, 1, 258–9.

advises neutrality between Egypt and Assyria, 1, 270.

reproves Shebna, 1, 271.

predicts the doom of Assyria, 1, 272–3.

predicts Sennacherib’s failure, 1, 273, 276.

exhorts Hezekiah not to surrender, 1, 275.

reproves Hezekiah for his reception of Merodach-baladan’s embassy, 1, 279.

in Immanuel Romi’s work, 4, 67.

Isaiah, the Book of, reading of, forbidden by Justinian I, 3, 15.

commentary on, by Abraham Ibn-Ezra, 3, 373.

Isaiah ben Abba-Mari, authorized to ordain disciples in France, 4, 152.

relieves Jochanan of his office as chief rabbi, 4, 152, 162.

appoints his relations to the French rabbinates, 4, 153.

Isaiah Chassid, Sabbatian leader, 5, 213, 229.

Isambert, French deputy, charges Ratti Menton with cruelty, 5, 650.

Isavites, adherents of Obaiah Abu-Isa ben Ishak, 3, 125.

Iscion, Jewish printing house in, 4, 289.

Isebab, teacher of the Law, clerk of the Jamnia Synhedrion, 2, 357.

charitably inclined, 2, 405.

martyr, 2, 429.

Ishbi of Gath, Philistine champion, 1, 117.

Ishbosheth, son of Saul, made king of the Ten Tribes by Abner, 1, 108.

peaceable disposition of, 1, 109.

deserted by Abner, 1, 110.

mourns Abner, 1, 112.

death of, 1, 112.

Ishmael, ancestor of the northern Arabs, 3, 60.

Ishmael II, high priest, appointed by Agrippa II, 2, 246.

envoy to Nero, 2, 248.

Ishmael of Akbara, founds a Karaite sect, 3, 157.

Ishmael ben Elisha, teacher of the Law, opponent of Akiba’s system, 2, 355–6.

martyr, 2, 356, 427–8.

praises Simon ben Nanos, 2, 358.

nephew of, 2, 370.

deprecates Minæan influence on Judaism, 2, 378.

emigrates to Usha, 2, 405.

at Lydda, 2, 423.

counsels religious laxness as a measure of self-preservation, 2, 424.

Meïr disciple of, 2, 436.

method of, in southern Judæa, 2, 442.

Ishmael ben José (ben Chalafta), teacher of the Law, ill-treated by the Samaritans, 2, 457–8.

denounces Jewish freebooters to the Romans, 2, 464–5.

denounced, 2, 465.

Исмаил Ибн-Нагрела. См. Самуил Халеви Ибн-Нагрела.

Ishmael, son of Nethaniah, protected by Baalis of Ammon, 1, 317–18.

treacherous to Gedaliah, 1, 321–2.

kills Gedaliah, 1, 322.

takes refuge with the Ammonites, 1, 322–3.

end of, unknown, 1, 325.

Ishmael Almansur Ibnul’Kaim, Fatimide caliph, patron of Dunash ben Tamim, 3, 211.

Ishmael Chanina, rabbi of Bologna, steadfastness of, 4, 591.

Ishmaelites, the northern Arabians, 3, 61.

Isidore, archbishop of Seville, presides over the Council of Toledo, 3, 49.

writes two books against the Jews, 3, 50.

Isidorus, an Alexandrian actuary, hostile to the Judæans, 2, 181.

envoy of the Greek Alexandrians to Caligula, 2, 186.

Isis, Egyptian goddess, 1, 9.

Islam, the faith of Mahomet, 3, 71.

intolerance of, 3, 87–8.

divided on the election of the fourth caliph, 3, 90.

among the Chazars, 3, 139.

champion of, tries to convert Bulan, 3, 139–40.

philosophy of, called Kalâm, 3, 146–9.

theology affects the Jews of the East, 3, 148.

objections of, to Judaism, answered by Saadiah, 3, 198.

conversion to, decreed by Hakim, 3, 247.

contest of, with Christianity, 3, 297.

characterized by Jehuda Halevi, 3, 329, 330.

characterized as idolatry by a Jewish writer, 3, 453.

См. также Обращения, насильственные, евреев в ислам.

Isle de France, the inheritance of the kings of France, 3, 401.

Jews banished from, by Philip Augustus, 3, 402–3.

the Jews of, not permitted to move to Champagne, 3, 406.

Isny, Hebrew printing house at, 4, 474.

Ispahan, Armenian Jews colonized in, 2, 591.

called Jehudia, 2, 591.

Ispahan, the Jews of, persecuted by Firuz, 2, 629.

adherents of Obaiah Abu-Isa ben Ishak, 3, 124.