4
Where wheat vpon edish ye mind to bestowe,
let that be the first of the wheat ye do sowe:
He seemeth to hart it and comfort to bring,
that giueth it comfort of Mihelmas spring.
Best wheat first sowen.
5
White wheat vpon peaseetch doth grow as he wold,
but fallow is best, if we did as we shold:[1]
Yet where, how, and when, ye entend to begin,
let euer the finest be first sowen in.[2]
6[3]
Who soweth in raine, he shall reape it with teares,
who soweth in harmes,[4] he is euer in feares,
Who soweth ill seede or defraudeth his land,
hath eie sore abroode, with a coresie at hand.
7[5]
Seede husbandly sowen, water furrow[6] thy ground,
that raine when it commeth may run away round,
Then stir about Nicoll, with arrow and bowe,
take penie for killing of euerie crowe.
[Не в 1577.] Отступление к обычаям разных стран относительно обработки земли.
8
Each soile hath no liking of euerie graine,
nor barlie and wheat is for euerie vaine:
Yet knowe I no countrie so barren of soile
but some kind of corne may be gotten with toile.
9
In Brantham,[E107] where rie but no barlie did growe,
good barlie I had, as a meany did knowe:
Five seame of an aker I truely was paid,
for thirtie lode muck of each aker so laid.
10
In Suffolke againe, where as wheat neuer grew,
good husbandrie vsed good wheat land I knew:
This Prouerbe experience long ago gaue,
that nothing who practiseth nothing shall haue.
11
As grauell and sand is for rie and not wheat,
(or yeeldeth hir burden to tone the more great,)
So peason and barlie delight not in sand,
but rather in claie or in rottener land.
12
Wheat somtime is steelie or burnt as it growes,
for pride[7] or for pouertie practise so knowes.
Too lustie of courage for wheat doth not well,
nor after sir peeler he looueth to dwell.[E108]
13
Much wetnes, hog rooting, and land out of hart,
makes thistles a number foorthwith to vpstart.
If thistles so growing prooue lustie and long,
it signifieth land to be hartie and strong.
14
As land full of tilth and in hartie good plight,
yeelds blade to a length and encreaseth in might,
So crop vpon crop, vpon whose courage we doubt,
yeelds blade for a brag, but it holdeth not out.
15
The straw and the eare to haue bignes and length,
betokeneth land to be good and in strength.
If eare be but short, and the strawe be but small,
it signifieth barenes and barren withall.
16
White wheat or else red, red riuet or whight,
far passeth all other, for land that is light.
White pollard or red, that so richly is set,
for land that is heauie is best ye can get.
17
Maine wheat that is mixed with white and with red
is next to the best in the market mans hed:
So Turkey or Purkey wheat[E109] many doe loue,
because it is flourie, as others aboue.
18
Graie wheat is the grosest, yet good for the clay,
though woorst for the market, as fermer may say.
Much like vnto rie be his properties found,
coorse flower, much bran, and a peeler of ground.
19
Otes, rie, or else barlie, and wheat that is gray,
brings land out of comfort, and soone to decay:
One after another, no comfort betweene,
is crop vpon crop, as will quickly be seene.
Crop vpon crop.
20
Still crop vpon crop many farmers do take,
and reape little profit for greedines sake.
Though breadcorne & drinkcorn[E110] such croppers do stand:
count peason or brank, as a comfort to land.
21
Good land that is seuerall, crops may haue three,
in champion countrie it may not so bee:
Ton taketh his season, as commoners may,
the tother with reason may otherwise say.
22
Some vseth at first a good fallow to make,
to sowe thereon barlie, the better to take.
Next that to sowe pease, and of that to sowe wheat,
then fallow againe, or lie lay for thy neat.
23
First rie, and then barlie, the champion saies,
or wheat before barlie be champion waies:
But drinke before bread corne with Middlesex men,
then lay on more compas, and fallow agen.
24
Where barlie ye sowe, after rie or else wheat,
if land be vnlustie,[8] the crop is not great,
So lose ye your cost, to your coresie and smart,
and land (ouerburdened) is cleane out of hart.
25
Exceptions take of the champion land,
from lieng alonge from that at thy hand.
(Just by) ye may comfort with compas at will,
far off ye must comfort with fauor and skill.
26
Where rie or else wheat either barlie ye sowe,
let codware be next, therevpon for to growe:
Thus hauing two crops, whereof codware is ton,
thou hast the lesse neede, to lay cost therevpon.
27
Some far fro the market delight not in pease,
for that ery chapman they seeme not to please.
If vent of the market place serue thee not well,
set hogs vp a fatting, to drouer to sell.
28
Two crops of a fallow enricheth the plough,
though tone be of pease, it is land good ynough:
One crop and a fallow some soile will abide,
where if ye go furder lay profit aside.
29
Where peason ye had and a fallow thereon,
sowe wheat ye may well without doong therevpon:
New broken vpland, or with water opprest,
or ouer much doonged, for wheat is not best.
30
Where water all winter annoieth too much,
bestowe not thy wheat vpon land that is such:
But rather sowe otes, or else bullimong[E111] there,
gray peason, or runciuals, fitches, or tere.
Sowing of acorns.
31
Sowe acornes ye owners, that timber doe looue,
sowe hawe and rie with them the better to prooue;
If cattel or cunnie may enter to crop,
yong oke is in daunger of loosing his top.
Sowing of Hastings or fullams.
32
Who pescods delighteth to haue with the furst,
if now he do sowe them, I thinke it not wurst.
The greener thy peason and warmer the roome,
more lusty the layer, more plenty they come.
33
Go plow vp or delue vp, aduised with skill,
the bredth of a ridge, and in length as you will.
Where speedy quickset for a fence ye wil drawe,
to sowe in the seede of the bremble and hawe.[E112]
A disease in fat hogs.
34
Through plenty of acornes, the porkling to fat,
not taken in season, may perish by that,
If ratling or swelling get once to the throte,
thou loosest thy porkling, a crowne to a grote.[E113]
Not to fat for rearing.
35
What euer thing fat is, againe if it fall,
thou ventrest the thing and the fatnes withall,
The fatter the better, to sell or to kil,
but not to continue, make proofe if ye wil.
Burieng of dead cattell.
36
What euer thing dieth, go burie or burne,
for tainting of ground, or a woorser il turne.
Such pestilent smell of a carrenly thing,
to cattle and people great peril may bring.
Measeled hogs.
37
Thy measeled bacon, hog, sow, or thy bore,
shut vp for to heale, for infecting thy store:
Or kill it for bacon, or sowce it to sell,
for Flemming, that loues it so deintily well.[E114]
Strawwisps and peasbolts.
38
With strawisp and peasebolt, with ferne and the brake,
for sparing of fewel, some brewe and do bake,
And heateth their copper, for seething of graines:
good seruant rewarded, refuseth no paines.[E115]
Olde wheat better than new.
39
Good breadcorne and drinkcorne, full xx weekes kept,
is better then new, that at harvest is rept:
But foisty the breadcorne and bowd eaten malt,[E116]
for health or for profit, find noysome thou shalt.
40[9]
By thend of October, go gather vp sloes,
haue thou in a readines plentie of thoes,
And keepe them in bedstraw, or still on the bow,
to staie both the flixe of thyselfe and thy cow.
A medicin for the cow flixe.
41
Seeith water and plump therein plenty of sloes,
mix chalke[10] that is dried in powder with thoes
Which so, if ye giue, with the water and chalke,
thou makest the laxe fro thy cow away walke.[E117]
42[11]
Be sure of vergis (a gallond at least)
so good for the kitchen, so needfull for beast,
It helpeth thy cattel, so feeble and faint,
if timely such cattle with it thou acquaint.
Так заканчивается октябрьское хозяйствование.
[1] Белая пшеница на гороховой стерне охотно растет, хотя лучше всего на пару, как многие знают. 1577.
[2] After st. 5, 1577 has st. 31 post.
[3] Строфа 6 отсутствует в 1577 году.
[4] «В беде или на пути к беде, будь то дороги, злые соседи, потоки воды, кролики или другие вредители». — Т.Р. Ср. выше, гл. 16, строфа 15.
[5] В сентябрьском хозяйствовании, 1577.
[6] «Борозды, проведенные поперек гребней в самой низкой части земли». — Т.Р.
[7] «или слишком много навоза». — Т.Р.
[8] «Существует сорт ячменя, называемый ячмень-спрат, или ячмень-ракетка, который будет очень хорошо расти на тучной земле». — Т.Р.
[9] Строфа 40 отсутствует в 1577 году.
[10] мел. 1577.
[11] Строфа 42 отсутствует в 1577 году.
20.
Ноябрьский обзор.
Гл. 18
1
Let hog once fat,
loose nothing of that.
When mast is gon,
hog falleth anon,
Still fat vp some,
till Shroftide come.
Now porke and souse,
beares tack in house.
2
Put barlie to malting,
lay flitches a salting.
Through follie too beastlie[E118]
much bacon is reastie.[1]
3
Some winnow, some fan,
some cast that can.[2]
In casting prouide,
for séede lay aside.
4
Thresh barlie thou shalt,
for chapman to malt.
Else thresh no more
but for thy store.
5[3]
Till March thresh wheat,
but as ye doo eat,
Least baker forsake it
if foystines take it.
6
No chaffe in bin,
makes horse looke thin.
7[4]
Sowe hastings now,
that hastings alow.
8
They buie it full déere,
in winter that réere.
9
Few fowles, lesse swine,
rere now, friend mine.
10
What losse, what sturs,
through rauening curs.
11
Make Martilmas béefe,
déere meate is a théefe.
12
Set garlike and pease,
saint Edmond to please.
13
When raine takes place,
to threshing apace.
14
Mad braine, too rough,
marres all at plough.
With flaile and whips,
fat hen short skips.
15
Some threshing by taske,
will steale and not aske:
Such thresher at night
walkes seldom home light.
Some corne away lag
in bottle and bag.
Some steales, for a iest,
egges out of the nest.
16
Lay stouer[E119] vp drie
in order to lie.
Poore bullock[5] doth craue
fresh straw to haue.
17
Make wéekly vp flower,
though threshers do lower:
Lay graine in loft
and turne it oft.
18
For muck, regard,
make cleane foule yard.
Lay straw to rot,
in watrie plot.
19
Hedlond vp plow,
for compas ynow.
20
For herbes good store,
trench garden more.
21
At midnight trie
foule priuies to fie.
22
Rid chimney of soot,
from top to the foot.
23
In stable, put now
thy horses for plow.
24
Good horsekeeper will
laie muck vpon hill.
25[6]
Cut molehils that stand
so thick vpon land.
Так заканчивается ноябрьский обзор, согласующийся с ноябрьским хозяйствованием.
Другие краткие напоминания.
26
Get pole, boy mine,
beate hawes to swine.
Driue hog to the wood,
brake rootes be good.
27
For mischiefe that falles,
looke well to marsh walles.
Drie laier get neate,
and plentie of meate.
28
Curst cattel that nurteth,
poore wennel soon hurteth.
Good neighbour mine,
ring well thy swine.
29
Such winter may serue,
hog ringled[7] will sterue.
In frost kéepe dog
from hunting of hog.
Здесь заканчиваются ноябрьские краткие напоминания.
[1] застоявшийся. 1577
[2] 1577 гласит —
Пусть хозяйственный человек делает так чисто, как может.
[3] Не в 1577.
[4] Строфы 7-10 отсутствуют в 1577 году.
[5] корова.
[6] Строфа 25 отсутствует в 1577 году.
[7] окольцован. 1577.
21.
Ноябрьское хозяйствование.
Гл. 19.
Nouember take flaile,
Let ship no more saile.
Forgotten month past,
Doe now at the last.
Slaughter time.
1
At Hallontide, slaughter time entereth in,
and then doth the husbandmans feasting begin
From thence vnto shroftide kill now and then some,
their offal for houshold the better wil come.[E120]
Dredge is otes and barlie.
2
Thy dredge and thy barley go thresh out to malt,
let malster be cunning, else lose it thou shalt:
Thencrease of a seame is a bushel for store,
bad else is the barley, or huswife much more.
Winnowing, fanning, and casting.
3
Some vseth to winnow,[1] some vseth to fan,
some vseth to cast it as cleane as they can:
For seede goe and cast it, for malting not so,
but get out the cockle,[2] and then let it go.[E121]
Threshing of barlie.
4
Thresh barlie as yet but as neede shal require,
fresh threshed for stoouer thy cattel desire:
And therefore that threshing forbeare as ye may,
till Candelmas comming, for sparing of hay.
5
Such wheat as ye keepe for the baker to buie,
vnthreshed till March in the sheafe let it lie,
Least foistnes take it if sooner yee thresh it,
although by oft turning ye seeme to refresh it.[E122]
Chaffe of corne.
6
Saue chaffe of the barlie, of wheate, and of rie,
from feathers and foistines, where it doth lie,
Which mixed with corne, being sifted of dust,
go giue to thy cattel, when serue them ye must.
7[3]
Greene peason or hastings at Hallontide sowe,
in hartie good soile he requireth to growe:
Graie peason or runciuals cheerely to stand,
at Candlemas sowe, with a plentifull hand.
8
Leaue latewardly rering, keepe now no more swine,
but such as thou maist, with the offal of thine:
Except ye haue wherewith to fat them away,
the fewer thou keepest, keepe better yee may.
9
To rere vp much pultrie, and want the barne doore,
is naught for the pulter and woorse for the poore.
So, now to keepe hogs and to sterue them for meate,
is as to keepe dogs for to bawle in the streate.
10
As cat a good mouser is needfull in house,
because for hir commons she killeth the mouse,
So rauening curres, as a meany doo keepe,
makes master want meat, and his dog to kill sheepe.[E123]
Martilmas beefe.
11
(For Easter) at Martilmas hang vp a beefe,
for stalfed and pease fed plaie pickpurse the theefe:
With that and the like, er an grasse biefe come in,
thy folke shal looke cheerelie when others looke thin.
¶ Set garlike and beanes.
12
Set garlike and beanes, at S. Edmond[4] the king,
the moone in the wane, thereon hangeth a thing:[E124]
Thencrease of a pottle (well prooued of some)
shal pleasure thy houshold er peskod time come.
Threshing.
13
When raine is a let to thy dooings abrode,
set threshers a threshing to laie on good lode:
Thresh cleane ye must bid them, though lesser they yarn,
and looking to thriue, haue an eie to thy barne.
Cattle beaters.
14
Take heede to thy man in his furie and heate,
with ploughstaff and whipstock, for maiming thy neate:
To thresher for hurting of cow with his flaile,
or making thy hen to plaie tapple vp taile.[E125]
Corne stealers.
15
Some pilfering thresher will walke with a staffe,
will carrie home corne as it is in the chaffe,
And some in his bottle of leather so great[E126]
will carry home daily both barlie and wheat.
Kéepe dry thy straw.
16
If houseroome will serue thee, lay stouer vp drie,
and euerie sort by it selfe for to lie.
Or stack it for litter, if roome be too poore,
and thatch out the residue noieng thy doore.[5]
Euery wéeke rid thy barne flower.
17
Cause weekly thy thresher to make vp his flower,
though slothfull and pilferer thereat doo lower:
Take tub for a season, take sack for a shift,
yet garner for graine is the better for thrift.
18
All maner of strawe that is scattered in yard,
good husbandlie husbands haue daily regard,
In pit full of water the same to bestowe,
where lieng to rot, thereof profit may growe.
Digging of hedlonds.
19
Now plough vp thy hedlond,[6] or delue it with spade,
where otherwise profit but little is made:
And cast it vp high, vpon hillocks to stand,
that winter may rot it, to compas thy land.
Trenching of garden.
20
If garden requier it, now trench it ye may,
one trench not a yard from another go lay:
Which being well filled with muck by and by,
go couer with mould for a season to ly.
Clensing of priuies.
21
Foule priuies are now to be clensed and fide,
let night be appointed such baggage to hide:
Which buried in garden, in trenches alowe,
shall make very many things better to growe.
Sootie chimneyes.
22
The chimney all sootie would now be made cleene,
for feare of mischances, too oftentimes seene:
Old chimney and sootie, if fier once take,
by burning and breaking, soone mischeefe may make.[E127]
Put horse into stable.
23
When ploughing is ended, and pasture not great,
then stable thy horses, and tend them with meat:
Let season be drie when ye take them to house,
for danger of nittes, or for feare of a louse.[E128]
Sauing of doong.
24
Lay compas vp handsomly, round on a hill,
to walke in thy yard at thy pleasure and will,
More compas it maketh and handsom the plot,
if horsekeeper daily forgetteth it not.
25[7]
Make hillocks of molehils, in field thorough out,
and so to remaine, till the yeere go about.
Make also the like whereas plots be too hie,
all winter a rotting for compas to lie.
Так заканчивается ноябрьское хозяйствование.
[1] веять. 1557.
[2] «Если куколь оставить, он будет действовать, и некоторые говорят, что сделает напиток крепче». — Т.Р.
[3] Строфы 7-10 отсутствуют в 1577 году.
[4] 20 ноября.
[5] «Остальное может лежать на открытом дворе, чтобы скот втоптал в навоз, что является практикой в наши дни, так что наши фермеры, кажется, не так боятся пачкать свои двери, как раньше, и это не без веской причины». — Т.Р.
[6] Т.Р. полагает, что здесь имеется в виду «такая земля на общинном поле, на которой поворачивает весь участок (или часть земли, принадлежащая многим людям, против которой она лежит)».
[7] Строфа 25 отсутствует в 1577 году.
22.
Декабрьский обзор.
Гл. 20.
1
No season to hedge,
get béetle and wedge.
Cleaue logs now all,
for kitchen and hall.
2
Dull working tooles
soone courage cooles.
3
Leaue off tittle tattle,
and looke to thy cattle.
Serue yoong poore elues
alone by themselues.
4
Warme barth for neate,
woorth halfe their meate.
The elder that nurteth
the yonger soone hurteth.
5
Howse cow that is old,
while winter doth hold.
6
Out once in a day,
to drinke and to play.
7
Get trustie to serue,
least cattle doo sterue.
And such as in déede
may helpe at a néede.
8
Obserue this law,
in seruing out straw.
9
In walking about,
good forke spie out.
10
At full and at change,
spring tides are strange.
If doubt ye fray,
driue cattle away.
11
Dank ling forgot
will quickly rot.
12
Here learne and trie
to turne it and drie.
13
Now stocks remooue,
that Orchards looue.
14
Set stock to growe
too thick nor too lowe.
Set now, as they com,
both cherie[1] and plom.
15
Shéepe, hog, and ill beast,
bids stock to ill feast.[2]
16
At Christmas is good
to let thy horse blood.
17
Mark here what rable
of euils in stable.
18
Mixe well (old gaffe)
horse corne with chaffe.
Let Jack nor Gill
fetch corne at will.
19[3]
Some countries gift
to make hard shift.
Some cattle well fare
with fitches and tare.
Fitches and tares
be Norfolke wares.
20
Tares threshed with skill
bestowe as yée will.
21
Hide strawberies, wife,
to saue their life.
22
Knot, border, and all,
now couer ye shall.
23
Helpe bées, sweet conie,
with licour and honie.
24
Get campers a ball,
to campe therewithall.
Так заканчивается декабрьский обзор, согласующийся с декабрьским хозяйствованием. Другие краткие напоминания.