Сэр Джордж Николлс

«История ирландского закона о бедных в связи с положением народа»

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remedy for in cases of ill usage, 42.

—— poor to be maintained, 56.

Henry the Second, submission of Ireland to, in 1172, 1, 3.

Henry the Seventh, exertions of to restore order in Ireland, 4.

Henry the Eighth assumes the title of king of Ireland, 4.

‘History of the English Poor Laws,’ cited, 5, 21, 23, 31, 38, 42, 118, 241, 306, 327, 328.

Holland, visit of the author to, 211 et seq.;

report of the management of the poor in, 212.

Holy Scriptures, objections of the Roman catholics to the indiscriminate reading by their children, 114.

Hood, act against wearing the Irish, 20.

Hospitals for the poor to be provided, 53;

как должны быть разделены, там же.

House of lords, bill for the relief of the Irish poor read a first time in, in 1838, 217;

read a second time, 218;

division in committee upon, 220;

read a third time and passed, 221.

Houses to be cleansed and purified, 78.

—— of the peasant farmer in Belgium, contrast of with those of Ireland, 215.

—— of correction to be built or provided in every county, 1634-5, 28.

—— of industry to be provided, 53;

imperfect provision of, 82;

number of in 1830, 105;

неэффективность при совмещении функций больниц и тюрем, там же;

number of and total income of, in 1833, 127;

число подопечных в, там же;

to be made available as workhouses, recommended, 186;

enactment for using as workhouses, 225.

Husbandmen and labourers, act in 1447 for preventing the sons of, from changing their profession, 15.

Husbands, enactment for making them chargeable for the support of their wives and children, 227;

deserting their wives and families, enactment for the punishment of with imprisonment, 333.

Idiots and insane persons, wards not provided for, 83.

Idle persons, to be brought to be justified in law, 23.

Illegitimate children to be dependent on their mother, recommendation of, 183.

Immigration of Irish poor into England, necessity occasioned by of improving their state in their own country, 153.

Immigrants to England during 1846-7, expense and sickness caused by, 326, 327.

Impatience of the public for the Report of the Commissioners of Inquiry, 124.

Impediments to emigration, propriety of removing, 185.

Implements, agricultural, rude nature of, 95.

Impositions practised under the Temporary Relief Act, 345.

Imprisonment a punishment for begging without a licence, 53.

Improved circumstances of the country in 1851, 378.

Incapacitated persons empowered to convey land, &c. for workhouses, 225.

Incorporations, formation of to provide and maintain fever hospitals, 77.

Incumbrances on estates of proprietors a cause of distress and want of employment, 94;

on Irish landed property, great extent of, 145.

Incumbrancers on Irish estates, recommendation that they should be rated for the support of the poor, 140.

Indian corn, importation of to mitigate the distress occasioned by the potato disease, 307;

reduction of the duty on, 308;

цены на, в 1847 году, 318, примечание.

—— meal, daily amount supplied to each person, 346.

Indirect means adopted for charging property for the relief of destitution, 51.

Indolence of Irish peasantry, 162.

Industrial schools, enactment enabling additional land to be provided for, 354.

—— training of children in workhouses, nature of, 391.

Industry, what branches of may be safely encouraged by legislative means, 88.

Infants, poor, deserted by their parents, provision for, 49.

Infectious fevers in Ireland, increase of, 77.

Infirmaries and hospitals, act for the management of, 74;

required to make annual returns, 75.

—— number of, in 1836, government grants to, and constitution of, 125.

Inmates of workhouses, not to be compelled to attend religious services not of their own creed, 226;

number of, in the Cork and Dublin workhouses in 1841, 263;

number of in, on January 1, 1841, 1842, and 1843, 283;

in 1844, 299;

in 1845-6, 303;

in 1848, 322;

in 1847, 345;

in March 1848, 346;

in September 1848, 363;

in March 1849, 351;

in June 1849, 365;

in 1848-9, 366;

in September 1849, 371;

in March 1850, 366;

in September 1850, 371;

in September 1850, 376;

in September 1851, 387;

in September 1852, 394;

в 1853 году, там же;

in 1854, 402.

Inspection of workhouses by the author, 284.

—— of rate-book, how and to whom allowed, 292.

Inspectors, medical, commissioners empowered to appoint, 362;

постановление, уполномочивающее их посещать и проверять диспансеры, допрашивать свидетелей под присягой и исполнять полномочия по Законам об устранении вредных факторов и предотвращении болезней, 383.

Institutions supported by voluntary charity, notice of, 105;

established for the relief of the poor, Report of the inquiry commissioner on, in 1836, 125;

total amount of charge for in 1833, 128.

Инструкции, письмо с инструкциями от лорда Джона Рассела автору относительно его расследования состояния Ирландии, 157.

Investigation, unsuccessful, as to the cause of the potato disease, 308.

Ireland, supposed to have been peopled from Spain, 1;

not attacked by the barbarians who dismembered the Roman empire, 2;

ancient division of, into four provinces, 3;

how differing from England and Scotland in making no provision for the poor, 13;

state of, in 1776-78, 59 et seq.;

various opinions as to, 61;

the real improvement of, must spring from herself, 151;

distress of, in 1839, through an unfavourable season and deficiency of crops, 257;

extreme distress of, 1846 to 1849, 307 to 360;

population of, in 1821, 1831, 1841, and 1851, 387.

Ireton, completion of the conquest of Ireland by, 10.

Irish, supposed to have occupied great part of Britain, 1;

known by the name of Scots, 2;

description of by Spenser, 6 et seq.;

character, summary of, by Arthur Young, 64;

parliament, acts of, 13 et seq.;

bogs, act for the reclaiming of, 75;

peers, alarm of at the supposed extent of the poor-rate, 217;

government, applications to, for relief, and schemes and suggestions for relieving the distress in 1839, 257.

‘Irish Crisis,’ by Sir Charles Trevelyan, notice of, 256, note; 285, note; 307, 311, 314, 319, 320, 328.

Irish Poor-Law Commission, re-formation of, 338.

—— Poor-Law board delegated to assistant-commissioners, 284;

establishment of, 330, 333;

powers of the previous commissioners transferred to, 334.

Irishrie, five of the best, to bring all idle persons of their surname to be justified by law, 23.

Irishry, feuds and disorders of the, 14.

Island Bridge barrack adapted for the reception of lunatics, 249.

James the First, insurrection of Ireland during the reign of, 9.

James the Second, the Roman catholics of Ireland adhere to the cause of, 10.

Joint-stock companies to vote for guardians by their officers, 230.

Judges of assize to impose rates on parishes refusing to provide for poor deserted infants, 50.

Justices of the peace to regulate wages, 21;

empowered to decide disputes between masters and employers, and servants, artificers, and labourers, 40;

enactment for their being ex-officio members of the boards of guardians, 223;

time and mode of electing, 224;

empowered to proceed on summons for recovery of penalties, 230.

Kay, Dr., visit of to Holland and Belgium, 211;

отчет о, по образованию, там же.

Kearns and idle people, act relating to in 1310, 13.

Kildare Street Society, notice of, 113, note;

Mr. Stanley’s (Earl of Derby) remarks on, 114 et seq.

King’s speech, in relation to Ireland, on opening parliament in 1836, 154.

Kinsale surrendered to Cromwell, 10.

Labour, act for the regulation of the wages of, 21;

impolicy of, 22;

method of paying for in Ireland, 61.

—— Rate Act, passing of, 313.

Labouring poor in Ireland, description of the state of in 1823, 94;

legislative interference with to be avoided if possible, 88;

proportion of out of employment, 96;

in Ireland, condition of, 132.

La Cambré, account of the workhouse of, 213.

Land, enactment that not more than twelve acres be annexed to workhouses, 225.

Land, rise in the value of, 98.

Landlord and tenant, relations between, 97.

Landlords, ill effects apprehended from imposing a poor-rate on, 136.

Landowners, advantages of making them contribute to the support of the destitute, 190.

Lands, limitation of the quantity of, to be held by corporations for the use of the poor, 52.

Ласселлс, Роули, упоминание о, 2, примечание.

Legal claims to relief, advantage of not giving the poor, 149.

—— положение, рекомендованное Комиссией по расследованию для больных и немощных бедных, для эмиграции и для случайной нужды, 140, 141.

—— proceedings taken against unions for neglecting to collect rates, 296.

Legislation, Irish, for the relief of the poor, summary view of, 57, 58.

Ленстер, герцог, письмо г-на Стэнли (ныне графа Дерби) к, объявляющее о создании национальной системы образования, 113.

—— the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3.

Lessor made liable for the poor-rate in certain cases, 291.

Letter of author to Lord John Russell in 1853, 399 et seq.

Льюис, Дж. К. «Замечания к Третьему отчету Ирландской комиссии по расследованию положения бедных», 151.

Lezers (gleaners) of corn, act against, temp. Hen. VIII., 19.

Liability of persons to support their destitute relatives, 278.

«Liber Munerum Publicorum Hibernie», упоминание о, 2, примечание.

Licences to beg, how and to whom to be granted, 52.

Limerick, the surrender of, 10;

assistant-commissioners sent to, 234, 236.

Limited relief for the poor, adoption of, 51.

Linen manufacture in Ireland, ill consequences of a mixture of with agricultural pursuits, 89.

Lingard, Dr., statement as to the early learning of Ireland, 2.

Lismore, council at, submits to Henry the Second in 1172, and receives the English laws, 3.

Livery, act of 1495 against retainers, 18;

штраф за нарушение, там же.

Living in Ireland, cheapness of, as compared with England, 65.

Loan funds, recommended for the assistance of the poor, 142.

Loans to families, by way of relief, recommended in certain cases, 178;

for erecting workhouses, mode of managing, 272;

amount of, 273;

amount of from government in 1845, for the erection of workhouses, 302;

may be raised on the security of the rates, to defray the expenses of emigration, 369.

Local machinery for the administration of relief, proposed to be the same as in England, 178.

—— acts to cease on the establishment of workhouses under the New Poor Law Act, 226.

London subscription to alleviate the distress in Ireland in 1823, amount of, 92.

Londonderry, Marquis of, opposition to the Irish Poor Law bill, 219.

—— ——, assistant-commissioners sent to, 236.

Lunacy more prevalent in Ireland than in England, 79.

Lunatic asylums, act for providing, 79;

increase of in 1830, and effectiveness of, 103, 104;

number of in 1836, and expenditure of in 1833, 126.

Magistrates, why some should be ex-officio members of boards of guardians, 208.

Mann, Capt., account of the appearance of the potato during the disease, 310.

Mantle, act against wearing the Irish, 20.

Manufacturing and farming, prejudicial effects of the union of, 63.

Market-towns to be fixed on for centres of unions, 237.

Marriages, early, facilities for and encouragement of in Ireland, 55;

prevalence of in Ireland, 99.

Marshes and bogs, increased advantages of draining on a large scale, 168.

Mary, accession of in 1553, 4;

задерживает Реформацию, там же.

Mathew, Father, his account of the appearance of the potato during the disease, 310.

Meal, amount of distributed in 1846, 312.

—— and medical aid, government supply of to relieve the poor in Donegal, 200.

Меры по оказанию помощи бедным, необходимость учета блага общества в целом при разработке, 133.

Meat seldom eaten by the Irish labouring poor, except at seasons prescribed by the Roman catholic church, 132.

Medical and surgical aid, provision for the supply of to the poor, 74.

Medical charities, Report of the Inquiry Commissioners on, 125;

total expense of supporting in 1833, and number of cases relieved, 126;

inquiry into, 268;

report on in 1842, 279;

act, summary of, 382, 383.

—— commissioner, enactment for the appointment of, 383.

—— practitioners, remuneration of for vaccination cases, 268.

—— relief for the poor, inequality in the distribution of, 127.

Melbourne, Lord, speech of on introducing the new Irish Poor Law bill to the house of lords in 1838, 218.

Mendicancy, measures for the repression of, 44;

prevalence of, in Ireland, 161;

filth and squalor the accompaniments of, 162;

means taken for the repression of under the new Poor Law, 254;

bill introduced to the house of commons for the suppression of in Ireland, 265;

не получили дальнейшего хода, там же;

continued existence of, 280, 281.

Mendicants, poor-law relief necessary for the suppression of, 181;

prevalence of and encouragement of in Ireland, 182;

должны быть переведены как можно скорее в работные дома, там же.

Mendicity Society of Dublin, income of, 106.

—— the sole resource of the aged and impotent poor, 132.

—— institutions, examples of the inefficiency of, 148.

Средние классы, почти полностью поддерживавшие бедных в 1830 году, 106, примечание.

Middlemen, practice of employing, 60;

injurious consequences of, 61.

Migration of mendicant poor, tends to diffuse contagious fevers, 86.

Migratory habits of the Irish opposed to a law of settlement, 181.

Milk, use of by the labouring poor in Ireland, 61.

Ministers and churchwardens of every parish to bind helpless children as apprentices, 41, 42.

Minute of the Poor Law Board of Ireland, of Dec. 5, 1849, 257.

Missionaries, Irish, teachers of the Anglo-Saxons, 2.

Model schools, agricultural, proposed establishment of, 138.

Monasteries in Ireland, oasis of civilization, 2.

Money to be raised for building and supporting houses of correction, 28;

provision for borrowing by boards of guardians, 230.

—— wages, the disadvantages of not paying, 35.

Morpeth, Lord, announcement by of the intentions of government, 155;

вносит законопроект в палату общин о подавлении нищенства в Ирландии, но он не получает дальнейшего хода, 265.

Mortality, greatly increased ratio of in workhouses during the distress occasioned by the potato disease, 326;

decrease of in 1847, 338;

in workhouses, increased ratio of in Feb. 1848, 345;

in 1849, 351.

Munich, the workhouse test principle not adopted in, 197.

Munster, the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3;

unions, embarrassed state of in 1851, 378;

and Connaught, state of in 1851, 390.

Musgrave, Sir Richard, introduction of a bill by for the relief of the poor in Ireland, 154;

consideration of postponed, 155.

National Board of Education, formation of in 1831, 113;

powers of, 116, 117;

incorporated in 1844, 118.

—— distinctions between Irish and English, act for abolishing, 26.

—— establishments, recommendation of providing, for lunatics, deaf dumb and blind poor, vagrants, and persons willing to emigrate, 142;

вся Ирландия должна облагаться налогом для, там же.

—— improvement of Ireland, a board recommended for carrying into effect, 137.

—— schools, regulations for applications for aid, 116;

debate in the house of commons in 1832 on the government plan for, 117;

parliamentary grant in favour of, 118.

Navigation laws, alteration of, 311.

Needy but not destitute persons, not objects of poor-law relief, 203.

Newport, Sir John, chairman of the select committee to inquire into the state of disease and the condition of the labouring poor in 1819, 86;

chairman of the select committee of the house of commons in 1827, on education in Ireland, 108.

Nicholls, Mr. G. ‘Suggestions’ of, in 1836, 130;

рекомендация лорда Джона Рассела палате общин принять средства, предложенные им, для облегчения бедствия в Ирландии, 191;

Second Report of, 196 et seq.

Ninth Report of the proceedingsproceedings in 1847 under the new Poor Law Act in Ireland, 309 et seq.

Nobility and gentry of Ireland, measures of Henry VII. for reducing the power of, 19.

Non-residence of proprietors in Ireland a cause of distress, 90.

North of Ireland, difference between and the south and west, 63;

the author’s examination of the state of, 199;

предполагаемая неприменимость нового Закона о бедных к, опровергнута, там же.

Northmen, irruptions of into Ireland, 3.

Notice of claims to vote for guardians, term for making extended, 293.

Nottinghamshire, continued efficiency of the workhouse test in two parishes of, 164.

Oatmeal, moderate price of during the famine in Ireland in 1823, 92.

Oats, cultivation of in Donegal, to procure whiskey, 201.

Objections to the establishment of the English workhouse system in Ireland, combated by Lord John Russell, 192, 193;

to the new Irish Poor Law bill answered by the author, 197 et seq.

O'Brien, Smith, bill introduced by for a system of poor-laws, 154.

Occupiers, to pay one-half of the poor-rate, 180;

rated under 5l., reasons for exempting from payment of poor-rates, 205;

to pay the poor-rate, 228;

и вычитать половину из владельца, там же;

under 5l. annual rent, regulation as to, 290;

of more than a quarter of an acre not to be deemed destitute, 331.

O'Connell, Mr. D., opposition of to the Irish Poor Law bill of 1837-8, 210;

difficulties arising in the execution of the poor-laws from his agitation for a repeal of the Union, 294.

Officers of health, appointment of, 78;

рекомендация об их избрании во всех городах с населением 1000 и более человек, с правом распоряжаться уборкой улиц, устранением вредных факторов и т. д., 87;

заботиться о подкидышах и детях-сиротах, а по достижении подходящего возраста отправлять их в какую-либо британскую колонию, 144.

—— союзов, комиссары уполномочены устанавливать оклады, предписывать обязанности и т. д., 332.

Opinions, various, respecting the causes of distress in Ireland, and the means of relieving, 120.

Order of proceedings of boards of guardians, a new, issued, 384.

Orders and regulations of the commissioner acting in Ireland forwarded to the London board, 241.

—— issued in 1850 for forming twenty-four new unions, 367.

Orphan-girls, number of enabled to emigrate, 353, 370.

Out-door compulsory employment, not adapted for Ireland in the opinion of the commissioners of inquiry, 135;

employment, difficulty in providing for the poor, 342.

—— relief not to be given, 176;

objections to affording in any case, 204;

decision of the board against affording during the distress of 1839, 258;

limited power given to the guardians for distributing, 330, 331;

necessity for allowing, 336;

amount expended on, in 1848, 346;

число лиц, получающих, там же;

in 1849, 365;

in 1850, 376;

in 1851, 387, 388;

in 1852, 394;

в 1853 году, там же;

in 1854, 402.

Outlaws, maintained by the lords to annoy each other’s rule, 23.

Out-relief lists, number of persons on in 1848, 349;

in 1849, 349;

in March 1850, 366;

in 1850, 376;

in 1851, 387, 388;

in 1852, 394;

в 1853 году, там же;

in 1854, 402.

Overcrowding of workhouses, dangerous results from, 325.

Overseers to collect assessed rates to provide for poor deserted infants, 50.

Owners of property to pay one-half of the poor-rate, 180, 229;

objections to charging the whole of the poor-rate on, 204.

Paid officers, recommendation of employing in administering relief, 178;

Commissioners to direct the appointment of, to carry the poor-law into effect, 224;

of unions, the importance of the provision enabling the Commissioners to appoint, 337.

Pale, English, notice of, 11.

Pamphlets, on the relative value of compulsory and voluntary relief, 129.

Parish rates, recommendation that they should be levied for sanitary purposes, 87.

Parishes refusing to provide for poor deserted infants, how to be proceeded against, 50.

Parliament, prorogation of, 156;

prorogation of on the death of William IV., 195.

Parliamentary franchise, proposition to found upon the poor-law valuations, 266.

—— grants for educational purposes in Ireland, total amount of in 1827, 109.

Parochial machinery for union management, necessity for varying in Irish parishes, 172.

Pasturage, favourable climate of Ireland for, 60.

Pauper idiots and lunatics, permission to be retained in workhouses under certain regulations, 184.

—— labour, impolicy of endeavouring to make it a source of profit, 370.

—— lunatics, wards in workhouses appropriated to, 266.

Пауперы, пораженные лихорадкой или заразными болезнями, могут содержаться попечителями в приюте, или для них могут быть наняты дома, 292.

Pay-schools, number of scholars taught at in 1827, 109.

Peace not to be made with Irish enemies without consent of the governor, 18.

Peasantry, the desirableness of exciting to depend on their own exertions, 93;

the necessity of their obtaining plots of land, the occasion of crime, 161;

indolence and apathy of, 162;

desultory habits and love of amusement of, 163.

Penal colonies in Holland, account of, 214, et seq.

Penalties, justices empowered to proceed on summons for the recovery of, 230.

Perjury, witnesses giving false evidence to the poor-law commissioners, subjected to the penalties for, 334.

Personal property, difficulties of subjecting to a rate, 145.

Persons relieved in 1847, number of, 339.

Peter’s-pence, not paid by the Irish at an early period of their history, 2.

Petitions of the Roman catholic hierarchy for means of education, 108.

Phelan, Mr., investigation by into medical charities, 268.

Phœnician colonies, probable existence of in Ireland, 1.

Pitt, Mr., speech of on proposing the Union, 68;

speech of on submitting resolutions for, 69, 70.

Players of interludes and minstrels, found wandering, to be punished as vagabonds, 30.

Plots of land, strong desire of the Irish peasantry for, 161.

Ploughing by the tail, act against, 32.

Political influence, the desire for, leading to the subdivision of lands, 161.

Poor in Ireland, no provision for, until a recent period, 13.

—— children in Dublin above five years old, to be apprenticed to protestants, 36.

Poor-laws, a modified system recommended for Ireland, 100;

English commissioners recommended for carrying into execution, 187, 188.

—— Law Commissioners of England to be Commissioners of Ireland, 231;

changes in 1852, 398.

—— rate to be recovered from the occupier, who may deduct it from the rent in certain cases, 291.

Poor-rates, amount of charged and collected in 1844, 298.

Poor relief, amount expended on in the year ending Sept. 1847, 345;

to March 1848, 347;

to Sept. 1848, 363;

to March 1849, 351;

to Sept. 1849, 371;

to Sept. 1850, 376;

to Sept. 1851, 387;

to Sept. 1852, 394;

в 1853 году, там же;

in 1854, 402.

Population of Ireland, amount of at various periods, 11, 12;

decrease of between 1841 and 1851, 12;

in 1821, 1831, 1841 and 1851, 357.

——, too rapid increase of, a cause of distress, 94.

Porters and messengers to be licensed for the support of the Dublin Foundling Hospital, 48.

Potato, the facility of procuring, leads to a boundless multiplication of human beings, 90.

—— crop, distress occasioned by the failure of in 1823, 92;

evils of a total dependence on, 93;

in 1839, estimate of the state of, 259;

deficiency of in 1841, 281.

—— disease, occurrence of in 1845-6, 306;

distress occasioned by, 307;

re-appearance of in the autumn of 1846, 323;

recurrence of in 1848, 349.

Potatoes, the food of the labouring poor in Ireland, 61.

Poverty, conclusive evidence as to the state of in Ireland, 158;

not the sole cause of the condition of the Irish peasantry, 162.

Poyning’s Act, 1495, effect of, 17.

Presidents and assistants for the relief of the poor, institution of, 52.

Price of labour in Ireland in 1830, 96.

Private trade in corn, determination not to interfere with, 313.

—— подписки, сумма для помощи бедным в Ирландии во время распространения картофельной болезни, 320, 321.

Progress of population in Ireland, 11, 12.

Promotion, spiritual, to be given to such only as speak English, 21.

Property, feeling prevalent in Ireland in favour of taxing for the relief of the poor, 165;

what is to be assessed for poor-rates, 228;

сумма, начисленная на бедных в Ирландии и Англии, 269, примечание.

Prostitutes, strolling, to be sent to houses of industry and kept to hard labour, 55.

Protestant settlers in Ireland, massacre of in 1641, 10.

—— Charter Schools Society to receive poor children, 54.

—— clergy, favourable to the introduction of a system of poor-laws, 167;

salaries to be appointed for in workhouses, 226.

—— and Romanist classes, division of the kingdom into, 26.

—— and Roman catholic children, separate religious instruction recommended for, 111.

Protestantism, church establishment of in Ireland, 25.

Provisions, high price of, in 1840, 269.

Proxy, reasons for allowing owners to vote for guardians by, 207.

Public works, the extension of recommended in 1830, as a means of employing the Irish poor, 107.

—— act, passing of, 312;

сумма, израсходованная в рамках, в 1846 году, там же.

“Queen’s pay,” ill effects of under the relief works, in withdrawing labourers from their proper employment, 315.

Rapparees, act for suppressing, 38.

Rate to be levied in Dublin for the support of the workhouse, 37;

for the support of the Foundling Hospital, 48;

increase of for that purpose, 49.

—— in aid, amount of the levy of, 359;

amount of the second, 375.

—— of wages in 1851, 391;

in 1853, 397.

—— payers, joint, empowered to vote according to the proportions borne by each, 229.

Rateable property, amount of in 1845, 1847, and 1851, 393.

Rates to be assessed in every county and town for the support of houses of industry, 55;

for emigration, how to be raised, 226;

for the support of the poor, guardians empowered to levy, 227;

to be a poundage rate, 228;

to be recovered by distress if not duly paid, 229;

collection of, apprehended difficulties proved groundless, 277;

amount of, collected for the poor in 1845-6, 304;

total amount raised for the poor, up to 1848, 346;

in 1846, 1847, and 1848, 363;

may be raised for defraying the expenses of emigration, 369.

Rating, power of vested in the board of guardians, 179;

valuation for the purposes of, 180;

under the new Poor-Law bill of 1837, objections to the plan answered, 204.

Reasons against the voluntary system, by a portion of the Commissioners of Inquiry, 147.

Rebellion of 1798, notice of, 11, 67.

Reclamation of waste land, need of on a large scale in Donegal, 201.

Reformation not so successful in Ireland as in England, 4;

education adopted as a means for extending, 25.

Register-book, enactment for the keeping of in workhouses, 226.

Relatives, liabilities of, to support their destitute parents, &c., 278.

Relief, imperfect recognition of the right of to the poor, 31;

to be effectual must be uniform and prompt, 147;

destitution to form the only grounds for, 176;

rules for to be issued by the central authority, 177;

amount expended in during 1841, 276, 277;

in 1842, 283;

in 1843 and 1844, 299;

in 1845, 301;

amount of afforded from various sources under the Public Works Act in 1846, 312.

—— committees, formation of in 1846, 311.

—— Extension Act, copies of sent to all the unions, 338.

—— works, failure of, 316;

сумма, израсходованная на, там же, примечание.

Relieving-officers, enactment for the appointment of, 331.

Religious persuasions, importance of bringing together children of different, for purposes of education, 110;

zeal, difficulties offered by in raising voluntary funds and in affording impartial relief, 148;

service, to be performed in workhouses by clergymen of different denominations, 226.

Remark on the evidence of the Inquiry Commissioners, by Mr. Bicheno, 151.

‘Remarks’ by Mr. G. C. Lewis on the Third Report of the Inquiry Commissioners, 151.

Remittances from emigrants, amounts of, 392.

Rental of Ireland in 1776-78, 65.

Rents, comparative, in England and Ireland, 60;

arising from exempted property, to be rated to the extent of half the poundage, 368.

Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on the state of the poor in Ireland, 82 et seq.

—— Специального комитета палаты общин в 1823 году по предоставлению средств для полезного трудоустройства бедных рабочих в Ирландии, 91.

Report of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on education in Ireland, 108 et seq.

——, the first, in 1835, of the Commissioners appointed in 1833 to inquire into the condition of the poorer classes in Ireland, 118 et seq.;

the second, in 1836, 125 et seq.;

the third, in 1836, 131 et seq.

—— Комиссии по расследованию положения бедных, отклонение средств, предложенных ими для облегчения бедствия в Ирландии, 190, 191.

——, the first, of Mr. G. Nicholls on the state of Ireland in 1836, 159;

the second, 196;

the third, 212.

—— of Commissioners for Ireland to be annually laid before parliament, 232.

—— of Commissioners under the Temporary Relief Act, 344.

Residence required to give a claim to relief, 292.

Residents for less than three years, if receiving relief, to be charged to the union, 367.

Resistance to the law, instances of unions offering, 295.

Resolutions submitted by Mr. Pitt for effecting an Union with Ireland, 69;

agreed to, 71.

Returning-officers, instructions to, under the new Poor-Law Act for the first elections, 242.

Revenue, comparative proportions raised by Ireland with that of Great Britain, 147.

Revolution of 1688, the Roman Catholics of Ireland support James II., 10.

Rice, Mr. Spring (now Lord Monteagle), chairman of the select committee of the house of commons in 1823, 91.

Richmond Lunatic Asylum, notice of, 84.

Rick-burning, Act against, temp. Hen. VIII., 19.

Road-making to be undertaken in order to employ the distressed poor in 1822, 80.

Roads in mountainous districts, the formation of recommended as providing employment for the labouring poor, 88.

“Robbery-money,” frauds exercised in order to obtain, 39.

Rogues vagabonds and beggars, act for the punishment of, 28;

who are to be deemed, 29.

Roman Catholic clergy, notice of their opposition to the Kildare Street Society schools, 115;

favourable to the introduction of a system of poor laws, 167;

clergymen in workhouses, salaries to be appointed for, 226.

Roman Catholics of Ireland adhere to the cause of Charles I., 10.

Romans, never extended their conquests to Ireland, 2.

Rome, the supremacy of the see of, not acknowledged by the early Irish, 2.

Royal message to the parliament recommending an Union, 67;

congratulating them on the measure being effected, 71;

assent given to the Irish Poor-Law bill in 1838, 221.

Rumford, Count, attempts of to make pauper establishments self-supporting, failure of, 198.

Russell, Lord John, announcement of the necessity of some government measure respecting the poor of Ireland, 155;

letter of instructions to the author, 157;

speech of on introducing the new Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837, 189;

introduction by of the Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837-8 to the house of commons, 210;

interview of the author with, urging the carrying of the new law into immediate operation, 234;

letter of the author to in 1853, 399 et seq.

Salaries, estimated scale of, for union officers, 209.

—— to be paid to persons employed to seize persons begging without a licence, 54.

Sanitary state of workhouses, 275.

Scale of voting for guardians, 229.

Scholars, found begging, to be punished as vagabonds, 29;

number taught in the various public schools in Ireland in 1827, 109.

School-houses to be built in each of the shire-towns, 25.

Schoolmasters and schoolmistresses, appointed for workhouses, 264.

Schools, supported by Roman Catholics, number of scholars taught at in 1827, 109;

for union children, permission given to provide with land, 332;

number of children attending in 1848, 348.

Scotland and Ireland, difference between as to provision for the poor, 13.

——, alleged success of the system of voluntary contributions for the poor in, 150;

число приходов, облагаемых и не облагаемых налогом в 1855 году, там же, примечание.

Scots, ancient name for the Irish, 2.

Scottish rebellions of 1715 and 1745, the Irish take no part in, 10.

Scrope, G. P., introduction of a bill by for the relief and employment of the poor in Ireland, 154;

resolutions proposed by as to the necessity of providing relief for the Irish poor, 155.

Sea-sand and sea-weed, use of as manure in Donegal, 200.

Sea-service, male foundlings in certain cases to be apprenticed to, 44.

——, guardians in Ireland empowered to apprentice poor boys to, 385.

Seaweed and sand, carried on the backs of the poor for manure, 94.

Second Report of Proceedings in Ireland under the New Poor-Law Act, 245.

Second Annual Report of the Poor Law Commissioners for Ireland in 1849, 349.

Secretaries, enactment for the appointment of, 223.

Security of property, necessary to induce the investment of capital, 208.

Sedan-chairs licensed for the support of Dublin workhouse, 37.

Select Committee of the house of commons in 1819, to inquire into the state of disease, and the condition of the labouring poor in Ireland, report of, 86;

в 1823 году, для содействия применению средств частных лиц и ассоциаций для трудоустройства бедных рабочих на полезном и производительном труде, отчет, 91;

в 1830 году, для рассмотрения состояния беднейших классов в Ирландии и лучших способов улучшения их положения, отчет, 93;

heads of the report, 96;

in 1828, on education in Ireland, report of, 108 et seq.;

resolutions adopted by, 112.

Separate instruction in their religious duties for protestant and Roman Catholic children recommended, 111.

—— Poor Law Commissioners, not necessary, 338.

Servants, drunken, idle, or quitting their employment improperly, to be punished with the stocks or imprisonment, 40;

agricultural, not hired in Ireland, 161.

Settlement, law of, to be dispensed with altogether, 181;

litigation caused by the law of, 193;

не предполагалось включать в новый законопроект об ирландском Законе о бедных, там же;

provision for decided against in the house of commons, 210.

Seventh Report of proceedings in 1845 under the new Poor-Law Act in Ireland, 299 et seq.

Sexes, the separation of, practised in houses of industry, 192.

Sheep, reared in Donegal to pay the rent, 201.

Sickness, inquiry as to why the Irish labouring poor do not make provision for, 122;

prevalence of in 1849, 349.

Single women, enactment making them chargeable with the support of their children, 227.

Sixth Report of proceedings under the new Poor-Law, 291.

Sixth Annual Report of the Poor-Law Commissioners of Ireland, 389.

Skibbereen, resistance to the payment of rates in, 295.

Small holdings, the work required easily performed and therefore constantly neglected, 163;

prevalence of in Donegal, 200.

Social importance of the Irish Poor-Law, 156.

Society, the disordered state of in Ireland a consequence of the want of a well-regulated poor-law, 168.

—— of Friends, amount contributed by to relieve the distress in Ireland occasioned by the potato disease, 321.

Soil of Ireland, peculiarities of, 59.

Southwell and Bingham, encouragement of the workhouse test principle afforded by the example of, 198.

Spain, Gauls or Celtes from, supposed to have peopled Ireland, 1.

Spanish emissaries and troops, disquieting effects of, temp. Eliz., 5.

Speeches of Mr. Pitt on proposing the Union, 68;

on submitting resolutions for, 69, 70.

Speech of Lord John Russell on introducing the new Irish Poor-Law bill in 1837, 189 et seq.

Spenser, the poet, grant of lands to, 5;

his description of Ireland, 5, et seq.;

proposals of for securing the quiet of Ireland, 8.

Stage-coaches licensed for the support of the Dublin Foundling Hospital, 48;

number increased for, 49.

Stamp-duty, exemptions from in poor-law proceedings, 230.

Стэнли, г-н (ныне граф Дерби), письмо к герцогу Ленстеру, объявляющее о создании системы национального образования, 113.

Stanley, Mr., communication from respecting the state of the poor in Ireland, 196 note.

Starvation, near approach to of the population of Donegal, 200.

State of Ireland in 1776-78, 59 et seq.;

various opinions as to, 61.

Statements of numbers relieved and chargeable to be posted weekly on workhouse doors, 369.

Statistical returns, instructions for to the assistant-commissioners, 240.

«Statutes at Large», упоминание о, 13, примечание.

Statutes cited.—

Edw. II. 1310, 13;

Hen. VI. 1440, 13;

Hen. VI. 1447, 15;

Hen. VI. 1450, 14;

Hen. VI. 1457, 15;

Edw. IV. 1465, 16;

Edw. IV. 1472, 16;

10 Hen. VII. cap. 4, Poynings’ Act, 17;

10 Hen. VII. cap. 6, 18;

10 Hen. VII. cap. 17, 18;

13 Hen. VIII. cap. 1, 19;

22 Hen. VIII. cap. 12, 22, 31;

25 Hen. VIII. cap. 1, 19;

28 Hen. VIII. cap. 15, 20;

33 Hen. VIII. cap. 9, 21, 52;

33 Hen. VIII. cap. 15, 22, 30;

11 Eliz. cap. 4, 23;

12 Eliz. cap. 1, 24;

18 Eliz. cap. 3, 31;

43 Eliz., 31;

7 Jas. I. cap. 4, 31;

11 and 12 Jas. I. cap. 5, 26;

10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 4, 27, 52;

10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 15, 32;

10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 16, 34;

10 and 11 Chas. I. cap. 17, 32;

2 Anne, cap. 19, 35, 248;

6 Anne, cap. 11, 38, 101;

2 Geo. I. cap. 17, 40;

9 Geo. II. cap. 25, 42;

11 and 12 Geo. III, cap. 11, 45, 83, 248;

11 and 12 Geo. III. cap. 15, 49;

11 and 12 Geo. III. cap. 30, 23, 51, 101, 104;

13 and 14 Geo. III. cap. 24, 49;

25 Geo. III. cap. 48, 48 note;

45 Geo. III. cap. 111, 73;

46 Geo. III. cap. 95, 74, 104;

49 Geo. III. cap. 101, 75;

51 Geo. III. cap. 101, 76;

54 Geo. III. cap. 112, 76;

57 Geo. III. cap. 106, 78, 103;

58 Geo. III. cap. 47, 76, 102, 104, 144;

59 Geo. III. cap. 44, 78, 144;

3 Geo. IV. caps. 3 and 84, 80;

6 Geo. IV. cap. 102, 81;

7 Geo. IV. cap. 74, 225;

1 and 2 Vict. cap. 56, 222, 398;

2 Vict. cap. 1, 233, 244;

3 and 4 Vict. cap. 29, 268;

6 and 7 Vict. cap. 92, 291;

9 and 10 Vict. cap. 1, 312;

9 and 10 Vict. cap. 22, 311;

9 and 10 Vict. cap. 1, 312;

10 and 11 Vict. cap. 7, 320, 339, 344;

10 and 11 Vict. cap. 22, 319, 339;

10 and 11 Vict. cap. 31, 330, 338, 341, 345;

10 and 11 Vict. cap. 84, 332;

10 and 11 Vict. cap. 90, 333;

11 and 12 Vict. caps. 1 and 2, 311 note;

11 and 12 Vict. cap. 25, 354;

11 and 12 Vict. cap. 47, 354;

12 and 13 Vict. cap. 4, 355, 360;

12 and 13 Vict. cap. 104, 367;

13 and 14 Vict. cap. 14, 374, 380;

14 and 15 Vict. cap. 35, 385;

14 and 15 Vict. cap. 68, 382;

15 and 16 Vict. cap. 16, 381;

15 and 16 Vict. cap. 63, 393;

16 and 17 Vict. cap. 7, 393.

Stirabout, found to be the best form of food for distribution, 318.

Stirpes or septs, heads of, to be answerable for the rest, 24.

Stocks, a punishment for idle, drunken, or dishonest servants, 40;

for begging without a licence, 53.

Stone-breaking, recommended as a test for relief to the able-bodied poor, 342.

Streets, recommendation for the cleaning of, 87.

Strigul or Strongbow, expedition of against Ireland, 3.

Strolling beggars, Act for lodging, 51.

Strongbow, expedition of to Ireland, 1.

Stuarts, the Irish take no part in the movement in their favour in 1715 and 1745, 10.

Subdivision of land, excessive prevalence of in Donegal, 201.

Subdivisions of lands, by lowering the standard of living, productive of fevers, 78.

Sub-letting of land, evils consequent on, 98.

Subscriptions to alleviate the distress in Ireland, 1823, amount of the London, 92;

promoted by government for the relief of Ireland, 357.

Sufferings of the population of Ireland between 1841 and 1851, 12.

‘Suggestions’ by the author in 1836, 129, 130.

Summary of act of 1 and 2 Vict. cap. 56, 222 et seq.;

of the 2 Vict. cap. 1, 233;

of the 6 and 7 Vict. cap. 91, 291;

of the act to make further provision for the destitute poor in Ireland, 330;

of the act to make provision for the punishment of vagrants, &c., 332;

of the act for the execution of the laws for the relief of the poor in Ireland, 334, 335;

of the Rate-in-Aid Act, 355, 356;

of act to amend the previous acts for the relief of the Irish poor, 367;

of an act for the further advance of public money to distressed unions, 374, 375;

of the Medical Charities Act, 382, 383.

Supervisor of rates, appointed in large towns, 279.

Suppression of mendicancy, answer to the objections against the measures for, 206.

Surgeons and physicians for infirmaries and county hospitals, generally provided, 83.

Surveys, new ones to be made where necessary, 228.

Таблица численности лиц в работных домах, количества и уровня смертности в неделю, численности получивших помощь и еженедельной стоимости помощи с 1846 по 1853 год включительно, 404.

Табличный обзор количества союзов, расходов, количества работных домов, числа подопечных и числа получивших помощь в годы с 1840 по 1846 включительно, 323.

Табличная ведомость количества союзов, расходов, числа подопечных, числа получающих внедомовую помощь и общей стоимости с 1847 по 1853 год включительно, 395.

—— statement of average cost of maintenance from 1847 to 1854 both inclusive, 397.

Tally, the use of by the labouring poor in Ireland, 62.

Task-work, adoption of as a test, 313;

inefficiency of, 315.

Tax, levied under the new Poor Law not likely to exceed greatly that now levied by mendicants in Ireland, 192.

Taxes in Ireland, lightness of previous to the Union, 66.

Teachers of schools, recommendation that they be selected without regard to religious distinctions, 111.

Temporary Relief Act, passing of, 316;

provisions of, 317.

Tenants, ejected, deplorable condition of, 99;

disease generated thereby, 100;

пожизненно, предложено уполномочить предоставлять аренду на определенные сроки и обременять собственность для постоянных улучшений, 138, 139.

Tenantry, not able to bear the burden of a rate for the support of the poor, 136.

Thieves, reward for killing or capturing in 1450, 14;

robbers and rebels, act against in 1440, 14.

Third Report of proceedings in Ireland under the new Poor Law act, 259.

Third Annual Report of the Irish Poor Law Commissioners, 364.

Threshing, custom of burning the corn in the straw instead of, 33.

Tillage, inferiority of in Ireland, 60.

Time of election for boards of guardians, enactment for fixing, 223.

Tipperary, peculiar state of as a county palatine, 7;

resistance to the payment of rates in, 235.

Tithe-owners, influence of in passing the act in favour of earth-tillers, 20.

—— composition, plan for purchasing and making the surplus available to the relief of the poor, 146.

Tithes to pay poor-rate, 229.

Townlands, enactment for the union of, 223;

regulation with regard to the boundaries of, 233.

Towns, recommendation of Spenser that they should be built, 9;

increase of and wealth in, 160;

a voluntary poor-law established in the principal of the north of Ireland, 200.

Transition-period, difficulties to be overcome during, 166.

Transportation, act for the punishment of rogues and rapparees by, 89.

Treasurers, guardians, &c. to furnish accounts, 230.

Trevelyan’s (Sir Charles) ‘Irish Crisis,’ notice of, 256, note; 285, note; 307, 311, 314, 319, 320, 328.

Twisleton, Mr., appointed as fourth Commissioner of the Poor Law Board, and sent to Ireland, 309;

appointed chief of the Irish Commission, 338.

Tuam union, neglect of to collect poor-rates, 295;

legal proceedings commenced against, 300;

board of guardians dissolved by the commissioners, 305.

Tyrone, rebellion of, 5.

Ulster, the province of, probably an ecclesiastical formation, 3;

plantation of by James I., 9.

Uncultivated land, the existence of a favourable circumstance for the introduction of a poor-law, 168.

Unemployed labourers in Ireland, number of, 133;

numbers dependent on, 134.

Union agricultural societies, plan for the formation of, 269.

—— of Ireland with England, in 1800, 11, 71.

—— officers, mortality among during the distress in Ireland occasioned by the potato disease, 326;

in Feb. 1848, 345;

in 1849, 353.

Unions, suggested size of in Ireland, 172;

principles to be observed in forming, 178;

answers to the objections to proposed size of in the Report of 1836, 205;

estimated expenses of, 209;

enactment for the formation of by Commissioners, 223;

directions to the assistant commissioners for the formation of, 236, 237;

number of, in 1839, 245;

in 1840, 245;

difficulties in forming, 246;

number of in 1841, 259;

number of declared in 1842, 271;

number of, in which resistance to the payment of rates were made, 295;

unsatisfactory state of the finances of in 1847, 328, 329;

number of, in which no out-relief was given, 343, 352;

numbers of, not giving out-relief in 1850, 366;

там, где образуются новые, комиссары должны принять меры для совместного использования работного дома до тех пор, пока не будет построен новый, 368;

eight new formed in 1850, 373.

United Kingdom of England and Ireland, the assembly of the first parliament of in 1701, 72.

Vaccination, act for extending, 268;

number of unions in which it had been introduced, 280;

extension of in 1845, 300;

сумма, израсходованная на, там же.

Vagabonds, act for the punishment of, 22;

and beggars to be kept separate in bridewells from the children, 46.

Vagrancy, recommendation for an amendment of the laws relating to, 100;

clauses in the Poor Law Bill of 1837, postponement of, 195.

Vagrants and vagabonds, to be sent to houses of industry and kept to hard labour, 55;

рекомендация отправлять их в качестве свободных рабочих в какую-либо британскую колонию, и чтобы они больше не подлежали наказанию ссылкой, 143.

Valuation of lands and houses recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry, 141.

Valuations, new, to be made where necessary, 228;

and ratings, instructions for, 244;

progress made with, 265;

difficulties arising from the form adopted, 289;

not to be increased in consequence of improvements, for seven years, 368;

number of unions in which they had been completed, 278;

возражение против правильности, там же.

Valuators, enactment appointing, 291.

Victoria, Queen, subscription of for the relief of the poor in Ireland, 357.

Visiting committee of Dublin work-houses directed to report on their state, 261.

Voght, Baron de, attempt of to make pauper establishments self-supporting, 198.

Voluntary charity, institutions supported by, 105.

—— associations for the relief of the poor, recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry, 145;

rules to be framed for, 146.

—— system of relief, reasons against recommending by some of the Commissioners of Inquiry, 147;

reasons for, 149.

Votes, scale of according to property, in the election for guardians, 179, 229.

—— doubtful, for guardians, may be refused by the returning officer, 293.

Voting papers for guardians, improper interference with, 266;

penalty for destroying or defacing, 293.

Wages, act for the regulation of, 21;

impolicy of, 22;

of agricultural labourers in Ireland, rate of, 62;

average rates of in 1836, 131.

Wanderers, idle, act against, 34.

Wardens, enactment for the appointment of in townlands and parishes, 226.

Wards in workhouses appropriated to pauper lunatics, 286.

——, towns with 10,000 inhabitants may be divided into, for the purpose of electing guardians, 233.

Wars, private, not to be made without consent of the governor, 18.

Waste lands in Ireland, quantities of, 89.

Waterford, resistance to the payment of rates in, 235.

Wealth and distress may be concurrent in a country, 97.

Wellington, duke of, support given by to Irish Poor Law bill, 219, 220.

West of Ireland, portion taken by the author in his First Report, 159;

severe distress in during 1839, 256;

сумма государственной помощи, там же, примечание.

Western unions, total destitution of in 1849, 358.

Wexford, stormed by Cromwell, 10.

Пшеница, средняя цена в Марк-Лейн в ноябре 1853, 1854 и 1855 годов, 17, примечание.

Whipping, a punishment for begging without a licence, 53.

Widows, helpless, mendicity-houses and almshouses recommended for, 145;

enactment making them chargeable with the support of their children, 227.

Wild herbs, used as sustenance by the distressed poor, 132.

Wilkinson, Mr., engaged as architect for the Irish workhouses, 243 note.

William the Conqueror, design of for bringing Ireland under subjection, 3.

William the Third opposed by the Roman Catholics of Ireland, 10.

William IV., death of, 195.

Witnesses, Commissioners empowered to summon, 334.

Wool, act against the pulling from living sheep, 32.

Work to be provided for the destitute poor in workhouses, 225.

Workhouse, act for erecting one in Dublin in 1703, 35;

regulations for the government of, 36;

rate to be levied for the support of, 37.

—— relief, advantages and disadvantages, as regards Ireland, 134;

not recommended by the Commissioners of Inquiry, 135.

Workhouse system recommended for Ireland by G. C. Lewis, 152.

—— masters in London, testimony of as to the characters and habits of Irish poor, 158.

—— system of England, doubts whether practicable in Ireland, 169;

assurance arrived at that it is, 170;

сомнения в том, подходит ли для проверки на крайнюю бедность, там же;

assurance arrived at that it would be more so in Ireland than in England, 171;

expense occasioned by adopting not likely to be inordinately large, 172.

—— officers, estimated expenses of salaries for, 209;

dietaries, order for, 252;

employment, nature of, 274.

—— expenditure in the years 1842 to 1846, 323;

in 1847, 329, 345;

in 1848, 363;

in 1849, 366, 371;

in 1850, 376;

in 1851, 387;

in 1852, 394;

в 1853 году, там же.

—— accommodation, extreme pressure upon, occasioned by the potato disease, 324;

necessity for an increase of in 1847, 342, 343;

auxiliary establishments provided in 1849, 352;

amount expended in procuring increased, 366;

extent of, from 1847 to 1851, 377.

—— hospitals, insufficiency of during the prevalence of the potato disease, 325.

—— mortality, greatly increased ratio of during the distress of 1846-7, 326.

Workhouses to be provided in each county, 53;

recommendation that houses of industry should be made available for, 186;

estimated expenses of constructing, 209;

architect engaged to erect, 243;

number of provided in 1840, 245;

in 1841, 260;

number of in operation in 1842, 271;

cost of up to 1842, 273;

sanitary state of, 275;

number in operation in 1843, 282;

inspection of by the author in 1842, 284;

amount of government loans for the erection of in 1845, 302.

Works, useful, recommended as a means of employing the distressed poor in Ireland, 100.

Young, Arthur, his account of the state of Ireland in 1776-78, 59 et seq.

LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES & SONS, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS.

Footnotes

1. См. «Liber Munerum publicorum Hibernie», первую и последующие главы об учреждениях Ирландии, дополнение к Истории Англии, Роули Ласселлса из Миддл-Темпл, напечатанное по распоряжению в 1824 году. Эта работа была главным источником для исторических справок. Она свидетельствует о глубоком исследовании и во всех отношениях заслуживает большого доверия при противоречивых свидетельствах относительно ранних событий ирландской истории.

2. См. «Справочник по архитектуре», недавнюю публикацию, в которой изобретательный автор поддерживает этот вывод, показывая сходство религиозных зданий, возведенных на Востоке и в Ирландии, которые в обоих случаях существенно отличаются от того, что можно увидеть в Италии и других странах Европы.

3. Говорят, что за десять лет Ирландия стоила Елизавете огромной суммы в 3 400 000 фунтов стерлингов. См. «История английского Закона о бедных», том I, стр. 205.

4. См. «Взгляд на состояние Ирландии» Спенсера, написанный в 1596 году, том VIII его сочинений, напечатанный в восьмую долю листа в 1805 году.

5. Эти данные взяты из отчетов переписи населения соответствующих периодов.

6. Приводимые далее цитаты взяты из «Statutes at Large, passed in the Parliament held in Ireland» — опубликованных по распоряжению в тринадцати томах фолио в 1786 году.

7. То есть каждый город в пределах Английского Пейла.

8. Средняя цена пшеницы в Марк-Лейн за неделю, закончившуюся 10 ноября, составляла 83 шиллинга 8 пенсов за квартер. За неделю, закончившуюся 15 ноября 1851 года, цена за квартер составляла 36 шиллингов 4 пенса; а за неделю, закончившуюся 13 ноября 1852 года, цена за квартер составляла 39 шиллингов 11 пенсов.

9. Назван так в честь сэра Эдварда Пойнингса, который был лордом-депутатом в Ирландии в течение большей части правления Генриха и в начале правления его преемника. Лорд-депутат описывается как «активный бич всех мятежников», и позже о нем говорили, что «он мог назвать всю Ирландию своей». См. Liber Munerum, книга II, гл. 1. Г-н Ласселлс указывает 1494 год как год принятия этого Закона. В Statutes at Large он датирован 1495 годом.

10. См. «История английского Закона о бедных», том I, страницы 100 и 110. 11-й год Генриха VII, гл. 2, и 6-й год Генриха VIII, гл. 3.

11. См. далее, стр. 51.

12. Ранее, стр. 22.

13. See ‘History of the English Poor Law,’ vol. i. pp. 115, 171, 233 and 234.

14. Параллель «ощипыванию шерсти с живых овец» можно и сейчас наблюдать по всей западной Ирландии в ощипывании перьев с живых гусей — процесс, который должен сопровождаться сильной болью и под жестоким воздействием которого многие бедные гуси погибают.

15. См. ранее, стр. 7.

16. Ранее, стр. 6.

17. See ‘History of the English Poor Law,’ vol. i. pp. 302, 372, 373 and 385.

18. Ранее, стр. 24.

19. Ранее, стр. 34.

20. Ранее, стр. 35.

21. См. «История английского Закона о бедных», том I, стр. 183.

22. Это ограничение было впоследствии отменено 25-м годом Георга III, гл. 48, который разрешил отдавать детей в ученики на любой срок, при условии, что он не превышает возраста 21 года для мужчин и 18 лет для женщин.

23. Ранее, стр. 22 и 28.

24. Ранее, стр. 25.

25. См. «Путешествие по Ирландии» Артура Янга в 1776-77-78 годах, доведенное до 1779 года. 2 тома, 8vo. Опубликовано в 1780 году.

26. См. 10-й и 11-й годы Карла I, гл. 15 и 17, ранее, стр. 32.

27. См. таблицу на страницах 11 и 12 ранее.

28. См. Британский статут 39-го и 40-го годов Георга III, гл. 67, и Ирландский статут 40-го года Георга III, гл. 38.

29. Ранее, стр. 51.

30. Ранее, стр. 79.

31. Ранее, стр. 45.

32. Субсидии предоставлялись ежегодно, и эти годы выбраны как указывающие среднюю сумму. Все это взято из отчета, представленного парламенту в 1828 году, и из «Истории Дублина» Уорбертона, Уитлоу и Уолша, опубликованной в 1818 году.

33. Ранее, стр. 35 и 45.

34. «Каждый ребенок, представленный у ворот или помещенный в колыбель, немедленно принимался и доставлялся в детские ясли лицом, назначенным для этой цели». См. «Историю Дублина» Уорбертона, Уитлоу и Уолша.

35. См. Парламентский отчет № 2, приказанный к печати 21 марта 1828 года.

36. Ранее, стр. 76.

37. Г-н Спринг Райс, ныне лорд Монтигл, был председателем этого комитета.

38. Ранее, стр. 80.

39. См. таблицу, ранее, стр. 11 и 12.

40. Г-н Спринг Райс (ныне лорд Монтигл) также был председателем этого комитета.

41. Д-р Дойл, римско-католический епископ Килдэра и Лилина, чьи показания заслуживают величайшего внимания по этому и любому другому вопросу, связанному с состоянием Ирландии.

42. Ранее, стр. 38.

43. Ранее, стр. 51.

44. В каждом графстве была больница, за исключением Уотерфорда, где особые положения местного Закона препятствовали ее строительству.

45. А именно: 5-й год Георга III, гл. 20; 45-й год Георга III, гл. 111; и 47-й год Георга III, гл. 50.

46. Ранее, стр. 77.

47. Ранее, стр. 78 и 86.

48. Ранее, стр. 73. Глава по ошибке указана в Отчете как 91.

49. Председателем этого комитета был г-н Веси Фицджеральд.

50. Ранее, стр. 79.

51. Ante, pp. 51, 74, and 77.

52. Д-р Дойл в своих показаниях перед комитетом заявил, что бедные поддерживались почти исключительно средними классами; и что «хотя они составляют класс не слишком многочисленный и подверженный большому давлению, все же из полутора или двух миллионов, ныне расходуемых на поддержку ирландских бедных, почти вся сумма ложится на фермеров и другие трудолюбивые классы».

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