Gulf Coast region, lignite, 118
petroleum, 132, 135, 137
salt, 298
sulphur, 110
См. также Луизиана, Техас и т. д.
Gypsum, 100, 283-285, 397
Haas, Frank, 367, 369
"Head" of underground water, 71-73
Heikes, V. C., Butler, B. S., and Loughlin, G. F., 44, 55, 230
Highway building, application of geology to, 90-91
Holland, cement, 87
commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
См. также Голландская Ост-Индия и т. д.
Homestake Mine, South Dakota, gold ores, 229
Hones, 269
Hoover, Herbert C., 322
Hot springs, relation to ore-deposits, 40, 258-259
Hot waters, evidence of formation of ores by, 37-41
Huancavelica district, Peru, mercury ores, 258
Hudson River, physiographic problems in tunneling under, 415
Hudson's Bay, possible diamond field, 317
Humus, 94
Hunan Province, China, antimony ores, 249
Hungary, antimony, 247
natural gas, 151
См. также Австро-Венгрия.
Hydrosphere, 18
Hypogene ores, use of term, 32-33
Idaho, coal, 117
lead, 39, 45, 209, 211, 212-213
monazite, 289
phosphates, 105
silver, 234
zinc, 214, 216
Idria, Austria-Hungary, mercury ores, 257
Igneous after-effects, ore-deposits formed as, 19-20, 36-46
Igneous rocks, formation of, 19
mineral deposits associated with, 19-20, 34-46
principal minerals of, 14-16
proportions of principal types, 17
relative abundance of, 17
weathering of, 20
Illinois, clay, 85
coal, 115, 117, 126
fluorspar, 194
limestone, 83
petroleum, 132, 133, 135
pyrite, 109
sand and gravel, 85
tripoli and rottenstone, 269
zinc, 216
Illinois Geological Survey, coöperative exploration for oil, 147, 306
Income tax, application to mineral properties, 336-339
India, bauxite, 242
India, bromine, 277
chromite, 178-179
coal, 115, 116
corundum, 268
diamond dust, 268
gypsum, 283
iron, 154, 164, 165
manganese, 174-176
mica, 286
monazite, 288, 289
petroleum, 128, 129
platinum, 238
salt, 294
zirconium, 189
Indiana, coal, 117, 126
hones, oilstones and whetstones, 269
limestones, 83
petroleum, 133, 135
Interest rate, as a guide in conservation, 364
choice of for valuation purposes, 233
limiting effect on acquirement of reserves, 334
International aspects of mineral resources, 2, 383-404
International Coal Commission, 387, 393, 402
International trade, in common rocks, 80
in minerals, 383-388
participation of governments, 388-390
Intrusive rocks, formation of, 19
Iowa, flint linings, 269
grinding pebbles, 268
gypsum, 284
zinc, 216
Ireland, bauxite, 242
Iron and coal, situation of western Europe under terms of Peace Treaty, 400-403
Iron and steel, metallurgical processes, 158-159
Iron and steel industry, possible establishment on west coast of United States, 155, 165
Iron cap, of sulphide deposits, 47, 109, 313
Iron ores, anti-conservational effect of war, 365
attempt to estimate reserves of continents, 322
exploration of in Lake Superior region, 323-326
general geologic and economic features, 8-9, 28, 34, 36, 47, 50, 52-53, 55-56, 58, 96, 153-156, 158-173, 397
litigation concerning Cuban, 349
metallogenic provinces and epochs, 308-309
outcrops, 312-313
taxation of in Lake Superior region, 335
use of magnetic surveys, 317-318
world reserves, 162-165, 360-361
Itabirite, 167
Italy, asbestos, 271, 272
asphalt and bitumen, 152
barite, 272
bauxite, 242
borax, 275
cement, 87
graphite, 280
manganese, 176
marble, 83
mercury, 256-257
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 128
pumice, 268
salt, 294
sulphur, 109-110
talc, 299
zinc, 214-215
Italy, coal situation under Peace Treaty, 401
commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
relative position in regard to supplies of minerals, 399
Japan, arsenic, 250
cement, 87
chromite, 178-179
coal, 115, 117
copper, 197-198
gold, 222
graphite, 280
iron, 154, 160
manganese, 174
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 128
silver, 232
sulphur, 109-110
tungsten, 183, 185
zinc, 214
Japan, control of various minerals in other countries, 64, 105, 154, 247
Jasper, 167
Java, manganese, 176
Jerome, Arizona, copper ores, 41, 47, 198, 204-205, 314
Joachimsthal, Bohemia, uranium and radium ores, 265
Joint Mineral Information Board, 406
Joplin district, Missouri, cadmium, 254
lead and zinc ores, 54-55, 209, 211, 214, 215, 216-219
Juneau, Alaska, gold ores, 229
Kansas, gypsite, 284
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 132, 133, 135
salt, 294
zinc, 215
Kaolin, 85, 398
Katamorphism, defined, 27, 57
Katanga, Belgian Congo, cobalt, 255
copper ores, 205
Kennecott, Alaska, copper ores, 36, 41, 47, 49, 200-201
Kentucky, asphalt and bitumen, 152, 153
coal, 117
fluorspar, 194
marble, 83
petroleum, 133
sandstone, 84
Kimberley, South Africa, diamonds, 291-292
Knox dolomite, Tennessee, zinc ores, 219
Korea, gold, 222
graphite, 280, 282
iron, 160
molybdenum, 186
tungsten, 183
Lacroix, Morris F., and Brooks, Alfred H., 404
Lake Superior copper ores, 36, 52, 200, 206
Lake Superior copper, silver, gold ores, occurrence in a metallogenic province, 308
Lake Superior iron ores, 8, 47, 55-56, 160, 162, 163, 167-170, 309, 312-313
Lake Superior region, iron ore exploration in, 317-318, 323-326
Land grants in United States, retarding effect on exploration, 349
"Land-plaster", 100
Laterites, 172-173
Laws relating to mineral resources, 342-358
Lawton region, Pennsylvania, coal, 117
Lead and zinc, Wisconsin, equated income method of taxation, 335-336
Lead ores, 36-50, 54-55, 209-213, 307, 308, 313-314, 361, 397
Leadville, Colorado, bismuth, 253
lead and zinc ores, 212, 216, 219-220
Leasing law, on public lands in western United States, 348
Leith, C. K., 323
Leith, C. K., and Mead, W. J., 45
Leith, C. K., and Van Hise, C. R., 56, 324
Lesher, C. E., and Smith, George Otis, 371, 372, 373, 375
Lignite, 118, 120, 122, 124
German development of, 379, 402
Lime, 82, 99-100, 397
Limestone, 15, 17, 23, 82-83, 89-90, 91
Lincolnshire district, England, iron ores, 161
Lindgren, W., 43
Lipari Islands, Italy, pumice, 268
Lithosphere, principal elements of, 13
principal minerals of, 14-16
principal rocks of, 16-17
Litigation, use of geologists in, 349-355, 357-358
Lode, application of legal term to diverse mineral deposits, 350
Long-wall system of coal mining, conservational aspect, 368
subsidence of overlying ground and resulting litigation, 357, 417
Longwy, France, iron ores, 161
Lorraine, iron ores, 52-53, 161-162, 163, 166, 364, 402-403
phosphate from Thomas slag, 104
Loughlin, G. F., Butler, B. S., and Heikes, V. C., 44, 55, 230
Louisiana, natural gas, 151
petroleum, 132, 133, 135
salt, 298
sulphur, 110
Lower California, copper, 201
magnesite, 191-192
Luxemburg, coal situation under Peace Treaty, 401
iron ores, 160-162, 163
См. также по Лотарингии, железные руды
Madagascar, corundum, 268
graphite, 280-282
Magmatic segregation, mineral deposits thus formed, 34-35, 59
Magmatic waters, evidence of formation of ores by, 37-41
Magnesite, 191-193, 397
Magnetic surveys in tracing mineral ledges, 317-318
Magnetite deposits, 34, 171, 191, 317-318
Maine, feldspar, 86
granite, 82
tourmaline, 293
Malay States, tin, 260-261
tungsten, 183
Manchuria, iron, 160
Mandatory countries, exploitation of minerals in, 390-391
Manganese ores, 47, 55, 173-178, 314, 386, 398
Mansfield shales, Germany, copper ores, 9, 52, 206
Mantle rock, 22
Mapimi, Mexico, arsenic production, 250
Marble, 83, 89-90
Marbut, Curtis F., 95
Marl, 83
Marquette district, Michigan, iron ore outcrops, 312
Maryland, diatomaceous earth, 269
serpentine, 83
Marysville, Utah, alunite deposits, 114
Mashing, 25-26
Massachusetts, granite, 82
serpentine, 83
McCoy, A. W., 142
Mead, Daniel W., 69, 77-78
Mead, W. J., 245
Mead, W. J., and Leith, C. K., 45
Mehl, M. G., 144
Menominee district, Michigan, iron ore outcrops, 312
Mercury ores, 40, 255-260, 398
Mesabi district, Minnesota, concentration of siliceous iron ores, 156
exploration for iron ores, 313, 318, 324, 325
Mesopotamia, petroleum, 128-130, 137, 391
Mesothorium, 288
Metallogenic provinces and epochs, 308-309
Metamorphic cycle and its relation to classification of mineral deposits, 27-28
"Metamorphic rocks," defined, 27
Metamorphism, relation to economic geology, 10
use of principles of in exploration for mineral deposits, 319-320
См. также Катаморфизм, Анаморфизм, Контактовый метаморфизм, Динамический метаморфизм, Выветривание и т. д.
Metasomatic replacement, 24
Metcalf-Morenci district, Arizona, copper ores, 38, 198
Meteoric waters, influence of in deposition of ore deposits, 25, 41-42
Mexico, antimony, 247-248
arsenic, 250
cement, 87
copper, 197-198, 201, 203
gold, 222
graphite, 280-282, 283
lead, 210-211
magnesite, 191-192
mercury, 256, 258
molybdenum, 186
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 128, 129, 137, 144
silver, 231-232, 233
vanadium, 188
zinc, 214-215
Mexico, commercial and political control of various minerals, 64
Miami, Arizona, copper ores, 33, 47, 48, 198, 203, 208
Mica, 285-288, 398
Michigan, bromine, 277
copper, 199
grindstones and pulpstones, 269
gypsum, 284
железо. См. Железные руды озера Верхнее, район Гогибик и т. д.
limestone, 83
salt, 294, 297
Michigan, taxation of iron ores, 335
Midcontinent field, petroleum, 132, 135, 137, 141, 146
Military geology, preparation of textbook, 407
Military operations, relation of ground-waters to, 78-79
Millstones, 269
Minas Geraes, Brazil, iron ores, 52-53, 162, 165, 167, 313
Mineral deposits, classification and general features of origin, 27-59
exploration and development, 301-327
origin as a factor in economic problems, 29-31, 322-323
outcrops, 311-317
secondary concentration, 46-50, 54-57
См. также по Железным рудам, Медным рудам и т. д.
zonal arrangement, 42-45
Mineral industry, basis for popular interest in, 328
"social surplus" of, 330
Mineral lands, classification, 309-311
Mineral paints, relative position of United States, 397
Mineral provinces and epochs, 308-309
Mineral resources, conservation, 359-382
general quantitative considerations, 60-66
international aspects, 383-404
laws relating to, 342-358
nationalization, 345-347, 375-376, 377-378, 382
political and commercial control, 65
relative position of the United States in regard to supplies, 396-400
valuation and taxation, 328-341
world movement, 383-388
world reserves, 65-66
Mineralogy, relation to economic geology, 3
"Minette" iron ores, 158, 161, 166
Mining law, 342-358
Mining methods, control of by government or owners in interests of conservation, 355
Minnesota, granite, 82
железо. См. Железные руды озера Верхнее, район Месаби и т. д.
manganese, 175, 177
Minnesota, taxation of iron ores, 335
Mississippi Valley, cadmium, 254
lead and zinc ores, 54-55, 108, 211-212, 214, 215-219, 308, 313
Missouri, barite, 273-274
cadmium, 254
lead, 209, 211
silica for refractories, 195
tripoli and rottenstone, 269
zinc, 214, 215, 217-218
Molybdenum ores, 185-187, 397
Monazite, 288-289, 398
Montana, arsenic, 250-251
copper, 40, 42, 47, 49, 198-199, 201-203, 207, 208
gold, 222
graphite, 281, 283
manganese, 175, 176-177
petroleum, 133
phosphates, 105
sapphires, 293
silver, 42, 234, 237, 314
zinc, 42, 216, 219
Monte Amiata district, Italy, mercury ores, 257
Morenci-Metcalf district, Arizona, copper ores, 38, 198
Mother Lode district, California, gold ores, 229, 308, 316
Munitions Resources Commission of Canada, 404
Nancy, France, iron ores, 161
National Academy of Sciences, 407
National Conservation Commission, 367
National district, Nevada, antimony ores, 249
Nationalization of mineral resources 345-347, 375-376, 377-378, 382, 388
Natural abrasives, 267-270, 397
Natural gas, 57, 151
Nebraska, potash, 112, 114
Нидерланды. См. Голландия, Голландская Ост-Индия и т. д.
Nevada, alunite, 39, 41-42, 114
antimony, 247, 249
bismuth, 253
borax, 275, 276
copper, 41, 199, 203
diatomaceous earth, 269
gold, 36, 222, 230, 308, 311-312
graphite, 281
grinding pebbles, 268
mercury, 357
oil shales, 151
platinum, 239-240
silver, 36, 38, 234, 235-237, 308, 311-312
tungsten, 183
turquoise, 293
zinc, 216
New Almaden, California, mercury ores, 259
New Brunswick, gypsum, 283-284
New Caledonia, chromite, 178-179 nickel, 180-182
New Cornelia, Arizona, copper ores, 203
Newfoundland, iron ores, 52-53, 160, 166
laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 344
New Hampshire, fluorspar, 194
garnet, 268
mica, 287
New Idria, California, mercury ores, 259
New Jersey, arsenic, 250
basalt, 82
clay, 85
iron, 171
sand and gravel, 85
zinc, 215, 220
New Mexico, copper, 199, 203
fluorspar, 194
silver, 234
uranium and radium, 265-266
zinc, 216
New South Wales, Australia, bismuth, 252-253
coal, 115, 116
lead, 209, 210, 212
platinum, 238
zinc, 214, 216
New York, arsenic, 250, 251
emery, 268, 270
garnet, 268
graphite, 281, 282
gypsum, 284
iron, 160, 162, 163, 171
limestone, 83
millstones and buhrstones, 269
petroleum, 132, 133
pyrite, 108
salt, 294, 297
sandstone, 84
talc, 299
New Zealand, bismuth, 252
phosphates, 105
platinum, 238
tungsten, 183
New Zealand, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 343
Nickel ores, 34-35, 180-182, 307, 308, 318, 398
Nitrates, 99-100, 101-104, 386, 392, 398
Nonesuch beds, Michigan, copper ores, 52, 206
North Africa, iron, 156, 160, 161, 164
lead, 210
phosphates, 104, 105, 106
potash, 112
zinc, 214-215
North Carolina, coal, 117
corundum, 268, 270
emeralds, 293
feldspar, 86
garnet, 268
granite, 82
mica, 287
monazite, 288, 289
rubies, 292
sand and gravel, 85
sapphires, 293
Northern Plains, coal, 118
Norway, copper, 197-198
molybdenum, 186
nickel, 180
titanium, 190
zinc, 214
См. также Скандинавия.
Nova Scotia, gypsum, 283-284
saddle-reef gold ores, 41
Oceania, mercury, 258
phosphates, 105, 106
tin, 261
Ohio, bromine, 277
clay, 85
coal, 117
grindstones and pulpstones, 269
gypsum, 284
hones, oilstones and whetstones, 269
limestone, 83
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 133
salt, 294
sand and gravel, 85
sandstone, 84
Нефть. См. Петролеум.
Oil shales, 56, 139, 150-151
Oilstones, 269
Oklahoma, asphalt, and bitumen, 152
gypsum, 284
lead, 211
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 132, 133, 135
tripoli and rottenstone, 269
zinc, 215
Ontario, Canada, arsenic, 251
cobalt, 255
corundum, 270
mica, 286
nickel, 34-35, 180-182, 308, 312, 318
platinum, 238, 239
silver, 232, 234-235, 308, 316
talc, 299, 300
Ontario, Canada, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 344
Onyx marble, 83
Open-hearth process of steel making, 158-159
Рудные месторождения. См. Месторождения полезных ископаемых.
Oregon, borax, 275, 276
chromite, 179
mercury, 257
Origin of mineral deposits, as a factor in economic problems, 29-31, 322-323
Outcrops of mineral deposits, 311-316
Ownership laws, effect on exploration of mineral deposits, 347-349
relation of geology to, 349-355
Oxide zones, 22, 46-50, 313-314
См. также по Медным рудам, Серебряным рудам и т. д.
Pablo Beach, Florida, titanium ores, 190-191
zirconium ores, 189
Pacific coast, possible establishment of iron and steel industry, 155, 165
Pacific coast province, coal, 117
Palegeography, relation to economic geology, 4
Paleontology, relation to economic geology, 4
Palestine campaign, use of geologic data, 409
Panama, manganese, 176
Panama Canal, slides, 416-417
Parker, E. W., and Campbell, M. R., 367, 370-371
Peace Conference, use of geologists in advisory capacity, 356, 406
Peace Treaty, coal and iron situation of western Europe under terms of, 117, 400-403
effect of terms on valuation problems, 335
Silesian lead and zinc ores, 210, 214
Pearls, 289-292
Peat, formation of, 123-124
Pegmatites, 19-20, 35, 39
Peneplains, formation of, 6
Pennsylvania, basalt, 82
clay, 85
coal, 115, 117, 126
flint linings, 269
graphite, 281
iron, 171
limestone, 83
natural gas, 151
petroleum, 133
sand and gravel, 85
sandstone, 84
serpentine, 83
silica for refractories, 195
slate, 85
Persia, petroleum 128-130, 137, 391
Peru, bismuth, 252
borax, 275
coal, 116
copper, 197-198
mercury, 258
molybdenum, 186
nitrates, 103
petroleum, 128, 137
phosphates, 106
silver, 232
tungsten, 183
vanadium, 187, 188
Petroleum, 57, 127-150, 307, 310, 386, 396, 398
Petroliferous provinces, 149, 308
Petrology, relation to economic geology, 3
Philipsburg, Montana, manganese and silver ores, 37, 175, 176-177, 237
Phosphates, 99-100, 104-107, 397
Physiography, general discussion and relations to economic geology, 6-10
См. также Топография.
Physiography, relation to bridge building, 413
relation to Hudson River tunnels, 415
relation to railway construction, 418
relation to river and harbor improvements, 414
Pisolites, 172
Пек. См. Асфальт.
Pittman Silver Act, 233
Placers, formation of, 51
gold deposits in, 227
См. также Монацит, Платина, Олово, Вольфрам и другие минералы.
use in tracing mineral outcrops, 316-317
Plasticity of clay, 92
Platinum ores, 51, 237-240, 386, 398
Плюмбаго. См. Графит.
Pogue, Joseph E., 100
Pogue, Joseph E., and Gilbert, Chester G., 119, 134, 138
Poland, lead and zinc, 210, 214
Political and commercial control of mineral resources, 65, 387-388
См. также по отдельным ресурсам.
Porosity of rocks, 69, 141
Porphyry copper ores, 197, 199, 203
Портландцемент. См. Цемент.
Portugal, arsenic, 250
copper, 197-198, 204
pyrite, 107-108
salt, 294
tungsten, 183
Potash, 86, 99-100, 111-114, 386, 398
Precious stones, 289-293, 398
Primary ore deposits, use of term, 32
Primary ores, relation to depth, 49
Propylitic alteration, 39, 236
Protore, use of term, 33, 48
"Proximate" analyses of coal, 120
Public domain, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources on, 343-344
Pulpstones, 269
Pumice, 267, 268, 270, 398
Пуццолановый цемент. См. Цемент.
Pyrite, 100, 107-109, 307, 386, 397
Pyrophyllite, 299
Quartz, as geologic thermometer, 38
geologic occurrence, 16, 38-39, 43, 45, 47, 168-169, 196
production and use, 84, 267, 269
Quartzite, 84, 91
Quebec, Canada, asbestos, 270-272
magnesite, 193
mica, 286
Quebec, laws relating to ownership of mineral resources, 344
Queensland, Australia, arsenic, 250
Ртутные руды. См. Ртутные руды.
Radium ores, 55, 263-266, 397
Railway construction, application of geology to, 417-418
Rambler, Wyoming, occurrence of platinum, 239
Ransome, F. L., 33, 208, 230
Ray, Arizona, copper ores, 33, 47, 48, 198, 203, 208
"Red Beds" copper ores, 9, 206
Registration, public, of drilling records, 305-306
Regulus, 247
Reparations Committee, 387, 393, 402
Replacement, metasomatic, 24
Reserves of mineral resources, 65-66, 359-363, 393-395
См. также по отдельным ресурсам.
"Resource cost" of coal, reduction of in interests of conservation, 334, 375
Rhode Island, coal, 117
graphite, 281
Rhodesia, asbestos, 272
chromite, 178-179
Ries, H., and Watson, T. L., 413
Rio Tinto, Spain, copper ores, 204
pyrite, 108
Road building, application of geology to, 90-91, 418
"Rock flour," defined, 95
Rock slides, 78, 415-417
Rocks, common, as mineral resources, 80-84
Rocky Mountain region, coal, 117
petroleum, 132, 135
Room-and-pillar system of coal mining, modification for conservational purposes, 368-369