Mr. Cobbett. This essay appeared in Table Talk (Vol. I., 1821) and was republished in a small volume in 1835, the year of Cobbett’s death. Cf. a passage on Cobbett in the Examiner printed in notes to the Round Table, Vol. I. p. 424.
Cribb. See ante, note to p. 223.
‘Fillips the ear,’ etc. Henry IV., Part II., Act I. Scene 2.
‘Lays waste’ a city orator, etc. The reference is probably to an attack on Robert Waithman in the Political Register. (See Political Works, IV. 319 and V. 298.) Waithman was member for the City of London from 1816 till 1820, and from 1826 till his death in 1833. See ante, p. 282, and post, note to p. 366.
335. ‘Damnable iteration.’ Henry IV., Part I., Act I. Scene 2.
336. Nunquam sufflaminandus erat. ‘Itaque D. Augustus optime dixit, Aterius noster sufflaminandus est.’ M. Annaeus Seneca, Controversiae, 4, praef. § 7. The saying is quoted by Ben Jonson (Timber, LXIV.).
‘Weary, stale,’ etc. Hamlet, Act I. Scene 2.
337. Barmecide. Arabian Nights, The Barber’s Story of his Sixth Brother.
‘Live in his description.’ A reminiscence, perhaps of the line in Pope’s Dunciad (I. 69), ‘But liv’d in Settle’s numbers one day more.’
Mr. ——. Probably Brougham. See Political Works, V. 145 et seq.
His Grammar. ‘A Grammar of the English Language, in a Series of Letters’ (1818).
Like Giant Despair. ‘So, when he arose, he getteth him a grievous crab-tree cudgel.... Then he falls upon them, and beats them fearfully, in such sort, that they were not able to help themselves, or to turn them upon the floor.’ Pilgrim’s Progress, Part I.
338. The Yanguesian carriers. Don Quixote, Part I., Book III. Chap. xv.
‘He has the back-trick,’ etc. Twelfth Night, Act I. Scene 3.
‘Arrowy sleet.’
‘——and flying behind them shot
Sharp sleet of arrowy showers against the face
Of their pursuers.’
Paradise Regained, III. 323–5.
An Ishmaelite indeed. Cf. ‘Behold an Israelite indeed,’ etc. St. John, i. 47. Hazlitt has in mind the description (Genesis, xvi. 12) of Ishmael: ‘And he will be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, and every man’s hand against him; and he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren.’
340. The two-penny trash. Set Political Register, August 1817 (Political Works, V. 236).
‘Till a Bill passed the House,’ etc. Cobbett’s Political Register had evaded the stamp duty until 1819, when it was rendered liable to duty by the fifth of the famous Six Acts passed in that year.
‘Ample scope,’ etc. ‘Give ample room, and verge enough.’ Gray, The Bard, II. 1.
341. ‘He pours out,’ etc. Pope, Imitations of Horace, Sat. I. 51–2.
Antipholis of Ephesus, etc. See The Comedy of Errors, Act V. Scene 1.
The relics of Mr. Thomas Paine, etc. When Cobbett returned to England from America in 1819 he brought Paine’s bones to Liverpool and left them there. After Cobbett’s death they were seized as part of the property of Paine’s son who became a bankrupt.
‘His canonized bones.’ Hamlet, Act I. Scene 4.
342. The Edinburgh Review, etc. In an article by Jeffrey, July 1807, Vol. X. 386. The reply of Cobbett referred to by Hazlitt appeared in the Political Register, August 1807. Political Works, II. 294.
343. The Pleasures of Memory. By Rogers, published in 1792.
The Pleasures of Hope. By Campbell, published in 1799.
344. We should dread to point out, etc. Scott said to Washington Irving (Lockhart, IV. 93): ‘The fact is, Campbell is, in a manner, a bugbear to himself. The brightness of his early success is a detriment to all his further efforts. He is afraid of the shadow that his own fame casts before him.’
‘Snatches a grace,’ etc. Pope, Essay on Criticism, 155.
‘Yet sweeter,’ etc. Winter’s Tale, Act. IV. Scene 4.
345. ‘And by the vision,’ etc. Wordsworth’s Ode, Intimations of Immortality, 73–4.
Gertrude of Wyoming. Published in 1809.
‘A loved bequest,’ etc. Part I. Stanzas 11–13.
346. ‘Famous poet’s page.’ Cf. ‘A most famous Poet’s witt.’ Spenser, Verses addressed by the Author of the Faerie Queene (to the Earl of Essex).
‘Jealous leer malign.’ Paradise Lost, IV. 503.
346. ‘Scattered in stray-gifts,’ etc. Wordsworth, Stray Pleasures.
‘Like angel’s visits,’ etc. Pleasures of Hope, Part II. l. 378. Cf. Lectures on the English Poets (Vol. V. p. 150), where Hazlitt adds: ‘Mr. Campbell in altering the expression has spoiled it. “Few,” and “far between” are the same thing.’
‘We perceive a softness,’ etc. Cf. Vol. V. p. 184.
347. ‘Ruddy drops,’ etc. Julius Caesar, Act II. Scene 1.
Hohenlinden. Published anonymously with Lochiel in 1802, and included in the 4to (1803) edition of The Pleasures of Hope.
348. Mr. Campbell’s prose-criticisms. Campbell’s ‘Lectures on Poetry Re-written’ appeared in the New Monthly Magazine of which he was editor from 1820 to 1830. Hazlitt does not refer to his Specimens of the British Poets, with biographical and critical notices, and an Essay on English Poetry (7 vols. 1819).
Mr. Crabbe. The Poems of George Crabbe (1754–1832), with a Life by his son George, were published in 8 vols. 1834, and in one volume 1847. The one volume edition has recently been re-issued, as a result of the praises bestowed on Crabbe by Edward Fitzgerald, who himself made a Selection from the Tales of the Hall.
Audrey’s question. As You Like It. Act III. Scene 3.
349. ‘Turns diseases,’ etc. Henry IV., Part II., Act I. Scene 2.
Mr. Crabbe’s first poems, etc. Crabbe’s first poems were Inebriety (published anonymously in 1775), The Candidate (1780), and The Library (1781). It was The Village (1783) that Johnson read and approved. (See Boswell’s Life, ed. G. B. Hill, IV. 175.) Crabbe’s patron was Burke, by whom he was no doubt introduced to Reynolds, and later to Johnson.
350. He brings as a parallel instance, etc. In the Preface to the Tales (1812). See Works (1834, IV. 144).
‘In the worst inn’s worst room,’ etc. Pope, Moral Essays, III. 299.
351. He sets out with professing, etc. Hazlitt refers to the opening lines of The Village.
The sad vicissitudes of things. This phrase occurs in a poem, Contemplation, by the Rev. Richard Gifford, which was quoted by Johnson. See Tour to the Hebrides (Boswell’s Life, ed. G. B. Hill, V. 117–8). The phrase also occurs in Sterne’s Sermons (No. XVI.).
‘At one bound,’ etc. Paradise Lost, IV. 181.
He does not weave the web, etc. An unacknowledged quotation from All’s Well that Ends Well, Act IV. Scene 3.
The only leaf, etc. Crabbe resided for some time at Belvoir Castle as chaplain to the fourth Duke of Rutland. He dedicated The Borough to the fifth Duke, and Tales of the Hall to the Duchess.
352. ‘Thus by himself,’ etc. The Borough, Letter xxii., Peter Grimes.
353. The episode of Phœbe Dawson. In The Parish Register (Part II.). The tale interested Fox on his death-bed. (See Works, 1834, II. 16, 180.)
The character of the Methodist parson, etc. Hazlitt probably refers to the story of Ruth (Tales of the Hall, Book V., Works, 1834, VI. 93).
Mr. T. Moore. Cf. Political Essays (Vol. III., pp. 311–321).
‘Or winglet,’ etc. Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming, Part II., Stanza 12.
‘No dainty flower,’ etc. Spenser, The Faerie Queene, Book II., Canto vi., Stanzas 12 and 13.
354. ‘Wasteful and superfluous excess.’ ‘Wasteful and ridiculous excess.’ King John, Act IV. Scene 2.
355. ‘And spread,’ etc. Romeo and Juliet, Act I. Scene 1.
‘Dying or ere they sicken.’ Macbeth, Act IV. Scene 3.
355. ‘A perpetual feast,’ etc. Milton, Comus, 478–9.
‘On the rack,’ etc. Cf. ‘That on the torture of the mind to lie in restless ecstasy.’ Macbeth, Act III. Scene 2.
‘Looks so fair,’ etc. Othello, Act IV. Scene 2.
‘Another morn,’ etc. Paradise Lost, V. 310–1.
356. ‘Now, upon Syria’s,’ etc. Lalla Rookh, ‘Paradise and the Peri.’
Della Cruscan sentiment. See the essay on Gifford, ante, p. 309.
357. ‘A penitent tear.’
‘——the tear that, warm and meek,
Dew’d that repentant sinner’s cheek.’
‘Paradise and the Peri.’
‘Joy, joy for ever,’ etc. Ibid.
‘May bestride the Gossamer,’ etc. Romeo and Juliet, Act II. Scene 6.
‘In vain Mokanna,’ etc. Lalla Rookh, ‘The Veiled Prophet of Khorassan.’
358. ‘Whose coming,’ etc. Ibid.
The ‘Twopenny Post-bag.’ Published in 1812.
‘Nests of spicery.’ Richard III., Act IV. Scene 4.
‘In the manner,’ etc. Moore, Horace, Ode XI. Lib. II. Freely translated by the Pr—ce R—g—t.
‘An Adonis of fifty.’ ‘This Adonis in loveliness was a corpulent man of fifty.’ These words occur in a paper in The Examiner (March 22, 1812), for which Leigh Hunt and his brother John were sent to prison.
Note 2. Moore’s Little Man and Little Soul was dedicated to Charles Abbot (1757–1829) the Speaker, afterwards Lord Colchester. Abbot, in his address to the Regent in July 1813, referred to a Bill for the removal of Roman Catholic disabilities which had been defeated.
359. ‘In choosing songs,’ etc. Moore, Satirical and Humorous Poems. Extracts from the Diary of a Politician.
The ‘Fudge Family.’ See Hazlitt’s Political Essays, Vol. III., pp. 311–321.
The ‘divine Fanny Bias.’ The ‘Fudge Family in Paris.’ Letter V.
The ‘mountains à la Russe.’ Ibid. Letter VIII.
Is Mr. Moore bound, etc. Moore had urged Byron not to become associated with Leigh Hunt in The Liberal. See Byron’s Letters and Journals, ed. Prothero, VI. 22. Hazlitt himself deals with this matter at some length in an essay in the Plain Speaker, entitled, ‘On the Jealousy and Spleen of Party.’ See also Memoirs of William Hazlitt, II., 69–73. ‘The Spirit of Monarchy’ was a paper contributed by Hazlitt to The Liberal; ‘Fables for the Holy Alliance,’ a skit of Moore’s, published in 1823.
360. ‘To be admired,’ etc. ‘Needs only to be seen to be admired.’ Cowper, Expostulation, 493.
361. His Story of Rimini. Published in 1816. A savage review appeared in Blackwood’s Magazine for May 1818.
His Epistle to Lord Byron. Included in Foliage; or, Poems, Original and Translated (1818).
The Feast of the Poets. Published in 1814. See Vol. I., p. 377.
362. Some allusion was made, etc. See ante, note to p. 358.
Elia, and Geoffrey Crayon. Cf. Hazlitt’s essay ‘On Persons one would wish to have seen’ (Literary Remains), for another account of Lamb. In a letter to Bernard Barton (Feb. 10, 1825) Lamb says: ‘The “Spirit of the Age” is by Hazlitt. The characters of Coleridge, etc., he had done better in former publications, the praise and abuse much stronger, etc., but the new ones are capitally done. Horne Tooke is a matchless portrait. My advice is to borrow it rather than buy it. I have it. He has laid too many colours on my likeness; but I have had so much injustice done me in my own name, that I make a rule of accepting as much over-measure to “Elia” as gentlemen think proper to bestow.’ In a letter to J. Taylor (Letters, ed. Ainger, II., 35) he explains how he came to take the name of ‘Elia.’
362. ‘The pale reflex,’ etc. Romeo and Juliet, Act III. Scene 5.
‘Native to,’ etc. ‘Though I am native here, and to the manner born.’ Hamlet Act I. Scene 4.
363. ‘Shuffle off,’ etc. Ibid., Act III. Scene 1.
‘The self-applauding bird,’ etc. Cowper, Truth, l. 58 et seq.
‘New-born gauds,’ etc. Troilus and Cressida, Act III. Scene 3.
‘Give to dust,’ etc. Ibid.
‘Do not in broad,’ etc.
‘Fame is no plant that grows on mortal soil,
Nor in the glistering foil
Set off to the world, nor in the broad rumour lies,
But lives and spreads aloft by those pure eyes
And perfect witness of all-judging love.’
Lycidas, 78–82.
364. ‘Fine fretwork,’ etc. Essays of Elia. The South-Sea House.
365. ‘The chimes at midnight.’ ‘We have heard the chimes at midnight, Master Shallow.’ Henry IV., Part II., Act III. Scene 2.
‘Cheese and pippins.’ Cf. Merry Wives of Windsor. Act I. Scene 2, and Henry IV., Part II., Act V. Scene 3.
A certain writer. Hazlitt himself, who contributed three papers on Guy Faux to The Examiner in 1821, reprinted for the first time in the present edition. Lamb wrote a paper on the same subject in The London Magazine for November 1823, Works, ed. R. H. Shepherd, vol. I. p. 345. See Hazlitt’s essay ‘On Persons one would wish to have seen’ (Literary Remains).
366. ‘To have coined,’ etc. Julius Caesar, Act IV. Scene 3.
‘Civic honours.’ See Letters of Charles Lamb, ed. W. C. Hazlitt, II. 159, where, in a letter to Mrs. Hazlitt, Lamb describes his dinner at the Mansion House.
Mr. Waithman’s perusal. Robert Waithman (1764–1833), the political reformer, was Lord Mayor in 1823. See ante, note to p. 334.
Note. John Woodvil was published in 1802. The lines quoted are in Act II.
367. Mr. Washington Irvine’s acquaintance, etc. Washington Irving (1783–1859), published in New York The History of New York, By Diedrich Knickerbocker (1809), and came in 1815 to Europe, where he stayed for seventeen years. His Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent, was published in America in 1819, and in London first in part by Miller, then by Murray in 1820; his Bracebridge Hall by Murray in 1822. These and his later books, Tales of a Traveller (1824), Tales of the Alhambra (1832), Life of Oliver Goldsmith (1849), Life of Mahomet (1850), Life of Washington (1855), and others are now included in fifteen volumes of Bohn’s Standard Library. For an account of their publication and of Murray’s lawsuit against Bohn, see Smiles’s Memoirs of John Murray, Vol. II. passim.
In his ‘mind’s eye.’ Hamlet, Act I. Scene 2.
368. Mr. Knowles. James Sheridan Knowles (1784–1862) whose Virginius was produced at Covent Garden in May 1820, had recently been a confidant of Hazlitt’s in the matter of Sarah Walker. See Vol. II. p. 328 (Liber Amoris).
368. Mr. Knowles himself, etc. Knowles who had acted in the provinces as early as 1802, returned to the stage in 1832, when he played Master Walter in his own comedy of The Hunchback. He continued to act till 1843.
371. Preface to An Abridgment, etc. The first four volumes of Abraham Tucker’s (1705–1774) The Light of Nature Pursued were published under the name of ‘Edward Search’ in 1768, the remaining three, edited by his daughter, appearing posthumously in 1778.
Clarissa. The eight volumes of Clarissa Harlowe were abridged by E. S. Dallas in 1868, the six volumes of Sir Charles Grandison by Mary Howitt in 1873.
Without suffering, etc. Apparently a kind of legal formula, as in Hall’s Chronicles (Henry V. 70 b.): ‘that we suffre harm or diminucion in person estate worship or goods.’
‘Not sicklied o’er,’ etc. Hamlet, Act III. Scene 1.
373. John Buncle. See Vol. I. pp. 51–7 (The Round Table).
‘His unrivalled power of illustration.’ See the Preface to Paley’s Moral Philosophy.
377. ‘Petrific mace.’ ‘Death with his mace petrific.’ Paradise Lost, X. 294.
378. Note. ‘Just such shard-born beetle things.’ Macbeth, Act III. Scene 2.
Note. Mr. Horne Tooke. Cf. ante, 231–241.
Note. Promontory of noses. Tristram Shandy, Slaukenbergius’s Tale.
Note. Andrew Paraeus’s. Ambrose Paraeus’s ‘Solution of noses’ is in Tristram Shandy, Book III. Chap, xxviii.
Note. ‘It is as absurd,’ etc. Cf. ante, p. 240.
381. Soame Jenyns’s argument. See Disquisition VII. (Works, 1790, III. 258 et seq.). The argument is controverted by Jenyns.
384. Note. There is one argument, etc. ‘At sperat adolescens diu se victurum: quod sperare idem senex non potest. Insipienter sperat. Quid enim stultius, quam incerta pro certis habere, falsa pro veris! Senex, ne quod speret quidem, habet: at est eo meliore conditione, quam adolescens, quum id, quod ille sperat, his jam consecutus est. Ille vult diu vivere: his diu vixit.’ De Senectute, Cap. xix.
388. Edward Baldwin. The name under which Godwin wrote various works published by his wife.
393. David Booth. David Booth (1766–1846) published an Introduction to an Analytical Dictionary of the English Language in 1806. Only one volume of the Dictionary itself was published (1835).
Printed by T. and A. Constable, (late) Printers to Her Majesty at the Edinburgh University Press
2. Среди первых — Юм, Уоллес, Смит и Прайс; среди последних — экономисты, Монтескье, Франклин, сэр Джеймс Стюарт, Артур Янг, мистер Таунсенд, Платон и Аристотель.
3. Я прошу позволения отослать читателя к некоторым письмам, которые появились на эту тему в «Ежемесячном журнале», написанным хорошо информированным и изобретательным человеком, у которого было слишком много здравого смысла и твердости, чтобы быть унесенным потоком вульгарных предрассудков.
4. И все же удивительно, что при всей их мудрости и добродетели они не смогли бы предпринять никаких шагов, чтобы предотвратить это бедствие. Это разновидность очарования, о которой трудно составить какое-либо представление.
5. Распространенность этой сдержки может быть оценена по общей пропорции добродетели и счастья в мире, ибо если бы не было такой сдержки, не могло бы быть ничего, кроме порока и нищеты.
6. Во втором издании сказано: нравственное воздержание, порок или нищета. Что мы должны думать о человеке, который пишет книгу, чтобы доказать, что порок и нищета — единственная гарантия счастья человеческого рода, а затем пишет другую, чтобы сказать, что порок и глупость — не единственная гарантия, но что наш единственный ресурс должен быть либо в пороке и глупости, либо в мудрости и добродетели? Это все равно что сделать белую кожу частью определения человека и защищать это, говоря, что они все белые, за исключением тех, кто черный или смуглый.
7. Я здесь следую тексту мистера Мальтуса, который прикладывает большие усилия, чтобы дать поразительное описание диких племен, как приятный контраст, без сомнения, элегантностям и комфортам цивилизованной жизни. Чрезвычайную чувствительность мистера Мальтуса к грубости и неудобствам дикого состояния можно истолковать как утонченность и деликатность. Но мне это так не кажется. Есть что-то в этой неуместной и эгоистичной привередливости, что шокирует меня больше, чем объекты ее. Она ведет не к состраданию, а к ненависти. Мы стремимся избавиться от нашего беспокойства, ожесточаясь по отношению к объектам, которые его вызывают, и теряем пассивные чувства отвращения, возбуждаемые в нас другими, в активном желании причинить им боль. Отвращение слишком легко переходит в злобу. Мистер Мальтус, кажется, любит предаваться этому чувству против всех тех, кто не имеет таких же преимуществ, как он сам. С благочестивой благодарностью он, кажется, любит повторять про себя: «Я не такой, как этот бедный готтентот». Затем он дает вам свое меню, которое не из самых деликатных, не пропуская ни одного пункта, и, пожимая плечами, кривясь на него и буквально вызывая у вас тошноту, возбуждает в вас то же отвращение и ненависть к этому бедному существу, которые он сам с удовольствием испытывает. «У ваших очень милых людей самые гадкие воображения». Он торжествует над бедствиями и деградацией своих собратьев. Он обнажает все язвы и пятна человечества с тем же спокойствием и готовностью, с какими больничный хирург делает это с больным телом. Он превращает мир в склеп. Через унылое пространство 300 «холодных и неуютных» страниц он обыскивает все уголки земного шара только для того, «чтобы представить говорящую картину голода и наготы, в поисках объектов, наиболее подходящих его чувствам, в тревожном поиске бедствий, наиболее близких его нездоровому воображению», и жадно шарит в каждой дыре и углу нищеты, чтобы собрать доказательства в поддержку своей великой схемы нищеты, как во время выборов вы видите городских кандидатов, пробирающихся в грязные переулки и зловонные подвалы Шордича или Уайтчепела, а кандидатов в Вестминстер — в подвалы Сент-Джайлса, агитирующих за голоса, их патриотическое рвение преобладает над чувством собственного достоинства и чувством обоняния.