УКАЗАТЕЛЬ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА В ПРОЕКТЕ «ГУТЕНБЕРГ»
Составитель: Дэвид Уидджер
CONTENTS
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## THE COMPLETE WORKS FRANKLIN, Vol. 1
## THE COMPLETE WORKS FRANKLIN, Vol. 2
## THE COMPLETE WORKS FRANKLIN, Vol. 3
## MEMOIRS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Vol. 1
## MEMOIRS OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, Vol. 2
## AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
## BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, SELECTIONS
AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
FRANKLIN'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN: FIRST BALLOONS
EXPERIMENTS AND OBSERVATIONS ON ELECTRICITY
FRANKLIN'S WAY TO WEALTH
ОГЛАВЛЕНИЯ ТОМОВ
ПОЛНОЕ СОБРАНИЕ СОЧИНЕНИЙ ПОКОЙНОГО ДОКТОРА БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА
Впервые собранные и систематизированные: с мемуарами о его ранних годах, написанными им самим. В трех томах.
Том I (из III)
1806
CONTENTS
Page.
LIFE of Dr. FRANKLIN
1
LETTERS AND PAPERS ON ELECTRICITY.
Introductory Letter.
169
Wonderful effect of points.—Positive and negative electricity.—Electrical kiss.—Counterfeit spider.—Simple and commodious electrical machine.
170
Observations on the Leyden bottle, with experiments proving the different electrical state of its different surfaces.
179
Further experiments confirming the preceding observations.—Leyden bottle analysed.—Electrical battery.—Magical Picture.—Electrical wheel or jack.—Electrical feast.
187
Observations and suppositions, towards forming a new hypothesis, for explaining the several phenomena of thunder-gusts.
203
Introductory letter to some additional papers.
216
Opinions and conjectures, concerning the properties and effects of the electrical matter, and the means of preserving buildings, ships, &c. from lightning, arising from experiments and observations made at Philadelphia, 1749.—Golden fish.—Extraction of effluvial virtues by electricity impracticable.
217
Additional experiments: proving that the Leyden bottle has no more electrical fire in it when charged, than before: nor less when discharged: that in discharging, the fire does not issue from the wire and the coating at the same time, as some have thought, but that the coating always receives what is discharged by the wire, or an equal quantity: the outer surface being always in a negative state of electricity, when the inner surface is in a positive state.
245
Accumulation of the electrical fire proved to be in the electrified glass.—Effect of lightning on the needle of compasses, explained.—Gunpowder fired by the electric flame.
247
Unlimited nature of the electric force.
250
The terms, electric per se, and non-electric, improper.—New relation between metals and water.—Effects of air in electrical experiments.—Experiment for discovering more of the qualities of the electric fluid.
252
Mistake, that only metals and water were conductors, rectified.—Supposition of a region of electric fire above our atmosphere.—Theorem concerning light.—Poke-weed a cure for cancers.
256
New experiments.—Paradoxes inferred from them.—Difference in the electricity of a globe of glass charged, and a globe of sulphur.—Difficulty of ascertaining which is positive and which negative.
261
Probable cause of the different attractions and repulsions of the two electrified globes mentioned in the two preceding letters.
264
Reasons for supposing, that the glass globe charges positively, and the sulphur negatively.—Hint respecting a leather globe for experiments when travelling.
ibid.
Electrical kite.
267
Hypothesis, of the sea being the grand source of lightning, retracted.—Positive, and sometimes negative, electricity of the clouds discovered.—New experiments and conjectures in support of this discovery.—Observations recommended for ascertaining the direction of the electric fluid.—Size of rods for conductors to buildings.—Appearance of a thunder-cloud described.
269
Additional proofs of the positive and negative state of electricity in the clouds.—New method of ascertaining it.
284
Electrical experiments, with an attempt to account for their several phenomena, &c.
286
Experiments made in pursuance of those made by Mr. Canton, dated December 6, 1753; with explanations, by Mr. Benjamin Franklin.
294
Turkey killed by electricity.—Effect of a shock on the operator in making the experiment.
299
Differences in the qualities of glass.—Account of Domien, an electrician and traveller.—Conjectures respecting the pores of glass.—Origin of the author's idea of drawing down lightning.—No satisfactory hypothesis respecting the manner in which clouds become electrified.—Six men knocked down at once by an electrical shock.—Reflections on the spirit of invention.
301
Beccaria's work on electricity.—Sentiments of Franklin on pointed rods, not fully understood in Europe.—Effect of lightning on the church of Newbury, in New England.—Remarks on the subject.
309
Notice of another packet of letters.
313
Extract of a letter from a gentleman in Boston, to Benjamin Franklin, Esq. concerning the crooked direction, and the source of lightning, and the swiftness of the electric fire.
314
Observations on the subjects of the preceding letter.—Reasons for supposing the sea to be the grand source of lightning.—Reasons for doubting this hypothesis.—Improvement in a globe for raising the electric fire.
320
Effect of lightning on captain Waddel's compass, and the Dutch church at New York.
324
Proposal of an experiment to measure the time taken up by an Electric spark, in moving through any given space.
327
Experiments on boiling water, and glass heated by boiling water.—Doctrine of repulsion in electrised bodies doubted.—Electricity of the atmosphere at different heights.—Electrical horse-race.—Electrical thermometer.—In what cases the electrical fire produces heat.—Wire lengthened by electricity.—Good effect of a rod on the house of Mr. West, of Philadelphia.
331
Answer to some of the foregoing subjects.—How long the Leyden bottle may be kept charged.—Heated glass rendered permeable by the electric fluid.—Electrical attraction and repulsion.—Reply to other subjects in the preceding paper.—Numerous ways of kindling fire.—Explosion of water.—Knobs and points.
343
Accounts from Carolina (mentioned in the foregoing letter) of the effects of lightning on two of the rods commonly affixed to houses there, for securing them against lightning.
361
Mr. William Maine's account of the effects of the lightning on his rod, dated at Indian Land, in South Carolina, Aug. 28, 1760.
362
On the electricity of the tourmalin.
369
New observation relating to electricity in the atmosphere.
373
Flash of lightning that struck St. Bride's steeple.
374
Best method of securing a powder magazine from lightning.
375
Of lightning, and the methods (now used in America) of securing buildings and persons from its mischievous effects.
377
St. Bride's steeple.—Utility of electrical conductors to Steeples.—Singular kind of glass tube.
382
Experiments, observations, and facts, tending to support the opinion
of the utility of long pointed rods, for securing buildings from damage by strokes of lightning.
383
On the utility of electrical conductors.
400
On the effects of electricity in paralytic cases.
401
Electrical experiments on amber.
403
On the electricity of the fogs in Ireland.
405
Mode of ascertaining, whether the power, giving a shock to those who touch either the Surinam eel, or the torpedo, be electrical.
408
On the analogy between magnetism and electricity.
410
Concerning the mode of rendering meat tender by electricity.
413
Answer to some queries concerning the choice of glass for the Leyden experiment.
416
Concerning the Leyden bottle.
418
APPENDIX.
No. 1. Account of experiments made in electricity at Marly.
420
A more particular account of the same, &c.
422
Letter of Mr. W. Watson, F. R. S. to the Royal Society, concerning the electrical experiments in England upon thunder-clouds.
427
No. 2. Remarks on the Abbé Nollet's Letters to Benjamin Franklin, Esq. of Philadelphia, on electricity.
430
СПИСОК ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИЙ
PLATE I.
Electrical Experiments
facing page 182
PLATE II.
Electrical Air Thermometer
336
PLATE III.
Cavendish Experiment
348
PLATE IV.
Lightning Rod Experiments
388
ПОЛНОЕ СОБРАНИЕ СОЧИНЕНИЙ ПОКОЙНОГО ДОКТОРА БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА
Впервые собранные и систематизированные: с мемуарами о его ранних годах, написанными им самим. В трех томах.
ТОМ II (из III)
CONTENTS
LETTERS AND PAPERS ON PHILOSOPHICAL SUBJECTS.
Physical and meteorological observations, conjectures and suppositions
1
On water-spouts
11
The same subject continued
13
Water-spouts and whirlwinds compared
19
Description of a water-spout at Antigua
34
Shooting stars
36
Water-spouts and whirlwinds
37
Observations on the meteorological paper; by a gentleman in Connecticut
45
Observations in answer to the foregoing, by B. Franklin
49
Observations on the meteorological paper; sent by a gentleman in New York to B. Franklin
51
Answer to the foregoing observations, by B. Franklin
55
Gentleman of New York in reply
58
Account of a whirlwind at Maryland
61
On the north east storms in North America
63
Meteorological imaginations and conjectures
66
Suppositions and conjectures towards forming an hypothesis, for the explanation of the aurora borealis
69
On cold produced by evaporation
75
On the same subject
83
Concerning the light in sea-water
88
On the saltness of sea-water
91
On the effect of air on the barometer, and the benefits derived from the study of insects
92
On the Bristol waters, and the tide in rivers
95
On the same subject
102
Salt-water rendered fresh by distillation.—Method of relieving thirst by sea-water
103
Tendency of rivers to the sea.—Effect of the sun's rays on cloth of different colours
105
On the vis inertiæ of matter
110
On the different strata of the earth
116
On the theory of the earth
117
New and curious theory of light and heat
122
Queries and conjectures relating to magnetism and the theory of the earth
125
On the nature of sea coal
125
Effect of vegetation on noxious air
129
On the inflammability of the surface of certain rivers in America
130
On the different quantities of rain which fall at different heights over the same ground
133
Slowly sensible hygrometer proposed, for certain purposes
135
Curious instance of the effect of oil on water
142
Letters on the stilling of waves by means of oil
144
Extract of a letter from Mr. Tengnagel to Count Bentinck, dated at Batavia, the 5th of January, 1770
154
On the difference of navigation in shoal and deep water
158
Sundry maritime observations
162
Remarks upon the navigation from Newfoundland to New-York, in order to avoid the Gulph Stream on one hand, and on the other the shoals that lie to the southward of Nantucket and of St. George's Banks
197
Observations of the warmth of the sea-water, &c. by Fahrenheit's Thermometer, in crossing the Gulph Stream; with other remarks made on board the Pensylvania packet, Capt. Osborne, bound from London to Philadelphia, in April and May, 1775
199
Observations of the warmth of the sea-water, &c. by Fahrenheit's thermometer; with other remarks made on board the Reprisal, Capt. Wycks, bound from Philadelphia to France, in October and November, 1776
200
A journal of a voyage from the Channel between France and England towards America
202
On the art of swimming
206
On the same subject, in answer to some enquiries of M. Dubourg
210
On the free use of air
213
On the causes of colds
214
Dr. Stark, and Dr. Letsom
215
Number of deaths in Philadelphia by inoculation
ibid
Answer to the preceding
217
On the effects of lead upon the human constitution
219
Observations on the prevailing doctrines of life and death
222
An account of the new-invented Pensylvanian fire-places
225
On the causes and cure of smoky chimneys
256
Description of a new stove for burning of pitcoal, and consuming all its smoke
296
Method of contracting chimneys.—Modesty in disputation
317
Covering houses with copper
318
On the same subject
320
Paper referred to in the preceding letter
322
Magical square of squares
324
Magical circle
328
New musical instrument composed of glasses
330
Best mediums for conveying sound
335
On the harmony and melody of the old Scotch tunes
338
On the defects of modern music
343
Description of the process to be observed in making large sheets of paper in the Chinese manner, with one smooth surface
349
On modern innovations in the English language and in printing
351
A scheme for a new alphabet and reformed mode of spelling; with remarks and examples concerning the same; and an enquiry into its uses, in a correspondence between Miss S—— and Dr. Franklin, written in the characters of the alphabet
357
Rules for a club formerly established in Philadelphia
366
Questions discussed by the Junto forming the preceding club
369
Sketch of an English school; for the consideration of the trustees of the Philadelphia Academy
370
Advice to youth in reading
378
PAPERS ON SUBJECTS OF GENERAL POLITICS.
Observations concerning the increase of mankind, peopling of countries, &c
383
Remarks on some of the foregoing observations, showing particularly the effect which manners have on population
392
Plan by Messieurs Franklin and Dalrymple, for benefiting distant unprovided countries
403
Concerning the provision made in China against famine
407
Positions to be examined, concerning national wealth
408
Political fragments, supposed either to be written by Dr. Franklin, or to contain sentiments nearly allied to his own
411
On the price of corn, and management of the poor
418
On luxury, idleness, and industry
424
On smuggling, and its various species
430
Observations on war
435
Notes copied from Dr. Franklin's writing in pencil in the margin of Judge Foster's celebrated argument in favour of the impressing of seamen
437
On the criminal laws, and the practice of privateering
441
A parable against persecution, in imitation of scripture language
450
A letter concerning persecution in former ages, the maintenance of the clergy, American bishops, and the state of toleration in Old England and New England compared
452
On the slave trade
459
Account of the highest court of judicature in Pensylvania, viz. The court of the press
463
СПИСОК ИЛЛЮСТРАЦИЙ
PLATE V.
Water-Spouts
facing page 16
PLATE VI.
Maritime Observations
163
PLATE VII.
A Chart of the Gulph Stream
197
PLATE VIII.
Pensylvania Fire-Place
235
PLATE VIII*.
Profile of the Pensylvania Chimnie
238
PLATE IX.
Remedies for Smoky Chimnies
269
PLATE X.
Stove for Burning Pit-Coal
297
PLATE XI.
A Magic Square of Squares
327
PLATE XII.
A Magic Circle of Circles
328
ПОЛНОЕ СОБРАНИЕ СОЧИНЕНИЙ ПОКОЙНОГО ДОКТОРА БЕНДЖАМИНА ФРАНКЛИНА,
Впервые собранные и систематизированные: с мемуарами о его ранних годах, написанными им самим.
В ТРЕХ ТОМАХ
ТОМ III (из III)
CONTENTS
PAPERS ON AMERICAN SUBJECTS BEFORE THE REVOLUTIONARY TROUBLES.
Page.
Albany papers; containing, I. reasons and motives on which the plan of union for the colonies was formed;—II. reasons against partial unions;—III. and the plan of union drawn by B. F. and unanimously agreed to by the commissioners from New Hampshire, Massachusett's Bay, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Maryland, and Pensylvania, met in congress at Albany, in July 1754, to consider of the best means of defending the king's dominions in America, &c. a war being then apprehended; with the reasons or motives for each article of the plan
3
Albany papers continued. I. letter to Governor Shirley, concerning the imposition of direct taxes upon the colonies, without their consent
30
II. Letter to the same; concerning direct taxes in the colonies imposed without consent, indirect taxes, and the Albany plan of union
31
III. Letter to the same, on the subject of uniting the colonies more intimately with Great Britain, by allowing them representatives in parliament
37
Plan for settling two Western colonies in North America, with reasons for the plan, 1754
41
Report of the committee of aggrievances of the assembly of Pensylvania, dated Feb. 22, 1757
50
An historical review of the constitution and government of Pensylvania, from its origin; so far as regards the several points of controversy which have, from time to time, arisen between the several governors of that province, and their several assemblies. Founded on authentic documents
59
The interest of Great Britain considered, with regard to her colonies, and the acquisitions of Canada and Guadaloupe
89
Remarks and facts relative to the American paper-money
144
To the freemen of Pensylvania, on the subject of a particular militia-bill, rejected by the proprietor's deputy or governor
157
Preface by a member of the Pensylvanian assembly (Dr. Franklin) to the speech of Joseph Galloway, Esq. one of the members for Philadelphia county; in answer to the speech of John Dickinson, Esq. delivered in the house of the assembly of the province of Pensylvania, May 24, 1764, on occasion of a petition drawn up by order, and then under the consideration of the house, praying his majesty for a royal, in lieu of a proprietary government
163
Remarks on a late protest against the appointment of Mr. Franklin as agent for this province (of Pensylvania)
203
Remarks on a plan for the future management of Indian affairs
216
PAPERS ON AMERICAN SUBJECTS DURING THE REVOLUTIONARY TROUBLES.
Causes of the American discontents before 1768
225
Letter concerning the gratitude of America, and the probability and effects of an union with Great Britain; and concerning the repeal or suspension of the stamp act
239
Letter from Governor Pownall to Dr. Franklin, concerning an equal communication of rights, privileges, &c. to America by Great Britain
243
Minutes to the foregoing, by Dr. Franklin
244
The examination of Dr. Franklin before the English house of commons, in February, 1766, relative to the repeal of the American stamp act
245
Attempts of Dr. Franklin for conciliation of Great Britain with the colonies
286
Queries from Mr. Strahan
287
Answer to the preceding queries
290
State of the constitution of the colonies, by Governor Pownall; with remarks by Dr. Franklin
299
Concerning the dissentions between England and America
310
A Prussian edict, assuming claims over Britain
311
Preface by the British editor (Dr. Franklin) to "The votes and proceedings of the freeholders, and other inhabitants of the town of Boston, in town-meeting assembled according to law (published by order of the town), &c."